US1232586A - Carbureter. - Google Patents

Description

J. R. MACK.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATIONv FILED JAN.12, |912.

Pzitented July 10, 1917.

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JOHN RODNEY MACK, F JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO THE TEXAS COMPANY, OF NEW`YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF TEXAS, AND ONE- FOURTH TO EDWARD P. DECKER, 0F DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

CARBURETER.

S'pecication o Letters-Patent. Patented July 10, 191?,

Application filed January 12, 1912. Serial N0. 670,766.

To all 'whom t may concer/n.:

Be it known that I, JOHN Romina' MACK, a citizen of the United States, residing'at Jersey City, in the county of Hudson and State ofNew Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carbureters for Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention has relation to new and useful improvements in carbureters for vaporizing liquid fuel for use as the explosive charge in internal combustion engines, and

the primary object of the invention is to provide'a carbureter which'will be especially adapted tothe vaporization of kerosene as a liquid fuel.

The invention consists in the improvements to be fully described hereinafter and the novelty of which will be particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed.

I have fully and clearly illustrated my invention in the accompanying drawings to be taken as a part of this specification and wherein:

Fi e l is a view in side elevation'of a mu iai-cylinder internal combustion engine provided with my invention, the latter being shown in side elevation;

Fig. 2 is a' vertical central longitudinal view through my improved carbureter;

Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 4 is an enlarged section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2.

Before proceeding with the detail description ofmy invention, l".v would state that it is shown as applied to or embodied in that type of carbureter in which the liquid fuel is vaporized to form the explosive charge, and is fed to the explosion cylinder by the suction produced by the vacuum created on the intake str'oke of they-power piston, the fuel being fed to the vaporizer by force feed preferably. 1

Referring to the drawings by characters of reference, A, A, A, A designate the power cylinders of a four-cylinder internal combustion engine which may be of the fourcycle type, and B designates the intake manifold from which extend the inlet branches C, one leading to each cylinder of the enne, the manifold being formed with a ownwardly-projecting extension D, all as shown in Fig. l of the drawings. l wish it understood that the construction just de# scribed forms no part of my present invention, the same being shown only in order that the application and operation of my invention will be fully understood.

l will now proceed to describe'the structure which has been selected as exemplifying my invention: 1 designates a hollow chamber preferably in the form of an elongated tubular member which is substantially cylins drical in general contour and may be provided at its upper end with an annular iange 2A adapted to abut and be secured by bolts 3 to an annular flange 4 on the power lend of the branch D of the manifold. This an' opening 'i' in the side of the chamber 1, said plug member having a longitudinally extending tubular extension8 located transe versely of the member 1 and havin a bore or passage 9A formed at its inner en with'a nozzle 10 which closely approaches 'the o'pposite side wall of the chamber for a purpose to be presently described.l Extending through the bore just mentioned is a tubular stem 11 provided with an exterior thread 12 adapted to engage the internal .surface of the tubular extension 8 so'as to form between the vstem and said extension a circuitous or helical passage 13, as clearly shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings. At its outer end the stem 11 projects exterior of the plug 7 and is threaded as at 14 into a yreservoir l5,` which at its base is connected by ak valved coupling consists of a plug member 6 adapted to be threaded into 16, with a feed pipe 17 connecting with a source of liquid fuel supply. In this cou-I pling 16 is a turn-plug valve 18 which is operated by means hereinafter described to control the feed of fuel to the reservoir 15. The'bore of the stem 11 communicates with the passage 13 heretofore described through a lat-,eral port 18 in said stem at the'head of said passage. The arrangement is such that the liquid fuel under pressure entering the nipple plug and the passage in the stem from said reservoir will emerge from the lateral port 18EL through the stem and flow through the circuitous passage 13 between the stem and plug to the nipple 10, whence it strikes the conical face 19 of a dasher screw 20 threaded into the casing andheld against accidental turning by an expansive sprlng 21 surrounding the screw and exerting its force against the casing and the head of said screw. By striking said conical face the liquid is deflected against the casing wall and is broken up so as to mix with the air drawn into the open end 5 of the chamberv on the intake stroke of the engine piston. The conical headmay also be adjusted toward and away from the nozzle opening to re late the iow from the nozzle.

urrounding the tubular membeg 8 heretofore described is a layer 22 of insulatingl material, such, for instance, as asbestos, about which is coiled a high resistance wire 23, one end of which is grounded against a liange 24 on the inner end of the member 8. About the wire coil and covering the same is a second layer lof asbestos 25 and over the 4same is a cylindrical metal jacket 26 which contacts at its lower end with said liange and at its upper end abuts the threaded end of the cylindrical plug 11. The outer end of the high resistance wire is connected to a feed wire 26a which leads to one pole of va source of electric current (not shown), .the other pole of which is grounded on some part of the engine structure so that the circuit is completed through the chamber of the carbureter. By this arrangement the liquid fuel is spread in a thin film or stream between the stem and the inner surface of 'the cylindrical plug and, when the current is on,th is film is highly heated so that, when emerging-from the nozzle 10 itis thoroughly vaporized. ,4

In the chamber between the inlet plug just described and the manifold is a transverse cylindrical enlargement 27 through which extends a horizontally-disposed shaft 28 upon which is mounted for free rotation f a mixing wheel 29 having radial vanes 30, 'as shown iii Figs. 2 and 3. This cylindrical chamber containing the mixing wheel is open at one quarter as at 31 to the air passage toward the fuel inlet plug, and on the upper quarter on the other side of the vertlcal diameter of the wheel is open as at 32 to the nasase vided with an opening through which the wheel, shaft and cylindrical screen may be withdrawn, the opening being provided with a suitable closure plate 34 which is held in place by a nut 35 threaded on the end of the shaft. Whenever suction is created through the chamber by the vacuum caused by the intake 'stroke of the engine piston creating a rush of 'air inward through the chamber, ,the mixing wheel will be caused to rapidly rotate by the mixture striking the vanes thereof in passing to the engine.

In the casing betweenA the mixing wheel and the' upper end of said chamber is arranged a throttle valve 36 preferably in the form of the Awell. known butterfly valve, although my invention is not in any Way limited to any particular form of valve.

I will now proceed to describe the means for regulating the supply of fuel to the reservoir, and for controlling the air admitted to the casing 5 to be mixed With the tjet of fuel emitted from the nozzle 10. Con- 39 threaded on vsalid lever on pposite `sides of the engaging end of the bar. The opposite end of this bar connects to one 'end of the leve"40 fulcrumed intermediate its ends on a bracket 41 secured to the reservoir, the opposite end of said lever' being connected to a plunger rod 42 which extends centrally through a cap-piece 43 threadedl on the vlower end 5 of the casing. This rod 42 works within a guide-boss 44, formed centrally of said cap, land carries at its inner end a valve plate or diaphragm 45 which co-perates with a shoulder 46 in said cap to separate the interior of the ,capfrom the lower end of the casing. Mounted on the rod 42 and engaging the inner end of the boss 44 is an expansive coil spring 47 acting against said boss, and a nut 48 adjustably mounted on said rod to normally seat the diaphragm vvalve 45 against said shoulder 46. Thecappiece 1s formed with a plurality of inlet openings 49 through which ai'r finds access to the interior of the carbureter w en suction is created therethrough. The arrangement is such that the suction or instroke of the engine serves to open the valve 45, which is prevented from causinga vacuum in the supply pipe and thereby interfering with the feed of the proper amount of fuel to the carbureter.

The reservoir maintains in the line of supply a body or column of fuel in excess of that drawn out by the suction through the carbureter. Without such a means the suction might create a vacuum in the supply pipe and this might result in interrupting the flow of fuel. By employing the reservoir there is always a sure and steady supply of kerosene at every suction stroke of the en ine.

In t e casing 1 between the rotary mixing device and the nozzle, is formed an annular series of openings 50, and surrounding this portion of the casing is a rotary band 51 having a similar set of openings, the arrangement being such that by the rotation of said band on the casing the openings in the bandand casing may be so related as to vary or regulate the supply of air to the casing. It will be understood that a constant or determined amount of air enters the casing through the openings 50, and that the total amount of air in the mixer entering the engine is regulated by the band 51, which permits more or less air to enter the said openings 50.

The parts being arranged as described the operation of the invention is as follows:

The engine is started either under compression or by the crank in the usual manner, which will immediately cause a vacuum within the cylinder in which the piston is on the intake stroke, which serves to create a current of air from the outer atmosphere through the openings 50, and also serves to lift the diaphragm valve 45 from its seat to permit inlet of the air through the openings 49. This suction through the carbureter into the manifold, together with the force feed of the fuel, causes the kerosene to be sprayed into the chamber from the nozzle 10 and to be broken up against the conical head 19.0f the screw 20. While passing through the plug the kerosene is effectively heated by the resistance coil, so that when emerging from the nozzle 7 the kerosene is thoroughly vaporized yand in proper condition to mix with the air which is drawn into the chamber. The suction through the chamber continuing throughout the intake stroke of the piston, ythe air and vapprized fuel is drawn into the mixing chamberwhere the rapidly revolving wheel causes the air and vaporized kerosene to thoroughly intermingle, the mixture past the throttle valve to the manifold.

The construction of the stem 11 with the thread thereon in combination with the tubular member 8, forming the circuitous passage 13, is important in that it lengthens the time that the column of; kerosene takes to flow through the plug and therefore the flowing from the opening,

ift.

time the kerosene is subjected to the heat of the coil 21, 'and at the same time the kero-- sene is'spread into a thin lm so that it is more quickly and thoroughly heated.

It will be understood that in the multicylinder engine, or one having four cylinders, that the suction in the manifold and through the carbureter is substantially constant so that the diaphragm valve 45 will be held open during the operation of ,the several pistons, and will not move to its seat unless the engine is running very slowly. If the carbureter is used in connection with a single-cylinder engine where there is an appreciable interval between suction strokes, the said valve 45 opens' on the suction stroke and closes on the explosion stroke. By the arrangement shown for controlling supply to the reservoir, no matter whether the carbureter is used in connection with a singlecylinder engine or multi-cylinder engine, the lifting of the valve from its seat will open the turn-plug so that the reservoir is furnished with an amount of kerosene equal to the amount drawn through the nozzle by the suction in the carbureter.

W'hat I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. In a carbureter, a chamber having an air inlet and an outlet, a tubular member extending into the chamber, and disposed so as to direct liquid fuel against the side wall of said chamber, and an electric heating coil surrounding said member within the chamber, for vaporizing the liquid passing in the casing between said air inlet and out-- let, the fuel inlet duct opening into the helical passageway, said plu having an outlet through which the fuel om said passageway discharges into said chamber in the casing, and a heating coil surrounding said helical passa eway to vaporize the fuel flowing theret rough.

3. In a carbureter, a chamber having a curved side wall, an air inlet, and an outlet, a tubular member for delivering liquid fuel to the chamber, said tubular member having an orifice disposed opposite said curved side wall and capable of directing the fuel against said wall, insulating Vmaterial surrounding said member, a'n electric heating coil wound on the said material, insulating material on the coil, and a surrounding jacket. v

4. In a carbureter, the combination of a vertically arranged chamber having an air inlet at the bottom, a mixture outlet at the top and a curved side Wall, a tubular member extending through the Wall of the chamber and having its orifice disposed so as to direct fuel against the curved Wall, and a coil 5 wound on the tubular member for heating the fuel' passing therethrough.

5. In a carbureter, the combination of a chamber having a curved side Wall, an inlet at one end and a mixture outlet at the other 10 end, a tubular fuel delivering member eX- tending transversely of said chamber between said inlet and said outlet and having its orifice disposed closely adjacent the curved wall of said chamber, and a device for regulating the 'discharge of fuel from 15 said oriioe.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

JOHN RODNELT MACK. Witnesses:

M. E. MCNINCH, C. G. HEYLMURE.

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