US1220394A - Smokeless oven-furnace. - Google Patents

Description

J. G. BROMAN.

' SMOKELESS OVEN FURNACE.

APPLICATION Flu-:D JAN.18.1915.

Patented Mar. 27, 19W.

1. G. anon/IAN. SMOKELESS OVEN FURNACI.

APPLICATION FILED IAN.` I8, ISIS.

Patented Mar. 27, 1917.

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VE E Jaim /mmf@ J. G. BHOMAN.

SMOKELESS OVEN FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. I8. |915- eg@ Patented Mar. 27, 1917.

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Jaim @Eroman JOHN e. BROMAN, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

SMOKELESS OVEN-FURNACE.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 2'?, 1917.

Application led January 18, 1915. Serial No. 2,785.

To all whom t may concern:

Be itknown that I, JOHN G. BROMAN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Smokeless Oven-Furnace; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and eXact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the numerals of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to a furnace for boilers whereby the fuel may be completely burned and consumed without the production of smoke. v

It is a well known fact that the production of smoke in a furnace is due to incomplete combustion of the fuel and that by re ducing the velocity of the products of combustion and by increasing the temperature thereof, or, in other words, by preventing the same from becoming chilled by a premature contact with the tubes of the boiler, the complete oxidation thereof may be made to take place with a sufficient supply of air, so that the flue gases, as they emerge from the stack, are entirely free from smoke.

It is an object, therefore, of this invention to provide a furnace wherein an intense draft is induced by means of suitable jets acting to force air into the fire box, and with means provided for preventing a premature cooling of the products of combustion, thus insuring complete combustion thereof.

It is also an object of this invention to provide in combination with the reboX of a boiler, a lire tile combustion chamber to which the products of combustion are directed by blasts of steam and air, prior to their admission to the tubes of the boiler, thus insuring complete combustion of the products with a resultant increase of temperature and entire absence of smoke.

It is also an Object of this invention to construct a setting for a boiler wherein a reboX and combustion chamber are provided, as well as air ducts Within the walls of the setting, whereby air may be introduced for combustion by jets of steam as well as due to the natural draft, immediately passing, however, upon its introduction, with the products of combustion from the lire, into the combustion chamber, to there further and completely oXidize the products of combustion and increasing the temperature thereof, and preventing the formation of smoke prior to the admission of the same to the tubes of the boiler.

It is also an object of this invention to construct a device wherein a combustion chamber provided with a perforated arch or top wall is used in conjunction with the firebox, serving to receive the products of combustion and unburnt gases therefrom, the gases in their passage through said chamber being thoroughly broken up and intermingled with one another, causing the same to ignite on or before leaving the chamber, the perforated arch becoming almost incandescent from the heat of the burning gases, thus insuring lcomplete combustion of all the gases passing therethrogh.

It is finally an object of this invention to provide a device wherein a number of steam jets act to introduce air into the fireboX of a boiler and are so directed and coperate with one another to force the products of combustion from the fire immediately into a combustion chamber to prevent premature cooling of the gases and imperfect combustion.

The invention (in a preferred form) is hereinafter more fully described and defined in the accompanying drawings and specification.

In the drawings:

Figure l is a longitudinal vertical section illustrating a tubular boiler of any conventionel type in elevation, mounted in a setting embodying the principles of my invention.

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the end thereof.

Fig. 3 is a section on line 3 3 of Fig. 1, with parts in elevation.

Fig. 4 is a section on line 4 4 of Fig. l, showing the combustion chamber.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section taken through the setting above the ireboX, the wall being broken away at different points to illustrate the construction.

has been shown as a tubular fire tube boiler.

rihe setting for the boiler is of brickwork and embodies a firebox 2, and a combustion chamber 3, said chambers 2 and 3, being separated from one another by a bridge wall fl, but communicating by means of a passage 5, through the upper portion thereof. The chamber 6, is built at the rear of the setting through which the gases pass from the combustion chamber to the tubes of the boiler.

The combustion chamber 3, has a perforated arched top wall extending thereacross through which all of the gases pass on their way to the boiler and the stack. rlhis wall becomes extremely hot, so that in the event of the presence of any unburnt gases in the products of combustion, the hot perforated wall, which causes a thorough breaking up and mixing of all the gases on their passage therethrough, serves to ignite any of the unburnt gases on or before their passage through said perforated wall.

Any suitable type of grate S, may be mounted in the iirebox, extending from a point beneath a fire door entrance 9, to the bridge wall. Said entrance 9, is closed by means of fire doors 10, through which the Yfuel may be admitted and likewise doors 11, give access to the ashpit below the grate. Relatively large doors 12, are mounted upon the front of the boilerV setting, permitting access to the flue or smoke box 7 and to the tubes of the boiler for cleaning the same.

The front wall of the furnace is constructed with an air duct 13, extending horizontally therethrough at a point above the fire doors, and this passage or duct also communicates with ducts 14, extending -horizontally toward the rear of the setting and through the side walls thereof, the connections between said respective ducts 13 and 14, being afforded by short vertical passages 15, also built within the front wall of the setting.

For the purpose of augmenting the draft and forcing air for combustion into the furnace, a plurality of steam jet injectors denoted as a whole by the reference numeral 1G, are mounted in a row in the front wall of the boiler setting at the top of the firebox and are adapted to communicate with the air ducts 13. A steam pipe 17, extends across the outside of the front of the boiler setting and is adapted to supply steam to each of the injectors. Other injectors 18, are mounted on each side of the firebox in the front wall of the boiler at a lower point than the injectors 16. rEhe latter injectors consist merely of a steam nozzle shown in dotted lines in Figs. 1 and 5, directed longitudinally within the air duct or passage 14. A steam pipe 19 on the exterior of the front of the boiler, serves to supply steam to said injector' nozzles 18, and a main feed steam pipe 20, connected in the boiler proper at any suitable point, communicates with each of said pipes 17 and 19. The flow of steam into each of said latter pipes may be controlled as desired, by the valves 21 and 22, respectively. As shown in Fig. 5, the pas sages lll, are directed inwardly into, and at the rear of the firebox above the grate through nozzle mouth elements designated by the reference numeral 22a.

Each of the injectors 16, comprises the steam nozzle 23, extending through a fitting 24, provided with an open passage or conduit 25, through which air may be drawn. The outer end of said steam nozzle 23, projects into a pipe element 26, having a converging entrance at one end and which, at its other end, fiares outwardly into a mouth piece 27, of the nozzle, the outer end of which is somewhat tapered and flattened, as shown clearly in Fig. 8, to insure a thorough intermingling of the steam and air.

The operation is as follows:

The fuel is fed onto the grate 8, through the re doors 10, and the passage 9, either by hand or automatically, as desired. As combustion 'takes place, the gases evolved are immediately forced by the injectors V16, and the nozzles 22, into and through the passage 5, in the bridge wall to the combustion chamber 3. lThere the intermingling air and the gases, havino' had no chance to become cooled, unite with one another with a further increase in temperature.

Of course, the apertured top wall of the chamber 3, becomes almost incandescent, due to burning gases in the chamber, so that any remaining traces of unburnt gases are ignited in their passage through said wall and the checkered arrangement of the apertures causes a thorough mingling of the gases to insure complete oxidation thereof. The hot fine gases then pass out through the apertures in the top wall of the combustion chamber, rearwardly through the chamber 6 and up and through the tubes of the boiler 1, and thence to the stack through the smoke box 7 The steam jets assist in complete combustion by stirring up the gasesand air and insuring the thorough mixture thereof. Owing to the positioning of the injectors for steam and air, the evolved gases from the fuel on the grate, have little chance of striking the boiler exposed in the rebox, but are immediately swept into the combustion chamber and accordingly, the usual ire arch over the fireloox may be dispensed with.

I am aware that various details of construction may be varied through a wide range without departing from the principles of this invention. I therefore do not purpose limiting the patent granted otherwise than necessitated by the prior art.

I claim as my invention:

l. In a device of the class described, a boiler, a re box, steam jet injectors projecting through the front wall thereof, each comprising a fitting, a steam nozzle extending therethrough, an air conduit communicating with said fitting, a pipe element connected with said fitting having a converging entrance and an outwardly flaring exit, and a tapered nozzle connected over the end of said pipe element, steam and air injectors discharing through the side walls of the fire box at a different level than the front wall ej ectors, a combustion chamber adjacent said fire box, a perforated top wall therefor, and a large chamber disposed beyond and communicating with said combustion chamber through said perforated wall, said jets adapted to inject air into the fire box to prevent the products of combustion contacting the boiler while in the fire box and forcing the same into the combustion chamber for further combustion before entering said large chamber.

2. In a device of the class described, a re tube boiler, a lire box beneath the front end thereof, steam injectors each comprising a fitting, a steam nozzle extending therethrough, an air conduit communicating with said tting, a pipe element connected with said fitting having a converging entrance and an outwardly flaring exit, and a tapered nozzle connected over the end of said pipe element projecting through the up* per portion of the front wall of said fire box, a steam injector in each of the side walls of said fire box mounted to discharge into the fire box below the level of discharge of the injectors in the front wall, a chamber below the rear end of the boiler in communication with the interior thereof, a combustion chamber adjacent said fire box, a perforated top wall therefor, and a bridge wall between the fire box and the combustion cham ber having a passage therethrough whereby said injectors in the front wall act to inject air and steam downwardly into the fire box and co-act with the injectors of the side walls to force the evolved gases through the passage in said bridge wall into the combustion chamber to prevent the gases primarily contacting the boiler to insure further combustion thereof by passage through said combustion chamber and perforated top wall into the chamber beneath the rear end of said boiler.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN G. BROMAN.

Witnesses:

FRANK K. HUDSON, LEON M. REIBSTEIN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

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