US1187867A - Bullet. - Google Patents

Description

BULLET.

Patented June 20, 1916.

E. M. SHINKLE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 19, 1915.

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EDWARD 1V1. SHINKLE, OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY.

BULLET.

Application filed February 19, 1915.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD SHINKLE, major U. S. Army, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bullets; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to bullets for re arms of all kinds, and has for its object to improve the bullet' made the subject of U. S. Patent to J. E. Bell, #807,012, December 12, 1905 for rifle bullet.

With this object in view the invention consists in the novel details of construction and combinations of parts more fully hereinafter disclosed and particularly pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification in which like numerals designate like parts in all the views :-Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view partly in section of a bullet made in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2 is a-sectional view on a greatly exaggerated scale of some of the parts shown in Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing the old style bullet illustrated' in U. 6. Patent #807,012, above mentioned.

The bullets used in military and other high velocity rifles are either composite bullets consisting of a jacket of copper, cupronickel, soft steel, or other metal of considerable strength, filled with a softer and more ductile metal such as lead or one of its alloys, or they are made of a single metal or alloy such as copper or bronze. In either case the most customary form is a cylindrical body of a diameter approximately equal to the bore of the rifle measured'to the bottom of the grooves, to which is added a point, that may be conical, ogival, or of any other form suitable for the purpose for I which the bullet is designed.

The fact that the diameter of the bore of the rifle is approximately 0.008 less when measured to the lands than when measured to the bottom of the grooves of the rifiing causes the riding to cut grooves in a manner well known in the exterior of the body of the bullet for the entire length over which Specification of Letters Patent.

latenteol June 20, 191.6.

Serial No. 9,399.

its diameter is greater than the nominal bore or the diameter measured to the lands. While it is necessary to have some portion of the body of a diameter approximately as great as the diameter of the bore of the rifle measured to the bottom of the grooves, the length of the portion of this diameter need only be enough to impart angular velocity to the bullet and to prevent the escape of powder gases past the bullet. Any greater length of this diameter simply requires a greater length of metal to be cut by the lands of the rifiing and thus increases the friction in the bore.

Inventors and experimenters with small arms rifle bullets have recognized the loss of efliciency of bullets of the cylindrical body type and have attempted .in various ways such as by the use of cannelures filled with a lubricant,' and the use of a bullet the main portion of the body of which is cylindrical and of the nominal diameter of the rifle, with a short cylindrical portion at the rear of greater diameter, to reduce the friction in the barrel. One example of such bullets is found in the said U. S. Patent 807,012. But such a bullet has very serious defects as have all others known to me which will be apparent when it is remembered that: In the first place if a-bullet of this character is entered into the mouth of the cartridge case far enough to afford a reasonable security in handling, the front of the rotating band will not come in contact with the real conical portion of the rifling usually known as the forcing cone. The result is that the bullet must move in a distance of say 0.25 more or less, before taking the rifling. This is detrimental to accuracy, and in addition allows the escape of a portion of the powder gases ast the opening between the bullet and the orcing cone causing excessive erosion and loss of effective work of a portion of the gases from the powder charge. Again that type of bullet having a cylindrical body of the same diameter throughout first comes in contact with the forcing cone or conical portion of the rifling at a point on the bullet forward of the cylindrical body. Under these conditions gas escapes past the bullet before it has moved forward far enough to completely seal the bore.

To remedy the objections described above my bullet is so designed as to substantially or completely seal the bore when forced into firing position by the breech mechanism and has as small an amount of metal to be cut by the lands of the rifle as will be sufiicient to seal the bore against the escape of powder gases as well as to impart an angular velocity to the bullet. A suitable length for the metal to be out along the length of the bullet in many cases will be say 0.16645.

In order that the present invention may be clearly understood, reference is had to the drawings in which 1 indicates the barrel of any rifle, pistol, or fire arm provided with rifling; 2 the lands of the rifling, 3 the point near the rear end of the lands where the said lands begin to taper ofl to form a forcing cone, 1 the tapered or beveled surface of the lands, or forcing cone, 5 the extreme rear end of the lands or base of said forcing cone, and 6 the Wall of the cartridge receiving chamber.

7 represents the cartridge casing, 8 the rear end of the bullet fitting said casing, 9 the body of the bullet, and 10 its forward tapered end.

The zibove features of construction are or may be of any well known or suitable dimen sions.

In the bullet 11, made the subject of the said U. S. Patent 807012, its rear end 12, Was made the full diameter of the bullets then in use, while its forward body portion was slightly reduced in size to fit the diameter of the bore between the lands all as is illustrated in Fig. 3. I have discovered, however, as above stated, that whereas the bullet of said patent did constitute an improvement over the prior bullets, yet in practice it is defective in the following particulars: The said full sized rear end 12 joins the reduced fore body 11 of the bullet by a rather abrupt shoulder 13, so that since the said end 12 does not normally enter the forcing cone 4, there is left a hollow space 14-, between the wall of the forcing cone and the shoulder 13. In other words, although I found in actual tests that the bullet of'said patent did reduce the friction in the gun, and therefore produced a higher velocity for a given pressure, all as disclosed in said patent, yet, said tests further showed that these results were not satisfactory, in that the bullet of the patent is not accurate and did not otherwise function as efficiently as was desired. I further discovered from said tests that these defects were due to the presence of the space 1 1 between the rear end 12 and reduced fore body 11 of the bullet, which permits the gases of explosion to escape to a greater or less extent before the rear end 12 has fully taken the rifling. In the present invention I remedy these defects as also stated above by doing away with the abrupt shoulder 13 altogether, and while retaining a reduced fore body 9, I so taper that portion 15 of the bullet that is to take the rifling that its surface 16 will fit, or substantially fit, the surface 4; of the particular forcing cone with which it is to function, all as will be clear from Figs. 1 and 2.

The rear end 8 of my bullet of course may be of various shapes and dimensions to suit the arm it is designed for, but in the drawings I have illustrated it as cylindrical, and of the same diameter as the body 9.

In order to give a specific example of the construction of a bullet made in accordance with this invention, it is said: The bullet shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawing which is not to scale is designed for use in the United States magazine rifle caliber .30, model of 1903, chambered for model of 1906 ammunition, and is intended to illustrate the principles involved so clearly that anyone skilled in the manufacture of small arms ammunition may be able to manufacture ammunition of this design for any other fire arm by making suitable changes in dimensions.

The cylindrical base portion 8 of this bullet is of a diameter of substantially 0.2995, which is equal to or slightly greater than the nominal diameter of the rifle in which it is to be fired. The conical section 15 fits the forcing cone 1 of the rifle in which it is to be fired. The cylindrical portion 9 is equal to or slightly greater in diameter than the nominal bore of the rifle in which it is to be fired, and extends from the conical portion 15 to the beginning of the curvature of the pointed end 10, which can be of any shape desired. A cannelure 20 may or may not be added as desired, at the front end of the part 8 for crimping purposes.

It is obvious that those skilled in the art may vary the details of construction, as well as the arrangement of parts Without departing from the spirit of my inventionfor example, the dimensions appearing on the drawings may be increased say 0.00land therefore I do not wish to be limited-to the above disclosure except as may be required by the claims.

,What I claim is 1. A bullet for use in military rifles provided with a sharp nose portion; a cylindrical portion of substantially the diameter of the bore between the lands located in rear of and joining said sharp nose portion; a forwardly tapered portion located in the rear of and joining said cylindrical portion; said tapered portion having a diameter at its front end of substantially the diameter between the lands, and having a diameter at its rear end of substantially the diameter of the bore between the grooves; and a second cylindrical portion in rear of and joining said tapered portion substantially as de scribed.

2. A bullet for use in military rifles pro yided with a sharp nose portion, a cylindrical portion of the diameter of the bore between the lands located in rear of and joining said sharp nose portion; a forwardly tapered portion having a base of the diameter of the bore between the grooves in rear of and joining said cylindrical portion;

and a second cylindrical portion of the same diameter as said first named cylindrical por-

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