US1165099A - Key-duplicating machine. - Google Patents

Description

1,165,099. Patented Dec. 21,1915.

E1 HOERNEL.

KEY DUPLICATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION HLED'SEPLS, 1913.

7 SHEETSSHEET 1- ELHOERNEL.

KEY DliPLlCATING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 6, 191,3.

Patented Dec. 21, 1915.

7SHEETS-SHEET 2.

E. HOERNEL.

KEY DUPLICATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 6 1913.

Patented ec. 21, 1915.

7 SHEETSSHEET 31 E.-HOERNEL.

KEY DUPLICATING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. a, 19:3.

1,165,099. Patented De0.21,1915.

7 SHEETSSHEET 4.

E. HOERNEL.

KEY DUPLlCATlNG MACHINE.

APPLKCATION HLED SEPT-6.1913.

1,165,099. Patentd Dec.21,1915.

7SHEETS-SHEET 5.

E. HOERNEL.

KEY DUPLICATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT e, 1913.

1,165,099, Patented Dec. 21, 1915.

YSHEETS-SHEET 6- 4 E. HOERNEL. KEY DUPLICATING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT-6,1913.

Patented Dec. 21, 1915.

.7 SHE 'SSHEET 7- cine, in the county of Racine and EDWARD HOERNEL; 0F RAGINE,

T ltd-id.

"WISCDNSIN, .ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALFTO HUBERT PEEK, OF liVASI-IENGTON, DISTRECT OF COLUMBIA.

KEY-DUPLICATING MACHINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD Honunnn, a citizen oi the United States, residing at Ra State of Wisconsin, have invented. certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to Key'Duplicating Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements in and relating to key duplicating machines and the like; and the objects and. na ture of the invention will be readily under stood by those skilled in the art in the light of the following explanation of the accompanying drawings illustrating whati now believe to be the preferred embodiments and mechanical expressions from among other formations, arrangements and constructions vwithin the spirit and scope of the invention.

An object of the invention is to provide what might be termed an automatic machine for cutting key blanks to form keys for pin tubler locks, and foi other purposes,

' wherein various improved adjustments and proved machinewil].

features are embodied with the ends in view of attaining accuracy, speed and durability. A further object oi the invention is to provide certain. improvements in the construction, arrangement and combinations of parts whereby a highly efficient and imbe produced for duplicating keys and other articles.

' A further object of the invention is to provide a machine for cutting key blanks to duplicate pattern keys, or the like, and wherein a feed carriage is automatically driven from and parallel with the axis of rotation of the cutting tool and carries a pattern and blank carriage automatically movable toward and from said tool or radially with respect thereto.

The invention consists in certain novel features in construction and in combinations and arrangements as more fully and particularly set forth and specified hereinafter.

Referring to the accompanying drawings:Figure l, is 'a perspective of the machine, in operation duplicating a key.

Fig. '2, is a top plan of the machine as it ap-,

pears in Fig. 1. Fig. 3, is a bottom plan of the machine. Fi l, is a. side elevation. Fig. 2. Fig. 6, is a cross section on the line 6 6, Fig. 2. Fig. 7, is a longitudinal section on the line 7-4, Fig. 2. Fig. 8, is a detail per- S'pecification of Letters Patent.

5, is a cross section on\ the line 55', Fig.

Patented Dec. 21, 1915.

Application filed September 6, 1913. Serial No. 788,460.

spective of certain parts showing the same separated. Fig. 9, is a detail elevation of a portion of the machine showing a modified construction. Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13 and ll, are detail views of various parts of the machine.

In the specific example illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the operating parts carried by a hollow base 1, on-one end of which the hollow head stock 2, is rigidly scoured. The arbor 3, carrying the rotary milling or other suitable cutting tool 4-, is carried by and mounted in said head stock, and is provided with any suitable driving means for driving the arbor by hand or by power asmay be desired. For instance, I show the arbor provided with driving pulley 5, which if so desired can be provided with handle I show the arbor provided with a pair of opposed or oppositely tapered bearing cones-7, 8, engaging correspondingly tapered bearing surfaces of the head stock. The cone 7, is adjustable longitudinally of the arbor to take up wear, and. the arbor is provided with locking or jam nut 9, for locking said cone 7, in the desired adjustment. The cones are arranged at opposite stock is threaded to form a'screw or worm 10, for driving the feed carriage as hereinafter more fully described; The adjustable cone and its locking nut are accessible in the space between the driving wheel or pulley and the adjacent edge ofthe head stock. An exceedi ngly accurate and durable mounting for the arbor is thus provided, but I do not wish to limit my invention thereto, although I consider it one of the specifically desirable features thereof.

The top of the base is formed with a suitable guide or slideway 11, elevated above the general horizontal plane of the base top and arranged transversely across the same. This slideway is parallel with the longitudinal axis of the cutting tool arbor, and is located a suitable distance in advance of the head stock carrying said arbor.

A suitable feed carriage 12,. is arranged on and confined to the slideWa-y to reciprocate transversely of the base andlongitudinally of the slideway, and consequently the j pathjof movement of the feed carriage is 'p'aralleltwith the. longitudinal axis of the cutting' tool arbor. The slideway holds the feed carriage against lateral movement to- :ward and fromthe cutting tool and its arbor', as well as against vertical movement.

- head 14, that is, at the end thereof adjacent: to the cutting tool, I provide a clamp or The feed carriage is provided at its top or upper side with a guide or slideway 13,

extend ng completely across the carriage 10" from front to rear and hence arranged at right a igles or transversely with respect to the'sllde way to which the carriage 1s confined. A work-and-pattern-carrying head or carriage 14, is carried by and mounted on the feed carriage and is movable thereon toward and from the cutting tool. The head 14, is longitudinally elongated and in this instance 1 show the same comprising a flat horizontal elongated body or main plate confined in and at its ends projecting beyond the ends of the slideway. The longitudinal edge portions of said body of the head 14, are'beveled to fit under the overhanging edge'walls of the slideway 13 of the feed carriage, whereby the head is held against vertical and lateral movements with respect to the feed carriage and is confined to longitudinal sliding movement toward and frorn the cutting tool. I I

At the upper side of the rear end of the holderfor the key blank oi other article to he cut, while at the uppe side'of thefront end portion of the head, provide a clamp or holder for the pattern key or other article to be duplicated by the action ofthe cutting tool on the blank. These two holders are arranged in tandemlongitudinally of the head and are spaced a distance apart to receive a gage or stop fixed to the base and projecting laterally into the space between said'hol ders to engage the notched edge of the pattern key clamped by the front holder I and projecting rearwardly therefrom, and to thereby control the movement ofthe head toward the cuttin tool.

Suitable mec anism is provided constantly acting on the head to yieldingly hold the same toward the cutting tool and the pattern key edge against said stop or gage.

In the particular instance illustrated, this mechanism consists of a horizontal rock shaft 15, arranged transversely of the base and with respect tov the head and mounted in journal boxes 16, fixed to and rising from the front end of the base in advance of the front end ofthe head. This rock shaft is provided with a radial arm or toe 17, rigid therewith and rising therefrom and con .stantlypressed forward into engagement with the straight front edge of a horizontal flange 18, fixed to the front end of the head and arranged transversely thereof and projecting forwardly therefrom. The length of this flange is at least equal to the length of the feeding stroke of the feed carriage.

The rock shaft is provided with means constantly tending to rock the same in a direc-.

extending portion which can be provided with a weight 20, if so desired.'-

The feed carriage, carrying the head, s actuated on its feed stroke transversely of the base and from left to right (in the par ticular arrangement of Fig. 1) by the rotation of the cutting tool arbor through the medium of a rack and pinion and suitable I gearing operatively connecting the same to the worm 10, of the arbor. In the particular example illustrated, the head stock is fixed on and rises from the rear end. of the top of the base and is formed hollow and the "base top is formed with an opening registering with the cavity within the head stock. Within the head stock, I provide a vertically rotating worm gear 21, meshing with and rotated by the worm 10, of. the arbor, and this worm gear is provided with a pinion 22, fixed thereto and driven thereby. .The

worm gear and its pinion are carried'by and rotate on a horizontal stud 23, arranged longitudinally with respect to the base. This stud is adjustably secured at its front end to the front wall of the head stock by a nut 24, on the projecting threaded front end of the stud.- The front wall of the'head stock is formedwith a slot through which the stud end projects, and whereby the stud can be adjusted vertically'to maintain the desired operative'relation between the-worm gear and the Worm of the arbor.

- The worm gear pinion 22;is in constant mesh with a gear 25, loosely mounted 'on a horizontal feed shaft 26, arranged l0ngitudinally of and within the base and at its front endprovided with a pinion 27, rigid therewith. This pinion 27, is in constant mesh with a rack 28, fixed to the feed carriage and transversely arranged with respectto the bg se but longitudinally arranged with respect to said carriage. The rack bar is secured to the feed carriage through the medium of an angle plate or bracket29, ar-

ranged centrally of the carriage and bolted to the under side thereof and depending therefrom through a slot in the base top arranged longitudinally and centrally of'the slideway 11. The'rackbar 28, is arranged W1 the base and normally fixed to a dependmgwall of the base by bolts This -lo'bracketjis vertically and laterally adjustilable'to maintain thev desired operative position ofits gear and pinion with respect to qtpemin parts, .by' providing enlarged holes in-the bracket for thereception of the lsltransverse clamping bolts 32, that extend "through the bracket and screw into the base ..wall andclamp the bracket rigidly thereagainst. By loosening these .bolts the bra'cketca'n be shifted to a slight extent ver- ZQ' tic ally or longitudinally of the base to atrain the desired adjustment of the shaft 26. The gear 25, is loosely mounted on the longitudinal shaft QB, so that said shaft can rotate ,-Tl:'reely therein and independe tly thereoffand a suitable clutch device is pro- 'ided for locking said gear to said shaft'for driving the feed carriage on itsfeed stroke. For-instance, I show the gear 25, located between a collar 34, fixed on the shaft and ar rangedbetween the front side of the gear and the shaft carrying bracket, and a nut 35,""longitudinally adjustable on the screw threaded'rear end of the shaft and'pr'ojecting rearwardly through an openingi'n the depending rear wall of the base and proa ided-with a milled head 36,, exposed and accessible at the-exterior of the rear end'of the base?" By rotating this nut inone directlo'n, thev gear 25, will be clamped between 40 the-front end of the nut and said collar 34,

v ia'nd Will be-thereby locked .to the shaft and s will drive the shaft. By rotating the nut in the 'opposite' direction, the gear 'will be released from the shaft so that the feed carriage can be moved by hand on its return fstroke and toward the left (arrangement of Fig. 1)' to thepointor limit from which the carriage starts on its feed stroke; lVhen the carriage has completed a feed stroke, the nut 35, is loosened and the carriage. is moved aback by hand on its return'stroke, and the shaft 26, freely spins infthe gear 25. vVhen the carriage has thus been returned to. the starting pointythe nut is tightened to lock thegear tothe shaft to drive the carriage won its food stroke when the cutting tool arbor is actuated.

Thexwork or blank holder A and the key or pattern holder-B, are similar in constructiongand adjustment and in fact are inter- R changeable, although separately inanipulated in opening, closing and adjustment. I These holders are arranged to hold the key a, and blank' thin horizontal positions and 6 in-parallelism and arranged transversely of threaded socket oi the seat.

the head and longitudinally with respect to the direction of movement of the feed carriage and parallel with the axis of rotation of the cutting tool. The blank holder maintains the blank projecting rearwardly therefrom with its longitudinal edge against thecutting edge of the cutting tool, while the key holder maintains the key with its notched edge exposed rearwardly beyond said key holder and in engagement with the edge of the gage or stop, and as s'aid two holders are arranged in tandem, the key and blank are alined and held in a common horizontal plane, although I do not so Wish to limit all features of my invention. i

The body plate of the head carrying the holders A, B, is formed rigid with elevated seats or bases 37, for said holders, respectively. These seats are similar, and each is formed with a central vertical screw thread- 5 ed socket, a flat horizontal topface, and a surrounding depressed shoulder 38. The clamp of each holder consists of a lower rectangular plate or jaw 39, having acentral vertical bolt hole, an upper rectangular 99 plate or jaw 40, having a central vertical olt hole, and a clamping bolt or screw ll, passing down through said holes and into said socket and at its upper end having a suitable head whereby the screw can be rota-ted to tighten or loosen the clamp or to remove thescrew therefrom if need be.

The lower jaw or plate 39, removably rests horizontally on its seat 37, and at its under side is formed with depending edges 100 l2, to engage the depressed shoulders 38, and thereby center the'jaw on the seat with the bolt hole of the jaw alined with the The shoulders 38, and edges l2, are so arranged that byslightly lifting the jaw (when the clamping screwis unscrewed to the necessary extent) to carry the edges above the seat; the jawcan be turned horizontally about the screw to present either end thereof at the clampedge of the jaw, while the opposite end of the jaw is formed with a rib 46, parallel "with the grooves l i, and'rouiuled or semi-cyliir drical "-in cross section and separated from the adjacent groove ell, by an intervening depression.

The upper jaw l0, at its under side has a" pair of V-grooves ll, corresponding tothe grooves al, of the lower awand adapted to 1.3

co-incide therewith. At one end, the under side of the upper jaw is "formed with a rounded rib 46, similar to the rib 46, and

at its opposite end, the under side of the .upper jaw is formed with a flat surface 45,

adapted to co-incide with the depressed seat rocks on an axis or fulcrum inclampmg the key or blank. To accomplish this result and yet permit reversal of either of the jaws of a clamp, I provide each clamp with 'a removable cylindrical fulcrum pin49,

provided with end heads 50. This fulcrum pin rests in the V-groove at the front end of the lower jaw, while the corresponding V- groove at the front end of the upper jaw receives said pin and the upper jaw is rockable thereon to bring its rear end into and from clamping relation with respect to the rear end of the lower jaw. The end heads 50, engage the vertical side edge'sof. both jaws and maintain said"jaws accurately in alinement, Each jau is provided ,with \lgrooves at its opposite ends so that either or both jaws can be reversed to present either end at the rear or clamping position.

Therounded ribs 46, 46", of the jaws are provided to enter the grooves cut longitudinally of and in thesides of mostkeys for pin tumbler locks. Keysfor some pin tumbler locks have these grooves on one side, while keys for other pin tumbler locks have said grooves on the other side, and the grooves .in-. keys for diflerent locks vary in 1 width, depth and cross sectionalformation,

while keys for some .pintumbler locks are not provided with side grooves, and some I keys have longitudinal grooveson both sides but located at'difi'erent distances from the rear edges of the keys.

When a key without side grooves is to be duplicated, the jaws of the two holders.

A,-'B, are arranged so that the ends of the two lower jaws having the depressed seats 1 and shoulders 45, are at the rear clampingv positions, and the ends-of the upper jaws having the flat'fac'es 4 5",are at the rear vfj l..c,-la mping positions see Fig. 12. "The key "an-dthe blank are then placed on the seats of the lower. jaws of their respective holders wi a; eir rear edges against the shoulders an the screws of the holders are then d'fo rock the upper jaws and bring re r ends tightly down on the upper es tf'the key and lank with" their flat 1 lii engaging y 'e same, whereby the screws are tightened to lock the key the edge of the which said edge sh 'verselwith key and blank will be both rigidly held and the rear projection of the edge of the blank 4 will be the same as that of the key by reason of the shoulders -15, against which the blank and key are set. 1

When a key having a longitudinalgroove .in its upper side adjacent to its rear edge is to be duplicated, the jaws of the holdersbeing in the positions above mentioned, to receive a grooveless key and blank, the upper jaws of the holders are reversed,

turned end for end, to present their rounded- -ribs 46', at the rear and above the flat seats of the lower jaws see Fig. 13. -Thekey and blank are then placed on the flat seats of the lower. jaws and the upper jaws are rocked so that their rounded ribs will enter said longitudinal grooves near the rear edges of the key and blank and the clamping and blank in the desired positions.

-'When the key to be duplicated'hasthe longitudinal groove near its rear edge at the under side of the key when the keyis in I.

position in the clamp, both jaws 0 eachholder are reversed to bring the front ends to the rear, the fulcrum pins being 'first removed and then 're-inserted, theflat faces of the upper jaws will then beabove the rounded ribs of the lower jaws at the rear ends of the holders, see Fig-14:, and the key and blank can be inserted and clamped.

l f In order to produce an accurate'duplication of a pin tumbler lock key, itis necessary to gage from-the centers of the longitudinal grooves in the sides of the keys so that the tea bottoms of the notches out in the blank will measure the same distances from the centers of'the longitudinal grooves as in the pattern a Q key. For this reason, among others, I provide the JELWS. of the holders withthe ribs to enter said side grooves and thereby clamp the key and blank against the opposing jaws,

and I form said ribs rounded so'that they Will automatically find the centers of said longitudinal grooves whatever the formation or dimensions of'said limits.

readily removed from the machine and other jaws substituted to receive and-properly holdeother patterns and blanks for, wllf'ic the present jaws may. not be adapted;

The controller, gage or stop against which.- patternkey is held andalong "d which thereby.

radial posit-hm" controls and determgnesffli of 'thehead with respect to'the eutt consists of a horizonta disposed or block am s-age e a he-ass;--

of rotatio the; e

grooves, within certain The jaws of the holders can be adjustedtoproperly fit and clamp pintumbler -.*l0ck keys and blanks of various types and forma t1ons, and furthermore said jaws can; be;

end this gage is clamped or otherwise fixed to a rigid post 53, rising from the left hand side of the base beyond the end of the slideway 11, and said gage extends laterally, toward the right, from said post a distance above the head. and between the holders thereof. At its free end or extremity, this gage is formed with a forwardly projecting beveled blade, tooth or edge 54, to engage the edge of the key and across which said edge of the key slides or travels. The right hand side of this tooth 5i, is preferably flat, while the opposite side thereof is preferably beveled for obvious reasons. I

Suitable means are provided whereby the gage arm can be bodily adjustable toward and from the cutting tool, and also whereby said arm can be bodily adjustable transversely of the base, that is parallel with the axis of rotation of thecuttingtool. To accomplish these results, I show the gage arm when in operative adjustment, fixedly secured and clamped by a headed bolt or screw 55, passing down through an enlarged bolt hole 56, in the left hand or secured end of the arm, and through a block 57, and into a vertical screw threaded socket in the post 53. The block 57, is loosely interposed and clamped between the postand the underside of the block and upper end of the post are formed with an intermeshing tongue and groove 58, arranged transversely with respect to the length of the arm to permit bodily adjustment of the arm toward or from the axis of rotation of the cutting tool. when the clamping bolt 55,. is loosened. During this adjustment the block 5?, slides on the post and the arm moves with the block. The upper side of the block 57., and the under. side of the secured end of the gage arm are formed with an interineshing tongue and groove 59, arranged longitudinally with respect to the gage arm so that the gage arm-can be adjusted longitudinally to more its tooth 5+, to the right or left, when the screw 55. is loosened and the arm is moved tothe right or left'on the block 51'.

The tongue and groove connections between the gage arm and block and between the'block and post rigidly hold and brace the gage arm in the desired adjustment and against play or movement under the action of the head.

When a key is to be duplicated, the feed carriage is moved to the starting position, as shown in lfig. 1, properly clamped in the forward holder with the handle of the key to the right of the holder and with the shouldcr of the key engaging the right hand, flat, side face or free end of the gage arm. The bl'ankto be cut is cm'respondingly arranged and clamped in the rear holder with the shoulder otithe' blank against the right hand. or fiat side of-the cutting tool. The nut 35, is then and gage arm,

" stroke of the feed carriage.

and the pattern key is fications, and

turnedup tight to operatively connect the arbor and the longitudinal feed shaft, and the machine is thereupon ready for opera-' tion. The arbor-is actuated by hand, or by power, to rotate the cutting tool in the proper direction and the feed carriage is thereby automatically propelled on its feed stroke toward the right. i k

The feed carriage carries the head toward the rightand hence thekey and the blank are moved lengthwise or longitudinally across the {rage and the cutting took lhe freely movable head being constantly pressed toward the cutting tool and the notch d edge of the key is thereby held constantly pressed againstthe beveled tooth of the while the edge of the blank is constantly held pressed against the cutting tool. The moven'ient of the head toward and from the cutting; tool follows the irregu larities or notches in thetey edge and hence said notches are exactly duplicated in the edge of the blank by the cutting tool. The beveled tooth of the gage acts as a cam on tho notched edge of drawn longitudinally, permits the head to move toward the cutter and presses the head away from the cutter, as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art. The arrangement is such that the blank edge will he cut to duplicate the key edge by a single operation of the feed carriage. that is. a blank will be cut by. a continuous operation during one feed The machine will duplicate keys having V-shaped notches as well as keys having U-shaped notches, as will be readily understood. Whenthe feed stroke is completed, the clutch nut 35, is 105 loosened and the carriage moved back to the starting point by hand. and the clamps are opened and the duplicated kevs removed.

it obvious that the sliding head can be constantly pressed to\\'ard.the cutting tool by a spring device instead of theweight mechanism hercinhefore described. For instance, a plate spring can he fixed on the base with its free rcarwardly springing end bearing against the front edge of flange L8, instead of the weighted lever see Fig.9, or a coiled spring mightho coupled to the rock shaft to hold the toe 17, against the flange 18. and pressing the head rearwardly, in-

stead of the weighted lever.

By employing the upper jaws of the holdcrs with arched or conrexed upper surfaces. the heads of the (-lai'nping'screws will al- 'ays hear down centrally thereon even though different keys or blanks yary in tl1icl ness,an l hence the draft or stra'in will the key as-the same is across said tooth, and

always be centrally and longitudinally of the screws. I

It IS evident that various changes, moth: 'ariations mighthe resorted to in the forms, constructions and arrangements described, that features might be omitted and structures added, without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention as defined bythe appended claims and-hence I do not wish to limit myself to the exact disclosures hereof. v

Desiring to protect my invention in the broadest manner legally possible, what I claimisz- 1'; A key duplicating machinecomprising a rotary cutting tool and its arbor, a feed carriage having a path of movement parallel with said arbor, a freely slidable head 'carried by said carriage and movable to ward and from the cutting portion of'said tool, means m'de endent of said carria e for constantly and yieldingly pressing said head toward said tool. a pattern holder carried by said head, a blank holder carried by said head" a fixed gage arranged to cooperate with the pattern in controlling the movement of said head toward and from said tool, and

feed mechanism operatively connectingsaid arbor and said carriage.

A key duplicating machine comprising a rotary cutting tool. a feed carriage movable on its feed stroke in a direction paral- 10! with the axis of rotation of said tool.

means for simultaneously rotating said outting tool and actuating said carriage on'its feed stroke. a head carried by said carriage and movable thereon imlepcndeutly thereof toward and from said tool and provided with means to hold a blank to bc-cut in a position parallel with the direction of moveqnenl of said feed carriage and in position to be operated on by said tool. and also provided' with means to hold a pattern in a position parallel \vitlrsaid blank. and a gage 40 arm fixed with respect to said carriage and head and having abeveled tooth in engagement with the edge of said pattern to be duplicated.

3. kev duplicating machine comprising a base provided with a head stock. an arbor mounted in said head stock and provided with actuating means and also provided with a a rotary cutting tool. said arbor being provided with a pair of oppositely arranged con bearings andsaid'head stock being provided with opposite conical bearing surfaces receiving said cones. one of said cones being: adjustable on said arbor and being accessible at the exterior of said head stock. said arbor bcingiormed with a worm between said cones, a feed carriage movable on said base, mechanism for actuating said carriage 'on its feed stroke. said mechanism being opcrati'vely connected with said worm. said carriage -|)1'O\'l(l((l with means to hold a blank to be: cut in operative position with respect to said cutting tool. and controlling means determining the position of the blank with respect to the/tool.

4. A key duplicating machine comprisingcwnncctions from said means, said base provided with a slide way parallel ,with said arbor, a feed carriage confined to said slide way and slidable longitudinally thereof, feed mechanism operatively connecting said arbor and said carriage to actuate said carria e on its feed stroke by the rotation of sai arbor, a head. carried by said carria e and provided with pattern and blank holt ers, said. head having a movement independently of said carriage and being constantly and'yieldingly pressed in one direction, and a gage carried by the base and cooperatino' withthe pattern to fiontirol the independent movement of the A key duplicating machine embodying a feed carriage to carry the pattern and blank longitudinally during the cutting operation, a cutting tool, gearing connecting said tool and said carriage to' automatically actuatethe carriage on its feed strokes, anda head mounted on said carriage and prorid'ed with pattern and blank holders and having an independent movement to carry' the blank and pattern transversel during the cutting operation said head having means constantly and yieldingly pressing. the same toward operative position, sub'- stantially as described.

(3. A key duplicating machine comprising a base. an arbor provided with and driving a rotary cutting; tool and formed with a Worm, a feed carriagea head carried by said carriage and movable thereon toward and from said tool and provided with pattern and blank holders." a gage to coi'iperate with the pattern carried by said head to control the movement thereof toward said tool, and: aiaanged longitudinally of and secured to said carriage for actuating the same on its feed stroke. a rotaryieed shaft having a pinion meshing with said rack to drive the same. a worm gear in mesh with and actu ated by aid worm, and. operative driving worm gear to said shaft.

7. A key duplicating machine comprising a base. an arbor provided with and driving 'a rotary cutting'tool. a feed carriage can ried by said has? and provided with and carrymg a head having an independent movement transversely of the direction of feed of said carriage, said head provided with means for holding the pattern' and blank during, the. cutting operation, means for con trolling the independent movement of the head during the cutting operation according to the edge of the pattern to be duplicated. and actuating gearing from said arbor to said iced cal-Piaget 8. A key duplicating machine comprising a base, an'arbor provided with and driving sponding end portions of the jaws, one of the jaws being rockable on said pin.

19'. A key' duplicating machine embodying a head provided with a pattern holder and with aholder consisting of a pair of separate removable block like jaws, and a headed clamping bolt passing loosely andap'proximately centrallytherethrough and into said head to clamp the jaws together and thereto, each jaw at one-end of its inner face having a straight rounded rib extending thereacross and at the opposite end of its inner face having a flat surface, said jaws being separately reversible end for end.

20. In a key duplicating machine and the like, a'pattern holder and alcorresp'onding blank holder, said holders being similar and interchangeable, and a head, said holderstogrip a pattern, and a gage to coi'iperate with said pattern.

22. A key duplicating machine and the like, provided with a holder comprising a jaw rockable on a transverse axis and having a longitudinally convcxed'outer surface,-

said .jaw' being reversible end. for end, and

holder operating means engaging said convexed surface of the aw and torcmg the jaw to clamp the work. v i

23. A key duplicatingmachine and the like, provided with a holder consisting of a pair of ja\vs'separatcly and independently reversible end for end.'und holder operating means fora tuating the same. to grip an artic'le. between said jaws. each jaw provided at itsiopposite ends withdifi'rrentgri 'iping surfaces, substantially as described.

2-1. A keyduplicating michine and. the like, provided with a holder embodying a .rockable jaw. and a holder operatjngdevice foractuatmg said jawto ,Q'I'IP the work.

the gripping face of said jaw formed with a transversely rounded key or blank centering ri'b arranged to enter the longitudinal side groovie of;a key or blank, substantially as described.

25. A key duplicating machine and the like, provided .with a holder comprising .a rockable block-like jaw having a transverse bolt hole approximately midwaybetween its ends.and .a clamping bolt extending through said hole for actuating the jaw to clampv the l work, said' jaw being reversible end for end on said bolt, said jaw having differently formed clamping facesjat its opposite end I portions. j i

26. A key duplicating machine and the like, embodying a head provided with aholder consisting ot'a pair of separate re-' movable block-like jaws. and a clamping bolt passing loosely and approximately ceiitrally therethrough and into'said head a; clamp the jaws together and to the head, said jaws being separately reveisible around said bolt end-for eiid, substantially as described.

27. In a keyduplicating machine and the l ke, a head provided with a holder having' 'a lower clamping member and a rounded .fulcrum arranged transversely of one end portion thereof, an upper removable block-- like clamping jawreversible'end for end and adapted to rock on said fulcrum,- and'oper ating means for said holder adapted to actuate said jaw to clamp the work against said I member, said jaw having transversegrooves at the undersides of its end portions to receive said fulcrum. i

28. In a key duplicating machine and the like, a head provided with a holder having iippe and lower clamping jaws. aclamping screw passing transversely and removably through said jaws to operate the holder. said jaws having grooves across their inner faces, and a removable fulcrum pin in said grooves and on which the upper jaw is rockable, said .pin having heads at the exteriors of said jaws to engage the edges thereof and center the jaws. I I

25). In a duplicating apparatus. in combination. a cutting tool. a head movable freely toward and from said tool; means yield-ingly holding said head"towai 'd said tool, feeding mechanism whereby the tool and head are relatively movable on the feed stroke transversely of said path of movement of the head toward and from the tool. a work holder mounted' on the end ofthe head adjacent to'said tool. a pattern holder unodnted on the head in front of and spaced from said work. holder and 'ren'iote from the tool, and a gage fixed with respect to said-head and its holdersand extending over the head between said holders to (-0- operate with the pattern carried by said I pattern holder in control]ingthe movement of the head toward and from the tool.

30. A key"duplicating machine compris i. mg a rotaryrutting tool. a. feed carr age .movable. on its feed stroke in -'a direction parallel with the axis'of rotation of said tool. means for sinmltaneously rotating said cutting tool and actuating said carriage'onits feed stroke whereby tlmj-speed' of the ca l'l'lflfl on its feedsti'olre bears a fixed relation to the speed of rotation of said tool,

said carriage provided with means to hold a blank to be cut in a position parallel with the direction of movement of said feed carriageand in position to be operated on by saidtool, and also provided with'means to hold a pattern in a position parallel with said blank, and a gage fixed with respect to said carriage and head and having a beveled tooth in engagement with the edge of said pattern to be duplicated.

31-. A key duplicating machine, comprising a rotary cutting tool, a feed carriage movable on its feed stroke in a direction parallel with the axis of rotation of saidtool, means for simultaneously rotating paid 1; cutting tool and actuating said carriage on its feed stroke whereby the speed of the carriage on its feed stroke bears a fixed relation to the speed of rotation of said tool, said means embodying manually controlled mechanism whereby said carriage can be operatively disconnected for return by hand, said carriage provided with means to hold a blank to be cut in a position parallel with the direction of movement of said feed car- -riage and in position to be operated on by said tool, and also provided with means to hold a pattern in a position parallel withv I EDWARl) HOERNEL. Witnesses C. S. BEEBE, C. M. SMITH.

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