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US10088172B2 - Oven using structured air - Google Patents

Oven using structured air Download PDF

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Publication number
US10088172B2
US10088172B2 US15/224,319 US201615224319A US10088172B2 US 10088172 B2 US10088172 B2 US 10088172B2 US 201615224319 A US201615224319 A US 201615224319A US 10088172 B2 US10088172 B2 US 10088172B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
air
cooking cavity
structured
air inlets
oven
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US15/224,319
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US20180031250A1 (en
Inventor
Philip R. McKee
Lee Thomas VanLanen
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Alto Shaam Inc
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Alto Shaam Inc
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Priority to US15/224,319 priority Critical patent/US10088172B2/en
Assigned to APPLIANCE INNOVATION, INC. reassignment APPLIANCE INNOVATION, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MCKEE, PHILIP R, VANLANEN, LEE THOMAS
Assigned to ALTO-SHAAM, INC. reassignment ALTO-SHAAM, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: APPLIANCE INNOVATION, INC.
Priority to US15/426,620 priority patent/US10088173B2/en
Priority to EP17835083.1A priority patent/EP3491297B1/en
Priority to BR112019001685-6A priority patent/BR112019001685B1/en
Priority to ES17835083T priority patent/ES2910825T3/en
Priority to PCT/US2017/043593 priority patent/WO2018022545A1/en
Priority to CN201780046747.2A priority patent/CN109690196B/en
Publication of US20180031250A1 publication Critical patent/US20180031250A1/en
Priority to US16/148,291 priority patent/US10890336B2/en
Publication of US10088172B2 publication Critical patent/US10088172B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to US17/126,627 priority patent/US11754294B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/32—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens
    • F24C15/322—Arrangements of ducts for hot gases, e.g. in or around baking ovens with forced circulation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21B—BAKERS' OVENS; MACHINES OR EQUIPMENT FOR BAKING
    • A21B1/00—Bakers' ovens
    • A21B1/02—Bakers' ovens characterised by the heating arrangements
    • A21B1/24—Ovens heated by media flowing therethrough
    • A21B1/26—Ovens heated by media flowing therethrough by hot air

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cooking ovens in general, and in particular to a convection or combi oven using structured air inlets to introduce air into a cooking cavity.
  • An oven generally includes a cooking cavity configured to receive food items for cooking.
  • the oven also includes a heating element, which can be an electric resistance element or a gas burner, for generating heat energy to cook any food items placed within an oven cavity.
  • Some ovens may include an air blower, such as a fan, for forcing movement of heated air within the oven cavity, and those ovens are commonly referred to as convection ovens.
  • convection ovens that have the ability to introduce moisture into the heated air stream are commonly referred to as “combi” ovens, the term convection oven used herein is understood by those skilled in the art to include both convection and combi ovens.
  • heated air within the cooking cavity is circulated by a fan.
  • the fan initiates a flow of heated air by pulling air in a generally horizontal direction from the cooking cavity through one or more openings (“return air openings”) which are typically disposed on a rear wall of the cooking cavity.
  • return air openings openings
  • the heated air is forced by the fan into the cooking cavity through one or more of the walls of the cook cavity, such as the left and right side walls.
  • the heated air moves through the cooking cavity in a generally horizontal direction to help distribute heat energy to food articles placed within the cooking cavity.
  • Air impingement is a special form of convection cooking whereby air enters the cook cavity through openings (“air inlets”) in one or more flat panels (“jet plates”) typically disposed along the top and bottom walls of the cook cavity.
  • openings are typically in the form of small holes (e.g., 0.5 inch in diameter) placed in such a way that the heated air moving through adjacent holes forms adjacent air columns directed towards the upper and lower surfaces of food articles placed in the cooking cavity.
  • air is typically moving at a higher velocity than the air moving in typical convection ovens.
  • these columns of rapidly moving heated air would cause spotting on the food surface if the food were not moving relative to the jet plates.
  • An example of the heating system and food movement of a typical air impingement oven can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,679,542 to Smith et al.
  • a plurality of linearly extended air inlets may reduce or eliminate spotting in ovens where reduced cook times are desired but food is not moved relative to the jet plates.
  • the linearly extended air inlets need to have a significant vertical dimension, substantially increasing the height or size of the oven, which is not desirable for commercial kitchens where convection ovens are most often used.
  • An example of linearly extended air inlets with significant vertical dimension can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 8,026,463 to McKee et al.
  • a jet plate 100 has a plurality of air inlets 101 , each in the form of a narrow slot having two substantially parallel edges 102 of equal length.
  • air frictions generated at the edges of a narrow slot reduce the volume of the air passing through the slot.
  • widening the slot to increase the air volume would then reduce the velocity of the air passing through, thereby decreasing cook speed.
  • Another problem of using a slot as an air inlet is that, because air passes through an opening in a relatively thin plate, the slot by itself cannot provide the level of air directionality that may be necessary to penetrate the temperature gradients (boundary layers) surrounding the food articles being cooked in the cooking cavity. Accordingly, a convection oven using slots as air inlets is not effective in accelerating the cooking process in the cooking cavity.
  • a jet plate for directing a flow of air into a cooking cavity of an oven comprises a body configured to be disposed along a top wall or a bottom wall of the cooking cavity, wherein the body comprises a front end disposed proximate to a front of the cooking cavity, a rear end disposed proximate to a rear of the cooking cavity, and left and right ends disposed proximate respectively to left and right sides of the cooking cavity, and one or more structured air inlets that are openings through the body, each of the structured air inlets comprising a plurality of holes and slots that are alternatingly arranged and serially connected.
  • the jet plate is configured to separate the cooking cavity from an air plenum of the oven and enable air to be introduced into the cooking cavity from the air plenum.
  • the body is a substantially rectangular shaped, flat plate.
  • each of the structured air inlets extends along a substantially straight line.
  • each of the slots comprises two substantially parallel straight edges having substantially equal lengths.
  • edges of each of the holes form substantially circular arcs.
  • a width of each of the slots is smaller than a diameter of each of the holes.
  • a length of each of the slots is greater than a diameter of each of the holes.
  • a number of the holes is greater than a number of the slots in at least one of the structured air inlets.
  • At least one of the structured air inlets begins with a hole and ends with a hole.
  • each of the structured air inlets extends longitudinally in parallel to a direction from the front end of the body to the rear end of the body.
  • each of the structured air inlets extends transversely in parallel to a direction from the left end of the body to the right end of the body.
  • each of the structured air inlets extends diagonally in parallel to a direction from where the left and front ends of the body meet to where the right and rear ends of the body meet.
  • each of the structured air inlets extends diagonally in parallel to a direction from where the right and front ends of the body meet to where the left and rear ends of the body meet.
  • all of the structured air inlets are substantially identical in size and dimension.
  • the holes in at least one of the structured air inlets are different in size.
  • the hole disposed proximate to one of the left and right ends of the body is larger in size than the hole disposed proximate to the other one of the left and right ends of the body in at least one of the structured air inlets.
  • the one or more structured air inlets comprise a first structured air inlet disposed proximate to one of the front and rear ends of the body and a second structured air inlet disposed proximate to the other one of the front and rear ends of the body, the holes in the first structured air inlet being larger in size than the holes in the second structured air inlet.
  • the one or more structured air inlets comprise two or more substantially parallel structured air inlets and a spacing between adjacent ones of the structured air inlets is configured to avoid a gap or an overlap between coverages of air flows from the adjacent structured air inlets on a food product in the cooking cavity.
  • An oven comprising a cooking cavity configured to receive a food product, a fan, an air plenum configured to receive air from the fan, and a jet plate configured to separate the cooking cavity from the air plenum and direct a flow of the air from the air plenum into the cooking cavity, the jet plate comprising a body configured to be disposed along a top wall or a bottom wall of the cooking cavity, wherein the body comprises a front end disposed proximate to a front of the cooking cavity, a rear end disposed proximate to a rear of the cooking cavity, and left and right ends disposed proximate respectively to left and right sides of the cooking cavity, and one or more structured air inlets that are openings through the body, each of the structured air inlets comprising a plurality of holes and slots that are alternatingly arranged and serially connected.
  • the body is a substantially rectangular shaped, flat plate.
  • each of the structured air inlets extends along a substantially straight line.
  • each of the slots comprises two substantially parallel straight edges having substantially equal lengths.
  • edges of each of the holes form substantially circular arcs.
  • a width of each of the slots is smaller than a diameter of each of the holes.
  • a length of each of the slots is greater than a diameter of each of the holes.
  • a number of the holes is greater than a number of the slots in at least one of the structured air inlets.
  • At least one of the structured air inlets begins with a hole and ends with a hole.
  • each of the structured air inlets extends longitudinally in parallel to a direction from the front end of the body to the rear end of the body.
  • each of the structured air inlets extends transversely in parallel to a direction from the left end of the body to the right end of the body.
  • each of the structured air inlets extends diagonally in parallel to a direction from where the left and front ends of the body meet to where the right and rear ends of the body meet.
  • each of the structured air inlets extends diagonally in parallel to a direction from where the right and front ends of the body meet to where the left and rear ends of the body meet.
  • all of the structured air inlets are substantially identical in size and dimension.
  • the holes in at least one of the structured air inlets are different in size.
  • the hole disposed proximate to one of the left and right ends of the body is larger in size than the hole disposed proximate to the other one of the left and right ends of the body in at least one of the structured air inlets.
  • the one or more structured air inlets comprise a first structured air inlet disposed proximate to one of the front and rear ends of the body and a second structured air inlet disposed proximate to the other one of the front and rear ends of the body, the holes in the first structured air inlet being larger in size than the holes in the second structured air inlet.
  • the oven further comprises one or more return air openings, wherein the holes of the structured air inlets disposed proximate to the one or more return air openings are smaller in size than the holes of the structured air inlets disposed proximate to an opposite side of the one or more return air openings.
  • one portion of the air plenum has a greater air pressure than other portions of the air plenum and the holes of the structured air inlets disposed proximate to the one portion of the air plenum are smaller in size than the holes of the structured air inlets disposed proximate to the other portions of the air plenum.
  • the one or more structured air inlets in the jet plate comprise two or more substantially parallel structured air inlets and a spacing between adjacent ones of the structured air inlets is configured to avoid a gap or an overlap between coverages of air flows from the adjacent structured air inlets on the food product in the cooking cavity.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view of a jet plate for a conventional oven
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of a structured air inlet in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is an isometric view of air flowing downward from the structured air inlet from FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a jet plate comprising a plurality of structured air inlets in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is an isometric view of air flowing downward from an array of structured air inlets in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is an isometric view of a convection oven in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side view of the convection oven from FIG. 6 ;
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-section side view of the convection oven from FIG. 6 , depicting air paths in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a top view of a jet plate comprising a plurality of structured air inlets in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • structured air inlet 200 for introducing air into a cooking cavity of a convection oven in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • structured air inlet 200 comprises holes 201 and slots 202 that are alternatingly arranged and serially connected (e.g., interconnected hole, slot, hole, slot, . . . , hole, as shown in FIG. 2 ).
  • a structured air inlet begins with a hole portion at one end and ends with a hole portion at the opposite end, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 3 provides an isometric view of such a structured formation of air flowing downward from structured air inlet 200 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • air can flow upward from a structured air inlet.
  • the air passing through slot portions 202 forms moving air sheets 302 , each having a trapezoidal prism-like structure with the base area being larger than the top area.
  • Each of air sheets 302 is accompanied on both sides by adjacent moving air columns 301 , each having a truncated cone-like structure with the base area being larger than the top area, which are formed by the air passing through adjacent hole portions 201 .
  • the moving air columns 301 help accelerate the moving air sheets 302 .
  • structured air inlet 200 has no substantial vertical dimension, it can still create air flows 301 , 302 with a sufficient level of directionality to penetrate the temperature gradients surrounding the food item being cooked in the cooking cavity, thereby improving cooking speed and cooking efficiency of a convection oven.
  • the speed and volume of air flow passing through structured air inlet 200 are not substantially affected by air frictions at the slot edges.
  • structured air inlet 200 in this exemplary embodiment extends along a substantially straight line.
  • a structured air inlet in alternative embodiments may comprise holes and slots that are arranged alternatingly and serially connected in a triangle wave or sawtooth wave-like manner.
  • edges 203 of each of hole portions 201 of structured air inlet 200 may form substantially circular arcs.
  • edges of a hole portion of a structured air inlet may be at least partly elliptical or polygonal.
  • Each of slot portions 202 of structured air inlet 200 may comprise two substantially parallel straight edges 204 having substantially equal lengths, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • edges of a slot portion of a structured air inlet may not be parallel or straight.
  • the distance between two opposite edges 204 of slot portion 202 is generally smaller than the distance between two opposite edges 203 of hole portion 201 (or “diameter” of a hole portion).
  • the length of slot portion 202 is generally greater than the diameter of hole portion 201 .
  • structured air inlet 200 in FIG. 2 comprises holes 201 of substantially same size and dimension and slots 202 of substantially same size and dimension
  • a structured air inlet in alternative embodiments may comprise holes of different sizes and dimensions and/or slots of different sizes and dimensions, as further discussed below.
  • structured air inlet 200 comprises five hole portions 201 and four slot portions 202 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention does not limit the number of hole portions and the number of slot portions in a structured air inlet to certain fixed numbers.
  • a structured air inlet may comprise 8 hole portions and 7 slot portions.
  • a structured air inlet may comprise 2 hole portions and a single slot portion.
  • the number of hole portions is greater than the number of slot portions by one, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a jet plate 400 for directing a flow of air into a cooking cavity of a convection oven in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • Jet plate 400 comprises a body 401 and one or more structured air inlets 200 of FIG. 2 , which are formed as openings through body 401 .
  • body 401 of jet plate 400 may be configured to be disposed along a top wall or a bottom wall of a cooking cavity of the oven (not shown).
  • body 401 of jet plate 400 defines a top wall or a bottom wall of a cooking cavity.
  • jet plate 400 when jet plate 400 comprises multiple structured air inlets 200 , the structured air inlets may be arranged in a parallel formation and the spacing between any two adjacent structured air inlets may be substantially identical.
  • the spacing between two adjacent structured air inlets may also be designed to avoid a gap or an overlap between coverages of air flows from the two adjacent structured air inlets on a food product placed within the cooking cavity. If the structured air inlets are spaced too far apart, there are gaps in coverages of air flow on the food product such that, for example, portions of the food product proximate to the structured air inlets would become darker compared to the areas on the food product in the gap that receive no directed air flow. On the other hand, if the structured air inlets are spaced too close to each other, then coverages of air flows from two adjacent structured air inlets overlap on the food product, causing a darker stripe on the food product where the overlap occurs.
  • the spacing between the structured air inlets is designed to avoid gaps or overlaps in coverages of air flow from the two adjacent structured air inlets that would cause such striping on a food product.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an array of optimally spaced structured air inlets 450 which produces a substantially even coverage 460 of air flows without any gap or overlap in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • jet plate 400 may be configured to separate the cooking cavity from an air plenum (not shown) located above or below the cooking cavity and enable air to be introduced into the cooking cavity from the air plenum.
  • body 401 of jet plate 400 may be a substantially rectangular shaped, flat plate.
  • body 401 may comprise a front end 402 disposed proximate to a front of the cooking cavity, a rear end 403 disposed proximate to a rear of the cooking cavity, a left end 404 disposed proximate to a left side of the cooking cavity, and a right end 405 disposed proximate to a right side of the cooking cavity.
  • each of structured air inlets 200 may extend transversely in parallel to a direction from left end 404 to right end 405 of body 401 .
  • each of structured air inlets 200 may extend longitudinally in parallel to a direction extending from front end 402 to rear end 403 of body 401 ; or diagonally in parallel to a direction extending from where left end 404 and front end 402 of body 401 meet to where right end 405 and rear end 403 of body 401 meet; or diagonally in parallel to a direction extending from where right end 405 and front end 402 of body 401 meet to where left end 404 and rear end 403 of body 401 meet; or in any other arrangement suitable to meet the cooking needs of the convection oven.
  • a jet plate comprising structured air inlets can be used in various types of cooking ovens, such as convection or combi ovens.
  • a jet plate and its structured air inlets may be configured in various ways to adapt to different oven configurations and dimensions.
  • a jet plate and its structured air inlets can be configured to adapt to either a half-sized oven or a full-sized oven.
  • FIGS. 6-8 illustrate an example of an oven that uses jet plates comprising structured air inlets to direct air flow into cooking cavities of the oven.
  • a convection oven 600 includes an oven door 610 , a control panel 618 for entering cooking commands or cooking parameters, and an oven cavity defined by a left side wall 612 , a right side wall (not shown), a rear wall 615 , a top wall (not shown), and a bottom wall (not shown).
  • a convection oven 600 includes an oven door 610 , a control panel 618 for entering cooking commands or cooking parameters, and an oven cavity defined by a left side wall 612 , a right side wall (not shown), a rear wall 615 , a top wall (not shown), and a bottom wall (not shown).
  • the oven cavity is populated with multiple air plenums 620 , 621 , 622 , 623 , 624 , 625 , which divide the oven cavity into three cooking cavities 650 , 651 , 652 .
  • some or all of air plenums 620 , 621 , 622 , 623 , 624 , 625 may be removable and adjacent cooking cavities may be combinable. For example, by removing air plenums 623 and 624 , cooking cavities 651 and 652 can be combined into one cooking cavity.
  • a jet plate 640 is disposed along the top of cooking cavity 650 to separate cooking cavity 650 from air plenum 620 .
  • a jet plate 641 is disposed along the bottom of cooking cavity 650 to separate cooking cavity 650 from air plenum 621 .
  • a jet plate 642 is disposed along the top of cooking cavity 651 to separate cooking cavity 651 from air plenum 622 .
  • a jet plate 643 is disposed along the bottom of cooking cavity 651 to separate cooking cavity 651 from air plenum 623 .
  • a jet plate 644 is disposed along the top of cooking cavity 652 to separate cooking cavity 652 from air plenum 624 .
  • a jet plate 645 is disposed along the bottom of cooking cavity 652 to separate cooking cavity 652 from air plenum 623 .
  • FIG. 7 there is depicted a cross-sectional side view of the oven cavity, illustrating a set of air blower systems and airflow paths within convection oven 600 .
  • air blower systems 710 may be located at the rear of convection oven 600 .
  • each of air plenums 620 , 621 , 622 , 623 , 624 , 625 may be connected to rear wall 615 of the oven cavity through an opening (or air channel) to receive airflow from air blower system 710 .
  • each of jet plates 640 , 641 , 642 , 643 , 644 , 645 may comprise one or more structured air inlets, such as structured air inlet 200 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • Each of jet plates 640 , 641 , 642 , 643 , 644 , 645 is configured to direct the airflow that the corresponding air plenum 620 , 621 , 622 , 623 , 624 , 625 received from air blower system 710 to the corresponding cooking cavities 650 , 651 , 652 through structured air inlets.
  • the structured air inlets in jet plates 640 , 642 , 644 disposed along the top of cooking cavities 650 , 651 , 652 direct air downward into the respective cooking cavities, while the structured air inlets in jet plates 641 , 643 , 645 disposed along the bottom of cooking cavities 650 , 651 , 652 direct air upward into the respective cooking cavities.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the path of airflow from air blower system 710 to cooking cavity 650 through air plenums 620 and 621 and jet plates 640 and 641 in convection oven 600 of FIG. 6 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • air blower system 710 sends heated air to air plenum 620 above cooking cavity 650 and air plenum 621 below cooking cavity 650 through openings on rear wall 615 .
  • the heated air received in air plenum 620 is then directed downward to cooking cavity 650 through the structured air inlets in jet plate 640 .
  • the heated air received in air plenum 621 is directed upward to cooking cavity 650 through the structured air inlets in jet plate 641 .
  • the heated air comes into contact with any food item placed on one or more food racks (not shown) within cooking cavity 650 . Afterwards, the air within cooking cavity 650 may be drawn towards return air opening(s) on one or more oven cavity walls (not shown) and travel back to air blower system 710 .
  • structured air inlets in a jet plate can be configured or adjusted in various manners to address forces that can cause unevenness in the air flow distribution within a cooking cavity of a convection oven. This can be done by, for example, adjusting the size of each of hole portions and/or the width of each slot portion in the structured air inlet. The adjustment in the size and dimension of the holes and/or slots can be made within the same structured air inlet and/or across the different structured air inlets in a jet plate.
  • structured air inlets can be configured to have larger holes at the opposite side of the return air openings and smaller holes at the near side of the return air openings.
  • Another possible cause of unevenness in the air flow distribution within the cooking cavity is a gradient in air pressure within an air plenum of a convection oven.
  • air pressure can build up at the front of the air plenum. Greater air pressure in the front of the oven forces more air to flow through the air inlets at the front than at the back of the cooking cavity.
  • structured air inlets can be configured to have larger holes in the back and smaller holes in the front.
  • FIG. 9 provides a top view of a jet plate 500 configured in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • body 501 of jet plate 500 is disposed along a top wall or a bottom wall of the cooking cavity and comprises a front end 502 disposed proximate to a front of the cooking cavity, a rear end 503 disposed proximate to a rear of the cooking cavity, a left end 504 disposed proximate to a left side of the cooking cavity, and a right end 505 disposed proximate to a right side of the cooking cavity.
  • jet plate 500 comprises a plurality of structured air inlets 510 arranged in a parallel formation.
  • Each of structured air inlets 510 may extend transversely in parallel to a direction from left end 504 to right end 505 of body 501 .
  • FIG. 9 also provides a cross-sectional top view of return air openings 530 , 532 located on a left side wall and a rear wall of a cooking cavity.
  • return air openings can cause unevenness in the air flow distribution within the cooking cavity because the areas near the return air openings tend to attract more air flow than other areas of the cooking cavity.
  • structured air inlets 510 can be configured to have larger holes 522 at the opposite side of return air openings 530 and smaller holes 521 at the near side of return air openings.
  • an air plenum of the oven may be disposed above or below jet plate 500 , which is configured to separate the cooking cavity from the air plenum and enable air to be introduced into the cooking cavity from the air plenum.
  • structured air inlets 510 are configured to have larger holes 524 in the back and smaller holes 523 in the front to counteract the force arising from a higher air pressure present in the front portion of the air plenum than in the rear portion.
  • the transverse width of body 501 of jet plate 500 from left end 504 to right end 505 may range between 14 inches and 28 inches (e.g., 14.9 inches) and the longitudinal length of body 501 from front end 502 to rear end 503 may range between 19 inches and 23 inches (e.g., 21.0 inches).
  • the diameter of a hole portion in structured air inlets 510 may range between 0.30 inches (e.g., for hole 521 or hole 523 ) and 0.75 inches (e.g., for hole 522 or hole 524 ).
  • the width of a slot portion in structured air inlets 510 may range between 0.07 inches and 0.10 inches, and the length of a slot portion may range between 9.5 inches and 11.0 inches.
  • the present invention provides a convection or combi oven with structured air inlets providing improvement in cooking speed and cooking efficiency and more uniform distribution of air flow within the cooking cavity.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract

A jet plate for directing a flow of air into a cooking cavity of an oven may comprise a body configured to be disposed along a top wall or a bottom wall of the cooking cavity, and one or more structured air inlets that are openings through the body. Each of the structured air inlets comprises holes and slots that are alternatingly arranged and serially connected. The structured air inlets enable air to be introduced into the cooking cavity in a structured formation to improve cooking speed and cooking efficiency. In addition, structured air inlets in a jet plate may be configured in various manners to address unevenness in the distribution of air flow within the cooking cavity.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to cooking ovens in general, and in particular to a convection or combi oven using structured air inlets to introduce air into a cooking cavity.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
An oven generally includes a cooking cavity configured to receive food items for cooking. The oven also includes a heating element, which can be an electric resistance element or a gas burner, for generating heat energy to cook any food items placed within an oven cavity. Some ovens may include an air blower, such as a fan, for forcing movement of heated air within the oven cavity, and those ovens are commonly referred to as convection ovens. Although convection ovens that have the ability to introduce moisture into the heated air stream are commonly referred to as “combi” ovens, the term convection oven used herein is understood by those skilled in the art to include both convection and combi ovens.
When cooking in a typical convection oven, heated air within the cooking cavity is circulated by a fan. The fan initiates a flow of heated air by pulling air in a generally horizontal direction from the cooking cavity through one or more openings (“return air openings”) which are typically disposed on a rear wall of the cooking cavity. After being heated by a heating element, the heated air is forced by the fan into the cooking cavity through one or more of the walls of the cook cavity, such as the left and right side walls. The heated air moves through the cooking cavity in a generally horizontal direction to help distribute heat energy to food articles placed within the cooking cavity. An example of the heating system of a typical convection oven can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,395,233 to Smith et al.
Air impingement is a special form of convection cooking whereby air enters the cook cavity through openings (“air inlets”) in one or more flat panels (“jet plates”) typically disposed along the top and bottom walls of the cook cavity. These openings are typically in the form of small holes (e.g., 0.5 inch in diameter) placed in such a way that the heated air moving through adjacent holes forms adjacent air columns directed towards the upper and lower surfaces of food articles placed in the cooking cavity. In order to increase the rate of heat transfer from these columns of heated air to the food, such air is typically moving at a higher velocity than the air moving in typical convection ovens. However, these columns of rapidly moving heated air would cause spotting on the food surface if the food were not moving relative to the jet plates. An example of the heating system and food movement of a typical air impingement oven can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,679,542 to Smith et al.
A plurality of linearly extended air inlets may reduce or eliminate spotting in ovens where reduced cook times are desired but food is not moved relative to the jet plates. However, in order to provide the necessary level of air velocity and directionality, the linearly extended air inlets need to have a significant vertical dimension, substantially increasing the height or size of the oven, which is not desirable for commercial kitchens where convection ovens are most often used. An example of linearly extended air inlets with significant vertical dimension can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 8,026,463 to McKee et al.
Linearly extended air inlets without significant vertical dimension, such as an array of parallel slots in a jet plate, have severe limitations. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a jet plate 100 has a plurality of air inlets 101, each in the form of a narrow slot having two substantially parallel edges 102 of equal length. One problem of using a narrow slot in a jet plate to introduce air into the cooking cavity is that air frictions generated at the edges of a narrow slot reduce the volume of the air passing through the slot. However, widening the slot to increase the air volume would then reduce the velocity of the air passing through, thereby decreasing cook speed.
Another problem of using a slot as an air inlet is that, because air passes through an opening in a relatively thin plate, the slot by itself cannot provide the level of air directionality that may be necessary to penetrate the temperature gradients (boundary layers) surrounding the food articles being cooked in the cooking cavity. Accordingly, a convection oven using slots as air inlets is not effective in accelerating the cooking process in the cooking cavity.
In addition, there may be other forces in the cooking cavity that can affect the air passing through slots and cause unevenness in the distribution of air flow within the cooking cavity. For example, return air openings can cause unevenness in the air flow distribution within the cooking cavity because the areas proximate to the return air openings attract more air flow compared to other areas within the cooking cavity. In another example, a gradient of air pressure within the air plenum can cause unevenness in the air flow distribution within the cooking cavity because a portion of the air plenum having a higher air pressure forces more air flow into the proximate area within the cooking cavity. The unevenness of air flow distribution within the cooking cavity caused by these forces cannot be easily eliminated in a convection oven that uses slots as air inlets. As a result, food items placed in the cooking cavity in such a convection oven may be cooked unevenly.
Consequently, it would be desirable to provide a convection oven using improved air inlets that can eliminate the above-mentioned problems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has now been found that the above and related objects of the present invention are obtained in the form of several related aspects, including an oven using structured air inlets.
A jet plate for directing a flow of air into a cooking cavity of an oven, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, comprises a body configured to be disposed along a top wall or a bottom wall of the cooking cavity, wherein the body comprises a front end disposed proximate to a front of the cooking cavity, a rear end disposed proximate to a rear of the cooking cavity, and left and right ends disposed proximate respectively to left and right sides of the cooking cavity, and one or more structured air inlets that are openings through the body, each of the structured air inlets comprising a plurality of holes and slots that are alternatingly arranged and serially connected.
In at least one embodiment, the jet plate is configured to separate the cooking cavity from an air plenum of the oven and enable air to be introduced into the cooking cavity from the air plenum.
In at least one embodiment, the body is a substantially rectangular shaped, flat plate.
In at least one embodiment, each of the structured air inlets extends along a substantially straight line.
In at least one embodiment, each of the slots comprises two substantially parallel straight edges having substantially equal lengths.
In at least one embodiment, edges of each of the holes form substantially circular arcs.
In at least one embodiment, a width of each of the slots is smaller than a diameter of each of the holes.
In at least one embodiment, a length of each of the slots is greater than a diameter of each of the holes.
In at least one embodiment, a number of the holes is greater than a number of the slots in at least one of the structured air inlets.
In at least one embodiment, at least one of the structured air inlets begins with a hole and ends with a hole.
In at least one embodiment, each of the structured air inlets extends longitudinally in parallel to a direction from the front end of the body to the rear end of the body.
In at least one embodiment, each of the structured air inlets extends transversely in parallel to a direction from the left end of the body to the right end of the body.
In at least one embodiment, each of the structured air inlets extends diagonally in parallel to a direction from where the left and front ends of the body meet to where the right and rear ends of the body meet.
In at least one embodiment, each of the structured air inlets extends diagonally in parallel to a direction from where the right and front ends of the body meet to where the left and rear ends of the body meet.
In at least one embodiment, all of the structured air inlets are substantially identical in size and dimension.
In at least one embodiment, the holes in at least one of the structured air inlets are different in size.
In at least one embodiment, the hole disposed proximate to one of the left and right ends of the body is larger in size than the hole disposed proximate to the other one of the left and right ends of the body in at least one of the structured air inlets.
In at least one embodiment, the one or more structured air inlets comprise a first structured air inlet disposed proximate to one of the front and rear ends of the body and a second structured air inlet disposed proximate to the other one of the front and rear ends of the body, the holes in the first structured air inlet being larger in size than the holes in the second structured air inlet.
In at least one embodiment, the one or more structured air inlets comprise two or more substantially parallel structured air inlets and a spacing between adjacent ones of the structured air inlets is configured to avoid a gap or an overlap between coverages of air flows from the adjacent structured air inlets on a food product in the cooking cavity.
An oven comprising a cooking cavity configured to receive a food product, a fan, an air plenum configured to receive air from the fan, and a jet plate configured to separate the cooking cavity from the air plenum and direct a flow of the air from the air plenum into the cooking cavity, the jet plate comprising a body configured to be disposed along a top wall or a bottom wall of the cooking cavity, wherein the body comprises a front end disposed proximate to a front of the cooking cavity, a rear end disposed proximate to a rear of the cooking cavity, and left and right ends disposed proximate respectively to left and right sides of the cooking cavity, and one or more structured air inlets that are openings through the body, each of the structured air inlets comprising a plurality of holes and slots that are alternatingly arranged and serially connected.
In at least one embodiment, the body is a substantially rectangular shaped, flat plate.
In at least one embodiment, each of the structured air inlets extends along a substantially straight line.
In at least one embodiment, each of the slots comprises two substantially parallel straight edges having substantially equal lengths.
In at least one embodiment, edges of each of the holes form substantially circular arcs.
In at least one embodiment, a width of each of the slots is smaller than a diameter of each of the holes.
In at least one embodiment, a length of each of the slots is greater than a diameter of each of the holes.
In at least one embodiment, a number of the holes is greater than a number of the slots in at least one of the structured air inlets.
In at least one embodiment, at least one of the structured air inlets begins with a hole and ends with a hole.
In at least one embodiment, each of the structured air inlets extends longitudinally in parallel to a direction from the front end of the body to the rear end of the body.
In at least one embodiment, each of the structured air inlets extends transversely in parallel to a direction from the left end of the body to the right end of the body.
In at least one embodiment, each of the structured air inlets extends diagonally in parallel to a direction from where the left and front ends of the body meet to where the right and rear ends of the body meet.
In at least one embodiment, each of the structured air inlets extends diagonally in parallel to a direction from where the right and front ends of the body meet to where the left and rear ends of the body meet.
In at least one embodiment, all of the structured air inlets are substantially identical in size and dimension.
In at least one embodiment, the holes in at least one of the structured air inlets are different in size.
In at least one embodiment, the hole disposed proximate to one of the left and right ends of the body is larger in size than the hole disposed proximate to the other one of the left and right ends of the body in at least one of the structured air inlets.
In at least one embodiment, the one or more structured air inlets comprise a first structured air inlet disposed proximate to one of the front and rear ends of the body and a second structured air inlet disposed proximate to the other one of the front and rear ends of the body, the holes in the first structured air inlet being larger in size than the holes in the second structured air inlet.
In at least one embodiment, the oven further comprises one or more return air openings, wherein the holes of the structured air inlets disposed proximate to the one or more return air openings are smaller in size than the holes of the structured air inlets disposed proximate to an opposite side of the one or more return air openings.
In at least one embodiment, one portion of the air plenum has a greater air pressure than other portions of the air plenum and the holes of the structured air inlets disposed proximate to the one portion of the air plenum are smaller in size than the holes of the structured air inlets disposed proximate to the other portions of the air plenum.
In at least one embodiment, the one or more structured air inlets in the jet plate comprise two or more substantially parallel structured air inlets and a spacing between adjacent ones of the structured air inlets is configured to avoid a gap or an overlap between coverages of air flows from the adjacent structured air inlets on the food product in the cooking cavity.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following detailed written description of various exemplary embodiments of this invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention itself, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objects, and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of illustrative and exemplary embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a top view of a jet plate for a conventional oven;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a structured air inlet in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of air flowing downward from the structured air inlet from FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a jet plate comprising a plurality of structured air inlets in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an isometric view of air flowing downward from an array of structured air inlets in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an isometric view of a convection oven in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side view of the convection oven from FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a cross-section side view of the convection oven from FIG. 6, depicting air paths in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 9 is a top view of a jet plate comprising a plurality of structured air inlets in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings and in particular to FIG. 2, there is depicted a structured air inlet 200, as viewed from above, for introducing air into a cooking cavity of a convection oven in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In this exemplary embodiment, structured air inlet 200 comprises holes 201 and slots 202 that are alternatingly arranged and serially connected (e.g., interconnected hole, slot, hole, slot, . . . , hole, as shown in FIG. 2). Preferably, a structured air inlet begins with a hole portion at one end and ends with a hole portion at the opposite end, as shown in FIG. 2.
This alternating hole-slot arrangement in structured air inlet 200 enables air to be introduced into a cooking cavity in a structured formation that can improve cooking speed and cooking efficiency. FIG. 3 provides an isometric view of such a structured formation of air flowing downward from structured air inlet 200, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In alternative embodiments, air can flow upward from a structured air inlet. In FIG. 3, the air passing through slot portions 202 forms moving air sheets 302, each having a trapezoidal prism-like structure with the base area being larger than the top area. Each of air sheets 302 is accompanied on both sides by adjacent moving air columns 301, each having a truncated cone-like structure with the base area being larger than the top area, which are formed by the air passing through adjacent hole portions 201. The moving air columns 301 help accelerate the moving air sheets 302. In this way, even if structured air inlet 200 has no substantial vertical dimension, it can still create air flows 301, 302 with a sufficient level of directionality to penetrate the temperature gradients surrounding the food item being cooked in the cooking cavity, thereby improving cooking speed and cooking efficiency of a convection oven. Moreover, unlike simple slot-shaped air inlets discussed above in connection with FIG. 1, the speed and volume of air flow passing through structured air inlet 200 are not substantially affected by air frictions at the slot edges.
Referring back to FIG. 2, structured air inlet 200 in this exemplary embodiment extends along a substantially straight line. However, the present invention is not limited only to such a configuration. For example, a structured air inlet in alternative embodiments may comprise holes and slots that are arranged alternatingly and serially connected in a triangle wave or sawtooth wave-like manner.
As shown in FIG. 2, edges 203 of each of hole portions 201 of structured air inlet 200 may form substantially circular arcs. Alternatively, edges of a hole portion of a structured air inlet may be at least partly elliptical or polygonal.
Each of slot portions 202 of structured air inlet 200 may comprise two substantially parallel straight edges 204 having substantially equal lengths, as shown in FIG. 2. In alternative embodiments, edges of a slot portion of a structured air inlet may not be parallel or straight.
As shown in FIG. 2, the distance between two opposite edges 204 of slot portion 202 (or “width” of a slot portion) is generally smaller than the distance between two opposite edges 203 of hole portion 201 (or “diameter” of a hole portion). On the other hand, the length of slot portion 202 (e.g., the length of its edge 204) is generally greater than the diameter of hole portion 201.
While structured air inlet 200 in FIG. 2 comprises holes 201 of substantially same size and dimension and slots 202 of substantially same size and dimension, a structured air inlet in alternative embodiments may comprise holes of different sizes and dimensions and/or slots of different sizes and dimensions, as further discussed below.
In FIG. 2, structured air inlet 200 comprises five hole portions 201 and four slot portions 202 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The present invention does not limit the number of hole portions and the number of slot portions in a structured air inlet to certain fixed numbers. For example, in at least one alternative embodiment, a structured air inlet may comprise 8 hole portions and 7 slot portions. In another alternative embodiment, a structured air inlet may comprise 2 hole portions and a single slot portion. In a preferred embodiment wherein a structured air inlet has holes at both ends, the number of hole portions is greater than the number of slot portions by one, as shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 illustrates a jet plate 400 for directing a flow of air into a cooking cavity of a convection oven in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Jet plate 400 comprises a body 401 and one or more structured air inlets 200 of FIG. 2, which are formed as openings through body 401. In some embodiments, body 401 of jet plate 400 may be configured to be disposed along a top wall or a bottom wall of a cooking cavity of the oven (not shown). In some embodiments, body 401 of jet plate 400 defines a top wall or a bottom wall of a cooking cavity.
As shown in FIG. 4, when jet plate 400 comprises multiple structured air inlets 200, the structured air inlets may be arranged in a parallel formation and the spacing between any two adjacent structured air inlets may be substantially identical.
The spacing between two adjacent structured air inlets may also be designed to avoid a gap or an overlap between coverages of air flows from the two adjacent structured air inlets on a food product placed within the cooking cavity. If the structured air inlets are spaced too far apart, there are gaps in coverages of air flow on the food product such that, for example, portions of the food product proximate to the structured air inlets would become darker compared to the areas on the food product in the gap that receive no directed air flow. On the other hand, if the structured air inlets are spaced too close to each other, then coverages of air flows from two adjacent structured air inlets overlap on the food product, causing a darker stripe on the food product where the overlap occurs. Preferably, the spacing between the structured air inlets is designed to avoid gaps or overlaps in coverages of air flow from the two adjacent structured air inlets that would cause such striping on a food product. FIG. 5 illustrates an array of optimally spaced structured air inlets 450 which produces a substantially even coverage 460 of air flows without any gap or overlap in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
In some embodiments, jet plate 400 may be configured to separate the cooking cavity from an air plenum (not shown) located above or below the cooking cavity and enable air to be introduced into the cooking cavity from the air plenum.
In some embodiments, body 401 of jet plate 400 may be a substantially rectangular shaped, flat plate. In some embodiments, body 401 may comprise a front end 402 disposed proximate to a front of the cooking cavity, a rear end 403 disposed proximate to a rear of the cooking cavity, a left end 404 disposed proximate to a left side of the cooking cavity, and a right end 405 disposed proximate to a right side of the cooking cavity.
As shown in FIG. 4, each of structured air inlets 200 may extend transversely in parallel to a direction from left end 404 to right end 405 of body 401. In alternative embodiments, each of structured air inlets 200 may extend longitudinally in parallel to a direction extending from front end 402 to rear end 403 of body 401; or diagonally in parallel to a direction extending from where left end 404 and front end 402 of body 401 meet to where right end 405 and rear end 403 of body 401 meet; or diagonally in parallel to a direction extending from where right end 405 and front end 402 of body 401 meet to where left end 404 and rear end 403 of body 401 meet; or in any other arrangement suitable to meet the cooking needs of the convection oven.
A jet plate comprising structured air inlets, such as jet plate 400 shown in FIG. 4, can be used in various types of cooking ovens, such as convection or combi ovens. In addition, a jet plate and its structured air inlets may be configured in various ways to adapt to different oven configurations and dimensions. For example, a jet plate and its structured air inlets can be configured to adapt to either a half-sized oven or a full-sized oven.
FIGS. 6-8 illustrate an example of an oven that uses jet plates comprising structured air inlets to direct air flow into cooking cavities of the oven. Referring now to FIG. 6, there is depicted an isometric view of a convection oven in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown, a convection oven 600 includes an oven door 610, a control panel 618 for entering cooking commands or cooking parameters, and an oven cavity defined by a left side wall 612, a right side wall (not shown), a rear wall 615, a top wall (not shown), and a bottom wall (not shown). In FIG. 6, the oven cavity is populated with multiple air plenums 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, which divide the oven cavity into three cooking cavities 650, 651, 652. In some embodiments, some or all of air plenums 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625 may be removable and adjacent cooking cavities may be combinable. For example, by removing air plenums 623 and 624, cooking cavities 651 and 652 can be combined into one cooking cavity.
In FIG. 6, a jet plate 640 is disposed along the top of cooking cavity 650 to separate cooking cavity 650 from air plenum 620. A jet plate 641 is disposed along the bottom of cooking cavity 650 to separate cooking cavity 650 from air plenum 621. Similarly, a jet plate 642 is disposed along the top of cooking cavity 651 to separate cooking cavity 651 from air plenum 622. A jet plate 643 is disposed along the bottom of cooking cavity 651 to separate cooking cavity 651 from air plenum 623. Likewise, a jet plate 644 is disposed along the top of cooking cavity 652 to separate cooking cavity 652 from air plenum 624. A jet plate 645 is disposed along the bottom of cooking cavity 652 to separate cooking cavity 652 from air plenum 623.
Referring now to FIG. 7, there is depicted a cross-sectional side view of the oven cavity, illustrating a set of air blower systems and airflow paths within convection oven 600. As shown, air blower systems 710 may be located at the rear of convection oven 600. As also shown, each of air plenums 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625 may be connected to rear wall 615 of the oven cavity through an opening (or air channel) to receive airflow from air blower system 710.
Like jet plate 400 shown in FIG. 4, each of jet plates 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645 may comprise one or more structured air inlets, such as structured air inlet 200 shown in FIG. 2. Each of jet plates 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645 is configured to direct the airflow that the corresponding air plenum 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625 received from air blower system 710 to the corresponding cooking cavities 650, 651, 652 through structured air inlets. The structured air inlets in jet plates 640, 642, 644 disposed along the top of cooking cavities 650, 651, 652 direct air downward into the respective cooking cavities, while the structured air inlets in jet plates 641, 643, 645 disposed along the bottom of cooking cavities 650, 651, 652 direct air upward into the respective cooking cavities.
FIG. 8 illustrates the path of airflow from air blower system 710 to cooking cavity 650 through air plenums 620 and 621 and jet plates 640 and 641 in convection oven 600 of FIG. 6, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. As shown, air blower system 710 sends heated air to air plenum 620 above cooking cavity 650 and air plenum 621 below cooking cavity 650 through openings on rear wall 615. The heated air received in air plenum 620 is then directed downward to cooking cavity 650 through the structured air inlets in jet plate 640. The heated air received in air plenum 621 is directed upward to cooking cavity 650 through the structured air inlets in jet plate 641. Once entering cooking cavity 650, the heated air comes into contact with any food item placed on one or more food racks (not shown) within cooking cavity 650. Afterwards, the air within cooking cavity 650 may be drawn towards return air opening(s) on one or more oven cavity walls (not shown) and travel back to air blower system 710.
In some embodiments, structured air inlets in a jet plate can be configured or adjusted in various manners to address forces that can cause unevenness in the air flow distribution within a cooking cavity of a convection oven. This can be done by, for example, adjusting the size of each of hole portions and/or the width of each slot portion in the structured air inlet. The adjustment in the size and dimension of the holes and/or slots can be made within the same structured air inlet and/or across the different structured air inlets in a jet plate.
For example, return air openings on the cavity wall can cause unevenness in the air flow distribution within the cooking cavity because the areas near the return air openings tend to attract more air flow than other areas of the cooking cavity. In some embodiments, to counteract this force and eliminate the unevenness in the air flow distribution, structured air inlets can be configured to have larger holes at the opposite side of the return air openings and smaller holes at the near side of the return air openings.
Another possible cause of unevenness in the air flow distribution within the cooking cavity is a gradient in air pressure within an air plenum of a convection oven. For example, in a convection oven having a narrow cavity width and a correspondingly narrow air plenum with a fan pushing the air from the rear of the air plenum, air pressure can build up at the front of the air plenum. Greater air pressure in the front of the oven forces more air to flow through the air inlets at the front than at the back of the cooking cavity. In some embodiments, to counteract this force and eliminate unevenness in the air flow distribution, structured air inlets can be configured to have larger holes in the back and smaller holes in the front.
FIG. 9 provides a top view of a jet plate 500 configured in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In this exemplary embodiment, body 501 of jet plate 500 is disposed along a top wall or a bottom wall of the cooking cavity and comprises a front end 502 disposed proximate to a front of the cooking cavity, a rear end 503 disposed proximate to a rear of the cooking cavity, a left end 504 disposed proximate to a left side of the cooking cavity, and a right end 505 disposed proximate to a right side of the cooking cavity.
In this exemplary embodiment, jet plate 500 comprises a plurality of structured air inlets 510 arranged in a parallel formation. Each of structured air inlets 510 may extend transversely in parallel to a direction from left end 504 to right end 505 of body 501.
FIG. 9 also provides a cross-sectional top view of return air openings 530, 532 located on a left side wall and a rear wall of a cooking cavity. As noted above, return air openings can cause unevenness in the air flow distribution within the cooking cavity because the areas near the return air openings tend to attract more air flow than other areas of the cooking cavity. In this exemplary embodiment, to counteract the force of return air openings 530 on the left side wall of the cooking cavity and eliminate the unevenness in the air flow distribution, structured air inlets 510 can be configured to have larger holes 522 at the opposite side of return air openings 530 and smaller holes 521 at the near side of return air openings.
While not shown in FIG. 9, an air plenum of the oven may be disposed above or below jet plate 500, which is configured to separate the cooking cavity from the air plenum and enable air to be introduced into the cooking cavity from the air plenum. In this exemplary embodiment, structured air inlets 510 are configured to have larger holes 524 in the back and smaller holes 523 in the front to counteract the force arising from a higher air pressure present in the front portion of the air plenum than in the rear portion.
In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the transverse width of body 501 of jet plate 500 from left end 504 to right end 505 may range between 14 inches and 28 inches (e.g., 14.9 inches) and the longitudinal length of body 501 from front end 502 to rear end 503 may range between 19 inches and 23 inches (e.g., 21.0 inches). The diameter of a hole portion in structured air inlets 510 may range between 0.30 inches (e.g., for hole 521 or hole 523) and 0.75 inches (e.g., for hole 522 or hole 524). In addition, the width of a slot portion in structured air inlets 510 may range between 0.07 inches and 0.10 inches, and the length of a slot portion may range between 9.5 inches and 11.0 inches.
As has been described, the present invention provides a convection or combi oven with structured air inlets providing improvement in cooking speed and cooking efficiency and more uniform distribution of air flow within the cooking cavity.
While this invention has been described in conjunction with exemplary embodiments outlined above and illustrated in the drawings, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations in form and detail will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments of the invention, as set forth above, are intended to be illustrative, not limiting, and the spirit and scope of the present invention is to be construed broadly and limited only by the appended claims, and not by the foregoing specification.

Claims (54)

What is claimed is:
1. An oven comprising:
a housing sealable by a door to create a cooking cavity, the cooking cavity providing a lower wall and opposed upper wall separated by vertical sidewalls including a sidewall formed by the door, the upper wall providing an upper plenum receiving air at a plenum entrance and conducting the air to a plurality of openings distributed over a lower surface of the upper plenum;
a blower receiving air from the cooking cavity and blowing the air into the upper plenum for discharge through the openings;
a heater for heating the air before discharge through the openings;
wherein the openings are adapted to produce elongate fans of air diverging along a plurality of horizontally spaced, parallel vertical planes with substantially no overlap between adjacent fans of air within the cooking cavity, each elongate fan extending substantially a full distance between two sidewalls; and
wherein the fans include a set of interconnected columns and sheets of air wherein the columns are adapted to penetrate temperature gradients surrounding food positioned beneath the upper plenum.
2. An oven comprising:
a housing sealable by a door to create a cooking cavity, the cooking cavity providing a lower wall and opposed upper wall separated by vertical sidewalls including a sidewall formed by the door, the upper wall providing an upper plenum receiving air at a plenum entrance and conducting the air to a plurality of openings distributed over a lower surface of the upper plenum;
a blower receiving air from the cooking cavity and blowing the air into the upper plenum for discharge through the openings;
a heater for heating the air before discharge through the openings;
wherein the openings are adapted to produce elongate fans of air diverging along a plurality of horizontally spaced, parallel vertical planes with substantially no overlap between adjacent fans of air within the cooking cavity, each elongate fan extending substantially a full distance between two sidewalls; and
wherein the fans of air are spaced to provide even cooking of food positioned beneath the upper plenum at areas beneath the openings and areas between the openings without movement of the food.
3. An oven comprising:
a housing sealable by a door to create a cooking cavity, the cooking cavity providing a lower wall and opposed upper wall separated by vertical sidewalls including a sidewall formed by the door, the upper wall providing an upper plenum receiving air at a plenum entrance and conducting the air to a plurality of openings distributed over a lower surface of the upper plenum;
a blower receiving air from the cooking cavity and blowing the air into the upper plenum for discharge through the openings;
a heater for heating the air before discharge through the openings;
wherein the openings are adapted to produce elongate fans of air diverging along a plurality of horizontally spaced, parallel vertical planes with substantially no overlap between adjacent fans of air within the cooking cavity, each elongate fan extending substantially a full distance between two sidewalls; and
wherein the openings are a set of spaced parallel conduits corresponding to each fan of air, the conduits extending substantially a full distance between two sidewalls.
4. The oven of claim 3 wherein the conduits have a conduit width measured perpendicularly to a length of the conduit being a longest extent of the conduit, and the width of the conduit varies along the length of the conduit to provide columns of air at wider portions of the conduit flanking sheets of air at narrower portions of the conduit.
5. An oven comprising:
a housing sealable by a door to create a cooking cavity, the cooking cavity providing a lower wall and opposed upper wall separated by vertical sidewalls including a sidewall formed by the door, the upper wall providing an upper plenum receiving air at a plenum entrance and conducting the air to a plurality of openings distributed over a lower surface of the upper plenum;
a blower receiving air from the cooking cavity and blowing the air into the upper plenum for discharge through the openings;
a heater for heating the air before discharge through the openings; and
wherein the openings are adapted to produce elongate fans of air diverging along a plurality of horizontally spaced, parallel vertical planes with substantially no overlap between adjacent fans of air within the cooking cavity, each elongate fan extending substantially a full distance between two sidewalls;
wherein the openings are a set of spaced parallel conduits corresponding to each fan of air to provide columns of air flanking sheets of air, the conduits extending substantially a full distance between two sidewalls; and
wherein the columns of air are adapted to accelerate air of the sheets.
6. The oven of claim 4 wherein the conduits comprise substantially parallel-walled slot segments joining a series of multiple holes distributed along the length of the conduit wherein a width of the holes is larger than a width of the slot segments.
7. The oven of claim 6 wherein a length of the slot segments between the holes is greater than a width of the holes.
8. The oven of claim 6 wherein a number of holes is greater than a number of slot segments.
9. The oven of claim 6 wherein the conduits are substantially straight.
10. The oven of claim 6 wherein the holes are substantially circular.
11. The oven of claim 6 wherein an average width of the conduit decreases with distance from the plenum entrance.
12. The oven of claim 11 wherein the holes decrease in area with distance from the plenum entrance.
13. The oven of claim 6 wherein the width of the slot segments is substantially constant.
14. A jet plate for directing a flow of air into a cooking cavity of an oven, the jet plate comprising:
a body configured to be disposed along a top wall or a bottom wall of the cooking cavity, wherein the body comprises a front end disposed proximate to a front of the cooking cavity, a rear end disposed proximate to a rear of the cooking cavity, and left and right ends disposed proximate respectively to left and right sides of the cooking cavity; and
one or more structured air inlets that are openings through the body, each of the structured air inlets comprising a plurality of holes and slots that are alternatingly arranged and serially connected;
wherein the jet plate is configured to separate the cooking cavity from an air plenum of the oven and enable air to be introduced into the cooking cavity from the air plenum.
15. A jet plate for directing a flow of air into a cooking cavity of an oven, the jet plate comprising:
a body configured to be disposed along a top wall or a bottom wall of the cooking cavity, wherein the body comprises a front end disposed proximate to a front of the cooking cavity, a rear end disposed proximate to a rear of the cooking cavity, and left and right ends disposed proximate respectively to left and right sides of the cooking cavity; and
one or more structured air inlets that are openings through the body, each of the structured air inlets comprising a plurality of holes and slots that are alternatingly arranged and serially connected;
wherein the body is a substantially rectangular shaped, flat plate.
16. The jet plate of claim 14, wherein each of the structured air inlets extends along a substantially straight line.
17. The jet plate of claim 14, wherein each of the slots comprises two substantially parallel straight edges having substantially equal lengths.
18. The jet plate of claim 14, wherein edges of each of the holes form substantially circular arcs.
19. The jet plate of claim 14, wherein a width of each of the slots is smaller than a diameter of each of the holes.
20. The jet plate of claim 14, wherein a length of each of the slots is greater than a diameter of each of the holes.
21. The jet plate of claim 14, wherein a number of the holes is greater than a number of the slots in at least one of the structured air inlets.
22. The jet plate of claim 14, wherein at least one of the structured air inlets begins with a hole and ends with a hole.
23. The jet plate of claim 14, wherein each of the structured air inlets extends longitudinally in parallel to a direction from the front end of the body to the rear end of the body.
24. The jet plate of claim 14, wherein each of the structured air inlets extends transversely in parallel to a direction from the left end of the body to the right end of the body.
25. The jet plate of claim 14, wherein each of the structured air inlets extends diagonally in parallel to a direction from where the left and front ends of the body meet to where the right and rear ends of the body meet.
26. The jet plate of claim 14, wherein each of the structured air inlets extends diagonally in parallel to a direction from where the right and front ends of the body meet to where the left and rear ends of the body meet.
27. The jet plate of claim 14, wherein all of the structured air inlets are substantially identical in size and dimension.
28. The jet plate of claim 14, wherein the holes in at least one of the structured air inlets are different in size.
29. The jet plate of claim 28, wherein the hole disposed proximate to one of the left and right ends of the body is larger in size than the hole disposed proximate to the other one of the left and right ends of the body in at least one of the structured air inlets.
30. The jet plate of claim 28, wherein the one or more structured air inlets comprise a first structured air inlet disposed proximate to one of the front and rear ends of the body and a second structured air inlet disposed proximate to the other one of the front and rear ends of the body, the holes in the first structured air inlet being larger in size than the holes in the second structured air inlet.
31. The jet plate of claim 14, wherein the one or more structured air inlets comprise two or more substantially parallel structured air inlets and a spacing between adjacent ones of the structured air inlets is configured to avoid a gap or an overlap between coverages of air flows from adjacent structured air inlets on a food product in the cooking cavity.
32. An oven comprising:
a cooking cavity configured to receive a food product;
a blower;
an air plenum configured to receive air from the blower; and a jet plate configured to separate the cooking cavity from the air plenum and direct a flow of the air from the air plenum into the cooking cavity, the jet plate comprising:
a body configured to be disposed along a top wall or a bottom wall of the cooking cavity, wherein the body comprises a front end disposed proximate to a front of the cooking cavity, a rear end disposed proximate to a rear of the cooking cavity, and left and right ends disposed proximate respectively to left and right sides of the cooking cavity; and one or more structured air inlets that are openings through the body, each of the structured air inlets comprising a plurality of holes and slots that are alternatingly arranged and serially connected;
wherein the body is a substantially rectangular shaped, flat plate.
33. The oven of claim 32, wherein each of the structured air inlets extends along a substantially straight line.
34. The oven of claim 32, wherein each of the slots comprises two substantially parallel straight edges having substantially equal lengths.
35. The oven of claim 32, wherein edges of each of the holes form substantially circular arcs.
36. The oven of claim 32, wherein a width of each of the slots is smaller than a diameter of each of the holes.
37. The oven of claim 32, wherein a length of each of the slots is greater than a diameter of each of the holes.
38. The oven of claim 32, wherein a number of the holes is greater than a number of the slots in at least one of the structured air inlets.
39. The oven of claim 32, wherein at least one of the structured air inlets begins with a hole and ends with a hole.
40. The oven of claim 32, wherein each of the structured air inlets extends longitudinally in parallel to a direction from the front end of the body to the rear end of the body.
41. The oven of claim 32, wherein each of the structured air inlets extends transversely in parallel to a direction from the left end of the body to the right end of the body.
42. The oven of claim 32, wherein each of the structured air inlets extends diagonally in parallel to a direction from where the left and front ends of the body meet to where the right and rear ends of the body meet.
43. The oven of claim 32, wherein each of the structured air inlets extends diagonally in parallel to a direction from where the right and front ends of the body meet to where the left and rear ends of the body meet.
44. The oven of claim 32, wherein all of the structured air inlets are substantially identical in size and dimension.
45. The oven of claim 32, wherein the holes in at least one of the structured air inlets are different in size.
46. The oven of claim 45, wherein the hole disposed proximate to one of the left and right ends of the body is larger in size than the hole disposed proximate to the other one of the left and right ends of the body in at least one of the structured air inlets.
47. The oven of claim 45, wherein the one or more structured air inlets comprise a first structured air inlet disposed proximate to one of the front and rear ends of the body and a second structured air inlet disposed proximate to the other one of the front and rear ends of the body, the holes in the first structured air inlet being larger in size than the holes in the second structured air inlet.
48. The oven of claim 32 further comprising one or more return air openings, wherein the holes of the structured air inlets disposed proximate to the one or more return air openings are smaller in size than the holes of the structured air inlets disposed proximate to an opposite side of the one or more return air openings.
49. The oven of claim 32, wherein one portion of the air plenum has a greater air pressure than other portions of the air plenum and the holes of the structured air inlets disposed proximate to the one portion of the air plenum are smaller in size than the holes of the structured air inlets disposed proximate to the other portions of the air plenum.
50. The oven of claim 32, wherein the one or more structured air inlets in the jet plate comprise two or more substantially parallel structured air inlets and a spacing between adjacent ones of the structured air inlets is configured to avoid a gap or an overlap between coverages of air flows from adjacent structured air inlets on the food product in the cooking cavity.
51. An oven comprising:
a cooking cavity comprising a horizontal portion for placing a food product;
an air plenum for providing an air to the cooking cavity; and
a jet plate configured to direct flows of the air from the air plenum into the cooking cavity, the jet plate comprising:
an air impermeable body disposed substantially horizontally along a top of the cooking cavity, and
air inlets comprising openings through the body,
wherein a shape and a dimension of each of the air inlets, a spacing between two adjacent ones of the air inlets, and a vertical distance between the jet plate and the horizontal portion of the cooking cavity are configured to provide a substantially even coverage of the air flows over the horizontal portion with substantially no gap or overlap in the coverage by the air flows from the two adjacent ones of the air inlets, and
wherein the air inlets are adapted to produce elongate fans of air to provide a set of interconnected columns and sheets of air wherein the columns are adapted to penetrate temperature gradients surrounding food positioned beneath the upper plenum.
52. An oven comprising:
a cooking cavity comprising a horizontal portion for placing a food product;
an air plenum for providing an air to the cooking cavity; and
a jet plate configured to direct flows of the air from the air plenum into the cooking cavity, the jet plate comprising:
an air impermeable body disposed substantially horizontally along a top of the cooking cavity, and
air inlets comprising openings through the body,
wherein a shape and a dimension of each of the air inlets, a spacing between two adjacent ones of the air inlets, and a vertical distance between the jet plate and the horizontal portion of the cooking cavity are configured to provide a substantially even coverage of the air flows over the horizontal portion with substantially no gap or overlap in the coverage by the air flows from the two adjacent ones of the air inlets, and
wherein the air inlets are adapted to produce elongate fans of air spaced to provide even cooking of food positioned beneath the air plenum at areas beneath the air inlets and areas between the air inlets without movement of the food.
53. An oven comprising:
a cooking cavity comprising a horizontal portion for placing a food product;
an air plenum for providing an air to the cooking cavity; and
a jet plate configured to direct flows of the air from the air plenum into the cooking cavity, the jet plate comprising:
an air impermeable body disposed substantially horizontally along a top of the cooking cavity, and
air inlets comprising openings through the body,
wherein a shape and a dimension of each of the air inlets, a spacing between two adjacent ones of the air inlets, and a vertical distance between the jet plate and the horizontal portion of the cooking cavity are configured to provide a substantially even coverage of the air flows over the horizontal portion with substantially no gap or overlap in the coverage by the air flows from the two adjacent ones of the air inlets,
wherein the air inlets are adapted to produce elongate fans of air and the air inlets are a set of spaced parallel conduits corresponding to each fan of air, the conduits extending substantially a full distance between two sidewalls.
54. An oven comprising:
a cooking cavity comprising a horizontal portion for placing a food product;
an air plenum for providing an air to the cooking cavity; and
a jet plate configured to direct flows of the air from the air plenum into the cooking cavity, the jet plate comprising:
an air impermeable body disposed substantially horizontally along a top of the cooking cavity, and
air inlets comprising openings through the body,
wherein a shape and a dimension of each of the air inlets, a spacing between two adjacent ones of the air inlets, and a vertical distance between the jet plate and the horizontal portion of the cooking cavity are configured to provide a substantially even coverage of the air flows over the horizontal portion with substantially no gap or overlap in the coverage by the air flows from the two adjacent ones of the air inlets,
wherein the air inlets are adapted to produce elongate fans of air and the air inlets are a set of spaced parallel conduits corresponding to each fan of air to provide columns of air flanking sheets of air, the conduits extending substantially a full distance between two sidewalls, and
wherein the columns of air are adapted to accelerate air of the sheets.
US15/224,319 2015-06-08 2016-07-29 Oven using structured air Active 2036-12-08 US10088172B2 (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/224,319 US10088172B2 (en) 2016-07-29 2016-07-29 Oven using structured air
US15/426,620 US10088173B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2017-02-07 Low-profile multi-zone oven
CN201780046747.2A CN109690196B (en) 2016-07-29 2017-07-25 Oven using structured air inlets
PCT/US2017/043593 WO2018022545A1 (en) 2016-07-29 2017-07-25 Oven using structured air inlets
BR112019001685-6A BR112019001685B1 (en) 2016-07-29 2017-07-25 OVEN AND JET BOARD
ES17835083T ES2910825T3 (en) 2016-07-29 2017-07-25 Furnace using structured air inlets
EP17835083.1A EP3491297B1 (en) 2016-07-29 2017-07-25 Oven using structured air inlets
US16/148,291 US10890336B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2018-10-01 Thermal management system for multizone oven
US17/126,627 US11754294B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2020-12-18 Thermal management system for multizone oven

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US15/224,319 US10088172B2 (en) 2016-07-29 2016-07-29 Oven using structured air

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US15/094,645 Continuation-In-Part US10337745B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2016-04-08 Convection oven

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US14/733,533 Continuation-In-Part US9677774B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2015-06-08 Multi-zone oven with variable cavity sizes
US15/426,620 Continuation-In-Part US10088173B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2017-02-07 Low-profile multi-zone oven

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US10088172B2 true US10088172B2 (en) 2018-10-02

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