US1084707A - Fluid-power hammer. - Google Patents

Description

J. NAZEL & R. E. BATES.

FLUID POWER HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 21, 1911.

1,084,707, Patented Jan. 20, 1914.

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J. NAZEL & R. E. BATES.

FLUID POWER HAMMER.

APPLIUATION FILED 1120.21.1911

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FLUID POWER HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED nno.21,1911

1 ,O84,707. Patented Jan. 20, 1914.

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JOHN NAZEL AND RALPH E. BATES, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA; SAID BATES ASSIGNOR TO SAID NAZEL.

FLUID-POWER HAMMER.

Application filed December 21, 1911.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 20, 1914.

Serial No. 667,200.

To all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that we, JOHN NAZEL and I RALPH E. Bares, citizens of the United States, residing in the city of Philadelphia, l county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvel ments in Fluid-Power Hammers, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention is a power hammer comprising improved fluid pressure mechanism ,1 for operating the ram continuously, striking a single blow with continuous pressure, and maintaining the ram in the elevated position. j

The characteristic features and advantages of our improvements are fully disclosed in the following description and the accompanying drawings in illustration thereof.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a hammer head embodying our improvements; Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the same; Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view transverse to that shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the rotary valve controlling the passages communicating with the tops of the power and ram cylinders; Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the rotary valve cont-rolling the passages communicating with the bottoms of said cylinders; Fig. 6 is a sectional view representing the position of the rotary valves for holding the ram elevated; Fig. 7 is a sectional view representing the positions of the rotary valves for eflecting the continuous full blow action; and Fig. 8 is a sectional view representing the positions of the rotary valves for effecting the single blow action.

The hammer, as illustrated in the drawings," comprises the standard 1 having the head 2 provided with the power cylinder 3 containing the hollow piston i, which works 011 the cylinder 5 fixed to the top of such 5 power cylinder, and a ram cylinder G containing the hollow ram 7 having the piston 7 which works on the hollow piston 8 fixed to the top of such ram cylinder. The piston 8 communicates through the duct 8 with the atmosphere and through the passages 8 and 8, connected by the chamber 8, with the interior of the ram 7. The chamber S contains a ball 8 adapted to close the passage 3 8 and prevent the escape of air from the l interior of the rising ram 7 when such air has been compressed sufliciontly, whereby the upward movement of the ram is checked by an air cushion While air is admitted freely on the downward stroke. A differential piston S is fixed on the bottom of the piston 8 and enters the differential cylinder 7 of the ram as it approaches the upper limit of its stroke, whereby the ram, in its upward movement, is provided with a further check to protect the mechanism against shock and to a initially accelerate the return movement.

The tops of the cylinders 3 and G are connected by the passages 9 and 9 through the cylindrical valve seat 10 which communicates with the passages 11 and 12, and the bottoms of such cylinders are connected by the passages 18 and 13 through the cylindrical valve seat 14 which communicates with the passages 15 and 16. Communication between the passages 9 and 13 by way of the cylinder 6 is established through the passage 17 of the piston 7 when in its highest position, in which position the latter passage registers with the passage 18 of the piston 8 which communicates with the passage 9.

The passage 11. communicates with the atmosphere through the ports 19 under control of the check valve 20, the latter being automatically seated on the ports by the spring 21. engaging its stem 22 and bearing 23. The passage 12 communicates with the atmosphere through the passage 24. The passage 15 communicates through a connected passage 25 with the end of the valve seat 14 under control of a check valve 26 which is normally seated by the spring 27 disposed between such valve and the bearing 28. The passage 16 is in constant communication with the atmosphere. The valve seats 10 and 14 are connected by a passage 29.

A cylindrical valve 30, adapted to rotate in the seat 10, is provided with the port 31 which connnunicates with the passage 9, the communicating port 32 adapted for registration with the passages 9 and 11, the port 33 adapted for connecting the passage 9 with the passage 12, the port 34.- adapted for communication with the passage 9, and the check valve 35 which controls the passage 36 by which the ports 31 and 32 are adapted to communicate with the passage 29, the valve being held on its seat by the spring 37 disposed between such valve and the bearing 38 in which the valve stem 39 reciprocates.

A. cylindrical valve 40, adapted to rotate in the seat 1 1, is provided with the port 11 which communicates with the passage 13, the connected port 42 adapted for communication with the passages 13 and 15, the port 43 adapted for connecting the passage 13 with the passage 16, a port 44 adapted for connecting the passage 13 with the valve chamber 45, and a port 46 adapted for connecting the passage 29 with the chamber 45.

The valve 30 has a stem 47 with arms'48 and 49 fixed thereto, and the valve 40 has a stem 50 with the arm 51 fixed thereto and the arm 52 journaled thereon, the arms 48 and 51 being connected by a link 53 and the arms 49 and 52 by the link 54. The arm 51 has fixed thereto a sector 55 provided with the stop 56 and the notch 57, and the arm 52 has fixed thereto a sector 58 provided with the stop 59 and notch 60. A lever 61 is loosely mounted on the stem 50 and provided with a bolt 62 movable longitudinally in the guide 63, the bolt having a laterally projecting stud 64 adapted to be set to engage the parts 56, 57, 59 and 60 as hereinafter described. A lever 65 is fulcrumed on the lever 61 and connected by the link 66 with the bolt 62, a spring 67 connecting the link and lever 61 to draw back the bolt. lVith this mechanism in the position shown in Fig. 1, the rotary valves are in the positions shown in Fig. 6 and the ram is held in the elevated position shown in Fig. 2. Upon shifting the lever 61 to the right, the stud 64 being engaged in the notch 57, the sector is moved thereby, to move the rotary valves to the continuous full stroke position shown in Fig. 7, the sector acting through the stem 50 to turn the valve 40 and through the parts 51, 53, 48 and 47 to turn the valve 30, and the movement being limited by the engagement of the stud 64 with the stop 59. With the mechanism in the position illustrated in Fig. 1, if the lever 65 be pressed toward the lever 61, the stud will be engaged in the notch 60, when, upon throwing the lever 61 to the right, the sector 58 will be carried therewith until the movement is stopped by the engagement of the stud with the stop 56, the sector acting through the parts 52, 54, 49, 47, 48, 53, 51 and 50 to shift the rotary valves to the position shown in Fig. 8.

lVith the mechanism in the position illustrated in Figs. 2 and 6, the downward stroke of the piston 4 reduces the internal pressure upon the valve 20, which is opened by the unbalanced external pressure, and air is admitted through the ports 19 to the space above this piston, while air below the same is expelled through the passages 13, 41, 42, 15, 25, 45,44, 13, cylinders 6, passages 17,18, 9, 33, 12, and 24 to the atmosphere; acting to move the ram to or maintain it in the elevated position as its lower position effects the closure of the passage 17 and confines the air below it. The upward stroke of the piston 4 drives the air above it out through the passages 9, 31, 36, 29, 46, 45, 44, 13,

cylinder 6 passages 17, 18, 9, 33, 12 and 24 to the atmosphere; acting to move the ram to or maintain it in the upper position. Therefore, in this position of the controlling valves, the force of the power piston in both the forward and reverse stroke is communicated to the underside of the ram piston to maintain it in the elevated position.

VV ith the valves in the positions illustrated in Fig. 7, the downward stroke of the piston 4 exhausts air from the passages 9, 31, 32, 9 and the cylinder 6 above the piston 7 and forces air through the passages 13, 41, 42, 13 into the cylinder 6 below the piston 7, whereby the ram is elevated, the compression of the air below the ram piston being relieved by discharging through the registering passages 17 and 18 and the passages 9, 32, 31 and 9 to the space above the piston 4. The upward stroke of the power piston exhausts air from the passages 13, 41, 42, and 13 and the cylinder 6 below the piston 7 and forces air through the passages 9, 31, 32, and 9 to the cylinder 6 above such rain piston. Therefore pressure and suction augment gravity in carrying down the ram, which reciprocates continuously and strikes its full blow.

With the valves in the positions illustrated in Fig. 8, the downward stroke of the piston 4 forces air through the passages 13, e1, 42, 15, 25, 45, 4a, 13, 4.3 and 16 to the atmosphere and exhausts the passages 9, 31, 32 and 11, whereby the valve 20 is opened and air is admitted through the ports 19, the piston 7 being in or falling by gravity to its lower position, since the lower part of the cylinder 6 is now connected with the atmosphere through the passages 13, 43 and 16. Upon the upward stroke of the piston 4, air is forced through the passages 9, 31, 36, 34, and 9 to the cylinder 6 above the piston 7, which is held down thereby.

Having described our invention, we claim:

1. In a fluid power hammer, a head comprising a power cylinder, a ram cylinder, a valve seat, a valve movable relatively to said seat, passages connecting said seat with an end of each of said cylinders,'said passages being controlled by said valve, a second valve seat, a valve movable relatively to said second seat, passages connecting said second seat with an end of each of said cylinders, and a passage connecting said seats and controlled by said valves.

2. In a fluid power hammer, a head comprising a power cylinder, a ram cylinder, a cylindrical valve seat, a rotary valve in said seat, passages connecting said seat with ends of said cylinders, a passage connecting said seat with the atmosphere, and a check valve controlling said last named passage and adapted to prevent the escape of motive fluid therethrough.

3. In a fluid power hammer, a power cylinder and a piston therein, a ram cylinder and a piston therein, a cylindrical valve seat, passages connecting said seat with ends of said cylinders, passages connecting said seat with the atmosphere, a check valve preventing escape of motive fluid through one of said last named passages, and a valve in said seat for controlling said passages.

4. In a tluid power hammer, a power cyl inder and a piston therein, a ram cylinder and a piston therein, a valve seat and passages connecting said seat with an end of each of said cylinders, a second valve seat and passages connecting said second seat with an end of each of said cylinders, passages connccting said seats with the atmosphere, and valves in said seats for controlling said passages.

In a fluid power hammer, a power cylinder and a piston therein, a ram cylinder and a piston therein, a valve seat and passages connecting said seat with ends of said cylinders, a second valve seat and passages connecting said seat with other ends of said cylinders, a passage connecting said valve seats, a check valve for controlling said last named passage, and valves in said seats for controlling the passages connected therewith.

(J. In a fluid power hammer, a power cylinder and a piston therein, a ram cylinder and a piston therein. a valve seat and passages connecting said seat with the tops of said cylinders, a second valve seat and passages connecting said second seat with the bottoms of said cylinders, distinct passages whereby said seats are connected, and valves in said seats whereby the passages connected therewith are controlled.

7 In a fluid power hammer, a power cylinder and a piston therein, a ram cylinder and a piston therein, a valve seat and passages connecting said seat with the tops of said cylinders, a passage connecting said seat with the atmosphere, a second valve seat and passages connecting said second seat with the bottoms of said cylinders, a passageconnecting said second seat with the atmosphere, a passage connecting said seats, and valves in said seats for controlling said passages.

8. In a fluid power hammer, a power cylinder and a piston therein, a ram cylinder and a piston therein, a valve seat, passages connecting said seat with the tops of said cylinders, passages connecting said seat with the atmosphere, a check valve for controlling one of said last named passages, a second valve seat, passages connecting said second seat with the bottoms of said cylinders, a passage connecting said second seat with the atmosphere, a passage connecting said seats, a check valve for controlling said last named passage, and valves in said seats tor controlling said passages.

9. In a fluid power hammer, a power cylinder and a piston therein, a ram cylinder and a piston therein, a cylindrical valve seat, passages connecting said seat with ends of said cylinders, a second cylindrical valve seat, passages connecting said seat with other ends of said cylinders, rotary valves in said seats for controlling said passages, and means for operatin said valves in unison, said means comprising a pair of sectors, a lever and mechanism whereby said lever can be engaged to either of said sectors.

10. In a fluid power hammer, a power cylinder and a piston therein, a ram cylinder and a piston therein, a cylindrical valve seat, passages connecting said seat with ends of said cylinders, a second cylindrical valve seat, passages connecting said second seat with ends of said cylinders, rotary valves in said seats for controlling said passages, and means for operating said valves, said means comprising arms fixed to one of said valves, a pair of sectors one of which is fixed and the other of which is movable relatively to the other of said valves, devices for connecting said sectors to said arms, a lever, and mechanism whereby said lever is adapted to move either of said sectors and the movement stopped by the other of said sectors.

1.1,. A fluid power hammer comprising a cylinder, a power piston therein, a second cylinder, a ram having a piston head disposed in said second cylinder, and means comprising valve mechanism for admitting motive fluid from said. first cylinder to said second cylinder upon one side of said piston head upon the movement of said power piston in either direction.

12. A fluid power hammer comprising a cylinder, a power piston therein, a second cylinder, a ram having a piston head disposed in said second cylinder, and means comprising adjustable valve mechanism for admitting motive fluid from said first to said second cylinder, said valve mechanism in one position thereof admitting motive fluid from said first cylinder to said second cylinder upon one side of said piston head upon the movement of said power piston in either direction, and said valve mechanism in a second position thereof admitting motive fluid from said first cylinder to said second cylinder alternately upon opposite sides of said piston head upon the reciprocation ot said power piston.

13. A fluid power hammer comprising a cylinder, a power piston therein, a second cylinder, a ram having a piston head disposed in said second cylinder, and means comprising adjustable valve mechanism for admitting motive fluid from said first to said second cylinder, said valve mechanism in one position thereof admitting motive fluid from said first to said second cylinder on one side of said piston head upon the movement of said poWer piston in one direction, said valve mechanism in a second position thereof admitting motive fluid from said first to said second cylinder on the opposite 5 side of said piston upon the movement of said power piston in either direction, and said valve mechanism in a third position thereof admitting motive fluid from said first cylinder to said second cylinder alter- 10 nately upon opposite sides of said piston head upon the reciprocation of said power piston.

14. A fluid poWcr hammer comprising a cylinder a ram having a piston head dis- 15 posed in said cylinder means comprising Valve mechanism for admitting motive fluid to said cylinder alternately on opposite sides of said piston head and means for permitting the escape of motive fluid from said cylinder as said ram approaches a limit of 20 its stroke.

In Witness whereof We have hereunto set our names this 13th day of December, 1911, in the presence of the subscribing Witnesses.

JOHN NAZEL. RALPH E. BATES.

l/Vitnesses C. H. VVACKEMAGEL, H. W. WVIMER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents.

Washington, D. G.

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