UA71905C2 - Method for drilling and completing a hydrocarbon production well - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for drilling and completing a hydrocarbon production well comprises the steps of: A) drilling a section of a borehole into an underground formation; inserting a casing into the drilled borehole section and radially expanding and securing the casing within said borehole section; B) lowering a drill bit through the expanded casing and drilling a subsequent section of the borehole; inserting a next casing into said subsequent section of the borehole and radially expanding and securing said next casing within said subsequent borehole section; and C) repeating, if required, step В a number of times until the borehole has reached the vicinity of a hydrocarbon bearing formation.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to a method of drilling and completing a production well for the extraction of hydrocarbons, such as a well for the extraction of oil and/or gas.

Traditionally, production wells for hydrocarbon extraction are first formed by drilling a large section of the wellbore, into which a large-diameter casing pipe is inserted and cemented to stabilize the walls of the wellbore. A smaller diameter wellbore extension is then drilled and casing is inserted into the aforementioned extension so that the aforementioned subsequent casing 70 extends from the bottom of the aforementioned extension to the top of the wellbore, after which the aforementioned subsequent casing is cemented inside the wellbore extension and also inside the pre- installed casing pipe.

This process is repeated until the wellbore approaches the hydrocarbon reservoir. If this reservoir is unstable, the casing is extended into the reservoir and then perforated to provide 72 hydrocarbon injection. If the hydrocarbon layer is stable, an almost uncased well is formed, into which a permeable production casing is inserted and surrounded, for example, by a gravel filter.

The production casing is usually connected to the lower end of the production string, which is lowered through the casing so that it spans the length of the wellbore from the wellhead to the hydrocarbon reservoir zone, where the tubing system is sealed to the casing by a production packer .

Since the wellbore wall and the inner surface of the pre-installed casing may be non-standard and the wellbore may be bent, significant clearances are required between the various casings and the production string, resulting in a large amount of non-productive annular space, and perform redundant drilling work. with

As a rule, in an operational well for the extraction of hydrocarbons, the diameter of the upper section of the trunk (3 wells near the surface of the earth and the inner diameter of the upper part of the casing pipe can exceed half a meter, while the inner diameter of the operational pump-compressor string, through which hydrocarbons are extracted, is from 10 to 25 centimeters.

Numerous attempts have been made to reduce the amount of unproductive annular space in wells. In the descriptions of US patents MoMoZ3,162,245; 3,203,483 and 5,014,779 describe the use of originally corrugated pipes, which av! expanded to a cylindrical shape from the inside of the casing by a sliding mandrel or sphere. The disadvantage of using corrugated pipes is that they are difficult to manufacture and that the walls of expanded pipes may have uneven strength around the circumference, which reduces their reliability. "--

In the International Patent Application, publication Mo MUO 93/25799, the application of an almost cylindrical

From the casing pipe, which is expanded relative to the wall of the wellbore with a sliding mandrel so as to cause compressive forces between the casing pipe and the surrounding formation.

This known expandable casing can be located between the conductor casing located in the upper part of the wellbore and the production casing located in "4, the lower part of the wellbore. Since the conductor and production casing strings are not expanded in the C 70 well, this well-known casing stringing technology is also associated with the use of traditional c fragments of the casing pipe, which require drilling of an oversize wellbore or expansion

From" the casing, which is inserted and expanded after drilling the full length of the wellbore, which is not always possible.

The method according to the preamble of point 1 of the formula is known from the French patent application Mo2741907. In this known method, a flexible hose is used, which, after being inserted into the well, is inflated by the introduction of a heavy liquid, and then hardened by polymerization. The difficulties of this method are that the two-stage blowing and chemical curing process takes a lot of time and gives a fragile pipe that may have inadequate strength and shape. The objective of this invention is to provide a method of drilling and completing an operational well for hydrocarbon extraction, according to which a casing pipe is installed or extended to protect the wellbore walls from collapse during various phases of the drilling process, and installation of both the casing pipe and the operational pumping -compressor column is carried out in such a way that at least along a significant part of the length of the wellbore, the total width of the annular spaces between the pipe system, casing pipe or casing pipes and the surrounding formation remains minimal. 25 Another object of this invention is to provide a method of forming a well, according to which the amount

GF) of steel structures required for casing and well completion remains minimal. The method according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the casing pipes, which are successively inserted and expanded in the wellbore, are made of a grade of steel suitable for forming, subject to deformation hardening, and are plastically expanded in the radial direction, moving the sliding mandrel through them in the 60 longitudinal direction .

Ideally, only the first casing extends from the ground surface into the wellbore, and each subsequent casing only partially overlaps the previously installed casing.

In this case, in the optimal version, the overlapping length of successive segments of the casing pipe is less than 1095 of the length of each casing pipe, and at least along a significant part of the length of the wellbore from the surface of the earth to the zone of the hydrocarbon layer, the fluctuation of the diameter of the wellbore is less than

In this case, a wellbore of small diameter is formed, which is almost uniform along its entire length, and this wellbore is drilled with minimal effort and with a minimal number of steel structures installed in the wellbore.

However, in some circumstances it may still be required that each of the at least two casings that are then inserted into the wellbore reach the wellhead.

In addition, optimally, after the above-mentioned casings are installed, a production string is inserted into the wellbore 7/0, so that the production string extends from the ground surface to the hydrocarbon reservoir zone, and the pipe system expands radially inside the extended casing string .

Accordingly, the casings, and optionally the tubing system, are plastically expanded in the radial direction by moving a sliding mandrel through them in the longitudinal direction, and are made of a suitable 7/5 Forming grade of steel which undergoes strain hardening without undergoing any transverse tapering and viscous failure as a result of the expansion process, and the sliding mandrel has a metal surface.

In this case, in the best case, the sliding mandrel has a cone-shaped ceramic surface, and the pipe and casing system is made of a formable grade of steel that has a ratio of yield strength to ultimate tensile strength lower than 0.8 and a yield strength of at least 275 MPa.

Preference is also given to the variant in which the operational pump-compressor string and at least one of the casing pipes consists of a pipe that is inserted into the wellbore by unwinding the pipe from the winding drum.

Alternatively, the operational pumping string and/or at least one of the casings can be made of several pipe sections that are connected to each other at the wellhead by screwing, welding or gluing to form an elongated pipe of a substantially cylindrical shape , which i) can be expanded and installed in the well in accordance with the method according to the invention.

The invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures, where Fig. 1 is a longitudinal cross-section of a well, which includes sequentially located radially expanded casing pipes of almost uniform diameter, which were installed using the method according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 shows the well from Fig. 1, in which the operational pump-compressor string has been expanded in about successive casing pipes; b

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal cross-section of sequentially located retractable expanded casing pipes and an operational pump-compressor column, which were installed in accordance with the method according to --

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Fig. A4 is a longitudinal cross-section of the operational pump-compressor column, which is expanded in the well using a sliding mandrel.

Figure 1 shows the borehole 1 extending from the surface of the earth 2 through several underground layers 3, 4, 5 and into the oil and/or gas layer 7.

In the example shown, it is assumed that casing 8, 9, 10 or 11 is to be inserted to protect the wellbore 1 from collapse whenever the wellbore 1 crosses the boundary 12, 13, 14 or 15 between the different formations 3, 4, 5 , 6 or 7. ;" Accordingly, first the first and upper segment TA of the wellbore 1 is drilled, and after reaching limit 12, the upper casing pipe 8 is inserted into the upper part of the wellbore 1A and expanded radially with the help of a sliding mandrel 16. The expanded casing pipe 8 can be attached to the wall -I wellbore using a ring (not shown) made of cement or glue. In an alternative version, the extended casing pipe 8 is attached to the wellbore wall by friction. Such friction can occur - if the outer surface of the casing pipe 8 is equipped with spikes (not shown) and/or the casing pipe is radially pressed into the layer 3.

Then the drill bit is lowered through the upper casing pipe 8 to the lower part of the first segment of the well barrel LA o and the second segment 18 of the well barrel 1 is drilled. After reaching the next sp boundary 13, the second casing pipe is lowered through the first casing pipe 8 to the lower part of the second segment of the well barrel 18 9 and radially expanded using a sliding mandrel 16.

When the sliding mandrel 16 reaches the area where the casing pipes 8 and 9 overlap each other coaxially, the second casing pipe 9 further expands the first casing pipe 8, creating a strong connection and sealing that occurs due to frictional force and compressive force. In order to weaken the growing force of expansion in the overlap zone (F), the length along which the casing pipes 8 and 9 overlap each other is relatively small, in the optimal version - less than 1096 of the length of the shortest casing pipe 8 and 9, and the lower part of the upper casing 8 may be pre-expanded and/or provided with notches or grooves (not shown) which are expanded or forced open during the expansion process.

The second casing pipe 9 is attached to the wellbore wall in the same way as the first casing pipe 8.

In addition, the second and any subsequent sections of the borehole 18, 1C and 10 are drilled with the help of an expander crown, which is capable of drilling the borehole 1 of almost the same diameter along almost the entire length. 65 Then the third and fourth sections of wellbore 1C and 10 are drilled and cased as described with reference to the second section of wellbore 18.

In the lower part of the segment 10, a sliding mandrel 16 is shown which moves downwardly in a longitudinal direction through the lowermost casing 11, thus radially expanding the casing 11 as described in more detail with reference to Fig.4.

Fig. 2 shows the borehole 1 from Fig. 1, in which the operational pump-compressor column 17 is installed, moving through it the sliding mandrel 18 in the longitudinal direction.

The pipe system 17 is expanded to an outer diameter that is substantially equal to the internal diameter of the expanded casing pipes, so that the production pump-compressor string 17 forms an internal casing for the casing pipes 8, 9, 10 and 11, and so that the walls of the pipe system 17 and the casing pipes 8, 9 , 10 and 11 /o mutually strengthened each other. The lower end of the production string extending beyond the lower end of the lowermost casing 11 into the oil or gas reservoir 7 may have staggered axial cuts (not shown) that open to a diamond shape as a result of the pipe expansion process to to allow the oil and/or gas from the reservoir 7 to enter the wellbore 1, after which they flow upward through the internal pipe system 17 to the ground surface 75 2.

Instead of axial incisions on the inlet section of the lower end of the operational pump-compressor column 17, non-slit holes can also be provided on it. These holes can be round, oval or square, punched or cut into the walls of the pipes and arranged in an overlapping or non-overlapping pattern, staggered or not.

The presence of such non-slotted openings creates a pipe system that, after expansion, generally has greater strength than an expandable pipe system with axial cuts staggered and overlapped.

Expandable casings 8, 9, 10 and 11 may also be provided with at least a few slotted or non-slotted openings in order to alleviate the forces required to expand these casings, particularly in areas where casings 8, 9, 10 and 11 overlap each other, and in other zones, such as the bent sections of the wellbore 1, where the expansion force is high. and)

It is clear that in this case, the operational pump-compressor string 17 is not perforated in the zones where any of the casing pipes 8, 9, 10 and 11 are perforated in order to maintain the fluid impermeability between the internal space of the pipe system 17 and the surrounding formations 3, 4, 5 and 6. Figure 3 shows the borehole 20, which was drilled into the underground layer 21.

In the upper section of the wellbore 20A, the first casing pipe 22 is installed and expanded. In the example shown, the upper section of the wellbore 20A has an internal diameter of approximately 25.4 cm. Gee!

Unexpanded first casing 22 has an outer diameter of approximately 18.8 cm when lowered into the wellbore. The expanded first casing pipe 22 has an outer diameter of approximately 23.4 cm to leave an annular gap around the expanded first casing pipe 22, which is filled with cement 23.

The second wellbore leg 208 is then drilled to an internal diameter of approximately 21cm and the second casing 24 is inserted in the unexpanded form into the wellbore to extend from the top of the wellbore 20 to the bottom of the second leg 208. The unexpanded second casing 24 has an O.D. 15.7 cm, and it is expanded inside the bore of the well 20 to an outer diameter of 19.5 cm. with c The second casing pipe 24 is cemented inside the second section of the wellbore 208 and inside the first casing pipe with a ring of cement 23. ;" Then, from the lower part of the second section of the wellbore 208, the third section of the wellbore 20C, which has an internal diameter of 17.8 cm, is drilled into the formation 21, after which the third section of the casing pipe 25

20 wells are inserted into the well and expanded. The unexpanded third casing 25 has an outer diameter of approximately 13 cm and is expanded to an outer diameter of approximately 16.3 cm.

After that, the fourth segment of the wellbore 200, which has an internal diameter of approximately 14.2 cm, is drilled, and the fourth casing pipe 26 is inserted into the wellbore 20, which is then expanded from

Ge) with an outer diameter of 10.1 cm to an outer diameter of approximately 1 cm.

Inside the fourth casing 26, a production pump-compressor string 27 is inserted and o is extended to the inner surface of the above-mentioned casing pipe 26 to form a sheathed pipe system 27. sp To facilitate the evacuation and/or suppression of fluids in the well and the installation of pipelines for measurement or other equipment in the production the pump-compressor column 27 is inserted into the spiral pipeline for discharge 28 and is hermetically connected near the lower part of the pipe system 27 with the operational OV packer 29.

The withdrawal pipeline 28 has perforations 30 directly above the production packer so that oil (F, and/or gas) can be extracted from the well inlet area, the bottom of the withdrawal pipeline 28 and the perforations 30 into the production pump-compressor string 27.

As a result of the expansion of the casing pipes 22, 24, 25 and 26 and the operational pump-compressor column 27, it becomes possible to install the operational pump-compressor column, which has an internal diameter of more than 10 cm, in the borehole 20, in which the upper segment 20A has an internal diameter of approximately 25cm

It will be understood by those skilled in the art of drilling production wells for oil and/or gas production that the method according to the invention facilitates the use of production pump-compressor strings 27 of a larger diameter inside a wellbore 20 of a smaller diameter compared to traditional drilling and 65 well completion technologies.

It will also be appreciated that instead of using only expanded casings within the wellbore, one or more casings may remain non-expandable conventional casings. For example, the upper casing may be a conventional casing into which one or more extendable casing sections are inserted, as shown in Fig. 3, and the lower part of the wellbore may be equipped with single casing casings, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 .

Figure 4 shows a wellbore passing through an underground layer 41 and a casing pipe 42, which is fixed in the wellbore using a cement ring 43.

A service pump string 44, made of dual-phase, high-strength low-alloy (NI A) steel or other formable high-strength steel, is suspended within the casing 42. 70 A sliding mandrel 45 is moved longitudinally through the tubing system 44, thus expanding pipe system 44 so that the outer diameter of the expanded pipe system is slightly less than or almost equal to the inner diameter of the casing pipe 42.

The sliding mandrel 45 has several ceramic coatings 46 that limit the friction force between the scraper and the pipe system 44 during the expansion process. In the example shown, the partial top angle A of the conical ceramic surface that 7/5 Actually expands the pipe system is approximately 25". Zirconium oxide has been found to be a suitable ceramic material that can be formed into a smooth conical ring. Experiments and simulations have shown that that if the semi-conical top angle A is between 20" and 30", then the pipe is deformed in such a way that it assumes a 5-shaped shape and touches the cone-shaped part of the ceramic surface 46 almost at the outer end or edge of the above-mentioned conical part and, optionally, also about in the middle of the conical part.

Experiments have also shown that the acquisition of the expandable tube system 44 in a C-shape is advantageous because it reduces the length of the contact surface between the cone-shaped part of the ceramic surface 46 and the tube system 44 and thereby reduces the friction between the sliding mandrel 45 and the tube system 44.

Experiments have also shown that if the above-mentioned partial top angle A is less than 15", then this results in a relatively large frictional force between the pipe and the scraper, and if the above-mentioned top angle is greater than 30", then it will cause excessive plastic deformation due to the plastic bending of the pipe system 44, which also leads to greater heat dissipation and to the abrupt translational movement of the scraper 45 through the pipe system 44. Therefore, i) the above-mentioned partial upper angle A is optimally chosen from 15" to 30", in any case - ranging from 5" to 45".

Experiments also showed that the cone-shaped part of the sliding mandrel 45 should have a non-metallic outer surface to avoid abrasion of the pipe system during expansion. The use of a ceramic surface for the cone-shaped part of the sliding mandrel, in addition, causes a decrease in the average roughness of the inner surface of the pipe system 44 as a result of the expansion process. Experiments also showed that Ge! a sliding mandrel 45 having a ceramic cone-shaped surface 46 can expand the pipe system 45 made of formable steel such that the outer diameter of the pipe system 02 after expansion --

Sv is at least 2095 greater than the outer diameter 01 of the unexpanded pipe system, and that suitable steel for forming is two-phase (OR) high-strength, low-alloy (NZI A) grades of steel, known under the brands ORB5 and ORBbO; Seamless pipe AZTM A106 NOGA, pipes made of austenitic stainless steel ATM AZ12, varieties TR 304 | and TR 316 Her, and high-strength hot-rolled steel with a large residual austenite, known as TKIR steel manufactured by Mirrop Ziee! Sogrogayop. "

The mandrel 45 has a pair of sealing rings 47 located at such a distance from the conical ceramic surface 46 that the rings 47 are opposite the plastically expanded section of the pipe system 44.

Sealing rings serve to avoid the presence of fluid at high hydraulic pressure between the conical;" the ceramic surface 46 of the mandrel 45 and the expandable tubing system 44, which may cause the tubing system 44 to expand excessively.

The sliding mandrel 45 has a central discharge passage 47, which communicates with a spiral discharge line -I 48, through which the fluid can be discharged to the surface. After the expansion process is complete, the scraper 45 may be drawn to the surface via the discharge line, and a coiled squelch and/or diversion line (not shown) may be lowered into the expanded tubing system 44 to facilitate injection of squelch and/or treatment fluids toward zone of hydrocarbon fluid intake, which is usually done through the annulus between the operational pump-compressor string and the casing of the well. However, if tubing 44 is expanded to a smaller diameter, the annular space remaining between casing 42 and the expanded tubing 44 can be used to drain fluids during expansion and inject fluids during production, and in this case there is no the need to use the discharge line 48 and lines for jamming and/or diversion. 5B In conventional wells, it is often necessary to use a production string that has an outside diameter that is less than 5095 of the inside diameter of the lowest casing pipe (F, the well, which facilitates the smooth insertion of the pipe system, even if the well deviates, and ka casing has a non-ideal internal surface. Therefore, it will be appreciated that the method of expanding the tubing system in place in accordance with the present invention increases the efficiency of the wellbore. It will be understood that instead of moving the sliding mandrel 45 through the tubing system 44 by means of hydraulic pressure, the mandrel can also be pull through a pipe system with a cable or push through a pipe system with a string of pipes or rod.

It will also be appreciated that casing 42 and casings 8, 9, 10, 11, 22, 24, 25 and 26 shown in FIG.

1, 2 and 3, can be expanded using an expansion process similar to that described for expanding b5 bistem tubes 44 with reference to Fig. 4, if these casing tubes are also made of a suitable formable grade of steel.

In the optimal version, the expandable operational pump-compressor column and expandable casing pipes are made of a suitable formable grade of steel with a ratio of yield strength to ultimate tensile strength of less than 0.8 and a yield strength of at least 275 MPa.

Now we will further describe the invention on the basis of the following comparative experiments.

Experiment 1.

A sliding mandrel having a conical ceramic surface (partial top angle A of the cone is 20") is moved through a conventional tube used in naphtha fields known as 180.1395 Cg casing, which is a common type of casing having an initial outside diameter of 101 ,bmm (4"), the initial wall thickness is 7/0 5.iomMmmM, the burst pressure is 850bar and the strain hardening index is 0.075. The sliding mandrel is designed in such a way that the outer diameter of the expanded pipe must be 127mm, so that the diameter increase is 2095 .The pipe breaks during the expansion process. The analysis showed that the plasticity limit of the material was exceeded, due to which viscous failure occurred.

Experiment 2.

The experiment was carried out with a spiral pipe system of the OT-800 type, which is increasingly used for operational pump-compressor columns in oil or gas wells. This pipe system had an initial outer diameter of 60 mm, a wall thickness of 5.15 mm, a burst pressure of 800 bar, and a strain hardening index of 0.14. The sliding mandrel was moved through the pipe system, the mandrel having a conical ceramic surface such that the partial upper angle A of the cone subtending the conical surface was 5", and was designed so that the outer diameter of the expanded pipe system was 7mm (an increase of about 21905 ).This pipe system ruptures during the expansion process.The analysis showed that due to the large frictional force, the expansion pressure exceeded the pipe burst pressure during the expansion process.

Experiment 3.

The experiment was carried out with a seamless pipe made of a grade of steel suitable for forming, known as AZTM A 106 Ogade V. The pipe had an initial outer diameter of 101.bmm (4") and an initial wall thickness of 5.75mm and a strain hardening index of 0.175 i)

The sliding mandrel was pumped through the pipe, the mandrel having a ceramic conical surface such that the partial top angle A of the cone subtending the conical surface was 20", and the outside diameter of the expanded pipe was 127mm (5") and the outside diameter increased by 21965 The pipe was successfully expanded and the hydraulic pressure applied to the mandrel to move the mandrel through the pipe ranged from 275 to 300 bar. The burst pressure of the expanded pipe was from 520 to 53Obar. at

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Claims (12)

The formula of the invention 1. The method of drilling and completing an operational well for hydrocarbon extraction, which includes t) stages a) drilling a segment of the wellbore into the underground layer, inserting the casing pipe into the drilled segment of the wellbore and radial expansion and fixing of the casing pipe in the aforementioned segment of the wellbore, b ) lowering the drill bit through the extended casing pipe and drilling the next (2) wellbore segment, inserting the next casing pipe into the above-mentioned next wellbore segment and radially expanding and securing the above-mentioned next casing pipe, C5 which is characterized in that the said next casing pipe set with a coaxial overlap with pre-installed casing pipe, and said next casing pipe is expanded relative to the pre-installed casing pipe with further expansion of this pre-installed casing pipe, and c) repeating, if necessary, step b) several times, until the wellbore reaches the "hydrocarbon reservoir". 2. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that only the first casing pipe extends from the surface of the earth into the wellbore, and each subsequent casing pipe only partially overlaps the previously installed casing pipe. g» lnu pipe buckets and consecutive video ! C. The method according to claim 2, which is characterized by the fact that the length by which successive sections of the casing pipe overlap each other is less than 1095 of the length of the casing pipe itself. 4. The method according to claim 3, which differs in that at least along a significant part of the length of the wellbore from the surface of the earth to the zone of the hydrocarbon layer, the fluctuation of the diameter of the wellbore is less than 10965. - 5. The method according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that each of at least two casing pipes, which are sequentially inserted into the wellbore, extends to the wellhead. re) 6. The method according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that after installing the above-mentioned casing pipes in the barrel of 50 wells, an operational pump-compressor string is inserted so that the operational pump-compressor string extends from the surface of the earth to the zone of the hydrocarbon layer, with a radial expansion of the system pipes inside a column of expanded casing pipes. 7. The method according to claim 1 or 6, which is characterized in that the casing pipes and, optionally, the pipe system are plastically expanded in the radial direction by moving through them a sliding mandrel in the longitudinal direction, and their 2 o is made of a suitable formable grade of steel, which is subject to strain hardening, not subject to any transverse narrowing and viscous failure as a result of the expansion process, and that Ф) and and use a sliding mandrel, which has a cone-shaped non-metallic surface along part of its length. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the sliding mandrel has a cone-shaped ceramic surface, and the pipe system and casing pipes are made of a formable grade of steel having a ratio of 60 yield strength to ultimate tensile strength lower than 0.8 and yield strength of at least 275 MPa. 9. The method according to claim 6, which is characterized by the fact that the operational pumping column and at least one of the casing pipes consists of a pipe that is inserted into the wellbore by unwinding the pipe from the winding drum. 10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the cone-shaped ceramic surface of the sliding mandrel limits the 65 partial upper angle A, which is from 5" to 45". 11. The method according to claim 10, which is characterized in that the aforementioned partial upper angle A is from 15" to Zo". 12. The method according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that at least the lowest casing pipe is equipped with cuts or holes. 5. Kk K-4. . . new Official Bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated microcircuits", 2005, M 1, 15.01.2005. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. s o IS) o (22) "- h- - with . and? -I - se) o 50 sl F) ime) 60 b5