UA148378U - METHOD OF OBTAINING FUNGICIDAL COMPOSITION FOR PROTECTION OF PLANTS FROM PATIENTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of obtaining a fungicidal composition for protecting plants from pathogens, which is prepared in the form of a flowing concentrate, for this purpose in the reactor with a stirrer load water 10-60% by volume of the drug, add an emulsifier, for example, Nekal BX BX 0, 5-1.5%, surfactants as such use, for example, organosilicone 0.2-1.0%, a dispersing agent, for example, the sodium salt of polynaphthalenesulfonic acid 1-10%, an antiseptic, for example, sodium benzoate 0.1-1 %. Heat to 40-60 ° C, mix thoroughly, then add 1-25% flutriafol and 10-65% thyme. Stir and add antifreeze, for example, propylene glycol 0.2-4.5%, thickener, for example, xanthan gum 0.3-1%, stabilizer, for example, carboxymethylcellulose 0.1-2% and red dye 30 g. After complete mixing for 20-30 minutes cooled to 20 ° C and perform an analytical analysis of the amount of active substances and add water to the required amount. 1

Description

The utility model belongs to the field of agriculture, namely to pesticide compositions for the treatment of seed and other planting material, crops, and can be used as a formulation for pre-sowing treatment of seeds against pathogens of cereal grain crops, in particular powdery mildew, seed mold, root rot and other pathogens.

One of the main problems of agriculture is preserving the quality of seed or planting material, preventing the spread of disease and plant pests, as well as losses of the potential yield of cultivated plants associated with them. This problem is solved by treating seeds and planting material of agricultural crops, sown areas and soil in the places where plants grow, and if necessary, the crops and plants themselves, with means of protection - pesticides.

Diseases of plants that damage field, grain and fruit crops can cause a significant decrease in productivity, in connection with this, costs increase for both the producer and the consumer. In addition to being very damaging, plant diseases are difficult to control and can develop resistance to fungicides. There are many drugs for these purposes, but there is still a need for new fungicidal compounds and methods of obtaining them, which are more effective, less expensive, less toxic, safer for the environment or have different spheres of action.

Contact fungicides that have been in use for a long time no longer provide stable and sufficient effectiveness, therefore, an intensive search is now being made for new methods and compounds with fungicidal activity, as well as compositions of known fungicidal substances that provide certain advantages in such a combination. The appearance of such compositions makes it possible to provide a wide range of protection against fungal pathogens, and also allows effective fight against pathogens of fungal diseases that have acquired resistance to certain fungicides.

In order to reduce the pesticide load and obtain more environmentally friendly products in modern crop production, the development and mastering of technologies aimed at reducing the number of applied active substances and the number of treatments to protect plants from pests and diseases is underway.

From Flutriafol. English name: RiIshigiatoY. Group of chemical composition: Triazoles

Formula: C16NIZR2MZO Flutriafol |(g) -0-(2-fluorophenyl)-a0-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol - pesticide, fungicide from the class of triazole derivatives. Structural formula

M o, m -shg- v

It is characterized by a wide spectrum of action to combat cereal diseases, to protect legumes, fruit and other crops. It is used in agriculture to combat airborne, seed and soil infections. Physicochemical properties: white crystalline substance, soluble in acetone, ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide and dichloromethane, insoluble in methanol. Quite stable. Physical characteristics: molecular weight 301.3; melting point 130 "C; vapor pressure at 20 "C 400 NPA; Solubility in water at pH-7 - 0.013 95; solubility in water 130 mg/l. Effect on harmful organisms Systemic fungicide flutriafol suppresses the development of rust, powdery mildew on grapes and grain crops, cercosporosis of sugar beets, apple scab. Weakly effective against cercosporeliasis and fusariosis. It has a long-lasting protective effect for up to 8 weeks and a good therapeutic effect, has a deep effect. In plants, it moves acropetally. The waiting period is 30 days. The active substance is an example of targeted synthesis, which is carried out thanks to computer computational design. The geometry of the molecule perfectly corresponds to the geometry of the active center of the specific protein involved in the synthesis of ergosterol. Mechanism of action. The substance blocks the biosynthesis of ergosterol, thereby disrupting the formation of the cell membrane and the development of mycelial hyphae. It also has a fumigant effect, especially in relation to powdery mildew fungi. Application

Registered preparations based on flutriafol are approved for use against diseases of winter and spring wheat (various types of rust, pyrenophorosis, powdery mildew, fusarium head blight, septoriosis), spring and winter barley (various types of spotting, rust, rhynchosporosis, powdery mildew), sugar beet ( fomosis, powdery mildew, cercosporosis), apple tree (scab, powdery mildew), grape (oidium); tebuconazole and flutriafol against diseases of winter and spring wheat (various types of rot, powdery mildew, seed mold, septoriosis (in the early stages)), winter wheat (fusarium snow mold), spring and winter barley (various types of soot, rot, spotting, mold seeds), oats (various types of soot, rotten, moldy seeds); thiabendazole and flutriafol against diseases of spring wheat (commercial crops) (hard head, various rots, seed mold, septoriosis), spring wheat (seed crops) (chicken smut), winter wheat (various types of smut and rot, septoriosis, powdery mildew, mold seeds, brown rust, snow mold), spring and winter barley (stone head, rot, spots, etc.), flax (anthracnose, spot), sunflower (white rot (root form), Phomopsis, seed mold), peas (rotting, seed mold), rice (gilli, Pleso Even seed, piricular disease), millet (fusarium seed infection, panicle head, seed mold); flutriafol, tebuconazole and imazalil against diseases of winter and spring wheat (various types of rot, powdery mildew, seed mold, etc.); winter wheat (fusarium snow mold), spring barley (various types of soot, rot, net spotting, seed mold, etc.); flutriafol and thiabendazole against diseases of winter and spring wheat (various types of rot, seed mold, hard head, brown rust, septoriosis), spring and winter barley (root rot, seed mold, head), oats (various types of soot, red-brown spot , mold of seeds), oats (various types of smut, red-brown spotting, mold of seeds), corn (for grain) (various types of smut, rot, mold of seeds), long-legged flax (anthracnose, spot), etc.; flutriafol, thiabendazole and imazalil against diseases of spring wheat (rot, various types of smut, septoriosis, powdery mildew, rust, seed mold), winter wheat (various types of rot, heads, snow mold, seed mold, septoriosis, brown rust), spring barley and winter (various types of rot, head rot, seed mold), oat (various types of rot, head, red-brown spotting, seed mold), spring and winter rapeseed (root rot of Fusarium-pitiosis etiology, alternaria, seed mold). The full list of mixtures and processed crops can be found on the website by following the links in the table

From below. Tank mixtures. Compatible in tank mixtures with other fungicides, herbicides and chlorholyl chloride. Phytotoxicity. Not phytotoxic for plants. Toxicological properties and characteristics Useful species. Due to long-term preservation in water and toxicity to organisms, flutriafol is dangerous for aquatic organisms. Moderately dangerous for bees.

Low toxicity for birds and fish. Dangerous for earthworms and soil microorganisms: even with an increased rate of consumption (1 kg per year/ha), it did not have a negative effect on the number, mass and species composition of earthworms, as well as on microbiological processes in the soil. Warm-blooded

Belongs to the third class of human danger; especially dangerous when entering through the respiratory tract, can cause skin irritation. LD5O for rats - 1480 mg/kg.

Irritates the mucous membranes of the eyes. The skin-resorptive dose for rats is more than 1 g/kg. At 90-day feeding with food in doses of 20 and 5 mg/kg of feed, it did not cause negative phenomena, respectively, in rats and rabbits. In the soil. The half-life in the soil is DT50-65-125 days. Flutriafol is a new generation fungicide belonging to the class of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (conazole fungicide), which has biological activity against a wide range of pathogens of agricultural crops. It is a universal system-contact fungicide that has a protective and curative effect.

Tiram 653

Name in Latin: Tpigat, Formula СбНИ12М254, structural formula not Z m

M

/ not 8-5 am, ) /

M x 5 SN.

The method of contact pesticide penetration. Chemical class of dithiocarbomat.

Physical and chemical properties: Crystalline substance of white or cream (yellowish-gray) color without odor. Insoluble in water, dissolves well in chloroform, acetone, worse in alcohol, ether. The compound is chemically stable, does not break down in alkaline and acidic environments.

It is non-volatile, so dust respirators can be used when working with it. Resistant to high temperatures. After boiling in water (pH - 5) for half an hour, 40 95 of the drug is stored in a vessel with a reflux condenser. The substance is resistant to environmental factors and belongs to persistent pesticides, decomposes into non-toxic components in biological environments within 0.2-2 years.

Description: Keeps on plants for 1-1.5 months after processing. Actively suppresses the development of pathogens from the class of oomycetes and partially basidiomycetes, which affect the aerial mass and seeds of plants. Thiram is a protective contact fungicide that cannot penetrate plants or seeds and inhibits the germination of spores or the initial growth of mycelium of the pathogen located on the surface. Penetrating into the pathogen's cells, it suppresses the activity of enzymes containing copper atoms or sulfhydryl groups.

Thiram is used as a contact seed poison in the fight against root rot (helmintosporiasis and fusarium), seed mold, ascochitosis and anthracosis. It is necessary to pickle the seeds before treating them with bacterial fertilizers. Previously, tiram was also used to combat soil fungi - the causative agents of plant root rot.

Due to the unfavorable toxicological properties of tyram and its significant preservation in water (half-life 46.7 days at pH - 7.0), preparations based on it are used only for processing seeds and seed material in order to protect them from pathogens of mold and root rot, including fusarium , as well as from root diseases, the primary infection of which persists on the seed. Long-term preservation of thiram in acidic and neutral soils provides protection of sown seedlings from soil infection for a long time (1-1.5 months).

Registered drugs based on: - thiram are used against diseases of spring and winter wheat (seed mold, helminthosporiosis and fusarium root rot, hard head); corn (moulding of seeds, bacteriosis, fusariosis, blistering slag, root and stem rot); sunflower (white and gray rot, downy mildew, seed mold); long-leaved flax (anthracosis, polysporosis, fusarium, ascochitosis, seed mold); sugar beet, feed beet, table beet (seedling root rot, peronosporosis, fomosis, cercosporosis, seed mold), etc.; - thiram and carboxin - against diseases of spring and winter wheat (moulding of seeds, hard

From bollworm, helmintosporium and fusarium root rot), spring barley, winter barley (stone rot, seed mold, helmintosporium and fusarium root rot), rapeseed (seed mold, downy mildew, black spot or black mold, helmintosporium root rot), etc. ; - thiram and tebuconazole - against diseases of spring and winter barley (moulding of seeds, stone head, helminthosporiosis and fusarium root rot); winter rye (stem smut, helminthosporiosis and fusarium root rot, seed mold); soybeans (ascochitosis, fusarium wilt, fusarium root rot, seed mold), etc.

Flutriafol is described in patents 54551469 (ISI RI C, SV, publ. 1985), 05 4623654 and 05 4654332 (ISI RIS, OV, publ. 1987), relating to triazole compounds, one of which is flutriafol, the method of their preparation and their use as fungicides.

In Ukraine, a preparation in the form of a suspension concentrate called "Topsyn M 5 500" of the company "Nippon Soda Co. Ltd.", Japan, containing thiophanatemethyl in the amount of 500 hl is used (List of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use in Ukraine), official publication , 2010, p. 163). This drug is a systemic fungicide for the protection of grain crops, vineyards, apple trees and sugar beets. It is used for spraying (up to 5 times) plants during the growing season; the last treatment is carried out no later than 20 10 days before harvesting. Consumption rates (l/ha per year): for wheat, barley (powdery mildew, septoriosis, brown rust, fusarium and cercosporellosis root rot, leaf spots) - 1.2-1.4; for apple trees (against scab, powdery mildew, phyllostictosis, fruit rot) - 1.4-1.5; for vineyards (oidium, gray rot) - 1.0-1.5, for sugar beet (cercosporosis, powdery mildew) - 0 ,4-0,6.

However, the drawback of this drug is that it does not have a wide enough range of action, as it contains only one active compound.

To date, there are known plant protection products that use flutriafol as an active compound, for example, the drug in the form of a suspension concentrate "Impact 25

ZO" (Keminova A.S. company, OK), which contains the active compound flutriafol in the amount of 250 g/l ("List of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use in Ukraine", official edition, 20 2010, p. 147) The specified preparation is intended for the treatment of grain crops, sugar beets, vegetable crops, apple trees, pears, cherries, and vineyards during the growing season.

However, the range of pathogens that can be controlled using this drug is limited.

There is a known method of preparation of the drug for pre-sowing treatment of seeds. The drug is prepared from garlic by subjecting it to heat treatment in water, steam or oil (patent KO Mo 2237997, published on October 20, 2004).

The known method is quite complicated and has a limited scope of use.

The practice of preparing compositions of plant protection products by mixing their components before use, that is, obtaining so-called tank mixes, is well-known. The container is filled with water to 1/3 of the volume of the sprayer and pesticide is added according to the recommended rate of consumption, mixed until complete dissolution. The solution is poured into the tank of the sprayer, the volume is filled with water and mixed again. When working, it is necessary to maintain a homogeneous state of the working solution by periodically stirring it.

Use the prepared solution within 2-3 hours. pOrz/Lymly.vupdepiagiLamp-apa-dagdep/riapi-rgoiesiiop-adaipv5i-dizeazev/spogiv

When mixing different components of the mixture, the formation of insoluble compounds or precipitates, the formation of non-homogeneous solutions or unstable concentration of active components in the entire volume of the preparation is possible, which leads to a violation of the consumption norms of active components during processing. Therefore, there is a need to create new technologies for obtaining pesticide compositions with the possibility of obtaining high-quality drugs for processing, doses of active ingredients, the adverse impact of which on the environment will be minimal, and the fight against a wide range of pests and pathogenic organisms will be effective.

From the state of the art, no technical solution similar to the one claimed has been identified.

The basis of a useful model is the task of creating a technology for obtaining a pesticide composition with a high level of biological effectiveness, minimal impact on the environment, which does not cause resistance in pests, and one that forms homogeneous solutions or other forms with a constant concentration throughout the entire volume.

The task is solved in the method of obtaining a fungicidal composition to protect plants from pathogens, which is prepared in the preparative form of a concentrate that flows, for this, water 10 - 60 95 of the volume of the drug is loaded into the reactor with a working stirrer, an emulsifier is added, for example, Meka ! ВХ ВХ 0.5 - 1.5 95, surfactant used as such, for example, organosilicone 0.2 - 1.095, dispersing agent, for example - sodium salt of polynaphthalene sulfonic acid 1-10 95, antiseptic, for example, sodium benzoate 0.1 - 195, heat to a temperature of 40-60"C, while mixing thoroughly, then add flutriafol 1 - 255905 and tiram 10 - 6595, mix and add antifreeze, for example, propylene glycol 0.2 - 4.5 956, thickener, for example, xanthan gum 0.3 - 1 95, stabilizer, for example, carboxymethyl cellulose 0.1-2 95 and red dye 30 g, after complete mixing for 20 - 30 min. cool to 20 "С and carry out analytical analysis for the amount of active substances and add water to the required amount.

The claimed fungicidal composition combines two active compounds that have a fundamentally different mechanism of fungicidal action, which prevents the emergence of resistance in pathogens. In addition, the specified composition is characterized by a wide spectrum of action, which is especially important for mixed infections. Thanks to its action, the composition extends the vegetation period of the culture, which leads to an increase in the yield.

The combination of the specified active compounds provides a synergistic effect of the claimed composition, which is manifested in the fact that the effectiveness of the combination of active compounds in accordance with the claimed useful model is higher than the effectiveness of each of the compounds included in the composition taken separately. The use of carboxymethyl cellulose as a stabilizer prevents the aging of the drug, which occurs due to destruction under the action of ultraviolet light. Flutriafol quickly penetrates the plant through the leaves and moves acropetally from the base to the top. Thus, it protects those parts of the plant that were not exposed to the solution, as well as the young sprouts that formed after treatment.

Flutriafol inhibits the demethylation process of sterol biosynthesis and disrupts the selectivity of the permeability of cell membranes, causing the death of the pathogen. The active compound is effective against powdery mildew, septoria, stem brown rust, fusarium, root rot, rhynchosioriosis on spring and winter wheat and barley, cercosporosis and powdery mildew on sugar beets, against oidium and gray rot on vineyards, powdery mildew and scab on an apple tree Thiram is a substance with fungicidal activity, contact action that controls pathogens that are on the surface of seeds and in the soil. By diffusion into the soil for a short distance around the treated seed, tiram forms a protective zone in the soil, which is a protective barrier against fungal infection for seeds and seedlings from rot. Due to its broad spectrum of action, it is used as a seed poison against a complex of pathogens of grain, leguminous, technical, forest and vegetable crops, fodder perennial grasses, melons, medicinal and flower plants, as well as for the treatment of vegetative plants.

Method of cooking.

The drug is prepared in a preparative form - a flowable concentrate, and it is intended for seed treatment. Active ingredients flutriafol 30 g and tiram 400 grams.

In the reactor with a working stirrer, 10-60 95 of the required volume of water is loaded as a solvent, and the anionic surfactant MeKa is added! BH 10 g, organosilicone 4 g, sodium salt of polynaphthalene sulfonic acid 60 g, sodium benzoate 4 g, heat to a temperature of 40-60 "С, mix thoroughly, then add flutriafol 30 g and tyram 400 g, then add propylene glycol 30 g, xanthan gum 6 g and 10 grams of carboxymethyl cellulose, and 30 g of red dye, after complete mixing for 20-30 minutes, cool to 20 "C. in the process of preparing the drug, samples are taken and controlled for the amount of active substances and the final water is added.

The use of the proposed technology will make it possible to obtain a simple method of preparation of a fungicidal drug with a high level of biological effectiveness, minimal impact on the environment, which does not cause resistance in pests. The technology makes it possible to obtain homogeneous solutions with a constant concentration in the entire volume.

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF A USEFUL MODEL The method of obtaining a fungicidal composition for protecting plants from pathogens, which is prepared in the form of a concentrate that flows, for this, water 10-60 95 of the volume of the preparation is loaded into the reactor with a working stirrer, an emulsifier is added, for example, Mecca! ВХ ВХ 0.5-1.5 95, surfactant used as such, for example, organosilicone 0.2-1.0 Ob, dispersing agent, for example, sodium salt of polynaphthalene sulfonic acid 1-10 9о, antiseptic, for example, sodium benzoate 0, 1-1 95, heat to a temperature of 40-60 "C, while mixing thoroughly, then add flutriafol 1-25 95 and tiram 10-65 95, mix and add antifreeze, for example, propylene glycol 0.2-4.5 95, thickener, for example, xanthan gum 0.3- Zo 1 95, stabilizer, for example, carboxymethyl cellulose 0.1-2 95 and red dye 30 g, after complete mixing for 20-30 min. cool to 20 "C and carry out an analytical analysis on the amount of active substances and add water to the required amount.