TWM445742U - A functional model of knee joint - Google Patents

Abstract

Recently, the knee-joint models only represented internal anatomic structures but design with functional structures. Even though the joint is movable, the relative locations of cruciate ligaments to bones may differ due to strength and directions of exerting force, which can lead to erroneous judgement on the functions of the cruciate ligaments. This design is about a model of knee-joint motion of human body composed of femur, fibula, anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament and slippery rails for joint motion. Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are designed to be movable to simulate their relative locations to the bones in motion, which can be utilized to indicate the functions of these two ligaments. In this design, the motion of the joint is confined as sliding on the rail to solve the above problem. Therefore, the design can help medical personnel in learning the functions of cruciate ligaments.

Description

Functional model of the knee joint

This creative department is about a functional human knee joint teaching model. This model can slide through the bones to simulate the relative position of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments when the knee joint is active, and demonstrate the role of the ligament to improve the learning and understanding of the knee cruciate ligament function.

In recent years, outdoor sports have prospered, and cases of sports injuries have been rising. Among them, the injury of the knee cruciate ligament is a common type of sports injury. The structure of the knee joint is complex. The main structure includes the femur and tibia, and the meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament. Today's knee model, although structurally including the various parts of the joint, lacks functional performance, and its learning effectiveness needs to be improved.

Fig. 1 is a front view of a conventional knee joint model, the structure of which is mainly fixed by the anterior cruciate ligament 4a and the posterior cruciate ligament 3a to maintain the stability of the femur 2a and the tibia 5a. The anterior cruciate ligament 4a and the posterior cruciate ligament 3a are connected to both ends of the femur 2a and the tibia 5a. When the femur 2a and the tibia 5a are deviated from the correct relative positions, the original function of the ligament cannot be correctly displayed.

The design of the traditional knee model has the following disadvantages:

1. The traditional knee joint model design, the support platform 1a is located at the bottom of the joint and the cut surface of the tibia 5a to support the knee joint related structure. Since the anterior cruciate ligament 4a and the posterior cruciate ligament 3a are attached to the femur 2a and the tibia 5a, respectively, the weight of the femur 2a is pressed down, and the space of the femur 2a and the tibia 5a is compressed. The narrow space directly contacts the femur 2a with the meniscus 51a and 52a located on the tibia 5a, resulting in difficulty in observing the role of the anterior cruciate ligament 4a and the posterior cruciate ligament 3a in the movement of the knee joint.

2. The anterior cruciate ligament 4a and the posterior cruciate ligament 3a are used to fix the joint. Once the joint angle is changed, due to the pulling force of the ligament, the femur 2a and the tibia 5a are deviated from the correct relative position of the joint movement, resulting in the inability to simulate the normal joint activity. The position and function of the ligament 4a and the posterior cruciate ligament 3a.

3. In the structural design, in order to fix the femur 2a and the tibia 5a at the two ends of the joint, it is necessary to maintain sufficient tension between the anterior cruciate ligament 4a and the posterior cruciate ligament 3a. Therefore, when the anterior cruciate ligament 4a and the posterior cruciate ligament 3a are pulled, it is difficult to distinguish the state in which the two are tightened or relaxed, which is not conducive to the learning of the structural function.

4. The overall joint structure has no solid fixed structure. When the force is changed to change the joint position, it is easy for the operator to be unfamiliar with the joint activity. The artificial position of the femur 2a and the tibia 5a are misplaced, resulting in the anterior cruciate ligament 4a and Misjudgment of the function of the posterior cruciate ligament 3a.

For the above reasons, the design of the previous knee model, although it can be used to learn the internal structure of the joint, is not conducive to the learning of the function of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament. If you only focus on the internal structure of learning, you can use the anatomical map, so how to improve the related missing, to help students effectively learn the operation of the internal function of the joint, is the focus of the creative.

This creation proposes a novel design device that can correctly simulate the function of the cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament before the knee joint. The device includes a support platform containing a sliding track, a femur fixed to the support platform, a tibia slidable along the support platform track, an attachment structure attached to the ends of the femur and the tibia, a posterior cruciate ligament, and other knee joints. The device utilizes a set track to allow the tibia comprising one of the main bones of the joint to slide over the set track. The other major skeletal femur fixes it to simulate the correct relative position of the femur and tibia when the knee is flexed or stretched. The device can prevent the traditional model from being excessively pulled by the knee cruciate ligament or improperly exerting force by the operator when the tibia and the femur are changed due to the angle, thereby causing the relative position of the bone to deviate, causing the problem of misjudgment of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament functions. In addition, the device maintains a proper distance between the femur and the tibia using the sliding track, and it is more clearly observed that the ligament is tightened or relaxed during joint movement, thereby increasing the cognition of the function of the ligament.

The device provided by this creation can clearly see that the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are tightened or relaxed and the relative position changes when the knee joint is flexed or stretched, which can effectively improve the students' learning of the ligament function.

Relevant positions of the knee joint model before, after, after, and under the text are defined according to the anatomical posture of the knee joint when the human body is standing.

Embodiments related to the present creation

Please refer to Figures 2 to 5. This creation provides a model device for learning the function of the knee joint. The model mainly includes a support platform 1 on which a femur 2, a tibia 5, a tibia 6, a posterior cruciate ligament 3, a anterior cruciate ligament 4, and joint sliding tracks 11, 12 are disposed.

For an exploded view of the present invention, refer to FIG. 2, after the locking screw 21 passes through the screw hole 211 of the femur 2, and is inserted into the locking hole 13 of the support platform 1; after the locking screw 22 passes through the screw hole 221 of the femur 2, The locking hole 14 of the support platform 1 is inserted, and the femur 2 is fixed on the support platform 1 by the locking screws 21, 22 at both ends. The sliding shaft 53 first passes through the shaft hole 531 of the tibia 5, and then engages with the pulley 111 in the sliding rail 11; the sliding shaft 54 also passes through the shaft hole 541 of the tibia 5, and then engages with the pulley 121 in the pulley track 12. . See Figure 3 for an exploded view of the slide shaft 54 and the pulley 121. The tibia 6 is attached and fixed to the outer side of the tibia 5, and can move with the movement of the tibia 5. In addition, one end of the anterior cruciate ligament 4 is attached to the femur 2, and the other end is attached to the front of the meniscus 51 and 52 above the tibia 5; the posterior cruciate ligament 3 is attached to the femur 2 at one end and to the meniscus 51 above the tibia 5 at the other end. With the rear of 52.

The support platform 1 is located on the side of the knee joint and fixes the femur 2, while the humerus 5 is movable. This design avoids the weight of the femur 2 and compresses the space of the femur 2 and the tibia 5 to facilitate the front cross. Observation of ligament 4 and posterior cruciate ligament 3 activity. This is in contrast to the support platform 1a of the conventional knee joint model (see Fig. 1), which is located at the bottom of the joint and is different from the fixed tibia 5a.

A front view of the support platform 1, see Fig. 4, includes two locking holes 13 and 14 and two sliding tracks 11 and 12.

Please refer to Figure 5, which is a combination diagram of Figure 2. The femur 2 is fixed to the support platform 1 by the locking screws 21 and 22, and the tibia 5 is movable, and is movable by the sliding shafts 53 and 54 embedded in the sliding rails 11 and 12 of the support platform 1. When the humerus 5 moves on the sliding rails 11, 12 of the support platform 1, the anterior cruciate ligament 4 and the posterior cruciate ligament 3 attached to both ends of the femur 2 and the tibia 5 are pulled. The humerus 6 is attached to the tibia 5 and can be integrated with the humerus 5.

Please refer to Figure 6, which is a schematic diagram of the state of the flexural movement in Figure 5 of this creation. When the humerus 5 moves toward the back of the femur 2, that is, when the flexion movement is performed, the posterior cruciate ligament 3 becomes longer due to the distance between the femur 2 and the tibia 5, so the posterior cruciate ligament 3 is tightened; the anterior cruciate ligament 4 is connected to the femur 2 The distance from both ends of the humerus 5 becomes shorter, so the anterior cruciate ligament 4 is relaxed. When the flexion motion is operated using this model, the posterior cruciate ligament 3 is tightened to show that the ligament functions to prevent excessive flexion of the knee joint, or to prevent the femur 2 from sliding forward when the knee joint is flexing.

In addition, although the tibia 5 can be moved on the slide rails 11 and 12 that the support platform 1 has set, the slide rails 11 and 12 maintain a certain curvature with the femur 2, and the opposite humerus 5 does not have the anterior cruciate ligament 4 and the posterior cross. The tension of the ligament 3 excessively compresses the distance from the femur 2.

This design avoids the traditional model (see Fig. 1). The anterior cruciate ligament 4a and the posterior cruciate ligament 3a fix the knee joint. Due to the excessive tension of the ligament, the relative position of the femur 2a and the tibia 5a is deviated, and the front can be improved. The tension between the cruciate ligament 4a and the posterior cruciate ligament 3a does not change much, and it is difficult to distinguish the difference.

Please refer to Figure 7, which is a schematic diagram of the state of stretching in Figure 5 of this creation. When the humerus 5 is moved toward the front of the femur 2, even if the knee joint is stretched, the posterior cruciate ligament 3 connected to the femur 2 and the tibia 5 is relaxed due to the shorter distance between the ends; and the femur 2 and the tibia are connected. The anterior cruciate ligament 4 of 5 is tensioned by the distance between the ends. This creation model clearly shows that the knee joint can be prevented from being overstretched by the anterior cruciate ligament 4 being stretched during the stretching exercise.

Since the femur 2 has been fixed on the support platform 1, and the tibia 5 is restricted to the set slide rails 11 and 12, the joint can exhibit the anterior cruciate ligament 4 during the operation of flexion or extension. With the original function of the posterior cruciate ligament 3, there will be no difference due to different operators. That is, the design of this model can improve the traditional model (see Fig. 1). The anterior cruciate ligament 4a and the posterior cruciate ligament 3a fix the knee joint, and the femur 2a is opposite to the tibia 5a due to the operator's unfamiliarity with the knee joint structure. The deviation of the position leads to the problem of misjudgment of the ligament function.

[Practical]

1a. . . Support platform

2a. . . Femur

3a. . . Posterior ligament

4a. . . Anterior ligament

5a. . . Humerus

51a, 52a. . . Meniscus

[This creation]

1. . . Support platform

11,12. . . Sliding track

111,121. . . pulley

13,14. . . Locking hole

2. . . Femur

21,22. . . Locking screw

211,221. . . Screw hole

3. . . Posterior ligament

4. . . Anterior ligament

5. . . Humerus

51,52. . . Meniscus

53,54. . . Sliding shaft

531,541. . . Shaft hole

6. . . fibula

Figure 1 is a front view of a conventional knee joint model.

Figure 2 is an exploded view of the creation.

Figure 3 is an exploded view of the sliding shaft and pulley of Figure 2

Figure 4 is a front view of the support platform of this creation.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the combination of Figure 2.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the state of the flexural motion in Fig. 5 of the present creation.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the state of stretching in the fifth drawing of the present creation.

1. . . Support platform

2. . . Femur

3. . . Posterior ligament

4. . . Anterior ligament

5. . . Humerus

11,12. . . Sliding track

Claims (6)

A functional model of a knee joint, comprising: a support platform with a sliding track, a femur with a fixed support platform, a tibia and a tibia that can move on the support platform sliding track, and two separate connections before and after the femur and tibia The cruciate ligament and the shaft that can slide on the support platform track. A functional model of the knee joint according to claim 1, wherein the tibia is directly fixed to the tibia, and the tibia itself moves together by movement of the tibia. A functional model of the knee joint according to claim 1, wherein the femur is fixed to the support platform, and the tibia is movable and movable on the support platform. The functional model of the knee joint according to claim 1, wherein the shaft passes through the tibia, and is connected to a wheel after passing through, and can slide on the track of the support platform to affect the relative movement of the tibia. A functional model of the knee joint according to claim 1, wherein the movement of the tibia is generated by sliding the runner on the arcuate groove of the support platform. A functional model of the knee joint according to claim 1, wherein the anterior cruciate ligament and the posterior cruciate ligament are formed of elastic or inelastic bands.