TWI838344B - Polarized camera device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a polarization camera device that does not require mechanical operation parts and can measure polarization images by snapshots, especially a polarization camera device that does not require high-precision position alignment of polarization elements, and is particularly low-cost. The present invention provides a polarization camera device that has an anisotropic diffraction lattice element whose optical anisotropy is periodically modulated, a lens element, and a light-receiving element.

Description

Polarized camera device

The present invention relates to a polarization imaging device having an anisotropic diffraction lattice.

Various methods have been reported for the measurement of polarization state. The most representative polarization measurement methods are the rotating light detection unit method and the rotating phase shift element method using rotating polarizers and wavelength plates. In these methods, the time waveform of the light intensity corresponding to the polarization state of the incident light is observed while the polarizer is rotated. The obtained time waveform is further subjected to Fourier analysis to restore the information of the Stokes parameter. The characteristics of this method are that it has a long history of research, various error reductions have been implemented, and the measurement accuracy is high. However, on the other hand, since the information necessary for the restoration of the Stokes parameter is obtained multiple times while the polarizer is rotated temporally, it is not suitable for the measured object whose polarization state changes over time. If polarization measurement is increasingly used in medical devices or remote sensing, the need to measure the polarization state of dynamic objects is extremely high, which requires snapshot polarization spatial distribution measurement.

There are several examples of polarization measurement methods using polarization cameras that enable polarization spatial distribution measurement by snapshots. One example is to divide the wavelength plate or even the polarizer into four directions according to its optical axis orientation and distribute it on the light receiving element array, so that each of the four pixels is responsible for the measurement equivalent to the rotation light detection unit method or the rotation phase shift element method (non-patent document 1 or 2). In this method, there is no need for a mechanical operating unit for rotating the polarization element, and because the information necessary for obtaining the Stokes parameter can be obtained by acquiring an image once, static imaging polarization measurement by snapshot is possible. However, it is necessary to accurately align the positions of the light receiving element array and the polarization element array, which is not easy to manufacture. In addition, due to the discontinuity of the phase difference generated at the boundary of the polarizer array, there is a possibility of generating diffraction light that is not desired in measurement.

Another example of previous research that makes snapshot polarization imaging possible is a photographic polarimeter using a polarization shatter film that utilizes a spatial carrier when polarization interferes (non-patent document 3). In this method, the diffraction effect of the array element as described above is not produced. However, since this method requires expensive optical elements such as shatter films, it has the disadvantage of costing a lot of money. [Prior art document] [Non-patent document]

[Non-patent document 1]T. Sato, T. Araki, Y. Sasaki, T. Tsuru, T. Tadokoro, and S. Kawakami, “Compact ellipsometer employing a static polarimeter module with arrayed polarizer and wave-plate elements,” Appl. Opt. 46, 4963-4967 (2007). [Non-patent document 2]G. Myhre, W. L. Hsu, A. Peinado, C. LaCasse, N. Brock, R. A. Chipman, and S. Pau, “Liquid crystal polymer full-stokes division of focal plane polarimeter,” Opt. Express 20, 27393-27409 (2012). [Non-patent document 3]H. Luo, K. Oka, E. DeHoog, M. Kudenov, J. Schiewgerling, and E. L. Dereniak, “Compact and miniature snapshot imaging polarimeter,” Appl. Opt. 47, 4413-4417 (2008).

[The problem that the invention wants to solve]

Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a polarization imaging device that does not require a mechanical operating part and can measure polarization imaging by snapshots, especially a polarization imaging device that does not require high-precision position alignment of polarization elements, and especially a polarization imaging device that is relatively low-cost. [Means for solving the problem]

The inventors of the present invention have discovered the following invention. <1> A polarized light camera device having an anisotropic diffraction lattice element whose optical anisotropy is periodically modulated, a lens element, and a light receiving element. <2> In <1>, it is preferred that the anisotropic diffraction lattice element is an anisotropic diffraction lattice having a plurality of lattice vectors with mutually different directions, and the lattice vectors are at least anisotropic orientations or birefringences that are periodically modulated. <3> In <1> or <2>, it is preferred that the anisotropic diffraction lattice element is an anisotropic diffraction lattice that can spatially separate information of Stokes parameters of incident light according to the distribution of anisotropic orientations and birefringences and continuously convert the information into intensity information.

<4> In any one of the above <1> to <3>, it is preferred that the anisotropic diffraction lattice element comprises an anisotropic diffraction lattice having a photoreactive polymer film, wherein the photoreactive polymer film has photoreactive side chains that produce at least one reaction selected from the group consisting of (A-1) photocrosslinking and (A-2) photoanisotropy. <5> In any one of the above <1> to <4>, it is preferred that the anisotropic diffraction lattice element comprises an anisotropic diffraction lattice composed of a photoreactive polymer film. <6> In any one of the above <1> to <5>, it is preferred that the anisotropic diffraction lattice element comprises an anisotropic diffraction lattice having I) a first transparent substrate layer; and II) a first photoreactive polymer film having a first photoreactive side chain that produces at least one reaction selected from the group consisting of (A-1) photocrosslinking and (A-2) photoanisotropy.

<7> In any one of the above <1> to <4> and <6>, the anisotropic diffraction lattice element preferably comprises an anisotropic diffraction lattice having III) a second transparent substrate layer; and IV) a second photoreactive polymer film having a second photoreactive side chain that produces at least one reaction selected from a group consisting of (A-1) photocrosslinking and (A-2) photoanisotropy; and the aforementioned II) first photoreactive polymer film and the aforementioned IV) second photoreactive polymer film are arranged face to face, and between the aforementioned II) first film and the aforementioned IV) second film, a (B) low molecular liquid crystal layer is arranged.

<8> In any one of the above <4> to <7>, it is preferred that the anisotropic diffraction lattice element is an anisotropic diffraction lattice having good diffraction efficiency of ±1st order light by exposing the desired polarized light to interference on the photoreactive polymer film and forming an arbitrary diffraction pattern on the polymer film, spatially separating the information of the Stokes parameter of the light incident on the polymer film by the anisotropic orientation and the distribution of birefringence formed on the polymer film, and continuously converting the information into intensity information. <9> In any one of the above <1> to <8>, it is preferred that the anisotropic diffraction lattice element is an anisotropic diffraction lattice having good diffraction efficiency of ±1st order light.

<10> In any one of the above <4> to <9>, the photoreactive polymer film preferably comprises a photoreactive polymer, and the photoreactive polymer comprises any one photoreactive side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulae (1) to (6): (wherein A, B, and D each independently represent a single bond, -O-, _-CH2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH-, -NH-CO-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; S is an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atoms bonded thereto may be substituted by halogen groups; T is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atoms bonded thereto may be substituted by halogen groups; Y ₁ represents a ring selected from a monovalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring and an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or a group formed by bonding 2 to 6 identical or different rings selected from these substituents via a bonding group B, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to these substituents may be independently substituted by -COOR ₀ (wherein R ₀ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; Y ₂ is a group selected from a divalent benzene ring, a naphthyl ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and a combination thereof, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to the above groups are each independently substituted by -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R represents a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or has the same definition as Y ₁ ; X represents a single bond, -COO-, -OCO-, -N=N-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-, and when the number of X is 2, the Xs may be the same or different; Cou represents coumarin-6-yl or coumarin-7-yl, and the hydrogen atoms bonded thereto are each independently substituted by -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; one of q1 and q2 is 1 and the other is 0; q3 is 0 or 1; P and Q are each independently a group selected from a divalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and a combination thereof; provided that, when X is -CH=CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH=CH-, the P or Q on the side to which -CH=CH- is bonded is an aromatic ring, and when the number of P is 2 or more, the Ps may be the same or different, and when the number of Q is 2 or more, the Qs may be the same or different; l1 is 0 or 1; l2 is an integer from 0 to 2; when both l1 and l2 are 0, when T is a single bond, A also represents a single bond; when l1 is 1, when T is a single bond, B also represents a single bond; H and I are each independently a group selected from a divalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, or a combination thereof.)

<11> In any one of the above <4> to <9>, the photoreactive polymer film preferably comprises a photoreactive polymer, and the photoreactive polymer comprises any one photoreactive side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulae (7) to (10): (wherein A, B, and D each independently represent a single bond, -O-, _-CH2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH-, -NH-CO-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; Y ₁ represents a ring selected from a monovalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring and an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or a group formed by bonding 2 to 6 identical or different rings selected from these substituents via a bonding group B, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to these substituents may be independently substituted by -COOR ₀ (wherein R ₀ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; X represents a single bond, -COO-, -OCO-, -N=N-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-, when the number of X is 2, X may be the same or different; l represents an integer of 1 to 12; m represents an integer of 0 to 2, m1 and m2 represent integers of 1 to 3; n represents an integer of 0 to 12 (however, when n=0, B is a single bond); _Y2 is a group selected from the group consisting of a divalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and a combination thereof, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to the above groups may be independently substituted by _-NO2 , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R represents a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or has the same meaning as _Y1 ).

<12> In any one of the above <4> to <9>, the photoreactive polymer film preferably comprises a photoreactive polymer, and the photoreactive polymer comprises any one photoreactive side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulae (11) to (13): (wherein A is independently a single bond, -O-, _-CH2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH-, -NH-CO-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; X is a single bond, -COO-, -OCO-, -N=N-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-, and when the number of X is 2, X may be the same or different; l represents an integer of 1 to 12, m represents an integer of 0 to 2, and m1 represents an integer of 1 to 3; R represents a ring selected from a monovalent benzene ring, a naphthyl ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, and an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or a group formed by bonding with 2 to 6 identical or different rings selected from these substituents via a bonding group B, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to these substituents may be independently substituted by -COOR ₀ (wherein R ₀ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms).

<13> In any one of the above <4> to <9>, the photoreactive polymer film preferably comprises a photoreactive polymer, and the photoreactive polymer has a photoreactive side chain represented by the following formula (14) or (15): (wherein A is independently a single bond, -O-, _-CH2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH-, -NH-CO-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; Y ₁ represents a ring selected from a monovalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring and an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or a group formed by bonding with the same or different 2 to 6 rings selected from these substituents via a bonding group B, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to these substituents may be independently substituted by -COOR ₀ (wherein R ₀ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; l represents an integer of 1 to 12, and m1 and m2 represent integers of 1 to 3).

<14> In any one of the above <4> to <9>, the photoreactive polymer film preferably has a photoreactive polymer, and the photoreactive polymer has a photoreactive side chain represented by the following formula (16) or (17) (wherein A represents a single bond, -O-, _-CH2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH-, -NH-CO-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; X represents a single bond, -COO-, -OCO-, -N=N-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; when the number of X is 2, X may be the same or different; l represents an integer from 1 to 12, and m represents an integer from 0 to 2).

<15> In any one of the above <4> to <9>, the photoreactive polymer film preferably comprises a photoreactive polymer, and the photoreactive polymer has any one photosensitive side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formula (18) or (19): (wherein A and B each independently represent a single bond, -O-, _-CH2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH-, -NH-CO-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; Y ₁ represents a ring selected from a monovalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring and an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or a group formed by bonding with the same or different 2 to 6 rings selected from these substituents via a bonding group B, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to these substituents may be independently substituted by -COOR ₀ (wherein R ₀ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; one of q1 and q2 is 1 and the other is 0; l represents an integer of 1 to 12, and m1 and m2 represent integers of 1 to 3; R ₁ represents a hydrogen atom, -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms).

<16> In any one of the above <4> to <9>, the photoreactive polymer film preferably comprises a photoreactive polymer, and the photoreactive polymer has a photoreactive side chain represented by the following formula (20): (wherein A represents a single bond, -O-, _-CH2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH-, -NH-CO-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; Y ₁ represents a ring selected from a monovalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring and an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or a group formed by bonding 2 to 6 identical or different rings selected from these substituents via a bonding group B, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to these substituents may be independently substituted by -COOR ₀ (wherein R ₀ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; X represents a single bond, -COO-, -OCO-, -N=N-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-, when the number of X is 2, X may be the same as or different from each other; l represents an integer from 1 to 12, and m represents an integer from 0 to 2).

[Invention Effect]

The present invention can provide a polarization imaging device that does not require a mechanical operating part and can perform polarization imaging measurement by snapshot, especially a polarization imaging device that does not require high-precision position alignment of a polarization element, and is particularly low-cost.

<Polarization camera> The present invention provides a polarization camera having an anisotropic diffraction lattice. "Polarization", which describes the property of the trajectory deviation of the electric field vector of electromagnetic waves, is widely used as a characteristic of electromagnetic waves. If electromagnetic waves interact with matter (reflection, scattering, absorption, etc.), the polarization state of the electromagnetic waves changes, and the polarization change contains a variety of information inherent to the matter. That is, by measuring the polarization characteristics of the subject, the inherent information of the matter can be investigated in a non-contact and non-destructive manner. The polarization camera of the present invention can perform imaging measurement of the spatial distribution of the Stokes parameter (parameter describing the polarization state) of the scattered light from the subject in the form of snapshots.

The polarized light camera device of the present invention has an anisotropic diffraction lattice element whose optical anisotropy is modulated periodically, a lens element, and a light receiving element. In addition, it is preferred to arrange the lens element, the anisotropic diffraction lattice element, and the light receiving element in sequence from the side of the object being photographed. Other elements other than the above-mentioned elements can also be arranged as desired.

<Anisotropic diffraction lattice element> The polarization camera device of the present invention has an anisotropic diffraction lattice element whose optical anisotropy is modulated periodically. The principle of Stokes parameter measurement using the anisotropic diffraction lattice element is described below. The polarization state of electromagnetic waves can be represented by a Stokes vector (S ₀ , S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ ) composed of four elements. Here, S ₀ is defined as total light intensity, S ₁ : the difference between 0deg linear polarization component and 90deg linear polarization component, S ₂ : the difference between 45deg linear polarization component and -45deg linear polarization component, S ₃ : the difference between the circular polarization component rotating clockwise and the circular polarization component rotating counterclockwise, which is called the Stokes parameter. If the amplitude ratio angle and phase difference between the 0deg linear polarization component and the 90deg linear polarization component are defined as Ψ and Δ respectively, each Stokes parameter is defined as the following formula (1).

By obtaining these four elements from the intensity information of the light reflected, scattered, and transmitted from the object, the polarization characteristics of the object can be clearly understood. The characteristic of the polarization imaging device of the present invention is that these Stokes parameters are imaged and measured by obtaining a single image. The principle of polarization detection of this device is based on an anisotropic diffraction lattice element whose optical anisotropy is modulated periodically. Before describing the structure of the device, the diffraction characteristics of the anisotropic diffraction lattice produced by recording a polarization hologram are described.

Generally speaking, in a recording material with polarization sensitivity, the direction of optical anisotropy and the magnitude of birefringence are recorded according to the polarization direction and polarization ellipticity of the irradiated polarized light. Now, consider that two 0-degree linear polarized lights (i.e., p-polarized lights) with equal amplitudes are given a specific cross angle to interfere with each other, and the photoelectric field formed is continuously irradiated to the polarized recording material (in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, this situation is referred to as PL interference (Parallel linear polarization interference)). In this case, if it is assumed that the magnitude of the induced anisotropy is proportional to the light intensity, the Jones matrix representing the distribution of the induced anisotropy is represented by the following equation (2). Here, Δγ=πΔnd/λ, Δn is the maximum value of polarization-induced birefringence, d is the film thickness of the recording material, and λ is the wavelength of the diffracted light.

Here, if equation (2) is expanded by Fourier series, the Jones matrix components contributing to ±1st order diffraction are expressed as equation (3) below. Here, if the Jones vector of the incident light is defined by equation (4) below, the intensity of ±1st order diffraction light can be obtained by using equations (3) and (4) below, and I ^PL _± is expressed by equation (5) below. Therefore, it can be seen that the diffraction light intensity of the anisotropic lattice formed by PL recording strongly depends on the amplitude ratio angle Ψ of the incident light. From now on, in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the lattice is referred to as a PL lattice.

Next, we will discuss the situation where the polarized recording material is continuously irradiated with inverted circular polarization interference that makes the amplitudes equal to each other (in the present invention, this situation is referred to as OC interference (Orthogonal circular polarization interference) unless otherwise specified). In the case of OC interference, the Jones matrix of the anisotropic distribution formed by recording can be expressed by the following equation (6). Furthermore, by expanding equation (6), the following equation (7) can be obtained. From equation (7), as in the case of PL recording, if the intensity of the diffracted light relative to the incident polarization that can be given by equation (4) is sought, T ^OC _± can be obtained as expressed by the following equation (8). Therefore, it can be known that the intensity of diffracted light of the anisotropic lattice formed by the OC record recorded by OC interference depends on the phase difference of the incident light. From now on, for simplicity, this lattice is called the OC lattice.

As described above, the anisotropic diffraction lattice formed in the polarization recording material according to the polarization hologram shows diffraction characteristics that depend on the incident polarization state. For this reason, it is possible to spatially separate the polarization information of the incident light as intensity information. Therefore, the value of the Stokes parameter can be derived from the intensity information of each diffraction order light. As an example, a Stokes parameter detection element overwritten with four anisotropic diffraction lattices having different lattice vectors is briefly described.

A schematic diagram of the diffraction grating is shown in FIG1. This anisotropic diffraction lattice is obtained by multiply recording four lattices A, B, C, and D in a polarized recording material. Among them, A, B, and C are PL lattices, and D is an OC lattice. The lattice vectors of each are arranged in a manner that forms an angle of 45 degrees with each other. Here, it is assumed that each lattice is formed independently in the recording material. When polarized light is vertically incident on this film, the intensity of ±1st order diffracted light observed on the screen is defined as Im ₊ and _Im- . In addition, m=A, B, C, D, and I _A+ means the intensity of +1st order light for lattice A. Here, as known from the above formula (5), I _A± , I _B± , and I C _± corresponding to the PL lattice depend on the amplitude ratio angle Ψ of the incident light and vary sinusoidally. Furthermore, from the case of the PL lattice in formula (5), it is independent of the polarization state of the incident light, and the ±1-order diffracted light intensity becomes average, so I _A+ =I _A- =I _A , I _B+ =I _B- =I _B , and I _C+ =I _C- =I _C are established. On the other hand, according to formula (8), the _ID± corresponding to the OC lattice depends on the phase difference Δ of the incident light and vibrates. Based on the above content, among the Stokes parameters, S ₀ , S ₁ , and S ₃ can be obtained from formula (1) as follows (9). Here, a _PL and a _OC are proportional constants. On the other hand, from formula (1), the following formulas (10) and (11) can be obtained.

That is, the absolute value of the amplitude ratio angle Ψ can be obtained from the information of _S1 , and the phase difference Δ can be obtained from the information of _S3 . Here, based on the diffraction characteristics of the PL lattice, the dependence of the incident polarization of _IA± , _IB± , and IC _± on the amplitude ratio angle Ψ is shown in Figure 2. As can be seen from Figure 2, when _IB >( _IA + _IC )/2, the amplitude ratio angle becomes Ψ<0, and when <( _IA + _IC )/2, the amplitude ratio angle becomes Ψ>0. That is, the sign of the amplitude ratio angle Ψ can be obtained from the size of _IB . In addition, _S2 can be obtained by substituting the obtained amplitude ratio angle Ψ and the phase difference Δ into the above formula (1). Therefore, all elements of the Stokes parameter can be obtained from the incident light _IA , _IB , _IC , _ID± diffracted by the anisotropic diffraction lattice of Figure 1. In addition, if the intensity information necessary for the derivation of the Stokes parameter can be obtained, it is also possible to determine the Stokes parameter of an anisotropic pattern different from the anisotropic diffraction lattice of Figure 1.

The anisotropic diffraction lattice element preferably contains an anisotropic diffraction lattice having a plurality of lattice vectors with mutually different directions, and the lattice vectors are at least anisotropic orientation or birefringence periodically modulated. In addition, it is preferred that the anisotropic diffraction lattice element is an anisotropic diffraction lattice that can spatially separate the information of the Stokes parameter of the incident light according to the distribution of the anisotropic orientation and birefringence, and continuously convert it into intensity information. In addition, it is preferred that the anisotropic diffraction lattice element is an anisotropic diffraction lattice with good diffraction efficiency of ±1-order light. In the PL lattice and the OC lattice, the ideal phase difference for the best diffraction efficiency of ±1st order light is obtained from the above formulas (5) and (8). Specifically, in the case of the OC lattice, the diffraction efficiency is 5% or more, that is, the phase difference (δ=2πΔnd/λ) is in the range of 0.448+2πm to 5.82+2πm (m: natural number), and the diffraction efficiency is preferably 50% or more, that is, the phase difference (δ=2πΔnd/λ) is in the range of 1.57+2πm to 4.71+2πm (m: natural number). Ideally, the diffraction efficiency is 100%, that is, the phase difference (δ=2πΔnd/λ) is 3.14+2πm (m: natural number). In addition, in the case of PL lattice, the diffraction efficiency is more than 5%, that is, the phase difference (δ=2πΔnd/λ) is in the range of 0.916~6.58, 9.70~12.4, 15.8~18.3, 22.8~24.0. The diffraction efficiency is preferably more than 15%, that is, the phase difference (δ=2πΔnd/λ) is in the range of 1.69~5.72. Ideally, the diffraction efficiency is 33.8%, that is, the phase difference (δ=2πΔnd/λ) is 3.68.

The anisotropic diffraction lattice element can be modulated as follows. That is, it is preferred that the anisotropic diffraction lattice element comprises an anisotropic diffraction lattice having a photoreactive polymer film, wherein the photoreactive polymer film has photoreactive side chains that produce at least one reaction selected from the group consisting of (A-1) photocrosslinking and (A-2) photoanisotropy. Furthermore, it is preferred that the anisotropic diffraction lattice element comprises an anisotropic diffraction lattice composed of a photoreactive polymer film. In this case, since it is necessary to improve the diffraction efficiency of ±1st order light obtained from the diffraction pattern formed on the photoreactive polymer film, the photoreactive polymer used in the photoreactive polymer film is preferably a polymer that can induce a large phase difference based on the interference exposure of the desired polarized light, specifically a polymer with a phase difference within the above range.

Preferably, the anisotropic diffraction lattice element comprises an anisotropic diffraction lattice having I) a first transparent substrate layer; and II) a first photoreactive polymer film having a first photoreactive side chain that produces at least one reaction selected from the group consisting of (A-1) photocrosslinking and (A-2) photoanisotropy. Furthermore, the anisotropic diffraction lattice element preferably comprises an anisotropic diffraction lattice having III) a second transparent substrate layer; and IV) a second photoreactive polymer film having a second photoreactive side chain that produces at least one reaction selected from a group consisting of (A-1) photocrosslinking and (A-2) photoanisotropy; and the aforementioned II) first photoreactive polymer film and the aforementioned IV) second photoreactive polymer film are arranged face to face, and between the aforementioned II) first film and the aforementioned IV) second film, a (B) low molecular liquid crystal layer is arranged.

<<1st and 2nd transparent substrate layers>> The 1st and 2nd transparent substrate layers are composed of a transparent substrate. As the transparent substrate, for example, glass, plastic such as acrylic or polycarbonate, etc. can be used, although it depends on the characteristics of use as a polarized light camera. For example, as a transparent substrate, it is preferable to have a characteristic that allows polarized ultraviolet rays to pass through.

＜＜(B) Low-molecular liquid crystal layer＞＞ Here, the low-molecular liquid crystal contained in the B) low-molecular liquid crystal layer can use nematic liquid crystal or strongly induced electric liquid crystal that has been used in liquid crystal display elements. Specifically, as low-molecular liquid crystals, there can be cited cyanobiphenyls such as 4-cyano-4'-n-pentylbiphenyl and 4-cyano-4'-n-heptyloxybiphenyl; cholesterol esters such as cholesterol acetate and cholesterol benzoate; carbonates such as 4-carboxyphenylethyl carbonate and 4-carboxyphenyl-n-butyl carbonate; phenyl esters such as benzoic acid phenyl ester and phthalic acid biphenyl ester; benzyl-2-hydroxy ... -naphthylamine, 4'-n-butoxybenzyl-4-acetanilide and other Schiff bases; N,N'-bisbenzylbenzidine, p-benzidinebenzidine and other benzidines; 4,4'-azodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-di-n-butoxyazobenzene and other azobenzenes; the following can specifically include phenylcyclohexyl series, terphenyl series, phenyl-bicyclohexyl series and other liquid crystals; etc., but are not limited to these.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the desired polarized light is interference exposed on the photoreactive polymer film and an arbitrary diffraction pattern is formed on the polymer film, and the information of the Stokes parameters of the light incident on the polymer film is spatially separated by the anisotropic orientation and birefringence distribution formed on the polymer film, and is continuously converted into an anisotropic diffraction lattice of intensity information.

<<Photoreactive polymer film>> The photoreactive polymer film is preferably formed by a photoreactive polymer having a photoreactive side chain that generates at least one reaction selected from the group consisting of (A-1) photocrosslinking and (A-2) photoanisotropy. In addition, the photoreactivity in this specification refers to the property of generating either (A-1) photocrosslinking or (A-2) photoanisotropy; and both reactions. The photoreactive polymer preferably has a side chain that generates (A-1) photocrosslinking reaction.

The photoreactive polymer is i) a polymer that exhibits liquid crystal properties in a predetermined temperature range and has a photoreactive side chain. The photoreactive polymer is preferably a polymer that reacts to light in a wavelength range of 250nm to 450nm and exhibits liquid crystal properties in a temperature range of 50 to 300°C. The photoreactive polymer is preferably a polymer that has a photoreactive side chain that reacts to light in a wavelength range of 250nm to 450nm, especially polarized ultraviolet light. The photoreactive polymer is preferably a polymer that has a mesogenic group that exhibits liquid crystal properties in a temperature range of 50 to 300°C.

The photoreactive polymer component has a photoreactive side chain as described above. The structure of the side chain is not particularly limited, and it is preferred to have a structure that produces the reaction shown in (A-1) and/or (A-2) above, and a structure that produces the photocrosslinking reaction (A-1). The structure that produces the photocrosslinking reaction (A-1) and the structure after the reaction are exposed to external pressure such as heat, and have the advantage of being able to stably maintain the orientation of the photoreactive polymer for a long time. The side chain structure of the photoreactive polymer has a rigid mesogen component because the orientation of the liquid crystal is stable.

Examples of the mesogen component include, but are not limited to, biphenyl, terphenyl, phenylcyclohexyl, phenyl benzoate, and azophenyl.

As the structure of the main chain of the photoreactive polymer, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of free radical polymerizable groups such as alkyl, (meth)acrylate, itaconate, fumarate, maleate, α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone, styrene, vinyl, maleimide, norbornene, and siloxane can be cited, but it is not limited to these. In addition, as the side chain of the photoreactive polymer, a side chain composed of at least one of the following formulas (1) to (6) is preferred.

In the formula, A, B, and D each independently represent a single bond, -O-, _-CH2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH-, -NH-CO-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; S is an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atom bonded thereto may be substituted with a halogen group; T is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atom bonded thereto may be substituted with a halogen group; Y ₁ represents a ring selected from a monovalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring and an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or a group formed by bonding 2 to 6 identical or different rings selected from these substituents via a bonding group B, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to these substituents may be independently substituted by -COOR ₀ (wherein R ₀ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; Y ₂ is a group selected from a divalent benzene ring, a naphthyl ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and a combination thereof, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to the above groups are each independently substituted by -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R represents a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or has the same definition as Y ₁ ; X represents a single bond, -COO-, -OCO-, -N=N-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-, and when the number of X is 2, the Xs may be the same or different; Cou represents coumarin-6-yl or coumarin-7-yl, and the hydrogen atoms bonded thereto are each independently substituted by -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; one of q1 and q2 is 1 and the other is 0; q3 is 0 or 1; P and Q are each independently a group selected from a divalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and a combination thereof; provided that, when X is -CH=CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH=CH-, the P or Q on the side to which -CH=CH- is bonded is an aromatic ring, and when the number of P is 2 or more, the Ps may be the same or different, and when the number of Q is 2 or more, the Qs may be the same or different; l1 is 0 or 1; l2 is an integer from 0 to 2; when both l1 and l2 are 0, when T is a single bond, A also represents a single bond; when l1 is 1, when T is a single bond, B also represents a single bond; H and I are each independently a group selected from a divalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, and a combination thereof.

The side chain is preferably any one photoreactive side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (7) to (10). In the formula, A, B, D, Y ₁ , X, Y ₂ , and R have the same definitions as above; l represents an integer from 1 to 12; m represents an integer from 0 to 2, and m1 and m2 represent integers from 1 to 3; n represents an integer from 0 to 12 (however, when n=0, B is a single bond).

The side chain is preferably any one photoreactive side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (11) to (13). In the formula, A, X, l, m, m1 and R have the same definitions as above.

The side chain is preferably a photoreactive side chain represented by the following formula (14) or (15): wherein A, Y ₁ , l, m1 and m2 have the same definitions as above.

The side chain is preferably a photoreactive side chain represented by the following formula (16) or (17). In the formula, A, X, l and m have the same definitions as above.

The side chain is preferably a photoreactive side chain represented by the following formula (18) or (19). (In the formula, A, B, Y ₁ , and R ₁ have the same definitions as above. One of q1 and q2 is 1 and the other is 0; l represents an integer of 1 to 12, and m1 and m2 represent integers of 1 to 3;

The side chain is preferably a photoreactive side chain represented by the following formula (20): wherein A, Y ₁ , X, l and m have the same definitions as above.

Furthermore, as a component forming the photoreactive polymer film, a polymer having a liquid crystalline side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulae (21) to (31) may also be contained. For example, when the photoreactive side chain of the polymer forming the photoreactive polymer film does not have liquid crystal properties, or when the main chain of the polymer forming the photoreactive polymer film does not have liquid crystal properties, the component forming the photoreactive polymer film preferably has a liquid crystalline side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulae (21) to (31). wherein A, B, q1 and q2 have the same definitions as above; Y ₃ is a group selected from the group consisting of a monovalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, and an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to the above groups are independently substituted by -NO ₂ , -CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R ₃ represents a hydrogen atom, -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, a monovalent benzene ring, a naphthyl ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; l represents an integer from 1 to 12, and m represents an integer from 0 to 2, but in formulas (23) to (24), the total of all m's is 2 or more, and in formulas (25) to (26), the total of all m's is 1 or more, and m1, m2 and m3 each independently represent an integer from 1 to 3; _R2 represents a hydrogen atom, _-NO2 , -CN, a halogen group, a monovalent benzene ring, a naphthyl ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkyl group, or an alkoxy group; Z _1. Z ₂ represents a single bond, -CO-, -CH ₂ O-, -CH=N-, or -CF ₂ -.

<<Method for preparing photoreactive polymer film>> The photoreactive polymer film is obtained by polymerizing a photoreactive side chain monomer having the photoreactive side chain. Depending on the situation, the photoreactive side chain monomer can be obtained by copolymerizing the photoreactive side chain monomer with a monomer having the liquid crystal side chain. For example, it can be prepared by referring to [0062] to [0090] of WO2017/061536 (all contents of the WO2017/061536 are incorporated into the present invention by reference).

<Lens Element> The polarized light camera device of the present invention has a lens element. The lens element is not particularly limited as long as it has an imaging function in the light receiving element described later. <Light Receiving Element> The polarized light camera device of the present invention has a light receiving element. The light receiving element is not particularly limited as long as it can obtain the above-mentioned S ₀ to S ₃ from the imaging data.

The polarized light camera of the present invention is described using figures. FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the polarized light camera of the present invention. The polarized light camera of the present invention comprises an imaging lens, a color filter, an anisotropic diffraction lattice, and a light receiving element array. The arrangement distance of the imaging lens from the light receiving element array is set to be variable, and the focus can be adjusted. Since the diffraction angle of the anisotropic diffraction lattice is wavelength-dependent, there is a problem that image blur may occur for white light depending on the angular dispersion. For this reason, a color filter is inserted to reduce the influence of dispersion. The anisotropic diffraction lattice is used in combination with an interference filter corresponding to a frequency band of the optimized delay adapted to the observed wavelength.

By introducing an imaging unit (imaging lens, light receiving element array), imaging measurement can be performed without being limited to point measurement. Generally speaking, the Stokes parameters can be obtained by measuring the light intensity of the 0deg linear polarization component, 90deg linear polarization component, 45deg linear polarization component, -45deg linear polarization component, clockwise circular polarization component, and counterclockwise circular polarization component in formula (1), or Fourier analysis methods such as the rotational phase shift element method. However, these methods are not suitable for measuring the subject whose state changes over time because they require multiple measurements in principle. In contrast, the polarization imaging device of the present invention spatially separates the information necessary for measuring the Stokes parameter, obtains the intensity information at one time, and makes it possible to measure polarization imaging by snapshot. In other words, it is characterized in that even a dynamic object can be measured. In addition, since expensive optical elements including diffraction gratings are not required, the price is low, which is another characteristic.

The polarization imaging value of the present invention can be measured in two dimensions regardless of whether the measured object is dynamic or static, and can be applied to a variety of fields. For example, the medical field, the field of automatic driving technology of automobiles, the field of safety management, etc. can be cited, but it is not limited to these. Below, the present invention is specifically described using an embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiment. [Embodiment]

<Preparation of anisotropic diffraction lattice> As a recording material, a photo-crosslinkable polymer liquid crystal (4-(4-methoxycinnamoyloxy)biphenyl side groups (P6CB)) represented by the following formula is used. P6CB is dissolved in dichloromethane and applied on a glass substrate by rotation so that the film thickness becomes 300nm. Two glass substrates coated with a P6CB film are prepared and the P6CB film sides are bonded face to face to form an empty cell. In the produced empty cell, OC interference is performed with a UV laser with a wavelength of 325nm emitted by a He-Cd laser, while irradiating with an exposure energy of 600mJ/ ^cm2 . After irradiation, heat treatment was performed in an oven at 150°C for 15 minutes. After heat treatment, low molecular liquid crystal 5CB (4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl) was injected into the cell to produce a cell-type OC lattice. The diameter of the produced anisotropic diffraction lattice is 8mm.

<Production of polarizing imaging device> A polarizing imaging device was produced according to the schematic diagram of the polarizing imaging device shown in FIG3. Specifically, as shown in FIG4, the polarizing imaging device is configured in such a manner that the object to be photographed is an imaging lens, an interference filter (FL532-3 manufactured by Throrlabs (central wavelength 532nm), the anisotropic diffraction lattice obtained as described above, and a light receiving element. In addition, a commercially available camera (ILCE6000S manufactured by SONY) was used as a light receiving element, and the imaging lens, interference filter, and anisotropic diffraction lattice were packaged in a gauge system and designed to be mounted on the commercially available camera.

<Imaging Measurement> In this embodiment, a golden turtle that exhibits selective reflection characteristics for circularly polarized light is used as the subject for imaging measurement. The image is shown in FIG5. As can be seen from FIG5, three image points can be obtained. From the left, they correspond to the -1st light, 0th light, and +1st light components of the OC lattice. Among them, the -1st light and +1st light components represent the two-dimensional distribution of the counterclockwise rotating circular polarization component and the clockwise rotating circular polarization component. The images of the -1st light component (I _-1 ) and the +1st light component (I ₊₁ ) are extracted by image processing, and the imaging image of _S3 obtained by performing a differential calculation based on the following formula is shown in FIG6.

As shown in FIG6 , the spatial distribution of S ₃ along the shape of the golden turtle can be obtained. As can be seen from the image, the counterclockwise circular polarization light that reflects and scatters the golden turtle is dominantly included. This is consistent with the generally known selective reflection characteristics of the circular polarization of the golden turtle. Therefore, it is confirmed that the spatial distribution of the Stokes parameter can be imaged and measured by snapshots through the polarization imaging device of the present invention.

[Figure 1] shows a schematic diagram of a multi-recorded anisotropic diffraction lattice. [Figure 2] shows a diagram of the dependence of the incident polarization of _IA± , _IB± , and _IC± on the amplitude ratio angle Ψ based on the diffraction characteristics of the PL lattice. [Figure 3] is a diagram illustrating the schematic of the polarization imaging device of the present invention. [Figure 4] is a diagram illustrating the structure of the polarization imaging device used in the embodiment. [Figure 5] is an image of the result of imaging measurement using a golden turtle as the subject using the polarization imaging device used in the embodiment. FIG6 shows the image obtained from FIG5 . The images of the -1st light component (I _-1 ) and the +1st light component (I ₊₁ ) are extracted by image processing, and the image S ₃ is obtained by performing a difference calculation.

Claims (13)

A polarized light camera device comprises an anisotropic diffraction lattice element whose optical anisotropy is modulated periodically, a lens element, and a light receiving element, wherein the anisotropic diffraction lattice element comprises I) a first transparent substrate layer; and II) a first photoreactive polymer film having a first photoreactive side chain that produces at least one reaction selected from a group consisting of (A-1) photocrosslinking and (A-2) photoanisotropy; and III) a first photoreactive polymer film having a first photoreactive side chain that produces at least one reaction selected from a group consisting of (A-1) photocrosslinking and (A-2) photoanisotropy. 2 transparent substrate layers; and IV) a second photoreactive polymer film having a second photoreactive side chain that produces at least one reaction selected from the group consisting of (A-1) photocrosslinking and (A-2) photoanisotropy; the aforementioned II) first photoreactive polymer film and the aforementioned IV) second photoreactive polymer film are arranged face to face, and between the aforementioned II) first film and the aforementioned IV) second film, a (B) low molecular liquid crystal layer is arranged. The device as recited in claim 1, wherein the anisotropic diffraction lattice element is an anisotropic diffraction lattice having a plurality of lattice vectors with mutually different directions, and the lattice vectors are periodically modulated in at least anisotropic orientation or birefringence. The device as recited in claim 1, wherein the aforementioned anisotropic diffraction lattice element is an anisotropic diffraction lattice that can spatially separate the information of the Stokes parameter of the incident light according to the anisotropic orientation and the distribution of birefringence, and continuously converts the information into intensity information. As described in claim 1, the aforementioned diffraction lattice element has a diffraction efficiency of more than 5%. The device as described in claim 1, wherein the low molecular liquid crystal of the aforementioned (B) low molecular liquid crystal layer is selected from cyanobiphenyl type; cholesterol ester type; carbonate type; Schiff base type; benzidine type; azobenzene type; phenylcyclohexyl type, terphenyl type, phenylcyclohexyl type liquid crystal. As described in claim 1, the anisotropic diffraction lattice is an anisotropic diffraction lattice that spatially separates information of the Stokes parameter of light incident on the first and second photoreactive polymer films according to the anisotropic orientation and birefringence distribution formed on the first and second photoreactive polymer films, and continuously converts the information into intensity information by performing interference exposure of desired polarized light on the first and second photoreactive polymer films and forming arbitrary diffraction patterns on the first and second photoreactive polymer films. The device as recited in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first and second photoreactive polymer films comprise photoreactive polymers, and the photoreactive polymers comprise any one photoreactive side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulae (1) to (6): (wherein A, B, and D each independently represent a single bond, -O-, _-CH2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH-, -NH-CO-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; S is an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, the hydrogen atoms bonded to the alkylene group may be substituted with a halogen group; T is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, the hydrogen atoms bonded to the alkylene group may be substituted with a halogen group; Y ₁ represents a ring selected from a monovalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring and an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or a group formed by bonding with the same or different 2 to 6 rings selected from these substituents via a bonding group B, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to these substituents may be independently substituted by -COOR ₀ (wherein R ₀ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; Y ₂ is a group selected from a divalent benzene ring, a naphthyl ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and a combination thereof; the hydrogen atoms bonded to the above groups are each independently substituted by -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R represents a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or has the same definition as Y ₁ ; X represents a single bond, -COO-, -OCO-, -N=N-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; when the number of X is 2, the Xs may be the same or different; Cou represents coumarin-6-yl or coumarin-7-yl, and the hydrogen atom bonded thereto is independently substituted by -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; one of q1 and q2 is 1 and the other is 0; q3 is 0 or 1; P and Q are independently selected from the group consisting of a divalent benzene ring, a naphthyl ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof; provided that when X is -CH=CH-CO-O- or -O-CO-CH=CH-, -CH=CH - The P or Q on the side to which it is bonded is an aromatic ring; when the number of P is 2 or more, P may be the same or different from each other; when the number of Q is 2 or more, Q may be the same or different from each other; l1 is 0 or 1; l2 is an integer from 0 to 2; when l1 and l2 are both 0, when T is a single bond, A also represents a single bond; when l1 is 1, when T is a single bond, B also represents a single bond; H and I are each independently a group selected from a divalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, and a combination thereof)

The device as recited in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first and second photoreactive polymer films comprise photoreactive polymers, and the photoreactive polymers comprise any one photoreactive side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulae (7) to (10): (wherein A, B, and D each independently represent a single bond, -O-, _-CH2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH-, -NH-CO-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; Y ₁ represents a ring selected from a monovalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring and an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or a group formed by bonding to 2 to 6 rings selected from these substituents through a bonding group B, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to these substituents can be independently -COOR ₀ (wherein R ₀ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), -NO ₂ , -CN, or -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; X represents a single bond, -COO-, -OCO-, -N=N-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; when the number of X is 2, X may be the same or different; l represents an integer of 1 to 12; m represents an integer of 0 to 2, and m1 and m2 represent integers of 1 to 3; n represents an integer of 0 to 12 (but when n=0, B is a single bond); Y ₂ is a group selected from the group consisting of a divalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof; the hydrogen atoms bonded to the above groups are each independently substituted by -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R represents a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or has the same definition as Y ₁ ),

A device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first and second photoreactive polymer films have photoreactive polymers, and the photoreactive polymers have any one photoreactive side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formulae (11) to (13): (wherein A is independently a single bond, -O-, _-CH2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH-, -NH-CO-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; X is a single bond, -COO-, -OCO-, -N=N-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; when the number of X is 2, X may be the same or different. l represents an integer of 1 to 12, m represents an integer of 0 to 2, and m1 represents an integer of 1 to 3; R represents a ring selected from a monovalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, and an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or a group formed by bonding to 2 to 6 identical or different rings selected from these substituents via a bonding group B, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to these substituents may be independently substituted by -COOR ₀ (wherein R ₀ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or represents a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms),

The device as recited in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first and second photoreactive polymer films comprise photoreactive polymers, and the photoreactive polymers comprise photoreactive side chains represented by the following formula (14) or (15), (wherein A is independently a single bond, -O-, _-CH2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH-, -NH-CO-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; Y ₁ represents a ring selected from a monovalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring and an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or a group formed by bonding with the same or different 2 to 6 rings selected from these substituents via a bonding group B, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to these substituents may be independently substituted by -COOR ₀ (wherein R ₀ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; l represents an integer of 1 to 12, and m1 and m2 represent integers of 1 to 3),

The device as recited in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first and second photoreactive polymer films have photoreactive polymers, and the photoreactive polymers have photoreactive side chains represented by the following formula (16) or (17): (wherein A represents a single bond, -O-, _-CH2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH-, -NH-CO-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; X represents a single bond, -COO-, -OCO-, -N=N-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; when the number of X is 2, X may be the same as or different from each other; l represents an integer of 1 to 12, and m represents an integer of 0 to 2),

The device as recited in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first and second photoreactive polymer films comprise photoreactive polymers, and the photoreactive polymers comprise any one photosensitive side chain selected from the group consisting of the following formula (18) or (19), (wherein A and B each independently represent a single bond, -O-, _-CH2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH-, -NH-CO-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; Y ₁ represents a ring selected from a monovalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring and an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or a group formed by bonding to the same or different 2 to 6 rings selected from these substituents via a bonding group B, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to these substituents may be independently substituted by -COOR ₀ (wherein R ₀ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; one of q1 and q2 is 1 and the other is 0; l represents an integer of 1 to 12, and m1 and m2 represent integers of 1 to 3; R ₁ represents a hydrogen atom, -NO ₂ , -CN, -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or alkoxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms),

The device as recited in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first and second photoreactive polymer films comprise photoreactive polymers, and the photoreactive polymers comprise photoreactive side chains represented by the following formula (20): (wherein A represents a single bond, -O-, _-CH2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CONH-, -NH-CO-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; Y ₁ represents a ring selected from a monovalent benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring and an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or a group formed by bonding to 2 to 6 rings selected from these substituents through a bonding group B, and the hydrogen atoms bonded to these substituents can be independently -COOR ₀ (wherein R ₀ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), -NO ₂ , -CN, or -CH=C(CN) ₂ , -CH=CH-CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; X represents a single bond, -COO-, -OCO-, -N=N-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, or -O-CO-CH=CH-; when the number of X is 2, X may be the same or different; l represents an integer from 1 to 12, and m represents an integer from 0 to 2),