TWI725045B - 製備(4s)-4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氫-1,6-萘啶-3-羧醯胺之方法及其純化用於作為醫藥活性成分 - Google Patents
製備(4s)-4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氫-1,6-萘啶-3-羧醯胺之方法及其純化用於作為醫藥活性成分 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI725045B TWI725045B TW105126338A TW105126338A TWI725045B TW I725045 B TWI725045 B TW I725045B TW 105126338 A TW105126338 A TW 105126338A TW 105126338 A TW105126338 A TW 105126338A TW I725045 B TWI725045 B TW I725045B
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種製備式(I)之(4S)-4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氫-1,6-萘啶-3-羧醯胺之新穎且改良方法
Description
式(I)化合物可充當礦物性皮質激素受體之非類固醇拮抗劑,並可用作為用於預防及/或治療心血管和腎臟病症諸如心臟衰竭和糖尿病性腎病之藥劑。
式(I)化合物及其製備方法係描述於WO 2008/104306及ChemMedChem 2012,7,1385中,兩刊物揭示研究合成之詳細討論。其中所述合成之一缺點為:此合成不適合於進一步之大規模方法,因為許多步驟在非常高的稀釋下進行、使用非常高過量的試劑且因此提供較低總產率。此外,需要許多中間物層析純化,其在技術上通常非常費力且需要大量消耗溶劑,為相當昂貴的且因此希望盡可能避免。由於安全及製程技術困難,所以一些階段很難以工業規模方法達成。
因此,需要存在工業上可行的合成,其以高總產率、低生產成本和高純度的可再現方式提供式(I)化合物並符合所有法規要求,以便提供臨床試驗之活性成分和用於新藥註冊(regulatory submission)。
就本發明而言,已發現一種允許符合上述要求之非常有效的合成。
在ChemMedChem 2012,7,1385刊物中,其揭示式(I)化合物之研究規模合成,式(I)化合物係以10個階段從開始香草醛(vanillin)製備,具理論之3.76%的總產率。式(I)化合物係藉由蒸發層析部分為固體而得;迄今尚未有供用於多晶形調整之最後階段的確定結晶方法被描述。
下列流程圖1顯示製備式(I)化合物之已知方法。
利用三層析純化以及用於分離式(XIII)之外消旋物的鏡像異構物之掌性層析階段。一些階段以非常高之稀釋並使用非常大量之試劑進行。
例如,腈-醛中間物(VI)(特別地,其在此合成步驟中呈現重要作用)的製備順序就原子經濟(atom economy)而言無法接受。
流程圖2說明根據本發明之新穎方法,其從腈醛(VI)開始進行,以4階段提供式(I)化合物而未經中間物層析純化,總產率為理論的31.5%(從醛開始進行的上述研究合成之8.8%)。
製備級掌性HPLC方法(例如,SMB Technology,Varicol)係用於鏡像異構物分離。
醛(VI)係從文獻(J.Med.Chem.2007,50,2468-2485)中得知,且構成此合成之重要中間物。現亦可能商業上購得該化合物。
從4-氰基-2-甲氧基甲苯(VIa)開始,二溴化物(VIb)係以NBS製備,其係在乙醇中與2.46eq.之硝酸銀(在水中)反應以產生目標醛(VI)。此文獻中所述之合成及研究規模合成中所述之方法完全不適合於擴大至多噸規模(multi-tonne scale),致使非常需存在新穎的更有效率且經濟上更可行之合成。
未經分離,而是溶解於溶液中來進一步反應。此是唯一的可能,因為各反應之產率及純度極高(>理論的95%)。甲醚酯(XV)係從文獻(Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,1992,vol.35,p.734-740)得知,且藉由與非常易揮發的有害健康且昂貴之碘甲烷反應而製備。
可能顯示:可類似地使用非揮發性的較便宜之硫酸二甲酯。從酸(XIV)開始,該酸係在溶劑諸如丙酮、2-丁酮、THF、2-甲基-THF、DMF、DMA、或NMP中與硫酸二甲酯且借助於輔助鹼如諸如碳酸鉀、碳酸鈉、碳酸鈣、碳酸鋰、N-甲基咪唑、三乙胺、吡啶、或2,6-二甲基吡啶(2,6-lutidine)在50-100℃之溫度下進行反應,以產生甲醚酯(XV)。此為熟習該項技術者已知用於酸之酯化及酚之醚化的方法(Tetrahedron,2013,vol.69,p.2807-2815,Journal of the American Chemical Society,2013,vol.135,p.5656-5668)。已發現在回流(56℃)下在丙酮中使用硫酸二甲酯及碳酸鉀之反應為特佳。於此情況下,硫酸二甲酯係經4小時加至沸騰反應混合物中。將丙酮餾出並以甲苯取代(再蒸餾)。對於後處理,加水(分解過多之硫酸二甲酯),分離甲苯相並以水及氯化鈉飽和溶液洗滌,及隨後將甲苯溶液餾出至特定體積(作為共沸乾燥(azeotropic drying),即移除水以進行後續階段)。溶液含量之測定顯示幾乎完全轉化(>理論的96%)。替代溴化合物,可類似地使用氯化合物,其所達成之轉化與溴化合物相等。
醛(XIX)的製備係描述於文獻中,例如列舉下列:Glaxo Group Limited US2008/312209 A1,2008,European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,1986,vol.21,p.397-402、Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,1992,vol.35,p.734-740、Journal of Materials Chemistry,2011,vol.21,p.9523-9531。然而,反應中所使用之起始材料非常昂貴且無法大量取得,因此開發一種從甲醚酯(XV)開始的新方法。可能使用在甲苯中之REDAL(雙(2-甲氧基乙氧基)鋁二氫化鈉))藉由添加N-甲基哌而將(XV)轉化成醛(XIX)。此方法係描述於文獻(Synthesis 2003,No.6,823-828 and Tetrahedron 57(2001)2701-2710)中。若反應係以類似於文獻中所述之化學計量進行,則除了醛以外,混合物中發現另外的化合物。顯示:此為對應苯甲醇,其由高達
10%之過度還原(overreduction)而形成。其顯示將REDAL及N-甲基哌之化學計量準確地調整至1.21當量之REDAL+1.28當量之N-甲基哌是重要的;在該情況下,可能減少此副產物之程度下降至<1%,該副產物破壞後續結晶階段。為此目的,於0-5℃下進料在甲苯中之65% REDAL之溶液(較佳地1.21當量)並計量添加1.28當量之N-甲基哌。經約30分鐘期間將所得含N-甲基哌之REDAL溶液加至進料至甲苯中之溴甲酯溶液(XIV),且隨後將混合物在0℃下攪拌1小時。將反應溶液於水/酸(較佳為硫酸水溶液)中淬滅(quenched),及將甲苯相分離,並以水及飽和氯化鈉溶液洗滌。餾出甲苯,並於DMF(用於後續階段之溶劑)中再蒸餾。反應產率通常>理論的94%。類似地進行與氯化合物之對應反應,且產率相等。將該DMF溶液直接使用於後續反應中。
稍後在合成中,以本身為熟習該項技術者所熟悉的方法之方式(Synth.Commun.1994,887-890,Angew.Chemie 2003,1700-1703,Tetrahedron Lett.2007,2555-2557,Tetrahedron Lett.2004,1441-1444,JACS 2003,125,2890-2891,Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 689(2004),4576-4583)將溴醛(XIX)轉化成腈;此提供腈醛(VI)。已證實在溴化合物與六氰鐵酸鉀* 3 H2O作為氰化物源進行鈀催化之反應的情況是特別有利的(Tetrahedron Lett.48(2007),1087-1090)。為此目的,將溴醛(XVI)最初進料於DMF(8-10倍量)中,最初進料0.22eq.之六氰鐵酸鉀*3 H2O與1eq.之碳酸鈉,及接著添加0.005eq.之乙酸鈀。將混合物加熱至120℃經3小時。將溶液冷卻至20℃,接著添加水及乙酸乙酯。分離出乙酸乙酯相,將水相再次以乙酸乙酯洗滌,及合併之乙酸乙酯接著在異丙醇中再蒸餾。產物藉由於沸點之水沉澱而沉澱。分離後,將產物在真空下乾燥。在一些情況下,產物藉由加水而從DMF中直接沉澱出,及在分離與乾燥後直接使用於後續階段
中。此反應之產率通常為>理論的85%。乙酸鈀並不適合於氯化合物之轉化,在此已發現使用熟習該項技術者熟悉之鈀觸媒是有利的,如Tetrahedron Lett.48(2007),1087-1090中所述,產率略低於溴化合物的情況,通常為理論的80-85%。
該反應較佳在水分離器上藉由添加5-20mol%之哌啶(較佳10mol%)以及5-20mol%之冰醋酸(較佳5-10mol%)而於沸騰二氯甲烷(10倍量)中進行。反應時間為4-12h,但較佳為5-6h,特佳為6h。添加1.0-1.5eq.,但較佳1.1至1.35eq.,特佳為1.1eq.之酮醯胺(XVII)。酮醯胺(XVII)的製備為已知且描述於Tetrahedron Letters,1993,vol.34,6141-6142,但其亦為市售的。反應完成後,將反應冷卻至20℃並將有機相以水洗滌二次。有機洗滌液在2-丁醇中再蒸餾,及將E/Z桂皮醯胺混合物(XVI a+b)在沒有分離中間物下而直接使用於後續與雜環(IX)的反應,以產生二氫吡啶(XVIII):
已發現該反應較佳可在醇諸如乙醇、異丙醇、異丁醇(2-丁醇)、2-戊醇或環己醇中,在80-160℃之溫度下,於大氣壓力下進行,且於高壓釜(2-10巴)中進行,反應時間8-40h,但較佳在異丙醇中於高壓釜(100℃-130℃,2-10巴,較佳3-5巴,8-24h)或在乙醇中(90-130℃,3-10巴,3-24h),在2-丁醇中(100℃-130℃,2-10巴,較佳3-5巴,8-24h)進行。對於後續處理,將混合物冷卻至0℃至20℃,將晶體濾出並以異丙醇洗滌,及接著乾燥(在真空中,60℃)。
若為了環境經濟理由考量應省略使用二氯甲烷,目前已證實於異丙醇中製備桂皮醯胺(XVI a,b)為有利的,在該情況下醛(VI)進料至異丙醇(3-9倍量,較佳5-7倍量)及添加5-20mol%之哌啶(較佳5-10mol%、10mol%)和5-20mol%之冰醋酸(較佳5-10mol%或10mol%)。在30℃下,在3小時的過程中計量添加1.0-1.5當量,較佳1.1-1.35當量,特佳1.1當量之酮醯胺(XVII),視需要地解溶於少量異丙醇中,且將混合物在30℃下攪拌1小時。桂皮醯胺(XVI a,b)在反應期間結晶出來。隨後將產物濾出,在冷卻(較佳在0℃下)之後,以少量異丙醇(冷卻至0℃)洗滌,並濕潤地使用於後續反應中,如上所述。產率為>理論的95%。後續反應較佳在10-15倍量(相對於醛(VI),較佳為10-12倍量)之2-丁醇或異丙醇中在壓力下於100℃進行20-24小時。反應終止並冷卻之後,藉由過濾或離心將產物分離出來。產物隨後在真空下於40-90℃乾燥。因為轉化至桂皮醯胺(XVI a,b)幾乎定量進行,後續階段之方法可容易地標準化,而不需調整各情況下之雜環(IX)量,由於產物可以具有異丙醇之濕潤物使用。產率為>理論的75%。雜環(IX)可以文獻上已知之方法製備,諸如描述於例如Synthesis 1984,765-766中。
令人驚訝地,已發現該反應可藉由添加4-10重量%(較佳6-8重量%)之濃硫酸而以非常濃縮之方式(每1g反應物至多1.5g溶劑)在溶劑如二甲基乙醯胺、NMP(1-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮)或DMF(二甲基甲醯胺)中進行。該反應則令人驚訝地以2.5-5eq.之原酸酯(XX)(R=H或Me)酯進行。已發現將對應原乙酸三乙酯使用在反應中是更方便的,一方面是因為其反應更為為乾淨,且更不易燃燒,使其特別適用於技術流程中。反應較佳係在DMA(二甲基乙醯胺)及/或NMP(1-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮)中,於溫度100-120℃(較佳115℃)下進行。在實際反應開始之前,已證實在高溫(在真空下100-120℃)下蒸餾出一些溶劑(DMA及/或NMP),以從前驅物移除所存在的殘餘異丙醇,否則會出現不希望之副產物。然後將反應混合物攪拌1.5-3小時,較佳2小時。對於後續處理,將水直接加至混合物中,其中產物結晶出來。為了具有特別穩定且可再現之方法,先添加一部分水(如1/3),然後添加種晶,且添加剩餘量之水。此程序保證總是可獲得相同晶體多晶形,其顯示有最佳之分離特性。將產物以水洗滌並乾燥。產率為>理論的92%。純度通常為>99%(HPLC,100%方法)。
為了獲得式(I)化合物,醯胺(XIII)之外消旋混合物必須分離為對掌體。在已公佈之研究規模合成中,為此目的使用特異性合成掌性相(內部製備),其包含N-(二環丙基甲基)-N2-甲基丙烯醯基-D-亮胺醯胺作為不對稱選擇
劑。此選擇劑係以多階段方法製備,然後在特殊矽膠上進行聚合。甲醇/乙酸乙酯作為溶析液。此方法之主要缺點為非常低的裝載,在500*63mm層析管柱上每次分離30毫克,以致非常需要尋找一種有效的分離方法,其盡可能允許以多噸範圍進行對掌體的分離。令人驚訝地,已發現:該分離也可以市場上可容易買到的相進行。此為相Chiralpak AS-V之形式,20μm。所使用之溶淅液為甲醇/乙腈60:40之混合物。此混合物之主要優點為在具有相同的組成(60:40,對應於共沸物)之蒸餾處理後,其可回收為溶淅液。以此方式可達成非常有效的方法,其中分離之產率為>理論的47%(50%理論上是可能的)。光學純度在此為>93% e.e.,但較佳>98.5% e.e。在此情況下,層析法可於習知層析管柱中進行,但較佳使用熟習該項技術者已知之技術諸如SMB或Varicol(Computers and Chemical Engineering 27(2003)1883-1901)。例如,約500kg之外消旋醯胺(XIII)係使用SMB系統分離,其中可達到48%之產率。獲得產物為於甲醇/乙腈60:40之混合物中的3-8%,較佳5-7%溶液,並可直接使用於"最終處理"中。亦可接受乙腈對甲醇之其他溶劑混合物比(90:10至10:90)。或者,然而,其它溶劑混合物亦可使用於SMB分離中,諸如於10:90至90:10混合物比例之乙腈/乙醇。特定溶劑比部分地取決於SMB系統的技術性質,且如果合適的話,必須進行調整(例如改變流率、溶劑於薄膜蒸發器上之回收)。
因為式(I)化合物已發展為錠劑形式,所以非常需要分離之式(I)化合物以可再現方式分離為確保可再現之生物可用度的定義結晶形式。令人驚訝地,已發現式(I)化合物可從甲醇、乙醇、THF、乙腈,及其與水之混合物中結晶出來,其中僅有一種多晶形I可再現地形成,其具有252℃的定義熔點。以有利的方式,使用乙醇或變性乙醇。
最終結晶方法:為此目的,源自層析法之在甲醇/乙腈60:40中之約5-7%產物溶液(或,若使用乙醇/乙腈,約乙醇/乙腈50:50之3-4%溶液),首先為了GMP技術理由進行顆粒過濾及隨後以乙醇進行溶劑交換,較佳使用以甲苯變性之乙醇。為此目的,溶液可重複地再蒸餾、濃縮且每次添加新鮮的乙醇。交換之後,添加很多的乙醇,直至於沸點下通過溶液相,及接著在大氣壓力下或在稍微減壓下濃縮至約3至4倍體積,在此過程中產物結晶出來。此冷卻至0℃及接著分離晶體,並於40-50℃下真空乾燥。產量通常為>理論的90%。可達之化學純度為>99.8%及含量~100%,對應於根據ICH指南之商業產物標準。在乙醇之情況下,殘餘溶劑為<0.02%。光學純度為>>99% e.e。
式(I)化合物係呈多晶形I之晶形
其特徵在於該化合物之IR光譜(IR-ATR)呈現於3475、2230、1681、1658、1606、1572、1485、1255、1136和1031cm-1之帶最大值。
式(I)化合物通常經微米化且醫藥上配製為錠劑。已發現呈多晶形I之晶形的式(I)化合物具有非常好的穩定性性質(即使是於高大氣濕度下)且可無任何問題地儲存>2年。
使用根據本發明之合成,可能以非常有效的方式製備式(I)化合物。
關於可擴展性和技術性能,與先前技術相較,本發明提供相當大的優點。與公佈之數據相較,總產率明顯較高,且亦可達到活性成分之極佳純
度。該新穎方法使呈多晶形I之晶形的定義式(I)化合物能夠可再現性地經濟製備,其存在於先前技術中並未沒有描述。
本發明另外提供一種製備式(I)化合物之方法,
其特徵在於將式(XIII)的外消旋化合物分離成其鏡像異構物,其中式(XIII)化合物
係藉由使式(XVIII)化合物
與原酸酯(XX)反應而製備,
其中R可為H或甲基。
本發明另外提供一種呈E/Z混合物之下式化合物。
本發明另外提供一種製備式(XIII)化合物之方法,
其特徵在於式(XVIII)化合物
係與原酸酯(XX)反應,
其中R可為H或甲基,及其特徵在於式(XVIII)化合物係藉由使式(XVI a,b)化合物
與式(IX)化合物反應而製備,
所揭示之另一標的為一種製備於結晶多晶形(crystalline polymorph)I的根據上述製備式(I)化合物之方法之式(I)化合物之方法,
其特徵在於以一或多種多晶形或以在惰性溶劑中的溶劑合物存在之式(I)化合物係在20℃-120℃下攪拌並將式(I)化合物分離為結晶多晶形I。
根據本發明之化合物,式(I)化合物和呈多晶形I之晶形的式(I)化合物(下文稱為根據本發明之化合物)充當礦物質皮質激素受體之拮抗劑且呈現不可預見的藥理學活性之有效範圍光譜。彼等因此適合於用作為治療及/或預防人類和動物疾病的藥物。
根據本發明之化合物適合於預防及/或治療各種病症與疾病相關病況,尤其是其特徵為血漿中醛固酮濃度增加,或醛固酮血漿濃度相對於腎素血漿濃度的改變,或與這些改變相關。實例包括:特發性原發性高醛固酮症、與腎上腺增生、腎上腺皮質腺瘤及/或腎上腺癌有關之高醛固酮症、與肝硬化有關的高醛固酮症、與心臟衰竭有關的高醛固酮症、以及與原發性高血壓有關的(相對)高醛固酮症。
根據本發明之化合物,因為其作用機制,也適合於預防死於心源性猝死之高風險病患之心源性猝死。特別地,患有例如下列病症中任一者之病患:原發性和繼發性高血壓、有或無充血性心臟衰竭之高血壓性心臟疾病、難治性高血壓、急性和慢性心臟衰竭、冠狀動脈心臟疾病、穩定型和不穩定型心絞痛、心肌缺血、心肌梗塞、擴張型心肌病、遺傳性原發性心肌病例如Brugada症候群、南美錐蟲病造成之心肌症、休克、動脈硬化、房性
和室性心律失常、短暫性和缺血性發作、中風、發炎性心血管疾病、末梢和心臟血管病症、末梢血流障礙、動脈阻塞性病症諸如間歇性跛行、無症狀心肌病左心室功能不全、心肌炎、心臟肥厚性變化、肺高血壓、冠狀動脈與末梢動脈痙攣、血栓形成、血栓栓塞性病症、及脈管炎。
根據本發明之化合物亦可用於預防及/或治療水腫形成,例如肺水腫、腎水腫或與心臟衰竭有關的水腫,以及諸如溶栓療法、經皮腔內血管成形術(PTA)和經皮腔內冠狀動脈成形術(PTCA)、心臟移植和血管繞道手術後之再狹窄。
根據本發明之化合物另外適合於用作為保鉀利尿劑,以及用於電解質紊亂,如高鈣血症、高鈉血症或低鉀血症。
根據本發明之化合物同樣適合於治療腎病,諸如急性和慢性腎功能衰竭、高血壓性腎病、動脈硬化性腎炎(慢性和間質性)、腎硬化、慢性腎功能不全和囊性腎疾病,用於預防腎損害,其可例如在器官移植之情況由免疫抑制劑如環孢菌素A引起,以及腎癌。
根據本發明之化合物另外可用於預防及/或治療糖尿病及糖尿病後遺症,例如神經病變及腎病變。
根據本發明之化合物也可用於預防及/或治療微量白蛋白尿(例如由糖尿病或高血壓所引起)及蛋白尿。
根據本發明之化合物亦適合於預防及/或治療與血漿中葡萄糖皮質激素濃度增加,或與組織(例如心臟)中葡萄糖皮質激素濃度局部增加有關的病症。實例包括:導致葡萄糖皮質激素過度製造之腎上腺功能障礙(庫欣症候群)、具有造成葡萄糖皮質激素過度製造之腎上腺皮質腫瘤,以及自主製造ACTH(腎上腺皮質激素)且因此導致腎上腺皮質增生並產生庫欣氏病(Cushing’s disease)的腦垂體腫瘤。
根據本發明之化合物可額外地用於預防及/或治療肥胖、代謝症候群及阻塞型睡眠呼吸中止症。
根據本發明之化合物亦可使用於預防及/或治療例如由病毒、螺旋體、真菌、細菌或分枝桿菌引起的發炎性病症,以及病因不明之發炎性病症如多發性關節炎、紅斑狼瘡、末梢或多發性動脈炎、皮肌炎、硬皮病與類肉瘤病。
根據本發明之化合物另外可用於治療中樞神經病症,諸如憂鬱、焦慮狀態及慢性疼痛,尤其是偏頭痛,及用於治療神經退化病症,諸如阿茲海默症及帕金森氏症候群。
根據本發明之化合物亦適合於預防及/或治療例如程序諸如經皮冠狀動脈成形術(PTCA)、支架植入、冠狀動脈血管鏡檢查之後的血管損傷、繞道手術之後再閉塞或再狹窄,以及內皮功能障礙、雷諾氏症(Raynaud's disease)、血栓閉塞性脈管炎(伯格氏症(Buerger's syndrome))和耳鳴症候群。
本發明另外揭示根據本發明之化合物用於治療及/或預防病症(尤其是前述病症)之用途。
本發明另外揭示根據本發明之化合物用於製造供治療及/或預防病症(尤其是前述病症)之藥劑的用途。
本發明另外揭示一種治療及/或預防病症(尤其是前述病症)之方法,其係使用有效量之至少一種本發明化合物。
根據本發明之化合物可單獨使用或若有需要的話,可與其他活性化合物組合使用。發明另外揭示包含至少一種根據本發明之化合物及一或多種其他活性化合物之藥物,尤其是用於治療及/或預防上述病症。適合於組合之活性成分的較佳實例包括:
●可降低血壓之活性成分,例如且較佳選自下列之群組:鈣拮抗劑、血管收縮素AII拮抗劑、ACE抑制劑、內皮素拮抗劑、腎素抑制劑、α-受體阻斷劑、β-受體阻斷劑和Rho激酶抑制劑;●利尿劑,尤其是亨氏環利尿劑(loop diuretics)、及噻嗪類(thiazide)和似噻嗪利尿劑;●降低血壓之活性,例如且較佳選自下列之群組:鈣拮抗劑、血管收縮素AII拮抗劑、ACE抑制劑、內皮素拮抗劑、腎素抑制劑、α-受體阻斷劑、β-受體阻斷劑和Rho激酶抑制劑;●抗血栓劑,例如且較佳選自下列之群組:血小板聚集抑制劑、抗凝血劑或纖溶酶原物質(profibrinolytic substances);●改變脂質代謝之活性成分,例如且較佳選自下列之群組:甲狀腺受體促效劑、膽固醇合成抑制劑(較佳實例為HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑或角鯊烯合成抑制劑)、ACAT抑制劑、CETP抑制劑、MTP抑制劑、PPAR-α、PPAR-γ,及/或PPAR-δ促效劑、膽固醇吸收抑制劑、脂肪酶抑制劑、聚合膽酸吸附劑、膽酸再吸收抑制劑和脂蛋白(a)拮抗劑;●有機硝酸鹽和NO供體,例如硝普鈉、硝化甘油、異山梨醇單硝酸鹽、異山梨醇二硝酸鹽、嗎多明(molsidomine)或SIN-1,和吸入性NO;●具有正影響肌收縮力作用之化合物,例如強心配糖體(cardiac glycosides)(地谷新(digoxin))、β腎上腺素和多巴胺促效劑諸如異丙基腎上腺素(isoproterenol)、腎上腺素(adrenalin)、去甲腎上腺素(noradrenalin)、多巴胺(dopamine)或多巴酚丁胺(dobutamine);●抑制環單磷酸鳥苷(cGMP)及/或環單磷酸腺苷(cAMP)降解之化合物,例如磷酸二酯酶(PDE)1、2、3、4及/或5之抑制劑,尤其是PDE 5抑制劑諸如西地那非(sildenafil)、伐地那非(vardenafil)和他達拉非(tadalafil),及
PDE3抑制劑諸如氨力農(amrinone)和米力農(milrinone);●利尿鈉肽,例如心房利鈉肽(ANP,阿那立肽(anaritide))、B-型利鈉肽或腦利鈉肽(BNP,奈西立肽(nesiritide))、C-型利鈉肽(CNP)或腎利尿素(urodilatin);●鈣敏化劑,較佳實例為左西孟旦(levosimendan);●鳥苷酸環化酶刺之NO-獨立性但血紅素-依賴性激劑,諸如尤其是WO 00/06568、WO 00/06569、WO 02/42301與WO 03/095451中所述之化合物;●鳥苷酸環化酶之NO-與血紅素-獨立性活化劑,諸如尤其是WO 01/19355、WO 01/19776、WO 01/19778、WO 01/19780、WO 02/070462和WO 02/070510中所述之化合物;●人類中性粒細胞彈性蛋白酶(HNE)的抑制劑,例如西維來司(sivelestat)或DX-890(Reltran);●抑制訊息傳遞級聯之化合物,例如酪胺酸激酶抑制劑,尤其是索拉非尼(sorafenib)、伊馬替尼(imatinib)、吉非替尼(gefitinib)和厄洛替尼(erlotinib);及/或●影響心臟能量代謝之化合物,較佳實例為依托莫司(etomoxir)、二氯乙酸酯、雷諾嗪(ranolazine)或曲美他嗪(trimetazidine)。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與利尿劑(例如且較佳為呋塞米(furosemide)、布美他尼(bumetanide)、托拉塞米(torsemide)、苄氟噻嗪(bendroflumethiazide)、氯噻嗪(chlorthiazide)、氫氯噻嗪(hydrochlorthiazide)、氫氟噻嗪(hydroflumethiazide)、甲氯噻嗪(methyclothiazide)、泊利噻嗪(polythiazide)、三氯噻嗪(trichlormethiazide)、氯噻酮(chlorthalidone)、吲達帕胺(indapamide)、美托拉宗(metolazone)、喹
乙唑酮(quinethazone)、乙醯唑胺(acetazolamide)、二氯磺胺(dichlorophenamide)、甲醋唑胺(methazolamide)、甘油、異山梨醇(isosorbide)、甘露醇、阿米洛利(amiloride)或氨苯喋啶(triamterene))組合投藥。
降血壓之藥劑較佳理解為意指選自下列群組之化合物:鈣拮抗劑、血管收縮素AII拮抗劑、ACE抑制劑、內皮素拮抗劑、腎素抑制劑、α-受體阻斷劑、β-受體阻斷劑、Rho激酶抑制劑、及利尿劑。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與鈣拮抗劑(例如且較佳為硝苯地平(nifedipine)、氨氯地平(amlodipine)、維拉帕米(verapamil)或地爾硫卓(diltiazem))組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與血管緊縮素AII拮抗劑(較佳實例為洛沙坦(losartan)、坎地沙坦(candesartan)、纈沙坦(valsartan)、替米沙坦(telmisartan)或恩布沙坦(embusartan))組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與ACE抑制劑(例如且較佳為依拉普利(enalapril)、卡托普利(captopril)、賴諾普利(lisinopril)、雷米普利(ramipril)、地拉普利(delapril)、福辛普利(fosinopril)、喹那普利(quinopril)、培吲普利(perindopril)或群多普利(trandopril))組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與內皮素拮抗劑(例如且較佳為波生坦(bosentan)、達盧生坦(darusentan)、安倍生坦(ambrisentan)或司他生坦(sitaxsentan))組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與腎素抑制劑(例如且較佳為阿利克崙(aliskiren)、SPP-600、SPP-635、SPP-676、SPP-800或SPP-1148)組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與α-1受體阻斷劑(例如且較佳為哌唑嗪(prazosin))組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與β-受體阻斷劑(例如且較佳為普萘洛爾(propranolol)、阿替洛爾(atenolol)、噻嗎洛爾(timolol)、吲哚洛爾(pindolol)、阿普洛爾(alprenolol)、氧烯洛爾(oxprenolol)、噴布洛爾(penbutolol)、布拉洛爾(bupranolol)、美替洛爾(metipranolol)、納多洛爾(nadolol)、甲吲洛爾(mepindolol)、咔唑洛爾(carazolol)、索他洛爾(sotalol)、美托洛爾(metoprolol)、倍他洛爾(betaxolol)、塞利洛爾(celiprolol)、比索洛爾(bisoprolol)、卡替洛爾(carteolol)、艾司洛爾(esmolol)、拉貝洛爾(labetalol)、卡維地洛(carvedilol)、阿達洛爾(adaprolol)、蘭地洛爾(landiolol)、奈必洛爾(nebivolol)、依泮洛爾(epanolol)或布新洛爾(bucindolol))組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與rho激酶抑制劑(例如且較佳為法舒地爾(fasudil)、Y-27632、SLx-2119、BF-66851、BF-66852、BF-66853、KI-23095或BA-1049)組合投藥。
抗血栓劑較佳係理解為意指選自下列群組之化合物:血小板凝聚抑制劑、抗凝血劑或纖溶酶原物質。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與血小板凝集抑制劑(例如且較佳為阿斯匹靈、氯吡多(clopidogrel)、氯苄噻唑啶(ticlopidine)或雙嘧達莫(dipyridamol))組合投藥。
在本發明之一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與凝血酶抑制劑(例如且較佳為希美加曲(ximelagatran)、美拉加群(melagatran)、比伐盧定(bivalirudin)或克賽(clexane))組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與GPIIb/IIIa拮抗劑(例如且較佳為替羅非班(tirofiban)或阿昔單抗(abciximab))組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與因子Xa抑制劑(以舉例的方式且較佳為利伐沙班(rivaroxaban)(BAY 59-7939)、DU-176b、阿哌
沙班(apixaban)、奧米沙班(otamixaban)、非德沙班(fidexaban)、雷扎沙班(razaxaban)、磺達肝素(fondaparinux)、抑達肝素(idraparinux)、PMD-3112、YM-150、KFA-1982、EMD-503982、MCM-17、MLN-1021、DX 9065a、DPC 906、JTV 803、SSR-126512或SSR-128428)組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與肝素或低分子量(LMW)肝素衍生物組合投藥組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與維生素K拮抗劑(例如且較佳為香豆素)組合投藥。
脂質代謝調節劑較佳理解為意指選自下列群組之化合物:CETP抑制劑、甲狀腺受體促效劑、膽固醇合成抑制劑諸如HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑或角鯊烯合成抑制劑、ACAT抑制劑、MTP抑制劑、PPAR-α、PPAR-γ及/或PPAR-δ促效劑、膽固醇吸收抑制劑、聚合膽汁酸吸收劑、膽汁酸再吸收抑制劑、脂肪酶抑制劑及脂蛋白(a)拮抗劑。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與CETP抑制劑(例如且較佳為托西曲濱(torcetrapib)(CP-529 414)、JJT-705、BAY 60-5521、BAY 78-7499或CETP疫苗(Avant))組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與甲狀腺受體促效劑(例如且較佳為D-甲狀腺素、3,5,3'-三碘甲腺胺酸(T3)、CGS 23425或阿昔替羅(axitirome)(CGS 26214))組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與選自他汀類(statins)之HMG-CoA-還原酶抑制劑(例如且較佳為洛伐他汀(lovastatin)、辛伐他汀(simvastatin)、普伐他汀(pravastatin)、氟伐他汀(fluvastatin)、阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)、羅蘇伐他汀(rosuvastatin)、西立伐他汀(cerivastatin)或匹伐他汀(pitavastatin))組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與角鯊烯合成抑制劑(例如且較佳為BMS-188494或TAK-475組合)投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與ACAT抑制劑(例如且較佳為阿伐麥布(avasimibe)、甲亞油醯胺(melinamide)、帕替麥布(pactimibe)、依魯麥布(eflucimibe)或SMP-797)組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與MTP抑制劑(例如且較佳為英普他派(implitapide)、BMS-201038、R-103757或JTT-130)組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與PPAR-γ促效劑(例如且較佳為吡格列酮(pioglitazone)或羅格列酮(rosiglitazone)組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與PPAR-δ促效劑(例如且較佳為GW 501516或BAY 68-5042)組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與膽固醇吸收抑制劑(例如且較佳依澤替米貝(ezetimibe)、替奎安(tiqueside)或帕馬苷(pamaqueside))組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與脂質酶抑制劑(例如且較佳為奧利司他(orlistat))組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與聚合性膽酸吸收劑(例如且較佳為消膽胺(cholestyramine)、考來替泊(colestipol)、考來維侖(colesolvam)、考來維他膠(CholestaGel)或考來替麥(colestimide))組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與膽酸再吸收抑制劑(例如且較佳為ASBT(=IBAT)抑制劑,例如AZD-7806、S-8921、AK-105、BARI-1741、SC-435或SC-635)組合投藥。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之化合物係與脂蛋白(a)拮抗劑(例如且較佳為吉卡本鈣(Gemcabene calcium)(CI-1027)或菸鹼酸)組合投藥。
本發明另外揭示藥物,其包含至少一種根據本發明之化合物,通常與一種或多種惰性、非毒性、醫藥上適當之賦形劑一起,及其用於上述目的上之用途。
根據本發明之化合物可系統性及/或局部性地作用。為於此目的,彼等可以適當方式,例如藉由口服、胃腸外、肺部、鼻腔、舌下、舌、口腔、直腸、皮膚、經皮、經結膜、耳部途徑或以植入物或支架投藥。
根據本發明之化合物可以適合於此等投藥途徑之投藥形式投藥。
適合於口服投藥之投藥形式為彼等根據先前技術工作並迅速及/或以改良方式釋出根據本發明之化合物且其含有結晶及/或非晶形及/或溶解形式之根據本發明化合物者,例如,錠劑(未經塗布或經塗布之錠劑,例如具有控制釋放本發明化合物之抗胃液或延緩溶解或不溶性塗層)、在口腔中迅速崩解之錠劑或薄膜/扁圓片(oblate)、薄膜/凍乾產物或膠囊(例如硬或軟明膠膠囊)、糖衣錠、粒劑、丸劑、粉劑、乳劑、懸浮劑、氣溶膠或溶液。
胃腸外投藥可避開吸收步驟(例如藉由靜脈內、動脈內、心內、脊柱內或腔內(intralumbal)途徑)或包括吸收(例如藉由肌肉內、皮下、皮內、經皮或腹膜內途徑)而完成。適合於胃腸外投藥之投藥形式包括溶液、懸浮液、乳液、凍乾產物或無菌粉劑之形式的注射及灌注用製劑。
關於其他投藥途徑,適當實例為可吸入藥物形式(包括粉末吸入器、噴霧器)、滴鼻劑、溶液或噴霧劑、用於舌、舌下或口腔投藥之錠劑、薄膜/扁圓片(oblate)或膠囊、栓劑、耳或眼製劑、陰道膠囊、水性懸浮劑(洗劑、震盪混合物)、親脂性懸浮劑、軟膏、乳膏、經皮治療系統(例如貼布)、
乳劑、糊劑、泡沫、撒粉、植入物或支架。
口服或胃腸外投藥為較佳,尤其是口服及靜脈內投藥。
根據本發明之化合物可轉化成所述投藥形式。此可以本身已知的方式藉由與惰性無毒的醫藥上適當賦形劑混合來完成。此等賦形劑包括載體(例如微晶纖維素、乳糖、甘露糖醇)、溶劑(例如液態聚乙二醇)、乳化劑及分散劑或潤濕劑(例如十二烷基硫酸鈉、聚氧基山梨糖醇酐油酸酯)、黏合劑(例如聚乙烯吡咯啶酮)、合成和天然聚合物(例如白蛋白)、穩定劑(例如抗氧化劑,例如抗壞血酸)、著色劑(例如無機顏料,例如氧化鐵)和香料及/或氣味矯飾劑。
通常,已發現:在胃腸外投藥之情形中投予約0.001至1mg/kg體重,較佳約0.01至0.5mg/kg體重的量,對於達到有效的結果是有利的。在口服投藥之情形中,該劑量為約0.01至100mg/kg,較佳約0.01至20mg/kg,且最佳為0.1至10mg/kg之體重。
然而在一些情況下可能需要特別根據體重、投藥途徑、對活性化合物之個別反應、製劑性質及進行投藥之時間或間隔,需要偏離所述量。因此在一些情況下,以低於前述最小量即足以控管,而於其他情況中則必須超過所述上限。在較大量投藥的情況下,可建議將其分成幾個單獨劑量於一天內投藥。
下列工作例說明本發明。本發明並不侷限於該等實施例。
除非另有說明,否則在下列測試及實施例中之百分比為重量百分比;份為重量份。液體/液體溶液之溶劑比、稀釋比及濃度數據在各情況下係以體積為基準計。
MS:來自質譜之質量
HPLC:高效液相層析
DMF:二甲基甲醯胺
在甲苯中之Red-Al溶液:在甲苯中之雙(2-甲氧基乙氧基)鋁二氫化鈉
THF:四氫呋喃
Aqu.HCl:鹽酸水溶液
DMAP:4-(二甲胺基)吡啶
將3.06kg(22.12mol)的碳酸鉀最初進料於3.6l之丙酮中並加熱至回流。將懸浮於7.8l之丙酮的1.2kg之4-溴-2-羥基苯甲酸(5.53mol)加至此懸浮液,且以0.6l之丙酮洗滌。懸浮液在回流下加熱1小時(劇烈放出氣體!)。接著經4小時添加2.65kg(21.01mol)的硫酸二甲酯同時沸騰。隨後將混合物在回流下攪拌2.5小時。將溶劑大量蒸餾出來(至可攪拌點)並添加12l之甲苯,且接著在110℃下蒸餾出殘餘之丙酮。將約3l之餾出物蒸餾出來,此係藉以添加另外3l之甲苯補充至混合物。使混合物冷卻至20℃,並添加10.8l之水且劇烈攪拌。分離出有機相,並以6.1l之甲
苯再次萃取水相。將合併之有機相以3l之飽和氯化鈉溶液洗滌,並將甲苯相濃縮至約4l。藉由蒸發一部分的含量之測定產生1.306kg(理論值96.4%)之轉化產率。將溶液直接用於後續階段。
HPLC方法A:RT約11.9min。
MS(EIpos):m/z=245[M+H]+
1H NMR(400MHz,CD2Cl2):δ=3.84(s,3H),3.90(s,3H),7.12-7.20(m,2H),7.62(d,1H)。
在-5℃下將1.936kg(6.22mol)的在甲苯中之65% Red-Al溶液進料1.25l之甲苯。將0.66kg(6.59mol)的1-甲基哌加至此溶液,其係以150ml之甲苯洗滌,且溫度維持於-7與-5℃之間。然後使混合物留置以在0℃下攪拌30分鐘。然後將此溶液加至1.261kg(5.147mol)的4-溴-2-甲氧基甲酸甲酯(XV)溶解在4l之甲苯中的溶液,溫度維持於-8與0℃之間。以0.7l之甲苯洗滌二次之後,接著將混合物在0℃下攪拌1.5小時。為了後續處理,將溶液在0℃下加至冷硫酸水溶液(12.5l之水+1.4kg之濃硫酸)。溫度最大應增加至10℃(緩慢增加)。視需要,藉由添加另外的硫酸將pH調整至pH 1。將有機相分離,並以7.6l之甲苯萃取水相。合併之有機相係以5.1l之水洗滌,然後實質濃縮,並以10l之DMF溶解殘餘物。將溶液再次濃縮至約5l之體積。藉由蒸發一部分的含量之測定產生1.041kg(理論的94.1%)之轉化產率。溶液直接用於後續階段。
HPLC方法A:RT約12.1min。
MS(EIpos):m/z=162[M+H]+
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ=3.93(3H,s),7.17(2H,m),7.68(1H,d),10.40(1H,s)
將719克(3.34mol)的4-溴-2-甲氧基苯甲醛(XVI)以在4.5l之DMF中的溶液進料313克(0.74mol)的六氰鐵酸鉀(K4[Fe(CN)6])和354克(3.34mol)的碳酸鈉,及添加另外1.2l之DMF和3.8克(0.017mol)的乙酸鈀。將混合物在120℃下攪拌3小時。留置混合物以冷卻至20℃,並將5.7l之水加至混合物。以17l之乙酸乙酯萃取混合物,並以17l之乙酸乙酯洗滌水相。合併有機相並實質上濃縮,溶解於5l之異丙醇中,並濃縮至約2l。將混合物加熱至沸騰並滴加2l之水。使混合物冷卻至50℃,並添加另2l之水。將混合物冷卻至3℃,及於此溫度下攪拌1小時。將產物濾出,並以水洗滌(2 x 1.2l)。將產物在真空下於40℃乾燥。
產量:469g(理論的87%)的米黃色固體。
HPLC方法A:RT約8.3min。
MS(EIpos):m/z=162[M+H]+
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=3.98(s,3H),7.53(d,1H),7.80(s,1H),7.81(d,1H),10.37(s,1H)。
將1000g(6204.95mmol)的4-甲醯基-3-甲氧基苯甲腈(VI)、721.5g(7135.7mmol)的3-側氧丁醯胺(XVII)、53g(620mmol)的哌啶和37.3g(620mmol)的冰醋酸在15 l的二氯甲烷中在水分離器上於回流下加熱4小時。隨後,蒸餾出約10 l的二氯甲烷並將混合物留置以冷卻至室溫,將混合物冷卻至0℃及留置以攪拌4小時,並將產物濾出及用每次1000ml的冷二氯甲烷洗滌兩次。將產物在夾帶氣體之真空下於40℃乾燥。
產量:1439.8g(95.0%理論的)的黃色固體。
HPLC方法A:RT約3.55min。
MS(EIpos):m/z=245[M+H]+
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=2.35(s,3H),3.30(s,2H),3.90(s,3H),7.45(d,1H),7,7(m,3H),7.75(d,1H),8.85(d,1H)
將2.128kg(8.712mol)的(2E/2Z)-2-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯亞甲基)-3-側氧丁醯胺(XVI a,b)用291的2-丁醇溶解,添加1.277kg(7.92mol)的4-胺基-5-甲基吡啶酮,及接著將混合物在密閉攪拌槽中在高壓下於120℃之內部溫度加熱12h。然後經過5h利用梯度將混合物冷卻至0℃且接著在0℃下攪拌3小時。然後濾出產物並以2.1 l的冷異丙醇洗滌。將產物在真空下於60℃乾燥。
產量:2.081kg(根據4-胺基-5-甲基吡啶酮之理論的75%,因為該組分以化學計量的方式使用)的淡黃色固體。
HPLC方法A:RT約3.64min。
MS(EIpos):m/z=351[M+H]+
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=2.00(s,3H),2.10(s,3H),3.78(s,3H),5.22(s,1H),6.65(s(broad),1H),6.85(s(broad),1H),6.91(s,1H),7.11(d,1H),7.28(d,1H),7.35(s,1H),7.52(s,1H),10,61(s,1H)
將1.857kg(5.3mol)的4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-2,8-二甲基-5-側氧-1,4,5,6-四氫-1,6-萘啶-3-羧醯胺(XVIII)和4.70kg(29mol)的原乙酸三乙酯溶解在12.15 l的二甲基乙醯胺中,並添加157.5g濃硫酸。將混合物在115℃
下加熱1.5小時,然後冷卻至50℃。在50℃下,經30分鐘滴加12.15升的水。添加完成之後,以10g標題化合物(XIII)將混合物種晶,及在50℃下經30分鐘滴加另外12.15升的水。將混合物冷卻至0℃(梯度,2小時)且然後在0℃下攪拌2小時。濾出產物,每次用7.7 l水洗滌兩次,並在真空下於50℃乾燥。
產量:1.845kg(理論的92.0%)的淡黃色固體。
HPLC方法B:RT約10.2 min。
MS(EIpos):m/z=433[M+H]+
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=1.11(t,3H),2.16(s,3H),2.42(s,3H),2.78(m,2H),3.77(s,3H),4.01-4.13(m,4H),5.37(s,1H),7.25(d,1H),7.28-7.33(m,2H),7.60(s,1H),8.35(s,1H)。
進料溶液為對應於由50g之外消旋4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氫-1,6-萘啶-3-羧醯胺(XIII)溶解於1升之甲醇/乙腈60:40混合物中所組成的濃度之溶液。
溶液係利用SMB系統在固定相上進行層析:Chiralpak AS-V,20μm。
壓力為30巴,並使用甲醇/乙腈60:40之混合物作為溶析液。
將9.00kg的4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氫-1,6-萘啶-3-羧醯胺(XIII)溶解在180 l的由甲醇/乙腈60:401組成之混合物中並利用SMB進行層析。在濃縮含產物部分之後,獲得69.68升的6.2%溶液(對應於4.32kg的(4S)-4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氫-1,6-萘啶-3-羧醯胺(I)),呈在乙腈/甲醇40:60中之溶液。
產量:4.32kg(理論的48%),呈溶解在69.68升的乙腈/甲醇40:60中之無色部分。
鏡像異構物純度:>98.5% e.e.(HPLC,方法D)
在真空下濃縮樣品且產生:MS(EIpos):m/z=379[M+H]+
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=1.05(t,3H),2.12(s,3H),2.18(s,3H),3.82(s,3H),3.99-4.07(m,2H),5.37(s,1H),6.60-6.84(m,2H),7.14(d,1H),7.28(dd,1H),7.37(d,1H),7.55(s,1H),7.69(s,1H)。
將64.52升來自實施例6之在乙腈/甲醇40:60混合物中之6.2%溶液(對應於4.00kg之化合物1)通過濾芯(1.2um)過濾,且隨後在250毫巴下充分濃縮,以使溶液仍可攪拌。添加48l的經甲苯變性之乙醇,並再次在250毫巴下蒸餾至可攪拌性之極限(於乙醇中再蒸餾)。添加另外48l的經甲苯變性之乙醇,且然後在大氣壓下蒸餾降至總體積約14l(夾套溫度98℃)。將混合物經由梯度(4小時)冷卻至0℃,在0℃下攪拌2小時、及濾出產物。產物以每次4l之冷乙醇洗滌二次,且接著在真空下於50℃乾燥。
產量:3.64kg(理論的91%)的無色結晶性粉末。
鏡像異構物純度:>>99% e.e.(HPLC方法D);滯留時間/RRT:(4S)-4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氫-1,6-萘啶-3-羧醯胺(I)約11min。RRT:1.00;(4R)-4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氫-1,6-萘啶-3-羧醯胺(I)約9min。RRT:0.82
純度:>99.8%(HPLC方法B),RT:約6.7min。
含量:99.9%(相對於外標準品)
比旋光度(氯仿,589nm,19.7℃,c=0.38600g/100ml):-148.8°。
MS(EIpos):m/z=379[M+H]+
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=1.05(t,3H),2.12(s,3H),2.18(s,3H),3.82(s,3H),3.99-4.07(m,2H),5.37(s,1H),6.60-6.84(m,2H),7.14(d,1H),7.28(dd,1H),7.37(d,1H),7.55(s,1H),7.69(s,1H)。
熔點:252℃(呈多晶形I之晶形的式(I)化合物)
呈多晶形I之晶形的式(I)化合物於252℃熔融,△H=95-113Jg-1(加熱速率20Kmin-1)。
觀察到熔點之抑制,其係取決於加熱速率。
熔點以較低加熱速率(如2Kmin-1減少,因為發生分解。
未觀察到其他相轉移。觀察到於至多175℃之溫度的約0.1%之質量損失。
將呈多晶形I之晶形的式(I)化合物之樣品儲存於85%及97%相對濕度(25℃)。在12個月之後以DSC、TGA、及XRPD評估樣品。在12個月之後,在二情況中觀察到<0.1%之質量變化。此意指呈多晶形I之晶形的式(I)化合物顯示在該些儲存條件下無明顯吸水。根據DSC、TGA、及XRPD,呈多晶形I之晶形的式(I)化合物中不存在差異。
YMC Hydrosphere C18
150*4.6mm,3.0μm
25℃,1ml/min,270nm,4nm
0':70% TFA 0.1%*;30%乙腈
17':20% TFA 0.1%*;80%乙腈
18':70% TFA 0.1%*;30%乙腈
*:在水中之TFA
YMC Hydrosphere C18
150*4.6mm,3.0μm
25℃,1ml/min,255nm,6nm
0':90% TFA 0.1%*;10%乙腈
20':10% TFA 0.1%*;90%乙腈
18':10% TFA 0.1%*;90%乙腈
Nucleodur Gravity C18
150*2mm,3.0μm
35℃,0.22ml/min,255nm,6nm
溶液A:0.58g的磷酸氫銨和0.66g的磷酸二氫銨在11的水中(磷酸氫銨緩衝液pH 7.2)
溶液B:乙腈
0‘:30% B;70% A
15‘:80% B;20% A
25‘:80% B;20% A
管柱長度:25cm
內徑:4.6mm
填料:Chiralpak IA,5μm
試劑:1.乙腈,HPLC級
2.甲基三級丁基醚(MTBE),p.a.
測試溶液:樣品係以1.0mg/ml之濃度溶解於乙腈中。
(例如約25mg的樣品,精確秤重,溶解於乙腈中,至25.0ml)。
溶析液A.乙腈
B.甲基三級丁基醚(MTBE),p.a。
流率:0.8ml/min
管柱烘箱溫度:25℃
檢測量測波長:255nm
帶寬:6nm
注射體積5μl
以90:10之體積比混合溶析液A與B的組成物
層析運行時間30min
滯留時間/RRT:
(4S)-4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氫-1,6-萘啶-3-羧醯胺(1)約11min。RRT:1.00
(4R)-4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氫-1,6-萘啶-3-羧醯胺(1)約9min。RRT:0.82
儀器Perkin Elmer Spectrum One
掃描次數32
解析4cm-1
技術鑽石ATR單元
儀器Bruker Raman RFS 100/S
掃描次數64
解析2-4cm-1
雷射功率350mW
雷射波長1064nm
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CN110317265B (zh) * | 2018-03-28 | 2023-03-10 | 江苏豪森药业集团有限公司 | 比伐芦定晶型a及其制备方法 |
EP3560922A1 (de) * | 2018-04-24 | 2019-10-30 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung von (4s)- 4-(4-cyano-2-methoxyphenyl)-5-ethoxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridin-3-carbox-amid durch racemat-spaltung mittels diastereomerer weinsäureester |
EP3566704A1 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2019-11-13 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | The use of non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists alone or in combination for the treatment of muscular or neuromuscular diseases |
CR20220161A (es) * | 2019-10-17 | 2022-06-17 | Bayer Ag | Procedimiento para preparar ésteres aciloximetílicos del ácido (4s)–(4–ciano–2–metoxifenil)–5–etoxi–2,8–dimetil–1,4–dihidro–1,6–naftiridin–3–carboxílico |
CN115340539B (zh) | 2022-01-19 | 2024-02-27 | 奥锐特药业股份有限公司 | 制备非奈利酮及其中间体的方法 |
CN114524812A (zh) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-24 | 湖南凯铂生物药业有限公司 | 1,4-二氢-1,6-萘啶化合物的晶型制备以及合成方法 |
WO2023205164A1 (en) | 2022-04-18 | 2023-10-26 | Teva Pharmaceuticals International Gmbh | Processes for the preparation of finerenone |
WO2024075139A1 (en) * | 2022-10-06 | 2024-04-11 | Maithri Drugs Private Limited | A process for preparation of finerenone and intermediates thereof |
WO2024193455A1 (zh) * | 2023-03-17 | 2024-09-26 | 江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司 | 一种1,4-二氢-1,6-萘啶酰胺化合物的可药用盐、晶型及其制备方法 |
CN116715664A (zh) * | 2023-06-12 | 2023-09-08 | 常州制药厂有限公司 | 一种非奈利酮关键中间体的制备方法 |
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US8436180B2 (en) * | 2007-02-27 | 2013-05-07 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Substituted-4-aryl-1,4-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridinamides and use thereof |
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DE3431303A1 (de) * | 1984-08-25 | 1986-02-27 | Goedecke Ag | 1,6-naphthyridin-derivate, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung |
IL75987A (en) * | 1984-08-25 | 1991-07-18 | Goedecke Ag | Tri-and tetrasubstituted-1,4-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives,their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
DE19834044A1 (de) | 1998-07-29 | 2000-02-03 | Bayer Ag | Neue substituierte Pyrazolderivate |
DE19834047A1 (de) | 1998-07-29 | 2000-02-03 | Bayer Ag | Substituierte Pyrazolderivate |
DE19943636A1 (de) | 1999-09-13 | 2001-03-15 | Bayer Ag | Neuartige Dicarbonsäurederivate mit pharmazeutischen Eigenschaften |
DE19943635A1 (de) | 1999-09-13 | 2001-03-15 | Bayer Ag | Neuartige Aminodicarbonsäurederivate mit pharmazeutischen Eigenschaften |
DE19943639A1 (de) | 1999-09-13 | 2001-03-15 | Bayer Ag | Dicarbonsäurederivate mit neuartigen pharmazeutischen Eigenschaften |
DE19943634A1 (de) | 1999-09-13 | 2001-04-12 | Bayer Ag | Neuartige Dicarbonsäurederivate mit pharmazeutischen Eigenschaften |
AR031176A1 (es) | 2000-11-22 | 2003-09-10 | Bayer Ag | Nuevos derivados de pirazolpiridina sustituidos con piridina |
DE10110750A1 (de) | 2001-03-07 | 2002-09-12 | Bayer Ag | Neuartige Aminodicarbonsäurederivate mit pharmazeutischen Eigenschaften |
DE10110749A1 (de) | 2001-03-07 | 2002-09-12 | Bayer Ag | Substituierte Aminodicarbonsäurederivate |
DE10220570A1 (de) | 2002-05-08 | 2003-11-20 | Bayer Ag | Carbamat-substituierte Pyrazolopyridine |
US20080312209A1 (en) | 2005-07-12 | 2008-12-18 | Glaxo Group Limited | Piperazine Heteroaryl Derivatives as Gpr38 Agonists |
DE102006026583A1 (de) * | 2006-06-07 | 2007-12-13 | Bayer Healthcare Aktiengesellschaft | Aryl-substituierte hetero-bicyclische Verbindungen und ihre Verwendung |
MX369467B (es) * | 2014-08-01 | 2019-11-08 | Bayer Pharma AG | Procedimiento para la preparación de (4s)-4-(4-ciano-2-metoxifenil )-5-etoxi-2,8-dimetil-1,4-dihidro-1,6-naftiridin-3-carbox-amida y su purificación para su uso como principio activo farmacéutico. |
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