TWI767550B - Discharge Width Modulation Method for Finishing - Google Patents
Discharge Width Modulation Method for Finishing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一種精加工之放電波寬調變方法,應用於一放電加工裝置,包含以下步驟:(A)根據一預定週期輸出一放電脈波,以控制放電迴路為通路狀態或斷路狀態,定義該放電脈波中對應放電迴路為通路狀態之時間為通路時間,對應放電迴路為斷路狀態之時間為斷路時間。(B)偵測電極與工作件之一間隙電壓。(C)於該間隙電壓大於一第一閾值時,增加該放電脈波之斷路時間,並使該放電脈波之週期隨之增加。藉此,可以大幅提升放電發生於斷路時間的機率,而可以較精確的方式調整工作電流維持在較小電流範圍,以得到較佳的加工面粗度。A discharge wave width modulation method for finishing machining, applied to an electrical discharge machining device, comprising the following steps: (A) outputting a discharge pulse wave according to a predetermined period, so as to control the discharge circuit to be in an on state or an off state, and define the discharge pulse The time when the corresponding discharge circuit is in the open state in the wave is the open time, and the time when the corresponding discharge circuit is in the open state is the open time. (B) Detecting a gap voltage between the electrode and the workpiece. (C) When the gap voltage is greater than a first threshold value, increasing the disconnection time of the discharge pulse wave and increasing the period of the discharge pulse wave accordingly. In this way, the probability of the discharge occurring at the breaking time can be greatly increased, and the operating current can be adjusted in a more precise manner to maintain a smaller current range, so as to obtain a better machining surface roughness.
Description
本發明是有關於一種波寬調變方法,特別是指一種精加工之放電波寬調變方法。The present invention relates to a wave width modulation method, in particular to a finishing discharge wave width modulation method.
線切割機是利用電能產生高溫使工件局部融熔而產生預定的輪廓,一般用於進行高精度的切割加工。由於線切割機的切割原理是以高溫熔融工件,因此會產生大量的熱能,若未能及時散熱,將造成線切割機的熱變形而影響切割精度。也就是說,線切割精度對於環境溫度十分敏感。The wire cutting machine uses electric energy to generate high temperature to locally melt the workpiece to generate a predetermined outline, which is generally used for high-precision cutting processing. Since the cutting principle of the wire cutting machine is to melt the workpiece at high temperature, a large amount of heat energy will be generated. If the heat is not dissipated in time, it will cause thermal deformation of the wire cutting machine and affect the cutting accuracy. That is to say, wire cutting accuracy is very sensitive to ambient temperature.
目前現有的應用於放電精加工的線切割機,通常使用等頻率RC充放電技術進行加工,如圖1所示,其放電迴路適用於對一工作件19加工,並包括一用以供該工作件19放置的承載台11、一電極12,及串接於該承載台11與該電極12間的一電源13、一電晶體14及一限流電阻15,其中,機台與電路中之各類雜散電容16可視為同樣串接於該承載台11與該電極12間。At present, the existing wire cutting machines used in electric discharge finishing usually use equal frequency RC charging and discharging technology for processing. As shown in Figure 1, the discharge circuit is suitable for processing a
當該電晶體14導通而使該放電迴路為放電狀態時,該工作件19實際上除了接收到原放電迴路中由該電源13輸出的加工能量(放電電流
)外,還會接收到儲存於該雜散電容16的能量輸出(電容電流
),如此,會導致實際加工能量大於所設計的加工能量,並隨之產生大量熱能,造成加工的面粗度不佳。
When the
為了改善上述問題,目前的做法如下:In order to improve the above problems, the current practice is as follows:
一、提升該限流電阻15的電阻值:利用I=V/R原理,當該限流電阻15的電阻值上升時,放電電流
會相對下降。然而,由於在放電瞬間,仍然有該雜散電容16的能量釋放,在雜散電容無法有效降低的情況下,放電能量無法有效下降至期望值。
1. Increase the resistance value of the current limiting resistor 15: Using the I=V/R principle, when the resistance value of the current limiting
二、縮短放電脈波:藉由縮短放電脈波而減少該電晶體14的導通時間,進而降低放電電流
。然而,由於該電晶體14有一定的控制頻率限制,且該電晶體14導通時所輸出的能量仍會儲存於機台上各類雜散電容與放電迴路之雜散電容上,因此,在放電瞬間,仍然有該雜散電容16的能量釋放,在雜散電容無法有效降低的情況下,放電能量無法有效下降。
2. Shortening the discharge pulse wave: by shortening the discharge pulse wave, the conduction time of the
三、降低該電源13之電壓值:利用I=V/R原理,當該電源13之電壓值下降,放電電流
會相對下降,如此,可輸出較小的電流而達到更佳的面粗度。然而,當該電源13之電壓值低於一定程度,將無法達到有效去除金屬的效果。
3. Reduce the voltage value of the power supply 13: Using the I=V/R principle, when the voltage value of the
因此,本發明之目的,即在提供一種能解決上述問題的精加工之放電波寬調變方法。Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a discharge wave width modulation method for finishing machining which can solve the above problems.
於是,本發明精加工之放電波寬調變方法,應用於一放電加工裝置,該放電加工裝置適用於對一工作件加工,並包括一用以供該工作件放置的承載台、一電極、串接於該承載台與該電極間的一電源、一電晶體及一限流電阻、及一電連接該電晶體的控制模組,該承載台、該電極、該電源、該電晶體與該限流電阻形成一放電迴路,該精加工之放電波寬調變方法包含以下步驟:Therefore, the EDM method for finishing machining of the present invention is applied to an EDM device, which is suitable for machining a workpiece, and includes a support table for placing the workpiece, an electrode, A power supply, a transistor and a current limiting resistor connected in series between the carrier and the electrode, and a control module electrically connected to the transistor, the carrier, the electrode, the power supply, the transistor and the The current-limiting resistor forms a discharge loop, and the finishing method for discharging wave width modulation includes the following steps:
(A)該控制模組根據一預定週期輸出一放電脈波至該電晶體,以控制該電晶體使該放電迴路為通路狀態或斷路狀態,定義該放電脈波中對應該放電迴路為通路狀態之時間為通路時間,對應該放電迴路為斷路狀態之時間為斷路時間。(A) The control module outputs a discharge pulse to the transistor according to a predetermined period, so as to control the transistor to make the discharge circuit in the on state or in the off state, and define the discharge pulse corresponding to the discharge circuit as the on state The time is the on time, and the time when the discharge circuit is in the open state is the open time.
(B)該控制模組偵測該電極與該工作件之一間隙電壓。(B) The control module detects a gap voltage between the electrode and the workpiece.
(C)該控制模組於該間隙電壓大於一第一閾值時,增加該放電脈波之斷路時間,並使該放電脈波之週期隨之增加。(C) When the gap voltage is greater than a first threshold, the control module increases the disconnection time of the discharge pulse, and increases the period of the discharge pulse accordingly.
本發明之功效在於:藉由該控制模組偵測該間隙電壓,並於該間隙電壓大於該第一閾值時增加該放電脈波之斷路時間,可以大幅提升放電發生於斷路時間的機率,因此,可以較精確的方式調整工作電流在較小電流範圍,而得到較佳的加工面粗度。The effect of the present invention is: the control module detects the gap voltage, and increases the disconnection time of the discharge pulse when the gap voltage is greater than the first threshold value, which can greatly increase the probability of the discharge occurring at the disconnection time. Therefore, , the working current can be adjusted in a smaller current range in a more accurate way, and a better machining surface roughness can be obtained.
參閱圖2、圖3及圖4,本發明精加工之放電波寬調變方法之一實施例,運用於一放電加工裝置,該放電加工裝置適用於對一工作件9加工,並包括一用以供該工作件9放置的承載台21、一電極22、串接於該承載台21與該電極22間的一電源23、一電晶體24及一限流電阻25、及一電連接該電晶體24的控制模組26,該承載台21、該電極22、該電源23、該電晶體24與該限流電阻25形成一放電迴路。並且,機台與電路中之各類雜散電容3可視為同樣串接於該承載台21與該電極22間。Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, an embodiment of the discharge wave width modulation method for finishing machining of the present invention is applied to an electrical discharge machining device. The electrical discharge machining device is suitable for machining a workpiece 9, and includes a
其中,該控制模組26為可以輸出脈波(pulse)信號的電子電路,例如,可使用可程式陣列邏輯(Programmable Array Logic,PAL)或複雜可程式邏輯裝置(Complex Programmable Logic Device,CPLD)等電路實施。The
該精加工之放電波寬調變方法包含以下步驟:The finishing method for discharge width modulation includes the following steps:
步驟41:該控制模組26根據一預定週期
輸出一放電脈波至該電晶體24,以控制該電晶體24使該放電迴路為通路狀態或斷路狀態,定義該放電脈波中對應該放電迴路為通路狀態之時間為通路時間
、
,對應該放電迴路為斷路狀態之時間為斷路時間
、
。
Step 41: The
步驟42:該控制模組26偵測該電極22與該工作件9之一間隙電壓。Step 42 : The
步驟43;該控制模組26於該間隙電壓大於一第一閾值時,增加該放電脈波之斷路時間,並使該放電脈波之週期隨之增加。Step 43: When the gap voltage is greater than a first threshold, the
其中,該控制模組26根據一延長週期
輸出該放電脈波至該電晶體24,該延長週期
大於該預定週期
,該延長週期
之斷路時間
大於該預定週期
之斷路時間
。並且,可將該延長週期
之通路時間
實質上設計為相同於該預定週期
之通路時間
。
Among them, the
其中,該控制模組26可如圖4所示是於該間隙電壓大於該第一閾值的時間點
後的下一個該放電脈波的週期開始增加該放電脈波之斷路時間,或是可直接延長時間點
時的該放電脈波的該斷路時間。
Wherein, as shown in FIG. 4, the
步驟44:該控制模組26於該間隙電壓小於該第一閾值時,回復根據該預定週期
輸出該放電脈波。
Step 44 : When the gap voltage is less than the first threshold, the
參閱圖2、圖3及圖5,並且,本實施例較佳是還包含下列步驟:Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, and this embodiment preferably further includes the following steps:
步驟45:該控制模組26於該間隙電壓小於一第二閾值時,增加該放電脈波之通路時間
的工作週期。
Step 45: The
其中,該控制模組26可以是直接增加該放電脈波之通路時間
,並使該放電脈波之週期隨之增加,或是維持該放電脈波之週期不變,並增加該放電脈波之通路時間
以提高該放電脈波之通路時間
的工作週期(duty cycle),其實施方式可依實際需求而選擇,僅須使該放電脈波的工作週期得以提高即可。
Wherein, the
步驟46:該控制模組26於該間隙電壓大於該第二閾值時,回復根據該預定週期
之通路時間
輸出該放電脈波。
Step 46 : When the gap voltage is greater than the second threshold, the
參閱圖2及圖6,說明其原理如下:Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 6, the principle is described as follows:
當該放電脈波持續快速切換時,該間隙電壓會隨著時間逐漸累積,並於達到一定電壓且該電極22與該工作件9接近時,產生放電而對該工作件9進行切割,由於放電時間點具有隨機性,並無法精確地掌控其放電的時間點。When the discharge pulse wave continues to switch rapidly, the gap voltage will gradually accumulate with time, and when a certain voltage is reached and the electrode 22 is close to the workpiece 9, a discharge will be generated and the workpiece 9 will be cut. The time point is random, and the time point of its discharge cannot be precisely controlled.
舉例說明,當在不同時間點 、 、 發生放電時,該工作件9會接收到不同的工作電流。其中: For example, when at different points in time , , When discharge occurs, the work piece 9 will receive different working currents. in:
; ;
; ;
在時間點
放電時,由於此時位於該放電脈波的通路時間,因此,該工作件9所接收到的工作電流除了原放電迴路中由該電源23輸出的放電電流
外,還會接收到由儲存於該雜散電容3之電荷所輸出的電容電流
。在時間點
放電時,由於此時位於該放電脈波的斷路時間,因此,該工作件9所接收到的工作電流只有該雜散電容3所輸出的電容電流
,是以,此時的工作電流會較時間點
時的工作電流小。在時間點
放電時,由於此時同樣位於該放電脈波的斷路時間,因此,該工作件9所接收到的工作電流只有該雜散電容3所輸出的電容電流
,並且,因為此時距離通路時間的結束點較久(即,斷路狀態的持續時間較久),該雜散電容3所累積的電荷會略有流失,是以,此時的工作電流會再較時間點
時的工作電流小。
at the point in time During discharge, since it is in the passage time of the discharge pulse at this time, the working current received by the workpiece 9 is in addition to the discharge current output by the
由於過大的電流會導致加工的面粗度不佳,因此,在斷路時間產生放電時,所產生的較小電流可以達到較佳的放電加工面粗度,而當放電時間點更遠離通路時間的結束點時,由於該雜散電容3所儲存的電荷會隨時間而逐步下降,因此,可以進一步降低電流,而達到更佳的加工面粗度。Excessive current will lead to poor surface roughness. Therefore, when the discharge is generated during the off-time, the smaller current generated can achieve the better surface roughness of EDM. When the discharge time point is farther from the on-time At the end point, since the charge stored in the stray capacitor 3 will gradually decrease with time, the current can be further reduced to achieve better machining surface roughness.
參閱圖2、圖3及圖4,圖4即為上述步驟41~44之實施波形圖,於時間點
之前,該控制模組26根據該預定週期
輸出該放電脈波,於時間點
之後,由於該間隙電壓大於該第一閾值,該控制模組26根據該延長週期
輸出該放電脈波,使該斷路時間
延長而提升放電時間點是發生在斷路時間
的機率。
Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, FIG. 4 is the waveform diagram of the implementation of the above steps 41-44, at the time point Before, the
於時間點
,產生放電,此時放電產生的工作電流會是由該雜散電容3所輸出的電容電流
,電流較小而具有較佳的加工面粗度。並且,此時由於放電使該間隙電壓小於該第一閾值,因此,該控制模組26回復根據該預定週期
輸出該放電脈波。
at the point in time , a discharge occurs, and the working current generated by the discharge will be the capacitive current output by the stray capacitor 3 , the current is smaller and has better surface roughness. And, at this time, the gap voltage is smaller than the first threshold due to the discharge, therefore, the
於時間點
,該間隙電壓再次大於該第一閾值,該控制模組26再次根據該延長週期
延長斷路時間
。
at the point in time , the gap voltage is again greater than the first threshold, the
如此,藉由在該間隙電壓符合所需的電壓值後將斷路時間 延長,可以大幅提升放電發生於斷路時間的機率,因此,可以使工作電流維持在較小電流範圍,而得到較佳的加工面粗度。 In this way, by reducing the breaking time after the gap voltage meets the desired voltage value The extension can greatly increase the probability of the discharge occurring during the disconnection time, therefore, the working current can be maintained in a small current range, and a better machining surface roughness can be obtained.
參閱圖2、圖3及圖5,圖5為上述步驟41~46之實施波形圖,其中,圖5中以該第一閾值相同於該第二閾值作為說明,但使用者可依實際需求而設計不同的該第一閾值與該第二閾值,並不以此為限。Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of the implementation of the above steps 41 to 46. In FIG. 5, the first threshold is the same as the second threshold for illustration, but the user can change it according to actual needs. Different designs of the first threshold and the second threshold are not limited thereto.
於初始設定時,該控制模組26根據該預定週期
輸出該放電脈波,於時間點
前,該控制模組26偵測到該間隙電壓小於該第二閾值,即延長當下之該放電脈波的通路時間
,而使通路時間
之工作週期提升,藉此,使該間隙電壓可以加速提升到達放電所需的電壓區間,以增加放電加工效率。
In the initial setting, the
於時間點
時,該間隙電壓大於該第一閾值與該第二閾值,該控制模組26於下一個週期的放電脈波,回復該預定週期
之通路時間
,並根據該延長週期
輸出斷路時間
,以停止加速提升間隙電壓,並提升放電時間點是發生在斷路時間
的機率。
at the point in time When the gap voltage is greater than the first threshold and the second threshold, the
於時間點
,產生放電,此時放電產生的工作電流會是由該雜散電容3所輸出的電容電流
,電流較小而具有較佳的加工面粗度。並且,此時由於放電使該間隙電壓小於該第一閾值及該第二閾值,因此,該控制模組26回復根據該預定週期
輸出該放電脈波,並延長該放電脈波之通路時間
。
at the point in time , a discharge occurs, and the working current generated by the discharge will be the capacitive current output by the stray capacitor 3 , the current is smaller and has better surface roughness. Moreover, at this time, the gap voltage is smaller than the first threshold value and the second threshold value due to the discharge, so the
於時間點
,該間隙電壓再次大於該第一閾值與該第二閾值,該控制模組26於下一個週期的放電脈波,再次回復該預定週期
之通路時間
,並根據該延長週期
延長斷路時間
。
at the point in time , the gap voltage is again greater than the first threshold value and the second threshold value, the
如此,藉由搭配在該間隙電壓小於該第二閾值時將通路時間 延長,可以加速該間隙電壓累積的速度,減少該間隙電壓到達放電所需的電壓區間之時間,故還能增加放電加工效率。 Thus, by matching the on-time when the gap voltage is less than the second threshold The extension can accelerate the accumulation speed of the gap voltage and reduce the time for the gap voltage to reach the voltage interval required for discharge, so it can also increase the efficiency of electrical discharge machining.
經由以上的說明,本實施例的功效如下:Through the above description, the effect of this embodiment is as follows:
一、藉由該控制模組26偵測該間隙電壓,並於該間隙電壓大於該第一閾值時增加該放電脈波之斷路時間
,可以大幅提升放電發生於斷路時間
的機率,而可以較精確的方式調整工作電流維持在較小電流範圍,以得到較佳的加工面粗度。
1. Detect the gap voltage by the
二、藉由設計該控制模組26於該間隙電壓小於該第一閾值時,回復根據該預定週期
輸出該放電脈波,可以於放電結束後,藉由回復原本之工作週期而儘快累積該間隙電壓之電壓值,而能維持加工效率。
2. By designing the
三、藉由該控制模組26於該間隙電壓小於該第二閾值時增加該放電脈波之通路時間
的工作週期,可以加速該間隙電壓累積的速度,減少該間隙電壓到達放電所需的電壓區間之時間,故還能增加放電加工效率。
3. Increase the passage time of the discharge pulse by the
四、藉由該控制模組26於該間隙電壓大於該第二閾值時,回復根據該預定週期
之通路時間
輸出該放電脈波,可以在該間隙電壓符合需求後即停止加速累積該間隙電壓,避免增加放電發生於通路時間
的機率,以減少工作電流增大的可能性,而能維持加工精度的品質。
4. By the
綜上所述,本發明精加工之放電波寬調變方法,確實能達成本發明的目的。To sum up, the discharge wave width modulation method for finishing of the present invention can indeed achieve the purpose of the present invention.
惟以上所述者,僅為本發明之實施例而已,當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍,凡是依本發明申請專利範圍及專利說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾,皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。However, the above are only examples of the present invention, and should not limit the scope of the present invention. Any simple equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the application for patent of the present invention and the content of the patent specification are still within the scope of the present invention. within the scope of the invention patent.
21:承載台 22:電極 23:電源 24:電晶體 25:限流電阻 26:控制模組 3:雜散電容 41~46:步驟 9:工作件 :預定週期 :延長週期 , , :時間點 , :通路時間 , :斷路時間 , , :放電時間點 :放電電流 :電容電流21: Bearing platform 22: Electrode 23: Power supply 24: Transistor 25: Current limiting resistor 26: Control module 3: Stray capacitance 41~46: Step 9: Workpiece : Scheduled period : Extend the cycle , , : time point , : Pass time , : disconnection time , , : Discharge time point :Discharge current : capacitor current
本發明之其他的特徵及功效,將於參照圖式的實施方式中清楚地呈現,其中: 圖1是習知一種放電精加工的放電迴路的一電路示意圖; 圖2是本發明精加工之放電波寬調變方法的一實施例所應用的一放電加工裝置的一電路示意圖; 圖3是本實施例的一流程圖; 圖4、圖5為波形示意圖,說明本實施例的一間隙電壓與不同變化的一放電脈波;及 圖6是本實施例的一波形示意圖,說明一工作電流根據該間隙電壓與該放電脈波之變化。 Other features and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the embodiments with reference to the drawings, wherein: 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a conventional discharge circuit for electric discharge finishing; 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an electrical discharge machining apparatus to which an embodiment of the discharge wave width modulation method for finishing of the present invention is applied; Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the present embodiment; FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are waveform diagrams illustrating a gap voltage and a discharge pulse wave with different changes in this embodiment; and FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a waveform of the present embodiment, illustrating a change of a working current according to the gap voltage and the discharge pulse wave.
41~46:步驟 41~46: Steps
Claims (8)
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