TWI638918B - Fibers and other constructs treated with diatomite particles - Google Patents
Fibers and other constructs treated with diatomite particles Download PDFInfo
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- TWI638918B TWI638918B TW104127867A TW104127867A TWI638918B TW I638918 B TWI638918 B TW I638918B TW 104127867 A TW104127867 A TW 104127867A TW 104127867 A TW104127867 A TW 104127867A TW I638918 B TWI638918 B TW I638918B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/18—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by means of rotating spinnerets
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
- D04B1/16—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials synthetic threads
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
- D06M23/08—Processes in which the treating agent is applied in powder or granular form
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/10—Repellency against liquids
- D06M2200/12—Hydrophobic properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/50—Modified hand or grip properties; Softening compositions
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/02—Moisture-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/021—Moisture-responsive characteristics hydrophobic
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/01—Surface features
- D10B2403/011—Dissimilar front and back faces
- D10B2403/0112—One smooth surface, e.g. laminated or coated
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
- D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments
- D10B2501/041—Gloves
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
- D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments
- D10B2501/043—Footwear
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
- Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
本發明係關於由矽藻土化纖維、長絲、紗、編織與非編織織物、纖維類膜、墊及隔膜組成之構築體;由前述各者製成之其他構築體及成品。本發明主題尤其關於服裝產品及模製鞋類外底及其他模製或織物類產品,其中嵌入構築體表面之複數個矽藻土粒子賦予所要功能,諸如水分管理、氣味控制、或牽引或握力增強、拒水性與拒污垢性及耐磨性。 The present invention relates to a structure composed of diatomaceous earth fibers, filaments, yarns, woven and non-woven fabrics, fiber-based films, mats, and separators; and other structures and finished products made of the foregoing. The subject matter of the present invention is particularly directed to apparel products and molded footwear outsole and other molded or fabric-like products in which a plurality of diatomaceous earth particles embedded in the surface of the construct impart desired functions such as moisture management, odor control, or traction or grip strength. Enhanced, water repellency and soil repellency and abrasion resistance.
Description
本申請案主張2014年8月29日申請的美國臨時申請案第62/043,911號之權益及優先權,出於所有目的其內容以引用的方式併入本文中,如同以全文敍述一般。 This application claims the benefit of priority to US Provisional Application No. 62/043, 911, filed on Aug.
在某些態樣中,本發明主題一般關於纖維、紗及織物類產品之水分管理。其尤其關於水分吸收及塗覆至纖維、紗或織物以增強水分耗散或自嵌入粒子的基底材料之表面轉移走水分之傳輸粒子。本發明主題尤其關於併入矽藻土(diatomaceous earth)(亦稱為「矽藻土(diatomite)」)粒子之纖維、紗及織物類產品,諸如面料、服裝、帳篷、室內裝飾等。在其他態樣中,本發明主題係關於在表面嵌入矽藻土之其他物品,例如併入矽藻土粒子之鞋類外底,及手套。 In some aspects, the subject matter of the present invention is generally directed to moisture management of fibers, yarns, and fabric products. It relates in particular to moisture absorbing and transporting particles which are applied to fibers, yarns or fabrics to enhance moisture dissipation or to transfer moisture from the surface of the substrate material in which the particles are embedded. The subject matter of the present invention is particularly directed to fibers, yarns, and fabrics, such as fabrics, garments, tents, upholstery, and the like, incorporating diatomaceous earth (also known as "diatomite") particles. In other aspects, the subject matter of the present invention pertains to other articles embedded in diatomaceous earth on the surface, such as a footwear outsole incorporating diatomaceous earth particles, and a glove.
在纖維與織物行業中,需要提供所要效能屬性之經改良、工程改造之產品及組件。水分與熱管理為此類屬性之一。舉例而言,在運動與戶外服裝行業中,存在各種已知之基層與中層系統幫助傳輸使用者之皮 膚水分及蒸發水分。一些已知解決方案係基於在纖維與織物之表面併入來源於生物材料(諸如椰子與咖啡廢渣)之含碳粒子。經生物類粒子處理之纖維已用於例如護套、基層、帽子及手套之自防水、可透氣層壓物至針織物之所有各者中。織物纖維中所用之多孔生物類粒子與使用者之身體一起工作以藉由加速水分移除及改進乾燥時間來調節溫度。 In the fiber and fabric industry, there is a need to provide improved, engineered products and components of the desired performance attributes. Moisture and heat management is one of these attributes. For example, in the sports and outdoor apparel industry, there are various known base and middle systems to help transport the skin of users. Skin moisture and evaporation of water. Some known solutions are based on the incorporation of carbonaceous particles derived from biological materials such as coconut and coffee waste on the surface of fibers and fabrics. Bioparticle-treated fibers have been used in, for example, jackets, substrates, self-waterproofing of hats and gloves, breathable laminates, and knits. The porous bio-particles used in the fabric fibers work with the user's body to adjust the temperature by accelerating moisture removal and improving drying time.
儘管基於生物類粒子之技術之優點,仍不斷需要次世代之較佳執行技術,及更容易在製造中使用、較低成本、易於來源於多種地理位置且更為環境友好之技術,且其解決可適用行業及最終使用者之其他需求。 Despite the advantages of bio-particle-based technology, there is a constant need for better performing technologies for the next generation, and easier to use in manufacturing, lower cost, easy to derive from multiple geographic locations and more environmentally friendly technologies, and their solutions Applicable to other needs of the industry and end users.
含碳生物類材料之缺點之一為其來自有限或地理上分散之來源。舉例而言,椰子衍生之材料必須來自分散的椰子生長區,亦導致可用性降低或運輸成本增加。衍生自生物材料之含碳材料為相對軟的且在侵襲性條件下易受磨損。舉例而言,其不適合在高磨損條件下使用,諸如在鞋類外底應用或工作或運動手套應用中。先前技術材料為含碳生物材料可能不為足夠惰性在預期應用中易於處理或加工。對於前述原因及熟習此項技術者根據本文中之教示及以其他方式將顯而易知之其他原因,纖維、織物及服裝及鞋類行業以及本文中涵蓋之其他行業仍強烈需要改良之效能增強粒子技術。 One of the disadvantages of carbonaceous biomaterials is that they come from sources that are limited or geographically dispersed. For example, coconut derived materials must come from a dispersed coconut growth zone, which also results in reduced availability or increased transportation costs. Carbonaceous materials derived from biological materials are relatively soft and susceptible to abrasion under aggressive conditions. For example, it is not suitable for use under high wear conditions, such as in footwear outsole applications or work or sports glove applications. Prior art materials that are carbonaceous biomaterials may not be sufficiently inert to be easily handled or processed in the intended application. For the foregoing reasons and other reasons familiar to those skilled in the art based on the teachings herein and otherwise readily apparent, there is still a strong need for improved performance enhancing particles in the fiber, fabric and apparel and footwear industries, as well as in other industries covered herein. technology.
本發明主題解決前述與其他需求,且一般關於由矽藻土化纖維、長絲、紗、編織與非編織織物、纖維類膜、墊、隔膜組成之構築體及由前述各者製成之其他構築體及成品,如本文中更詳細涵蓋。本發明主題尤其關於服裝產品及模製之天然或合成橡膠鞋類外底及其他模製或織物類 產品,其中嵌入構築體表面之複數個矽藻土粒子賦予所要功能,諸如水分管理、氣味控制、或牽引或握力增強、拒水性與拒污垢性及耐磨性。 The subject matter of the present invention addresses the foregoing and other needs, and generally relates to structures composed of diatomaceous earth fibers, filaments, yarns, woven and non-woven fabrics, fiber-like films, mats, separators, and others made from the foregoing Constructs and finished products, as covered in more detail herein. The subject matter of the present invention relates in particular to apparel products and molded natural or synthetic rubber outsole and other molded or fabric types. A product in which a plurality of diatomaceous earth particles embedded in the surface of the structure impart desired functions such as moisture management, odor control, or traction or grip strength, water repellency and soil repellency, and abrasion resistance.
矽藻土粒子有利地為輕量而不龐大。其可與基礎熱塑性材料融合形成耐用、耐磨且耐洗滌構築體。 The diatomaceous earth particles are advantageously lightweight and not bulky. It can be blended with a base thermoplastic to form a durable, abrasion resistant and wash resistant structure.
當用於服裝物件中時,表面嵌入之矽藻土粒子之吸附與芯吸能力使使用者能在廣泛範圍之氣候條件及環境下保持乾燥且更舒適。本發明主題可用於廣泛範圍之服裝產品,包括(但不限於)用於跑步、雪上運動、攀爬及遠足應用之基層及中層。每當需要水分管理時,其亦可用於內衣、跑步短褲、騎自行車運動衫、高爾夫襯衫等。 When used in clothing articles, the adsorption and wicking capabilities of the surface-embedded diatomaceous earth particles allow the user to remain dry and more comfortable over a wide range of climatic conditions and environments. The subject matter of the present invention can be used in a wide range of apparel products including, but not limited to, the base and middle layers for running, snow sports, climbing and hiking applications. It can also be used in underwear, running shorts, cycling jerseys, golf shirts, etc. whenever water management is required.
其他優點包括粒子為可自多種來源(包括海洋、湖泊及陸地來源)獲得之天然產物。其為買得起、穩定且惰性的。其易於在製造中處理。且其可經化學改質以提供特殊功能。 Other advantages include the fact that the particles are natural products that are available from a variety of sources, including marine, lake, and terrestrial sources. It is affordable, stable and inert. It is easy to handle in manufacturing. And it can be chemically modified to provide special functions.
前述內容不意欲為本發明主題之具體實例及特徵之詳盡清單。熟習此項技術者能夠根據以下實施方式結合圖式瞭解其他具體實例及特徵。以下實施方式及各圖中更詳細描述此等與其他具體實例。以下為本發明主題下之各種本發明字句之描述。如此文獻中最初提交或如隨後修正之隨附申請專利範圍在此併入此發明內容部分中,如同直接寫入一般。 The foregoing is not intended to be an exhaustive list of specific examples and features of the subject matter. Those skilled in the art can understand other specific examples and features in light of the following embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. These and other specific examples are described in more detail in the following embodiments and figures. The following is a description of various words of the present invention under the subject matter of the present invention. The scope of the accompanying claims, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety in its entirety, in its entirety, in its entirety, in the extent that it is incorporated herein by reference.
D‧‧‧矽藻土粒子 D‧‧‧ diatomaceous earth particles
1‧‧‧長絲 1‧‧‧ filament
2‧‧‧紗 2‧‧ ‧ yarn
3‧‧‧紗 3‧‧ ‧ yarn
4‧‧‧膜 4‧‧‧ film
10‧‧‧構築體 10‧‧‧Buildings
12‧‧‧矽藻土化層 12‧‧‧The algae layer
14‧‧‧層 14 ‧ ‧ layer
16‧‧‧層 16 ‧ ‧ layer
18‧‧‧上身服裝物件 18‧‧‧Upper body items
20‧‧‧下身服裝物件 20‧‧‧ Lower body clothing items
27‧‧‧3D物件 27‧‧‧3D objects
28‧‧‧3D物件 28‧‧‧3D objects
90‧‧‧構築體 90‧‧‧Buildings
100‧‧‧構築體 100‧‧‧Buildings
200‧‧‧構築體 200‧‧‧Buildings
210‧‧‧系統 210‧‧‧ system
212‧‧‧紡絲頭 212‧‧‧ Spinning head
214‧‧‧儲集器 214‧‧‧Reservoir
215‧‧‧射流 215‧‧‧jet
216‧‧‧埠/孔 216‧‧‧埠/hole
218‧‧‧收集器 218‧‧‧ Collector
220‧‧‧薄片或墊 220‧‧‧Sheet or mat
222‧‧‧羽絨 222‧‧‧ Down
300‧‧‧通用鞋 300‧‧‧Universal shoes
310‧‧‧鞋底單元 310‧‧‧Sole unit
312‧‧‧鞋面 312‧‧ ‧ upper
314‧‧‧前腳部分 314‧‧‧Front part
316‧‧‧後腳部分 316‧‧‧Foot part
318‧‧‧收集器 318‧‧‧ Collector
400‧‧‧手套 400‧‧‧ gloves
410‧‧‧抓握區域 410‧‧‧Scratch area
除非指出為展示先前技術,否則隨附各圖展示根據本發明主題之具體實例。 The accompanying drawings show specific examples in accordance with the inventive subject matter, unless otherwise indicated.
圖1-2展示矽藻為一種類型之淡水藻或海藻。 Figure 1-2 shows that algae is a type of freshwater algae or algae.
圖3-22展示據本發明主題之代表性具體實例,其中相同或 一般類似特徵共用共同參考數字。 Figures 3-22 show representative specific examples of the subject matter of the present invention, wherein the same or Generally similar features share a common reference number.
圖23展示在嵌入或以其他方式塗覆至基材表面之疏水性矽藻土粒子之表面上冒出水珠。 Figure 23 shows the appearance of water droplets on the surface of hydrophobic diatomaceous earth particles embedded or otherwise applied to the surface of the substrate.
概述 Overview
再次參考圖1至圖2,矽藻為一種類型之淡水藻或海藻。矽藻之細胞壁,已知為「矽藻殼」,由乳白色二氧化矽(SiO2)製成且具有多孔結構。少量鉀、鐵、鈣、鎂、磷酸鹽、鈉、鈦及其他元素亦可包括於矽藻土中。 Referring again to Figures 1 through 2, the algae are one type of freshwater algae or seaweed. The cell wall of the algae, known as "the algae shell", is made of milky white ceria (SiO 2 ) and has a porous structure. A small amount of potassium, iron, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, sodium, titanium and other elements may also be included in the diatomaceous earth.
大量矽藻殼可見於一些海洋與湖泊沈積物中且可自其開採。矽藻土已長期在商業上用作過濾器、礦物填料、機械殺蟲劑、絕緣材料、抗結塊試劑、精細研磨劑及其他用途。矽藻土一般被視為無毒且惰性的。 A large number of algae shells can be found in some marine and lake sediments and can be mined from them. Diatomaceous earth has long been used commercially as a filter, mineral filler, mechanical insecticide, insulating material, anti-caking agent, fine abrasive and other uses. Diatomaceous earth is generally considered to be non-toxic and inert.
根據本發明主題之代表性具體實例展示於圖3至圖22中,其中相同或一般類似特徵共用共同參考數字。 Representative specific examples in accordance with the subject matter of the present invention are shown in Figures 3 through 22, wherein like or generally similar features share common reference numerals.
本發明主題一般關於由矽藻土化纖維、長絲、紗、編織與非編織織物、纖維類膜、墊及隔膜組成之構築體,及由前述各者製成之成品,尤其服裝與鞋類產品,其中嵌入或以其他方式塗覆至構築體表面之複數個矽藻土粒子賦予所要功能,諸如水分管理(吸收及傳輸)、熱管理(蒸發冷卻)、氣味控制、牽引或握力增強、耐磨性或拒水性(在製得之粒子為疏水性之情況下)。如本文所用,「矽藻土化」構築體為經嵌入構築體表面或塗佈或以其他方式沈積於構築體表面上之矽藻土粒子處理之構築體。 The subject matter of the present invention generally relates to a structure composed of diatomaceous earth fibers, filaments, yarns, woven and non-woven fabrics, fibrous films, mats and separators, and finished products made of the foregoing, especially garments and footwear. A product in which a plurality of diatomaceous earth particles embedded or otherwise applied to the surface of the structure impart desired functions such as moisture management (absorption and transport), thermal management (evaporative cooling), odour control, traction or grip strength, resistance Abrasive or water repellency (in the case where the prepared particles are hydrophobic). As used herein, a "diatomite" construct is a structure treated with diatomaceous earth particles that are embedded on the surface of the construct or coated or otherwise deposited on the surface of the construct.
表面可為基底材料之外部表面及/或內部表面之一些或所有。表面可為纖維之一般外部圓柱形表面。在一些具體實例中,纖維可為中空的,在該情況下表面可包括纖維之內部表面。在其他情況下,構築體可為織物,在該情況下表面可為織物之一個側或兩個側。在其他情況下,構築體可為墊、膜或網狀物,在該情況下表面可為構築體之任何一個或多個外部側表面或構築體內由纖維表面之空隙、孔隙組成之表面。 The surface can be some or all of the outer and/or inner surface of the substrate material. The surface can be a generally outer cylindrical surface of the fiber. In some embodiments, the fibers can be hollow, in which case the surface can include the interior surface of the fibers. In other cases, the construct can be a fabric, in which case the surface can be one side or both sides of the fabric. In other cases, the construct may be a mat, membrane or mesh, in which case the surface may be any one or more exterior side surfaces of the construct or a surface comprised of voids or pores in the body of the fiber.
矽藻土化纖維 Diatomaceous earth fiber
在某些態樣中,本發明主題係關於具有多種嵌入之矽藻土粒子之纖維。該等粒子一般在一個或多個纖維表面上或以所需間距均勻暴露。纖維以散裝收集,或其可收集於線軸上且可紡絲成紗用作單絲,或收集至墊、膜或隔膜中形成非編織物品。 In some aspects, the subject matter of the present invention is directed to fibers having a plurality of embedded diatomaceous earth particles. The particles are generally uniformly exposed on one or more of the fiber surfaces or at a desired spacing. The fibers are collected in bulk, or they can be collected on a spool and spun into yarns for use as a monofilament or collected into a mat, film or membrane to form a non-woven article.
在其他態樣中,本發明主題係關於織物及其他纖維類構築體,其使用矽藻土化紗、單絲及/或複絲來形成針織或編織織物或其他纖維類構築體。該等織物可與其他織物組合形成複合織物,例如單層單元之層壓物。織物可隨後形成為各種最終產品,諸如服裝產品或鞋類產品。 In other aspects, the subject matter of the present invention relates to fabrics and other fibrous structures that use diatomaceous earth yarns, monofilaments, and/or multifilaments to form knitted or woven fabrics or other fibrous structures. The fabrics can be combined with other fabrics to form a composite fabric, such as a laminate of single layer units. The fabric can then be formed into a variety of end products, such as apparel products or footwear.
在另一態樣中,本發明主題係關於製成併入矽藻土粒子之纖維之方法。舉例而言,將粒子添加至聚合物熔體之原料中且分散至熔體中。隨後使用各種已知纖維成型技術(包括自旋熔融、擠壓、吹塑熔融、電紡絲、壓力紡絲)及基於在壓力下自微型孔排出聚合物熔體流之其他技術中之任一者使熔融組成物形成為纖維。另一可能性為使用例如粒子分散於黏合劑中之噴墨類型印刷系統將粒子印刷至基底材料上。此方法之一優點為能夠在基材上產生所選模式。 In another aspect, the subject matter of the present invention is directed to a method of making fibers incorporating diatomaceous earth particles. For example, particles are added to the feedstock of the polymer melt and dispersed into the melt. Subsequent use of various known fiber forming techniques (including spin melting, extrusion, blow molding, electrospinning, pressure spinning) and other techniques based on discharging polymer melt streams from micropores under pressure The molten composition is formed into fibers. Another possibility is to print the particles onto the substrate material using an inkjet type printing system in which, for example, the particles are dispersed in a binder. One of the advantages of this method is the ability to create a selected pattern on the substrate.
在又其他應用中,矽藻土粒子可噴至基材,類似於防滑表面(例如,船甲板)如何塗佈有砂或砂狀粒子。在仍其他應用中,矽藻土粒子可以薄層塗佈於基材上作為PU膜、熱塑性膜或橡膠(天然或合成)膜。如下文所論述,電漿處理可用於將粒子固定於纖維上。粒子可添加於電漿饋料單體溶液中且經由電漿固定至面料上。或粒子可塗覆有預電漿,且面料或橡膠材料可隨後置放至電漿中,其中電漿使載體單體聚合且將矽藻土粒子固定至聚合物中及基材表面上。圖1展示代表性矽藻土粉末。圖2展示代表性矽藻土粒子D,亦即矽藻之矽藻殼。矽藻殼出現組態之多樣性,各具有孔或孔隙之多樣性。孔或孔隙通常具有三種不同大小,範圍為幾微米直徑降至次微米直徑。孔之數目與大小隨矽藻物種而變化。矽藻土之不同特性係基於天然二氧化矽組成物、矽藻殼粒子之整體結構與結構中孔之網路的組合。矽藻土之一些特性如下:高孔隙率:85%矽藻土粒子由互連孔隙組成。矽藻土粒子比矽藻幾乎更通風。 In still other applications, the diatomaceous earth particles can be sprayed onto the substrate, similar to how a non-slip surface (eg, a ship's deck) is coated with sand or sand particles. In still other applications, the diatomaceous earth particles can be applied to the substrate as a PU film, a thermoplastic film or a rubber (natural or synthetic) film in a thin layer. As discussed below, plasma treatment can be used to immobilize particles onto the fibers. Particles can be added to the plasma feed monomer solution and fixed to the fabric via the plasma. Or the particles may be coated with a pre-plasma, and the fabric or rubber material may then be placed into the plasma, wherein the plasma polymerizes the carrier monomer and immobilizes the diatomaceous earth particles into the polymer and onto the surface of the substrate. Figure 1 shows a representative diatomaceous earth powder. Figure 2 shows a representative diatomaceous earth particle D , i.e., a diatomaceous algae shell. The algae shells have a variety of configurations, each with a variety of pores or pores. The pores or pores typically have three different sizes ranging from a few microns to a submicron diameter. The number and size of the pores vary with the species of the algae. The different properties of the diatomaceous earth are based on the combination of the natural ceria composition, the overall structure of the algae shell particles and the network of pores in the structure. Some of the characteristics of diatomaceous earth are as follows: high porosity : 85% diatomaceous earth particles consist of interconnected pores. The diatomaceous earth particles are almost more ventilated than the diatoms.
高吸收:矽藻土粒子可吸收重量為大約100%之液體且仍維持乾燥矽藻粉末之一些特性。 High absorption : The diatomaceous earth particles can absorb a liquid having a weight of about 100% and still maintain some of the characteristics of the dried algae powder.
高的表面與粒子比:矽藻粒子以不規則形狀存在。矽藻之粒徑範圍通常在小於1微米至幾百微米內但典型地在2微米至200微米範圍內。互連通道與相同直徑之粒子相比表面積增加幾倍。此增加反應性表面積而不增加重量。壓碎矽藻之矽藻殼可產生奈米級粒徑之分級矽藻殼,其中分級矽藻殼保持提供與完整矽藻殼相同的功能之多孔網路。 High surface to particle ratio : The algae particles are present in an irregular shape. The particle size range of the algae is typically in the range of less than 1 micrometer to several hundred micrometers but typically in the range of 2 micrometers to 200 micrometers. Interconnect channels increase surface area by several times compared to particles of the same diameter. This increases the reactive surface area without increasing the weight. The algae shell that crushes the algae produces a graded algae shell of nanometer size, wherein the graded algae shell maintains a porous network that provides the same function as the intact algae shell.
吸收及除臭:此等為矽藻土之天然特徵。 Absorption and deodorization : These are the natural characteristics of diatomaceous earth.
矽藻土一般出現兩個等級:食品級(一般為淡水衍生的)及工業級(一般為鹽水衍生的且用於游泳池)。食品級具有低晶體二氧化矽(<2%)含量,而工業級正相反,其經加熱及處理具有大約60+%之晶體二氧化矽含量。晶體二氧化矽可能對呼吸及攝取不利。食品級矽藻在自牙膏至雪茄、塑膠至辣椒粉之現今的產品與製程中具有無數用途。對於池,將矽藻土加熱至結晶結構,因此池之矽藻土為工業級而非食品級。一般而言,為幫助確保人類相容性,本發明主題涵蓋FDA審批通過之食品級矽藻土相較於工業級(過濾器級)矽藻土之用途。 The diatomaceous earth generally has two grades: food grade (generally freshwater derived) and industrial grade (generally brine derived and used in swimming pools). The food grade has a low crystalline cerium oxide (<2%) content, while the industrial grade is reversed, which has a crystalline cerium oxide content of about 60+% by heating and treatment. Crystal cerium oxide may be detrimental to breathing and uptake. Food grade alfalfa has numerous uses in today's products and processes from toothpaste to cigar, plastic to paprika. For the pool, the diatomaceous earth is heated to a crystalline structure, so the pool of diatomaceous earth is industrial grade rather than food grade. In general, to help ensure human compatibility, the subject matter of the present invention encompasses the use of food grade diatomaceous earth approved by the FDA for comparison with industrial grade (filter grade) diatomaceous earth.
在某些態樣中,本發明目標係關於具有含嵌入之矽藻土粒子之表面的纖維。纖維可併入織物產品中以實現改良之水分管理,例如吸收、傳輸或其他功能效果,諸如有氣味分子之吸收、增強的牽引或其他摩擦效果。舉例而言,產品可為使使用者能在廣泛範圍之氣候條件及環境下保持乾燥、更舒適之服裝產品。矽藻土粒子為輕量的且不增加明顯重量或體積。當藉由本文所揭示之方法在基材表面併入時,其為耐用且耐磨且耐洗滌的。矽藻土粒子之硬度標度較高且在產品之正常使用期間將不易磨損。 In some aspects, the present invention is directed to fibers having a surface comprising embedded diatomaceous earth particles. Fibers can be incorporated into fabric products to achieve improved moisture management, such as absorption, transport, or other functional effects, such as absorption of odorous molecules, enhanced traction, or other frictional effects. For example, the product can be a garment product that allows the user to maintain a dry, more comfortable environment over a wide range of climatic conditions and environments. The diatomaceous earth particles are lightweight and do not add significant weight or volume. When incorporated on the surface of a substrate by the methods disclosed herein, it is durable and abrasion resistant and wash resistant. The hardness scale of the diatomaceous earth particles is high and will not be easily worn during normal use of the product.
新穎矽藻土纖維構築體,其在本文中可稱為「矽藻土化纖維」(及類似表述),可藉由摻合矽藻土與纖維用原料且隨後形成纖維來形成。所得纖維將具有嵌入之矽藻土粒子,包括在纖維表面暴露之矽藻土粒子。因此,已知纖維成型方法與系統可用於形成具有部分嵌入纖維基礎材料且部分在材料表面暴露之矽藻土粒子之纖維。此導致纖維表面積增加,與粒子之多孔性質結合,促進蒸發乾燥及冷卻。 A novel diatomaceous earth fiber construct, which may be referred to herein as "diatomite fiber" (and similar expressions), may be formed by blending diatomaceous earth with a fiber raw material and subsequently forming a fiber. The resulting fibers will have embedded diatomaceous earth particles, including diatomaceous earth particles exposed on the surface of the fibers. Thus, it is known that fiber forming methods and systems can be used to form fibers having diatomaceous earth particles partially embedded in the fibrous base material and partially exposed on the surface of the material. This results in an increase in the surface area of the fiber, combined with the porous nature of the particles, promoting evaporative drying and cooling.
如本文所用,術語「纖維」與「長絲」可互換使用。術語「長 絲(filament)」一般可指具有高縱橫比之纖維,例如可纏繞所需物件之具有相對較長或連續長度之纖維。此外,合成纖維一般以長的連續長絲形式產生。相比之下,「切斷纖維(staple fiber)」通常指天然纖維,其往往相對較短,因為此為其典型地如何生長之方式。長合成長絲可切成短切斷纖維。總之,長絲為纖維,但纖維可呈不同長度(切斷或長或連續)。長絲一般亦意謂細股線材料且涵蓋紗、線、纖維、電線、電纜及可用於產生針織、編織與非編織織物之類似細股線結構。長絲1,如圖3中可見,可呈單絲或複絲構築體2形式,例如紗,經配置以充當單股線材料,如圖4中可見。 As used herein, the terms "fiber" and "filament" are used interchangeably. The term "long "Filem" generally refers to fibers having a high aspect ratio, such as fibers having relatively long or continuous lengths that can be wrapped around a desired article. In addition, synthetic fibers are typically produced in the form of long continuous filaments. In contrast, "staple fiber" generally refers to natural fibers, which tend to be relatively short, as this is how it typically grows. Long synthetic filaments can be cut into short staple fibers. In summary, the filaments are fibers, but the fibers can be of different lengths (cut or long or continuous). Filament generally also means a thin strand of material and encompasses yarns, threads, fibers, wires, cables, and similar fine strand structures that can be used to create knitted, woven, and non-woven fabrics. Filament 1, as seen in Figure 3, may be in the form of a monofilament or multifilament construct 2, such as a yarn, configured to act as a single strand material, as seen in Figure 4.
如本文結合纖維或長絲尺寸所用,「直徑(diameter)」意謂圓形截面之直徑,嚴格意義上為詞語「直徑」,且對於具有非圓形截面(例如,橢圓形及多邊形)之長絲,直徑意謂非圓形長絲具有對應於給出相同截面積之圓形截面的截面積。在長絲不具有沿長度之均勻直徑或截面積之情況下,可使用長絲長度之平均值。(平均值亦可用於與本說明書有關之其他非均勻結構或材料參數)。 As used herein in connection with fiber or filament size, "diameter" means the diameter of a circular cross section, strictly speaking the word "diameter" and for the length of a non-circular cross section (eg, elliptical and polygonal). Wire, diameter means that the non-circular filaments have a cross-sectional area corresponding to a circular section giving the same cross-sectional area. In the case where the filament does not have a uniform diameter or cross-sectional area along the length, the average of the filament lengths can be used. (The average value can also be used for other non-uniform structures or material parameters related to this specification).
使用本發明主題之方法及器件形成之聚合纖維可具有基於至少100、500、1000、5000或相對於前述纖維直徑更高之縱橫比的一系列長度。在一個具體實例中,聚合纖維之長度至少部分依賴於器件旋轉或振盪之時間長度及/或饋入系統中之聚合物的量。舉例而言,咸信聚合纖維可形成為具有至少0.5微米之長度,包括在約0.5微米至10公尺或更大範圍內之長度。另外,可使用任何適合之儀器大小將聚合纖維切成所要長度,且所述長度之中間範圍亦為本發明主題之一部分。 The polymeric fibers formed using the methods and devices of the present subject matter can have a range of lengths based on at least 100, 500, 1000, 5000 or a higher aspect ratio relative to the aforementioned fiber diameter. In one embodiment, the length of the polymeric fibers depends, at least in part, on the length of time during which the device is rotated or oscillated and/or the amount of polymer fed into the system. For example, the salty polymeric fibers can be formed to have a length of at least 0.5 microns, including lengths ranging from about 0.5 microns to 10 meters or more. In addition, the polymeric fibers can be cut to the desired length using any suitable instrument size, and the intermediate range of lengths is also part of the subject matter of the present invention.
本發明主題不限於任何特定大小之纖維、長絲或紗。對於在 織物、鞋類及戶外設備領域中之應用,此類材料典型地將具有丹尼爾為50-300D或大約值之長絲或紗。此類應用之一些適合紗或其他複絲組態可包括(但不限於)100丹尼爾與144長絲;75丹尼爾紗與72長絲;50丹尼爾與48長絲;及50丹尼爾與36長絲。具有所指示整體丹尼爾之單絲亦可適用於各種應用。丹尼爾/長絲數目之比率為0.25至2,或0.5至1.5,0.75至約1.25,或1.0,或大約為前述範圍中之任一者,咸信藉由最佳化針對其他紗參數(諸如紗之強度、耐用性及可加工性)之表面積來促進水分與熱管理。一般咸信丹尼爾/長絲比率愈接近1,芯吸效能及水分管理將愈佳,尤其對由微纖維形成之紗而言。 The subject matter of the present invention is not limited to any particular size of fiber, filament or yarn. For For applications in the field of fabrics, footwear, and outdoor equipment, such materials will typically have filaments or yarns having a denier of 50-300 D or an approximate value. Some suitable yarn or other multifilament configurations for such applications may include, but are not limited to, 100 denier and 144 filaments; 75 denier yarns and 72 filaments; 50 denier and 48 filaments; and 50 denier and 36 filaments. Monofilaments with the indicated integral denier are also suitable for a variety of applications. The ratio of the number of denier/filaments is 0.25 to 2, or 0.5 to 1.5, 0.75 to about 1.25, or 1.0, or approximately any of the foregoing ranges, which are optimized for other yarn parameters (such as yarn) Surface area for strength, durability and processability to promote moisture and heat management. The closer the salt to Daniel/filament ratio is to 1, the better the wicking performance and moisture management will be, especially for yarns formed from microfibers.
在一個例示性具體實例中,紗之適合纖維大小為約1丹尼爾(微纖維)或大約值。預期此大小之纖維具有良好芯吸能力。1丹尼爾聚酯纖維長絲具有每公尺纖維0.11mg線性質量,密度為大約1.38且直徑為大約10微米。矽藻土粒徑範圍可在奈米級至5微米之直徑範圍內(適用於纖維)。矽藻土粒子具有非均勻幾何形狀,但將經處理或研磨以通過指定大小範圍之篩子。對於1丹尼爾聚酯纖維,所添加之矽藻土粒子之下限將為以纖維重量計1%或大約值,且上限將為5%或大約值。因此,在1公尺之1丹尼爾聚酯纖維中,0.011mg/m矽藻量(以纖維重量計1%)將為每公尺纖維0.0011mg矽藻。表面上之矽藻量理想地將為100%且均勻分佈。纖維長絲之小的表面積,結合矽藻土粒子及可歸因於該等粒子之增加的表面積,導致矽藻土化纖維與水分子很好地相互作用,使纖維濕潤且促進纖維及面料之芯吸(水分移動)及乾燥。 In an exemplary embodiment, the suitable fiber size of the yarn is about 1 denier (microfiber) or an approximate value. Fibers of this size are expected to have good wicking capabilities. A denier polyester filament has a linear mass of 0.11 mg per meter of fiber, a density of about 1.38 and a diameter of about 10 microns. The diatomaceous earth particle size range can range from nanometers to 5 micrometers in diameter (for fibers). The diatomaceous earth particles have a non-uniform geometry, but will be treated or ground to pass through a sieve of a specified size range. For a 1 denier polyester fiber, the lower limit of the added diatomaceous earth particles will be 1% or about the weight of the fiber, and the upper limit will be 5% or about. Thus, in a 1 meter denier polyester fiber, 0.011 mg/m of algae (1% by weight of fiber) will be 0.0011 mg of algae per meter of fiber. The amount of algae on the surface will desirably be 100% and evenly distributed. The small surface area of the filaments, combined with the diatomaceous earth particles and the increased surface area attributable to the particles, results in a good interaction of the diatomaceous earth fibers with the water molecules, wetting the fibers and promoting the fibers and fabrics. Wicking (moisture movement) and drying.
隨著紗大小改變,例如50D/36長絲、50D/48長絲、70D/72 長絲等,長絲之直徑改變且各長絲之線性重量將改變。隨著長絲之直徑增加,重量將增加,導致每纖維重量之矽藻增加。然而,矽藻增加仍將落入每纖維重量1-5%矽藻。自然地,丹尼爾>1之長絲將具有比上文指定的矽藻更多的矽藻。 As the yarn size changes, such as 50D/36 filament, 50D/48 filament, 70D/72 For filaments, etc., the diameter of the filaments changes and the linear weight of each filament changes. As the diameter of the filament increases, the weight will increase, resulting in an increase in the amount of algae per fiber weight. However, the increase in algae will still fall into 1-5% algae per fiber weight. Naturally, the filament of Daniel > 1 will have more algae than the algae specified above.
另外,以上描述假定圓形截面纖維。隨著纖維截面與幾何形狀改變,此可影響可用於待安置之矽藻的纖維之表面積。中空芯、圓形及芯/鞘纖維為直徑可類似但線性重量不同之實例。然而,所添加之矽藻之範圍仍將為以纖維重量計1-5%。 In addition, the above description assumes a circular cross-section fiber. As the fiber cross-section and geometry change, this can affect the surface area of the fibers that can be used for the algae to be placed. Hollow cores, circles, and core/sheath fibers are examples of similar diameters but different linear weights. However, the range of algae added will still be 1-5% by weight of the fiber.
視應用而定,矽藻土粒子可覆蓋由併入該等粒子之基礎材料製成之構築體的表面之大於0%至100%。一般而言,對於水分管理粒子,纖維表面經粒子之高覆蓋率為合乎需要的,使得粒子可在主動傳輸過程中轉移水分子。然而,粒子在纖維之基礎材料中的過高重量百分比可使纖維變脆且不穩定。咸信矽藻土粒子與熱塑性基礎材料之重量百分比等於或低於5%或大約值不實質上影響底層基礎材料之穩定性。 Depending on the application, the diatomaceous earth particles may cover from greater than 0% to 100% of the surface of the structure made from the base material incorporated into the particles. In general, for moisture management particles, high coverage of the fiber surface through the particles is desirable so that the particles can transfer water molecules during active transport. However, an excessively high weight percentage of particles in the base material of the fibers can make the fibers brittle and unstable. The weight percentage of the salty algae soil particles to the thermoplastic base material is equal to or less than 5% or about the value does not substantially affect the stability of the underlying base material.
處理與矽藻土化纖維及織物構築體 Treatment and diatomized soil fiber and fabric structure
大多數合成與纖維素製造纖維藉由迫使黏稠液體通過器件之微型孔(稱為紡絲頭)以形成半固體聚合物之連續長絲來產生。在其初始狀態下,纖維成型聚合物典型地為固體且因此必須首先轉化成流體狀態以用於擠壓。若聚合物為熱塑性合成物,則此通常藉由熔融實現,或若其為非熱塑性纖維素製品,則藉由將其溶解於適合溶劑中實現。若其不能直接溶解或熔融,則其必須經化學處理以形成可溶性或熱塑性衍生物。已針對由不熔融、溶解或形成適當衍生物之聚合物製成之一些專用纖維開發近 期技術。對於此等材料,在擠壓製程期間使小流體分子混合且反應形成以其他方式難處理之聚合物。 Most synthetic and cellulosic fibers are produced by forcing a viscous liquid through the micropores of the device (referred to as spinnerets) to form continuous filaments of semi-solid polymer. In its initial state, the fiber-forming polymer is typically solid and must therefore first be converted to a fluid state for extrusion. If the polymer is a thermoplastic composition, this is usually achieved by melting, or if it is a non-thermoplastic cellulose article, it is achieved by dissolving it in a suitable solvent. If it cannot be dissolved or melted directly, it must be chemically treated to form a soluble or thermoplastic derivative. Developed for some specialized fibers made from polymers that do not melt, dissolve or form suitable derivatives Technology. For such materials, small fluid molecules are mixed and reacted during the extrusion process to form polymers that are otherwise difficult to handle.
用於生產大多數製造纖維之紡絲頭為熟知的。紡絲頭可具有一個至幾百個孔。當長絲自紡絲頭中之孔顯現出時,液體聚合物凝結成橡膠態且隨後凝固。此無限長絲之擠壓與凝固製程稱為紡絲,不可與相同名稱之織物操作混淆,其中切段纖維之短件加撚成紗。所製造纖維之長絲紡絲存在四種方法:濕式紡絲、乾式紡絲、熔融紡絲及凝膠紡絲。 Spinning heads for the production of most manufactured fibers are well known. The spinneret can have from one to several hundred holes. When the filaments appear from the pores in the spinneret, the liquid polymer condenses into a rubbery state and then solidifies. The extrusion and solidification process of this infinite filament is called spinning and cannot be confused with the operation of the fabric of the same name, in which the short pieces of the cut fibers are twisted into yarn. There are four methods for filament spinning of the produced fibers: wet spinning, dry spinning, melt spinning, and gel spinning.
在所有該等方法中,紡絲之聚合物首先必須轉化成流體狀態。若聚合物為熱塑性,則僅可熔融,另外將其溶解於溶劑中或經化學處理形成可溶性或熱塑性衍生物。熔融聚合物隨後加壓通過紡絲頭,且其隨後冷卻至橡膠態及隨後凝固狀態。若使用聚合物溶液,則隨後在加壓通過紡絲頭之後移除溶劑。 In all of these processes, the spun polymer must first be converted to a fluid state. If the polymer is thermoplastic, it can only be melted, additionally dissolved in a solvent or chemically treated to form a soluble or thermoplastic derivative. The molten polymer is then pressurized through the spinneret and it is subsequently cooled to a rubbery state and subsequently solidified. If a polymer solution is used, the solvent is then removed after pressurization through the spinneret.
濕式紡絲 Wet spinning
濕式紡絲為五種方法中之最古老的。此方法用於需要溶解於溶劑中以進行紡絲之聚合物。紡絲頭浸沒於化學浴中引起纖維沈澱,且隨後凝固,如其顯現。該方法由此「濕」浴得其名稱。丙烯腈系纖維(Acrylic)、人造絲(Rayon)、芳族聚醯胺、改質聚丙烯腈纖維(modacrylic)及彈性人造纖維(Spandex)係經由此方法產生。 Wet spinning is the oldest of the five methods. This method is used for polymers that need to be dissolved in a solvent for spinning. The spinneret is immersed in a chemical bath to cause fiber precipitation and subsequent solidification as it appears. This method derives its name from this "wet" bath. Acrylic fibers, rayon, aromatic polyamines, modacrylic fibers, and elastic rayon fibers (Spandex) are produced by this method.
濕式紡絲之變體為乾噴濕式紡絲,其中將溶液擠入空氣且牽伸,且隨後浸沒於液浴中。此方法用於溶解纖維素之溶解性纖維(Lyocell)紡絲。 A variant of the wet spinning is dry spray wet spinning in which the solution is forced into air and drawn, and then immersed in a liquid bath. This method is used to dissolve cellulose-soluble fiber (Lyocell).
乾式紡絲 Dry spinning
乾式紡絲亦用於必須溶解於溶劑中之聚合物。不同之處在於經由蒸發溶劑實現凝固。此通常藉由空氣或惰性氣體之流來實現。因為不涉及沈澱液體,纖維不需要被乾燥,且溶劑更易於回收。乙酸纖維、三乙酸纖維、丙烯腈系纖維、改質聚丙烯腈纖維、聚苯并咪唑纖維、彈性人造纖維及維榮(vinyon)係經由此方法產生。 Dry spinning is also used for polymers that must be dissolved in a solvent. The difference is that solidification is achieved via evaporation of the solvent. This is usually achieved by the flow of air or an inert gas. Since no precipitation liquid is involved, the fibers do not need to be dried and the solvent is easier to recycle. Acetate fibers, triacetate fibers, acrylic fibers, modified polyacrylonitrile fibers, polybenzimidazole fibers, elastic rayon fibers, and vinyon are produced by this method.
熔融紡絲 Melt spinning
熔融紡絲用於可經熔融之聚合物。聚合物藉由在自紡絲頭擠出之後冷卻來凝固。耐綸、烯烴、聚酯、莎綸及硫纖維(sulfar)係經由此方法產生。 Melt spinning is used for polymers that can be melted. The polymer is solidified by cooling after extrusion from the spinneret. Nylon, olefin, polyester, saran and sulfar are produced by this method.
擠壓紡絲 Extrusion spinning
將固體聚合物之集結粒或顆粒饋入擠壓機中。將集結粒壓縮,加熱且藉由擠壓螺桿熔融,隨後饋入紡絲泵及紡絲頭中。 The agglomerates or granules of the solid polymer are fed into the extruder. The agglomerates are compressed, heated and melted by an extrusion screw and subsequently fed into a spinning pump and a spinning head.
直接紡絲 Direct spinning
直接紡絲方法避免固體聚合物集結粒之階段。聚合物熔體由原材料產生,且隨後自聚合物加工機直接泵送至紡絲研磨機。直接紡絲主要在聚酯纖維及長絲之生產期間應用且致力於高生產能力(>100噸/天)。 The direct spinning process avoids the stage of solid polymer agglomeration. The polymer melt is produced from the raw material and subsequently pumped directly from the polymer processor to the spinner. Direct spinning is mainly used during the production of polyester fibers and filaments and is dedicated to high throughput (>100 tons/day).
凝膠紡絲 Gel spinning
凝膠紡絲,亦稱為乾濕式紡絲,用於獲得高強度或其他特殊特性之纖維。聚合物處於「凝膠」狀態,僅部分液體,保持聚合物鏈稍微黏合在一起。此等黏合在纖維中產生強烈的鏈間力,增加其拉伸強度。纖維內之聚合物鏈亦具有較大程度之定向,增加強度。纖維首先經空氣乾燥,隨後進一步在液浴中冷卻。一些高強度聚乙烯與芳族聚醯胺纖維係經由此 方法產生。 Gel spinning, also known as dry-wet spinning, is used to obtain fibers of high strength or other special characteristics. The polymer is in a "gel" state, only partially liquid, keeping the polymer chains slightly bonded together. These bonds create strong interchain forces in the fibers and increase their tensile strength. The polymer chains within the fibers also have a greater degree of orientation and increase strength. The fibers are first air dried and then further cooled in a liquid bath. Some high-strength polyethylene and aromatic polyamide fibers pass through this The method is produced.
電紡絲 Electrospinning
電紡絲使用電荷自液體一聚合物溶液或聚合物熔體牽伸極精細(典型地呈微米或奈米級)纖維。電紡絲共有纖維之電噴霧與習知溶液乾式紡絲之特徵。該方法不需要使用凝聚化學作用或高溫來自溶液產生固體線。此使該方法尤其適合於使用大而複雜的分子生產纖維。亦實施熔體電紡絲;此方法確保無溶劑可帶入最終產品中。 Electrospinning uses a charge to draw very fine (typically micron or nanoscale) fibers from a liquid-polymer solution or polymer melt. Electrospinning is a feature of electrospraying of fibers and dry spinning of conventional solutions. The method does not require the use of coacervation chemistry or high temperature to produce solid lines from the solution. This makes the process particularly suitable for producing fibers using large and complex molecules. Melt electrospinning is also implemented; this method ensures that no solvent can be brought into the final product.
壓力紡絲 Pressure spinning
壓力紡絲為可使用之另一基於紡絲頭之技術。壓力紡絲使用離心力迫使聚合物材料流通過微孔,其中聚合物流變細成精細纖維,其可呈奈米級。壓力紡絲教示於國際申請日2014年7月03日之名稱為Forcespinning of Fibers and Filaments的PCT/US2014/045484中,其以全文引用的方式併入本文中。 Pressure spinning is another spinneret-based technology that can be used. Pressure spinning uses centrifugal force to force a flow of polymer material through the micropores, where the polymer stream becomes fine into fine fibers, which can be nanoscale. The pressure spinning is taught in PCT/US2014/045484, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety in its entirety in the the the the the the the the
牽伸 draft
紡絲之後,可牽伸纖維以增加強度及定向。此可在聚合物仍凝固時或在其已完全冷卻之後進行。 After spinning, the fibers can be drawn to increase strength and orientation. This can be done while the polymer is still solidifying or after it has been completely cooled.
紡紗 Spinning
所收集之矽藻土化纖維可經粗梳以紡絲成紗。紗可用於例如服裝、鞋類及設備最終產品中,利用可藉由矽藻土化纖維展現之獨特特性。 The collected algae-derived fibers can be carded to form a yarn. Yarns can be used, for example, in apparel, footwear, and equipment end products, utilizing the unique properties that can be exhibited by diatomaceous earth fibers.
除前述基於紡絲頭之聚合物流之外,還可使用噴出聚合物材料流之任何其他系統。可使用已知熔噴技術或其他已知技術形成纖維。舉例而言,名稱為「Multi-Pixel Liquid Streams,Especially Fiber-Forming Polymeric Streams,And Methods And Apparatus For Forming Same」之US 6392007揭示系統及方法,其中至少兩個不同液流被細分成密集型複數個單獨分離之以各別記錄不準確陣列定向之平行像素。因此,液流陣列之一之個別像素將由另一液流陣列之像素包圍。隨後使此等個別像素陣列彼此接觸,形成由兩個不同液流之記錄不準確像素陣列組成之多像素液流。「像素化」液流一亦即,兩個不同液流之記錄不準確像素陣列之截面中所含之液流一隨後可經進一步處理。舉例而言,像素化液流可藉由沿彎曲流路徑導向來經受進一步混合。 In addition to the foregoing polymer flow based on the spinneret, any other system that ejects a stream of polymeric material can be used. The fibers can be formed using known meltblowing techniques or other known techniques. For example, the name is "Multi-Pixel Liquid Streams, Especially Fiber-Forming Polymeric US 6392007 to Streams, And Methods And Apparatus For Forming Same, discloses a system and method in which at least two different streams are subdivided into a plurality of closely spaced parallel pixels that are individually separated to record inaccurate array orientations. Thus, individual pixels of one of the flow arrays will be surrounded by pixels of another flow array. The individual pixel arrays are then brought into contact with one another to form a multi-pixel stream consisting of two inaccurate pixel arrays of different liquid streams. The "pixelized" stream, i.e., the flow of the two different streams recorded in the cross section of the inaccurate pixel array, can then be further processed. For example, the pixelated liquid stream can be subjected to further mixing by being directed along a curved flow path.
適合之基礎或原料聚合物材料包括天然與合成聚合物、聚合物摻合物及其他纖維成型材料。該等材料包括熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯、聚醯胺、聚酯、聚丙烯、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚胺基甲酸酯(PU)、聚乳酸(PLA)、耐綸、鉍及β-內醯胺纖維及聚烯烴。聚合物及其他纖維成型材料可由生物材料(例如,可生物降解且可生物再吸收之材料、植物類生物聚合物、生物類醱酵聚合物)、金屬、金屬合金、陶瓷、複合物及碳超細纖維組成或包括上述各者。 Suitable base or base polymer materials include natural and synthetic polymers, polymer blends, and other fiber forming materials. These materials include thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyamides, polyesters, polypropylenes, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polypropylene (PP), polyurethanes (PU), polylactic acid (PLA). ), nylon, tantalum and β-indoleamine fibers and polyolefins. Polymers and other fiber forming materials can be made from biological materials (eg, biodegradable and bioresorbable materials, plant biopolymers, bio-based fermentation polymers), metals, metal alloys, ceramics, composites, and carbon super The fine fibers are composed of or include the above.
纖維可包括如上文所指示之多種材料之摻合。纖維亦可包括孔(例如,腔或多腔)或孔隙。多腔纖維可藉由設計例如一個或多個具有同心開口之出口埠實現。在某些具體實例中,該等開口可包含分隔開口(亦即,擁有一個或多個隔板使得製成兩個或多於兩個較小開口之開口)。該等特徵可用於獲得特定物理特性。舉例而言,可產生纖維用作諸如下文所描述之絕緣應用中之熱絕緣體,或用作彈性(回彈性)或無彈性力衰減器。 The fibers can include blends of a variety of materials as indicated above. The fibers may also include pores (eg, cavities or multiple lumens) or pores. Multi-chamber fibers can be realized by designing, for example, one or more outlet ports having concentric openings. In some embodiments, the openings can include separate openings (i.e., openings having one or more baffles such that two or more smaller openings are made). These features can be used to obtain specific physical characteristics. For example, fibers can be produced for use as thermal insulators in insulation applications such as those described below, or as elastic (resilient) or inelastic attenuators.
在某些具體實例中,本發明之織物構築體及膜與纖維網狀物 可包括彈性纖維,諸如氨綸、聚胺基甲酸酯及聚丙烯酸酯類聚合物,以賦予根據本發明主題製成之非編織織物伸縮性。 In some embodiments, the fabric constructs and films and fibrous webs of the present invention Elastane fibers, such as spandex, polyurethane, and polyacrylate polymers may be included to impart stretchability to the nonwoven fabric made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
在一個例示性具體實例中,本發明主題提供主要由作為纖維成型聚合物之聚對苯二甲酸伸乙酯組成之矽藻土化纖維,其特徵在於該等纖維之矽藻土/聚合物為約0.1wt%至5wt%或大約值。 In an illustrative embodiment, the subject matter of the present invention provides a diatomaceous earth fiber consisting essentially of polyethylene terephthalate as a fiber-forming polymer, characterized in that the diatomaceous earth/polymer of the fibers is From about 0.1% to about 5% by weight or about the value.
視應用而定,矽藻土粒子之孔隙可或可不受熱塑性或其他基礎材料阻塞。母料通常產生均勻分佈粒子之懸浮液,且在擠壓期間確保粒子在纖維表面上且孔隙為開放的。可藉由顯微法,例如掃描電子顯微法測定阻塞。在一些情況下,阻擋將不發生,因為例如粒子之相對孔隙大小與以下各者相對:(1)基礎材料中所用的聚合物之分子量或大小;(2)在摻合期間基礎材料之黏度;及/或(3)在摻合期間基礎材料之表面張力。若基礎材料能夠阻塞孔隙,則粒子可經以可移除方式阻塞孔隙之物質預處理。各種方法為已知的,包括以全文引用的方式併入本文中之US 7247374中所揭示之彼等方法。一般而言,可移除材料可為不同於相關基礎材料之選擇性對環境條件作出反應之熱塑性塑膠或蠟。舉例而言,可移除物質可溶解於其中基礎材料為相對不可溶之特定溶劑中。類似地,特定加熱或沖洗方法可用於移除可用於填實或以其他方式保護孔隙或可無意進入孔隙之任何東西。作為另一實例,可移除物質可在一定電磁波長下降解,而基礎材料為穩定的。 Depending on the application, the pores of the diatomaceous earth particles may or may not be blocked by thermoplastic or other base materials. The masterbatch typically produces a suspension of uniformly distributed particles and ensures that the particles are on the surface of the fibers and that the pores are open during extrusion. Blockage can be determined by microscopic methods, such as scanning electron microscopy. In some cases, blocking will not occur because, for example, the relative pore size of the particles is relative to: (1) the molecular weight or size of the polymer used in the base material; (2) the viscosity of the base material during blending; And/or (3) the surface tension of the base material during blending. If the base material is capable of blocking the pores, the particles may be pretreated by a substance that removably blocks the pores. Various methods are known, including those disclosed in US Pat. No. 7,247,374, incorporated herein by reference. In general, the removable material can be a thermoplastic or wax that reacts to environmental conditions other than the selectivity of the relevant base material. For example, the removable material can be dissolved in a particular solvent in which the base material is relatively insoluble. Similarly, a particular heating or rinsing method can be used to remove anything that can be used to fill or otherwise protect the pores or can inadvertently enter the pores. As another example, the removable material can degrade at a certain electromagnetic wavelength while the base material is stable.
在一些具體實例中,纖維或其他構築體之基礎材料之表面上的粒子之暴露面積為基礎材料表面積之3%-50%或大約值。矽藻粒徑典型地為大約1-3微米且不超過纖維之以線性重量計大約5%。微米大小纖維之粒 徑可在奈米至大約5微米之直徑範圍內。在奈米纖維之情況下,所用粒子之大小範圍可呈大約100-500nm。 In some embodiments, the exposed area of the particles on the surface of the base material of the fiber or other construct is between 3% and 50% or about the surface area of the base material. The diameter of the algae is typically about 1-3 microns and does not exceed about 5% of the fiber by linear weight. Micron size fiber The diameter can range from nanometers to a diameter of about 5 microns. In the case of nanofibers, the particles used may range in size from about 100 to about 500 nm.
根據本發明主題之用矽藻土化纖維製成之面料可包括0%至100%矽藻土化纖維(在編織之情況下呈例如緯紗及/或經紗方向之大體上均一分佈)。在一些應用(諸如水分管理)中,咸信若織物中10%至100%紗經矽藻土化,則可達成適合效能屬性。咸信若織物具有30%或大約值之矽藻土化紗,則可達成尤其適合之效能屬性。咸信織物中30%或大於30%之矽藻土化紗將提供尤其適合之效能屬性。 Fabrics made from diatomaceous earth fibers in accordance with the teachings of the present invention may comprise from 0% to 100% diatomaceous earth fibers (in the case of weaving, for example, a substantially uniform distribution of weft yarns and/or warp yarn directions). In some applications, such as moisture management, a suitable performance attribute can be achieved by 10% to 100% of the yarn in the fabric. A particularly suitable performance attribute can be achieved if the fabric has a 30% or approximately diatomaceous earth yarn. 30% or more of the diatomized ground yarn in the woven fabric will provide a particularly suitable performance attribute.
可向其中添加矽藻土粒子之一種適合聚合物原料之一非限制性實例為聚對苯二甲酸伸乙酯(PET),其可用於形成聚酯材料。PET或「聚酯」一般包括含有至少80%聚對苯二甲酸伸乙酯單元及來自二醇(乙二醇除外,諸如二乙二醇、丁二醇)或二甲酸(對苯二甲酸除外,例如間苯二甲酸、六氫對苯二甲酸、二苯甲酸)之最多20%單元的聚酯。 One non-limiting example of a suitable polymeric material to which diatomaceous earth particles can be added is poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PET), which can be used to form polyester materials. PET or "polyester" generally includes at least 80% polyethylene terephthalate units and from diols (except ethylene glycol, such as diethylene glycol, butylene glycol) or dicarboxylic acid (except terephthalic acid) For example, polyesters of up to 20% units of isophthalic acid, hexahydroterephthalic acid, dibenzoic acid.
在一例示性具體實例中,本發明主題提供一種生產包含聚對苯二甲酸伸乙酯作為纖維成型聚合物之熔紡纖維之方法,其經由纖維成型聚合物之聚縮合或熔融且隨後將熔體熔融紡絲成纖維來進行。該方法包括以下步驟:將0.1-5.0wt%矽藻土混合至聚合物原料或聚合物熔體材料中,隨後熔融紡絲。一般而言,粒子將均質分散於熔融材料中。在熔融紡絲期間,500m/min至10,000m/min之紡絲速度應適用於許多應用。在熔融紡絲期間,自熔融紡絲系統之紡絲頭之一個或多個孔擠出纖維。 In an exemplary embodiment, the present subject matter provides a method of producing a melt spun fiber comprising poly(ethylene terephthalate) as a fiber-forming polymer, which is condensed or melted via a fiber-forming polymer and then melted The body is melt spun into fibers to carry out. The method comprises the steps of mixing 0.1-5.0 wt% of diatomaceous earth into a polymer feedstock or polymer melt material followed by melt spinning. In general, the particles will be homogeneously dispersed in the molten material. Spinning speeds of from 500 m/min to 10,000 m/min during melt spinning should be suitable for many applications. During melt spinning, the fibers are extruded from one or more apertures of the spinneret of the melt spinning system.
PET自身亦可含有習用添加劑,諸如消光劑(二氧化鈦)、穩定劑、催化劑、染料等。聚對苯二甲酸伸乙酯可視情況經小莫耳數量之 具有3-4個官能醇或酸基團之分枝劑改質,分枝劑諸如三甲基丙烷、三甲基辛烷、季戊四醇、甘油、對稱苯三甲酸、偏苯三甲酸或苯均四酸。 PET itself may also contain customary additives such as matting agents (titanium dioxide), stabilizers, catalysts, dyes and the like. Polyethylene terephthalate ethyl ester can be seen in small moles Branching agent modification with 3-4 functional alcohols or acid groups, such as trimethylpropane, trimethyloctane, pentaerythritol, glycerol, symmetrical trimellitic acid, trimellitic acid or benzene acid.
然而,起始聚酯亦可含有已知添加劑以便修改著色能力,諸如鈉-3,5-二羧基苯磺酸鹽。 However, the starting polyester may also contain known additives to modify the coloring ability, such as sodium-3,5-dicarboxybenzenesulfonate.
在熔融線中,例如可能使用其他動態及/或靜態混合器。為此,動態及/或靜態混合器亦可直接置放在紡絲組合前面。 In the melt line, for example, other dynamic and/or static mixers may be used. For this purpose, the dynamic and/or static mixer can also be placed directly in front of the spinning assembly.
在本發明之一個具體實例中,可藉由所描述之混雜變體中之任一者產生的備用型分散、熔融混合物首先不紡絲成纖維,但進行粒化。顆粒可稍後在習知紡絲機器上用熔融擠壓機處理,且紡絲成纖維。在該過程中,二級加工商,例如顆粒製造商之客戶,具有根據本發明改質之聚酯的所有優點而不必使其習知紡絲機器裝備有昂貴的定量與混合設施且不必購買單獨添加劑。因此,整個處理對於二級加工商而言如同正常PET粒化一樣簡單。 In one embodiment of the invention, the alternate dispersion, molten mixture, which may be produced by any of the described hybrid variants, is first unspun into fibers, but granulated. The granules can later be treated with a melt extruder on a conventional spinning machine and spun into fibers. In this process, the secondary processor, such as the customer of the granule manufacturer, has all the advantages of the polyester modified according to the invention without having to have its conventional spinning machine equipped with expensive dosing and mixing facilities and without having to purchase separate additive. Therefore, the entire process is as simple as a secondary PET granulation as a normal PET granulation.
除新穎矽藻土化纖維構築體之外,本發明主題一般亦關於基於所選長絲(例如,紗或纖維)之融合形成編織、非編織及針織織物構築體,在織物構築體中之織物不對稱表面或層中產生由紗或纖維形成之格子。(在此,產品及其對應組件,或產品或組件之部分(section/portion)一般可稱為「構築體」)。如本文所用,「格子(lattice)」意謂點或元件之配置呈一般規則週期性圖案,尤其呈十字形、交錯、相互循環或交織圖案,如呈針織或編織結構。儘管由於其呈十字形或交織纖維元件之不規則性而在技術上不在本說明書內,除非上下文另外規定,否則本文意欲包括具有非編織墊或氈形式之織物作為格子結構。織物構築體可基於此項技術中已知 之各種技術由針織或編織結構形成。其可基於此項技術中已知之各種技術由墊或氈結構形成。 In addition to the novel diatomaceous earth-forming fiber constructs, the subject matter of the present invention is generally also directed to forming woven, non-woven, and knitted fabric constructs based on the fusion of selected filaments (e.g., yarns or fibers), fabrics in fabric constructs. A lattice formed of yarn or fiber is produced in the asymmetric surface or layer. (The product and its corresponding components, or parts/portions of the product or component are generally referred to as "constructs"). As used herein, "lattice" means that the arrangement of points or elements is in a generally regular periodic pattern, particularly in the form of a cross, staggered, mutually circulated or interwoven, such as in a knitted or woven structure. Although not technically within the specification due to its irregularity in the shape of a cross or interlaced fiber, unless the context dictates otherwise, it is intended herein to include a fabric having a non-woven mat or felt form as a lattice structure. Fabric constructs can be based on what is known in the art The various techniques are formed by knitted or woven structures. It can be formed from a mat or felt structure based on various techniques known in the art.
圖5示意性地展示構築體10,其包含三個層:矽藻土化面料層12、視情況存在之外層14及視情況存在之內層16。矽藻土化層可用於控制水分。在服裝應用中,在戶外護套中外層可為殼層。內層可為針對使用者皮膚之由例如網狀面料製成之舒適內襯。若省略視情況存在之層14、層16,則矽藻土化層12可為用於運動、戶外應用及由矽藻土化材料提供之水分管理或其他功能可為合乎需要之其他該等用途之基層。 Fig. 5 schematically shows a structure 10 comprising three layers: a layer of diatomaceous earth fabric 12, an outer layer 14 as the case may be, and an inner layer 16 as the case may be. The diatomized soil layer can be used to control moisture. In apparel applications, the outer layer in the outer sheath can be a shell. The inner layer can be a comfortable lining made of, for example, a mesh fabric for the skin of the user. If the layer 14 or layer 16 as the case may be omitted, the algae soil layer 12 may be used for sports, outdoor applications, and moisture management or other functions provided by the algae soil material, which may be desirable for such other purposes. The base layer.
圖6示意性地展示可整體或部分用構築體10製成之上身服裝物件18(例如護套)及下身服裝物件20(例如褲子)之一實例。 FIG. 6 schematically illustrates an example of an upper body garment item 18 (eg, a sheath) and a lower body garment item 20 (eg, pants) that may be integrally or partially constructed with the construct 10.
更特定言之,織物可定義為自具有一般二維結構(亦即,長度及寬度實質上大於厚度)之長絲之任何製造。一般而言,織物可分類為非編織織物或機械操縱織物。非編織織物為黏合、融合、互鎖或以其他方式接合之長絲之網狀物或墊。作為一實例,非編織織物可藉由將複數個聚合物長絲隨機沈積於表面上(諸如移動傳送帶)來形成。機械操縱織物通常藉由通常經由涉及織機或針織機之機械製程使紗或複數種紗編織或相互循環(例如,針織)來形成。然而,編織織物包括彼此呈直角交叉之紗(亦即,經紗與緯紗),針織織物包括形成複數個以緯圈與經圈配置之互相嚙合環之一或多種紗。 More specifically, a fabric can be defined as any fabrication of filaments having a generally two-dimensional structure (i.e., having a length and width substantially greater than the thickness). In general, fabrics can be classified as non-woven fabrics or mechanically manipulated fabrics. Nonwoven fabrics are webs or mats of filaments that are bonded, fused, interlocked, or otherwise joined. As an example, a non-woven fabric can be formed by randomly depositing a plurality of polymer filaments on a surface, such as a moving conveyor belt. Mechanically manipulated fabrics are typically formed by weaving or reciprocating (e.g., knitting) a yarn or a plurality of yarns, typically via a mechanical process involving a loom or knitting machine. However, the woven fabric includes yarns (i.e., warp and weft) that intersect each other at right angles, and the knit fabric includes one or more yarns that form a plurality of interengaging rings in the latitude and loop configurations.
如本文所用,「膜(film)」意謂材料之薄單片層。膜可或可不具有孔隙率,但若為多孔,則其具有實質上固體表面積,亦即,開孔不占大部分表面積。舉例而言,膜之至少一種固體表面積可為約50%至約 100%,且包括50%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%、99.9%及99.99%之固體表面積。 As used herein, "film" means a thin, monolithic layer of material. The membrane may or may not have porosity, but if it is porous, it has a substantially solid surface area, i.e., the openings do not occupy a substantial portion of the surface area. For example, at least one solid surface area of the membrane can range from about 50% to about 100%, and includes 50%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.9%, and 99.99% solid surface area.
如本文所用,「隔膜(membrane)」意謂分離兩種流體(例如,服裝外部之水或空氣及服裝內部(使用者之側)之空氣或蒸氣)且充當選擇性障壁之膜,除非隔膜為親水性隔膜,否則其允許一些粒子相對於其他粒子優先穿過,例如允許氣相水但非液相水穿過(例如,微孔與疏水性隔膜)。 As used herein, "membrane" means separating two fluids (eg, water or air outside the garment and air or vapor inside the garment (on the side of the user)) and acting as a membrane for the selective barrier unless the membrane is A hydrophilic membrane that otherwise allows some particles to pass preferentially with respect to other particles, such as allowing gas phase water but non-liquid phase water to pass through (eg, microporous and hydrophobic membranes).
本文所揭示之纖維、紗、線及織物可用於各種服裝物品(例如,外套、襯衫及鞋類)及多種其他物品中。舉例而言,織物構築體可用於無縫與有縫產品與產品組件中,諸如服裝;鞋類;手套;頭飾;帳篷;背包;行李及其他物件載體之性質的容器或載體;傢俱裝飾;床上用品;桌布;亞麻布;汽車椅套;防水布;毛巾;醫用織物;土工織物;及農用織物,其中構築體包含本文中所主張之構築體(矽藻土化纖維、長絲、紗、織物、墊、膜或隔膜)中之任一者的至少一部分。織物構築體之各種組態亦可用於工業目的,如在汽車與航空航天應用、過濾器材料、醫用織物、土工織物、農用織物及工業服裝中。矽藻土化纖維與織物亦可用於手套中,提供具有更佳握力之抓握側。因此,織物構築體可出於個人與工業目的用於多種物品中。 The fibers, yarns, threads, and fabrics disclosed herein can be used in a variety of apparel articles (e.g., outerwear, shirts, and footwear) and a variety of other articles. For example, fabric constructs can be used in seamless and seamed products and product components, such as garments; footwear; gloves; headwear; tents; backpacks; containers or carriers of the nature of luggage and other object carriers; Supplies; tablecloths; linens; car seat covers; tarpaulins; towels; medical fabrics; geotextiles; and agricultural fabrics, wherein the structures comprise the structures claimed herein (diatomaceous earth fibers, filaments, yarns, At least a portion of any of a fabric, mat, film or membrane. Various configurations of fabric constructs can also be used for industrial purposes, such as in automotive and aerospace applications, filter materials, medical fabrics, geotextiles, agricultural fabrics, and industrial apparel. Diatomaceous earthen fibers and fabrics can also be used in gloves to provide a grip side with better grip. Thus, fabric constructs can be used in a variety of articles for personal and industrial purposes.
在某些具體實例中,本發明主題係關於一種織物構築體及相關構造方法,其中可熔性長絲,諸如格子90中之熱塑性紗或纖維3(圖7)熔融形成織物構築體100或200,其在一個側或層上具有部分融合膜(圖8)或充分融合膜4(圖9至圖10),而另一側或層維持呈離散針織或編織結構。 織物中之矽藻土化長絲或紗可在構築體90、100及200之一個或兩個側或層處。2014年2月22日申請的名稱為Textile Constructs Formed with Fusible Elements之美國申請案第61/943,349號揭示具有可熔性長絲之各種織物構築體且以全文引用的方式併入本文中。融合膜可提供具有所要屬性(諸如防水性或抗水性及透氣性)之隔膜側或層。融合膜可提供各種功能或效能屬性。舉例而言,其可視所用材料及/或融合程度而定充當空氣及水之完整或部分障壁。其可充當貼身的可拉伸層。其可充當針對磨損或衝擊力之耐用或保護層。該等功能特性之任何組合可經工程改造為根據本發明主題之織物構築體。 In certain embodiments, the present subject matter is directed to a fabric construct and associated construction method in which fusible filaments, such as thermoplastic yarns or fibers 3 (FIG. 7) in lattice 90, are melted to form fabric construct 100 or 200. It has a partially fused film (Fig. 8) or a fully fused film 4 (Figs. 9-10) on one side or layer while the other side or layer remains in a discrete knit or woven structure. The diatomized earth filaments or yarns in the fabric may be on one or both sides or layers of the structures 90, 100 and 200. Various fabric constructs having fusible filaments are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 61/943,349, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The fused membrane can provide a membrane side or layer having desirable properties such as water repellency or water resistance and gas permeability. The fusion membrane provides a variety of functional or performance attributes. For example, it may act as a complete or partial barrier to air and water depending on the materials used and/or degree of fusion. It can act as a stretchable layer that fits snugly. It can act as a durable or protective layer against wear or impact. Any combination of these functional characteristics can be engineered into a fabric construct in accordance with the subject matter of the present invention.
圖7展示用由矽藻土化紗2與可熔性纖維3組成之添紗中之一者形成構築體90之添紗針織結構之一實例。(可熔性紗相對於非可熔性材料具有較低軟化或熔融溫度)。添紗將各紗2與3置放於添紗結構之相對側上。在軟化或熔融可熔性纖維時,可熔性纖維在構築體之一個側上形成部分或充分熔融結構,且離散針織結構將保持於另一側上。圖8自非可熔性紗2之側展示構築體100,其由來自圖7的構築體90之部分熔融產生。圖9自非可熔性紗2之側展示構築體100,其由來自圖7的構築體90之完全熔融產生。圖9自可熔性紗3(現顯現為膜4)之側展示構築體200,其由來自圖7的構築體90之完全熔融產生。 Fig. 7 shows an example of a woven knit structure in which the structuring body 90 is formed by one of the plating yarns composed of the diatomaceous earth yarn 2 and the fusible fiber 3. (The fusible yarn has a lower softening or melting temperature relative to the non-fusible material). The addition of the yarns 2 and 3 to the opposite side of the plating structure. Upon softening or melting the fusible fibers, the fusible fibers form a partially or fully molten structure on one side of the building and the discrete knit structure will remain on the other side. Fig. 8 shows the structure 100 from the side of the non-fusible yarn 2, which is produced by partial melting from the structure 90 of Fig. 7. Figure 9 shows the structure 100 from the side of the non-fusible yarn 2, which is produced by complete melting of the structure 90 from Figure 7. Figure 9 shows the structure 200 from the side of the fusible yarn 3 (now appearing as film 4), which is produced by the complete melting of the structure 90 from Figure 7.
儘管廣泛範圍之熱塑性聚合物材料可用於可熔性長絲,但適合的熱塑性聚合物材料之實例包括熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯、聚醯胺、聚酯、聚丙烯及聚烯烴。儘管可熔性長絲可由上文所提及之熱塑性聚合物材料中之任一者形成,使用熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯賦予各種優點。舉例而言,熱塑 性聚胺基甲酸酯之各種調配物為彈性體且拉伸超過百分之一百,同時展現相對較高穩定性或拉伸強度。與一些其他熱塑性聚合物材料相比,熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯易於與其他元素形成熱黏合,如下文更詳細論述。此外,熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯可形成發泡體材料且可再循環形成多種產品。在可熔性紗2之許多組態中,各捆綁組件長絲1完全或實質上由一或多種熱塑性聚合物材料形成。亦即,至少50重量%、55重量%、60重量%、65重量%、70重量%、75重量%、80重量%、85重量%、90重量%、95重量%或100重量%之長絲1為熱塑性聚合物材料。實質上由熱塑性聚合物材料形成長絲1之優點為均勻特性,能夠形成熱黏合,有效製造,彈性拉伸及相對較高穩定性或拉伸強度。儘管可使用單一熱塑性聚合物材料,個別長絲1可由多種熱塑性聚合物材料形成。作為一實例,個別長絲1可具有鞘/芯組態,其中個別長絲1之外鞘由第一熱塑性聚合物材料形成,且個別長絲1之內芯由第二熱塑性聚合物材料形成。作為一類似實例,個別長絲1可具有雙組分組態,其中個別長絲1之一半由第一熱塑性聚合物材料形成,且個別長絲1之相對一半由第二熱塑性聚合物材料形成。儘管各長絲1可由共同熱塑性聚合物材料形成,不同長絲1亦可由不同材料形成。作為一實例,一些長絲1可由第一類型之熱塑性聚合物材料形成,而其他長絲1可由第二類型之熱塑性聚合物材料形成。 While a wide range of thermoplastic polymer materials are useful for fusible filaments, examples of suitable thermoplastic polymer materials include thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyamides, polyesters, polypropylenes, and polyolefins. While the fusible filaments can be formed from any of the thermoplastic polymer materials mentioned above, the use of thermoplastic polyurethanes imparts various advantages. For example, thermoplastic Various formulations of the urethane are elastomers and stretch over one hundred percent while exhibiting relatively high stability or tensile strength. Thermoplastic polyurethanes are susceptible to thermal bonding with other elements as compared to some other thermoplastic polymeric materials, as discussed in more detail below. In addition, the thermoplastic polyurethane can form a foam material and can be recycled to form a variety of products. In many configurations of fusible yarn 2, each of the bundled component filaments 1 is formed entirely or substantially of one or more thermoplastic polymer materials. That is, at least 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 100% by weight of the filament 1 is a thermoplastic polymer material. The advantage of forming the filament 1 substantially from the thermoplastic polymer material is uniformity, which enables thermal bonding, efficient manufacturing, elastic stretching and relatively high stability or tensile strength. While a single thermoplastic polymer material can be used, the individual filaments 1 can be formed from a variety of thermoplastic polymer materials. As an example, the individual filaments 1 may have a sheath/core configuration in which the outer filament 1 outer sheath is formed from a first thermoplastic polymer material and the inner core of the individual filaments 1 is formed from a second thermoplastic polymer material. As a similar example, the individual filaments 1 can have a two-component configuration in which one half of the individual filaments 1 are formed from a first thermoplastic polymer material and the opposite half of the individual filaments 1 are formed from a second thermoplastic polymer material. Although the individual filaments 1 can be formed from a common thermoplastic polymer material, the different filaments 1 can also be formed from different materials. As an example, some of the filaments 1 may be formed from a first type of thermoplastic polymer material, while other filaments 1 may be formed from a second type of thermoplastic polymer material.
除使可熔性長絲轉化成膜之熱裝置之外,其他裝置或能源可單獨或與熱能組合使用以使轉化成膜。舉例而言,機械壓機可用於促進在充分條件下藉由使用具有蠟或黏土類似特性之長絲形成膜且在充分壓力下聚結且融合。長絲亦可為可在聚合劑(諸如化學劑)或能源(例如,UV或 IR光譜中之電磁輻射或超音波能量)存在下黏合在一起之可聚合材料。長絲亦可具有如下性質:其在特定溶劑或氣體存在下軟化且變得可熔。 In addition to the thermal means for converting the fusible filaments into a film, other devices or energy sources can be used alone or in combination with thermal energy to convert into a film. For example, a mechanical press can be used to promote the formation of a film under sufficient conditions by using filaments having wax or clay-like properties and coalescing and fusing under sufficient pressure. The filaments may also be in a polymerization agent (such as a chemical) or an energy source (for example, UV or Electromagnetic radiation or ultrasonic energy in the IR spectrum exists in a polymerizable material that is bonded together. Filaments may also have the property that they soften and become fusible in the presence of a particular solvent or gas.
長絲1之聚合物材料可選擇為具有各種拉伸特性,且該材料可視為彈性體。視紗所要之特定特性而定,長絲1在拉伸失效之前可在百分之十至大於百分之八百之間拉伸。相關而言,長絲1使用之熱塑性聚合物材料可選擇為具有各種恢復特性。亦即,紗或長絲1可形成為在被拉伸之後返回至原始形狀。許多併有紗之產品,諸如織物及由織物形成之服裝物品,可受益於允許紗在被拉伸之後以百分之一百或大於百分之一百返回或以其他方式恢復至原始形狀之特性。儘管許多熱塑性聚合物材料展現拉伸與恢復特性,但熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯對於各種織物及服裝物品展現適合之拉伸與恢復特性。 The polymeric material of filament 1 can be selected to have various tensile properties and the material can be considered an elastomer. Depending on the particular characteristics desired for the yarn, the filament 1 can be stretched between ten percent and more than eight hundred percent before the tensile failure. Relatedly, the thermoplastic polymer material used in filament 1 can be selected to have various recovery characteristics. That is, the yarn or filament 1 may be formed to return to the original shape after being stretched. Many yarn-containing products, such as fabrics and garment articles formed from fabrics, may benefit from allowing the yarn to return or otherwise return to its original shape at one hundred percent or more after being stretched. . While many thermoplastic polymer materials exhibit tensile and recovery characteristics, thermoplastic polyurethane exhibits suitable stretch and recovery characteristics for a variety of fabrics and apparel articles.
紗重量可視例如個別長絲1之厚度、長絲1之數目及長絲1之所選特定材料而顯著變化。一般而言,重量藉由單位「特克斯」或「丹尼爾」量測,其為一定公尺數之紗以公克為單位之重量,如由熟習此項技術者所理解。 The yarn weight can vary significantly, for example, depending on the thickness of the individual filaments 1, the number of filaments 1, and the particular material selected for filament 1. In general, the weight is measured by the unit "Tex" or "Daniel", which is the weight of a certain metric yarn in grams, as understood by those skilled in the art.
多種習知方法可用於製造由一或多種熱塑性及/或矽藻土化纖維或長絲1組成之紗。一般而言,紗1之製造方法包括(a)擠壓或以其他方式由矽藻土化及/或熱塑性聚合物材料形成複數個長絲1及(b)收集或捆綁長絲1。在捆綁後,可加撚長絲1。視所要特定特徵而定,紗亦可經受空氣紋理化操作或其他後處理操作。亦可進行如下文所論述之融合製程以在相鄰長絲1之間形成熱黏合。 A variety of conventional methods are available for making yarns composed of one or more thermoplastic and/or diatomaceous earth fibers or filaments 1. In general, the method of making the yarn 1 comprises (a) extruding or otherwise forming a plurality of filaments 1 from the diatomaceous earth and/or thermoplastic polymer material and (b) collecting or binding the filaments 1. After the binding, the filament 1 can be twisted. Depending on the particular feature desired, the yarn may also undergo an air texturing operation or other post-processing operation. A fusing process as discussed below can also be performed to form a thermal bond between adjacent filaments 1.
本發明主題亦涵蓋織物構築體,其中組成性長絲或紗之定製 在形成長絲紗或織物之後發生。舉例而言,該等物品可以全部或部分熱塑性材料形成,且矽藻土可嵌入物件表面同時呈熔融或軟化狀態。此可例如藉由將粒子機械壓製或捏合成熱塑性基材或空氣射流迫使粒子進入表面來發生。 The subject matter of the invention also encompasses fabric constructs in which the constitutive filaments or yarns are customized Occurs after the formation of the filament yarn or fabric. For example, the articles may be formed from all or a portion of the thermoplastic material, and the diatomaceous earth may be embedded in the surface of the article while being in a molten or softened state. This can occur, for example, by mechanically pressing or kneading the particles into a thermoplastic substrate or air jet to force the particles into the surface.
粒子亦可經由化學黏合附著至熱塑性材料與非熱塑性材料之軟化、熔融或固體基材表面。舉例而言,矽藻土粒子可分散於環氧樹脂溶液中且塗覆至基材。 The particles may also be attached to the softened, molten or solid substrate surface of the thermoplastic and non-thermoplastic material via chemical bonding. For example, the diatomaceous earth particles can be dispersed in an epoxy resin solution and applied to a substrate.
如已指出,根據本發明主題之織物構築體可併入多種產品中,包括各種服裝物品(例如,襯衫褲子、鞋類)。取一套由例如護套或殼體18及褲子20組成之外衣(圖6)作為一實例,矽藻土化織物構築體可形成每件衣服之大部分,包括護套或殼體之軀幹區域及兩個臂區域及褲子之腰部與腿部區域。一個或多個織物構築體可選擇性置放於可能需要任何前述或效能屬性之區域中。舉例而言,在基層中,矽藻土化構築體可在手臂下方區域、胸部及/或背部區域或任何其他易於出汗之區域。 As indicated, fabric constructs in accordance with the subject matter of the present invention can be incorporated into a variety of products, including various apparel items (eg, shirt pants, footwear). Taking a set of outer garments (Fig. 6) consisting, for example, of a sheath or casing 18 and pants 20 as an example, the diatomaceous earth fabric construct can form a majority of each garment, including the torso region of the sheath or casing. And the two arm areas and the waist and leg areas of the pants. One or more fabric constructs can be selectively placed in areas that may require any of the foregoing or performance attributes. For example, in the base layer, the algae soiled structure can be in the area under the arm, the chest and/or back area, or any other area that is prone to sweating.
本發明主題亦涵蓋使用經改質以提供選擇性功能之矽藻土粒子。舉例而言,名稱為Superhydrophobic Diatomaceous Earth之US 8216674揭示超疏水性矽藻土。藉由將具有疏水性塗層之矽藻土粒子塗佈於粒子表面上使得塗層符合矽藻土粒子之表面形貌來製備矽藻土。疏水性塗層可為全氟化矽烷偶合劑之自組裝單層。超疏水性粉末可如上文所論述應用為懸浮液作為聚合物原料中之添加劑,或在黏合劑溶液中應用於基材,在基材上產生超疏水性表面。 The subject matter of the present invention also encompasses the use of diatomaceous earth particles that have been modified to provide selective functionality. For example, US Pat. No. 8,216,674 to Superhydrophobic Diatomaceous Earth discloses superhydrophobic diatomaceous earth. The diatomaceous earth is prepared by coating the diatomaceous earth particles having a hydrophobic coating on the surface of the particles such that the coating conforms to the surface topography of the diatomaceous earth particles. The hydrophobic coating can be a self-assembled monolayer of a perfluorinated decane coupling agent. The superhydrophobic powder can be applied as a suspension in the polymer feedstock as discussed above, or applied to a substrate in a binder solution to create a superhydrophobic surface on the substrate.
疏水性矽藻土可用於例如紗中作為對構築體之拒水處理。其 亦可經由其硬度增強構築體之耐用性。舉例而言,疏水性矽藻土可用於紗以增強拒水性。其可用於織物以提供拒水性及耐磨性。在鞋子外底(下文論述)中,疏水性矽藻土可幫助不讓水進入矽藻土粒子。 Hydrophobic diatomaceous earth can be used, for example, in yarns as a water repellent treatment for structures. its The durability of the structure can also be enhanced by its hardness. For example, hydrophobic diatomaceous earth can be used in yarns to enhance water repellency. It can be used in fabrics to provide water repellency and abrasion resistance. In the outsole of the shoe (discussed below), the hydrophobic diatomaceous earth helps prevent water from entering the diatomaceous earth particles.
上述以引用的方式併入之申請案PCT/US2014/045484一般教示由纖維網狀物,尤其「超細」纖維(亦即直徑在奈米級或微米級範圍內之纖維)組成之非編織織物。在某些態樣中,本發明主題係關於使用用於形成凝固為矽藻土化纖維之材料射流的新穎方法生產物品及物品組件,矽藻土化纖維可為超細矽藻土化纖維,且在其被收集時形成二維或三維網狀物。本發明目標亦關於用於收集例如適用於形成本發明目標亦關於用於收集例如適用於形成紗之一般平行股線之聚結物中的任何規模之矽藻土化纖維之系統及方法。 The application PCT/US2014/045484, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety in the in the in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in in . In some aspects, the subject matter of the present invention relates to the production of articles and article assemblies using novel methods for forming a jet of material solidified into diatomaceous earth fibers, which may be ultrafine diatomaceous earth fibers. And a two-dimensional or three-dimensional network is formed as it is collected. The object of the present invention is also directed to systems and methods for collecting, for example, diatomaceous earth fibers of any size suitable for use in forming the objects of the present invention as well as for collecting agglomerates such as generally parallel strands suitable for forming yarns.
參考圖11至圖13及圖16至圖19,示意性地展示例示性基於紡絲頭之系統。在一個代表性實例中,該系統為用於生產矽藻土化纖維及將其收集成所要形式(例如定向股線或黏性網狀物,諸如膜或墊)之壓力紡絲系統。然而,本文所揭示之原理一般將適用於基於可流動聚合物材料之噴射之其他系統,諸如本文前面所描述之彼等系統。 An exemplary spinneret-based system is schematically illustrated with reference to Figures 11-13 and 16-19. In a representative example, the system is a pressure spinning system for producing diatomaceous earth fibers and collecting them in a desired form, such as oriented strands or viscous webs, such as films or mats. However, the principles disclosed herein will generally be applicable to other systems based on the injection of flowable polymeric materials, such as those described herein above.
系統210包括流體耦接至流體或可流動材料之源的紡絲頭212,流體或可流動材料包括分散矽藻土粒子,可成形為矽藻土化纖維(『纖維成型材料』)。材料源可為不斷饋料紡絲頭之儲集器214。紡絲頭自身可包括隨著紡絲頭旋轉之具有分散矽藻土粒子之聚合物材料之儲集器。可流動材料可為熔融材料或材料溶液。紡絲頭機械耦接至以圓形運動旋轉紡絲頭之馬達(圖中未示)。在某些具體實例中,旋轉元件在約500RPM至約100,000 RPM範圍內旋轉。在某些具體實例中,在其期間噴射材料之旋轉為至少5,000RPM。在其他具體實例中,其為至少10,000RPM。在其他具體實例中,其為至少25,000RPM。在其他具體實例中,其為至少50,000RPM。在旋轉期間,所選材料,例如聚合物熔體或聚合物溶液,以材料射流215自紡絲頭上之一個或多個出口埠216噴射至周圍大氣中。向外徑向離心力在聚合物射流投射遠離出口埠時延伸聚合物射流,且射流由於旋轉依賴慣性沿捲曲軌跡行進。咸信擠出之聚合物射流215之拉伸在減小自噴嘴至收集器之距離內的射流直徑中為重要的。預期噴射材料在其達到收集器之時間凝固成矽藻土化纖維。該系統包括用於以所需方式收集纖維之收集器218。舉例而言,纖維可自紡絲頭噴射至安置於紡絲頭下方之表面上或自紡絲頭上之出口埠跨越之壁上。收集表面可為靜態或可移動的。為形成纖維材料之薄片或墊220,表面可為平坦表面。平坦表面可為靜態或可移動的。 System 210 includes a spinneret 212 fluidly coupled to a source of fluid or flowable material, the fluid or flowable material comprising dispersed diatomaceous earth particles, which may be formed into diatomaceous earth fibers ("fiber forming materials"). The material source can be a reservoir 214 that continuously feeds the spinneret. The spinneret itself may comprise a reservoir of polymeric material having dispersed diatomaceous earth particles as the spinneret rotates. The flowable material can be a molten material or a solution of material. The spinneret is mechanically coupled to a motor (not shown) that rotates the spinneret in a circular motion. In some embodiments, the rotating element is between about 500 RPM and about 100,000 Rotate within the RPM range. In some embodiments, the rotation of the spray material during it is at least 5,000 RPM. In other embodiments, it is at least 10,000 RPM. In other embodiments, it is at least 25,000 RPM. In other embodiments, it is at least 50,000 RPM. During rotation, a selected material, such as a polymer melt or polymer solution, is sprayed from material jet 215 from one or more outlet ports 216 on the spinneret into the surrounding atmosphere. The outward radial centrifugal force extends the polymer jet as the polymer jet projects away from the exit weir, and the jet travels along the curling trajectory due to rotation-dependent inertia. The stretching of the extruded polymer jet 215 is important in reducing the jet diameter within the distance from the nozzle to the collector. The blasting material is expected to solidify into diatomaceous earth fibers as it reaches the collector. The system includes a collector 218 for collecting fibers in a desired manner. For example, the fibers can be sprayed from the spinneret onto a surface disposed beneath the spinneret or from the wall of the spinneret. The collection surface can be static or mobile. To form a sheet or mat 220 of fibrous material, the surface can be a flat surface. The flat surface can be static or movable.
可移動平坦表面可為將纖維材料饋入滾筒或其他處理系統中之連續帶系統之一部分。另一處理系統可為用於將其他材料層壓或沈積至使用壓力紡絲系統或用於生產超細纖維之片化材料的其他系統產生之薄片材料上之直列式層壓或材料沈積系統。在其他具體實例中,平坦表面可支撐其上沈積纖維之另一材料層。舉例而言,其上沈積矽藻土化纖維之材料層可為最終產品(諸如服裝物件)之複合組件層之內層或外層。 The movable flat surface can be part of a continuous belt system that feeds the fibrous material into a drum or other processing system. Another processing system can be an in-line lamination or material deposition system for laminating or depositing other materials onto sheet materials produced using other systems of pressure spinning systems or sheeting materials for producing microfibers. In other embodiments, a flat surface can support another layer of material on which the fibers are deposited. For example, the layer of material on which the diatomaceous earth fibers are deposited may be the inner or outer layer of the composite component layer of the final product, such as a garment article.
在某些具體實例中,收集表面為最終產品之3D物件(諸如模具)或3D組件。圖11至圖12示意性地展示最終產品鞋子或手套之3D物件27、28之實例。圖5示意性地展示呈具有纖維延伸部分1之羽絨222形式之3D物件,其可被仿製,如下文更詳細論述。為將纖維導向所需收集 表面(「收集器」),纖維導引系統可構成壓力紡絲系統之一部分。舉例而言,定向系統可經組態以自所需收集器上方提供空氣及/或下方提供真空以將纖維導向收集器。 In some embodiments, the collection surface is a 3D object (such as a mold) or a 3D component of the final product. Figures 11 through 12 schematically illustrate examples of 3D articles 27, 28 of a final product shoe or glove. Fig. 5 schematically shows a 3D article in the form of a down 222 having a fiber extension 1 that can be replicated, as discussed in more detail below. To guide the fibers to the desired collection The surface ("collector"), the fiber guiding system, forms part of the pressure spinning system. For example, the orientation system can be configured to provide air from above the desired collector and/or provide a vacuum underneath to direct the fibers to the collector.
在矽藻土化纖維彼此置放時,在交叉點製得接觸點,且隔膜組分黏合在一起。若需要接觸點之網狀黏合,其可經由若需要接觸點之網狀黏合,其可經由施加熱量(熱黏合)、熱量與壓力及/或化學黏合來完成。壓力紡絲系統可包括加熱元件、壓力施加器及用於實現該黏合之化學黏合單元。 When the diatomaceous earth fibers are placed with each other, contact points are made at the intersections, and the separator components are bonded together. If a mesh bond of the contact points is desired, it can be accomplished via a web bond that requires contact points, which can be accomplished by applying heat (thermal bonding), heat and pressure, and/or chemical bonding. The pressure spinning system can include a heating element, a pressure applicator, and a chemical bonding unit for effecting the bonding.
根據本發明主題,纖維成型聚合物之紡絲可用於使用紡絲頭孔大小、孔幾何形狀及組態之組合來提供矽藻土化或習知纖維之多個層。 In accordance with the inventive subject matter, spinning of a fiber-forming polymer can be used to provide a plurality of layers of diatomaceous earth or conventional fibers using a combination of spinneret hole size, pore geometry, and configuration.
其他矽藻土化纖維可製成為具有呈圓、未摺疊圓(亦即,基本上圓形纖維、中心為中空,亦即壓縮成橢圓)或平帶形式之不同截面。另外,不同紡絲頭可包括於壓力紡絲系統中,導致不同纖維直徑或摻合物。舉例而言,系統中之多個紡絲頭可在紡絲期間產生纖維摻合物。紡絲頭亦可經組態具有可產生芯鞘結構之出口埠。或者,單個紡絲頭具有多個出口埠,各耦接至不同的可流動儲集器,纖維成型材料可產生矽藻土化纖維與習知纖維之摻合物。 Other diatomaceous earth fibers can be made to have different cross sections in the form of round, unfolded circles (i.e., substantially circular fibers, hollow at the center, i.e., compressed into an ellipse) or in the form of a flat strip. Additionally, different spinnerets can be included in the pressure spinning system resulting in different fiber diameters or blends. For example, multiple spinnerets in a system can produce a fiber blend during spinning. The spinneret can also be configured with an exit port that produces a core-sheath structure. Alternatively, a single spinneret has a plurality of outlet ports, each coupled to a different flowable reservoir, and the fiber forming material can produce a blend of diatomaceous earth fibers and conventional fibers.
類似地,矽藻土化纖維特性可藉由在旋轉器件上提供具有不同所選直徑之不同出口埠來控制。本發明主題涵蓋在約1微米至約1000微米之間的一系列出口埠直徑。若需要相對較高直徑纖維,則亦涵蓋較大直徑。通向出口埠之通道或過道典型地將具有直管道(straight run)。其可長達1-3毫米。 Similarly, the properties of the diatomaceous earth fibers can be controlled by providing different outlet ports having different selected diameters on the rotating device. The subject matter of the present invention encompasses a range of exit pupil diameters between about 1 micrometer and about 1000 micrometers. Larger diameters are also covered if relatively high diameter fibers are required. The passage or aisle leading to the exit raft will typically have a straight run. It can be up to 1-3 mm.
在給定系統中,出口埠之直徑及/或形狀或尺寸可為均勻的或其可改變。在一些具體實例中,出口埠形成為具有減小的朝向埠之錐度之預定長度噴嘴。出口埠及相關過道或通道可使用已知微研磨技術或待發現之技術形成。已知技術包括機械研磨、化學蝕刻及雷射鑽孔與切除。除超細纖維之外,根據本發明主題之壓力紡絲系統可用於產生標準織物大小(例如,50-150丹尼爾)之纖維。 In a given system, the diameter and/or shape or size of the exit weir may be uniform or may vary. In some embodiments, the exit weir is formed as a predetermined length of nozzle having a reduced taper toward the weir. The exit enthalpy and associated aisles or channels can be formed using known micro-grinding techniques or techniques to be discovered. Known techniques include mechanical grinding, chemical etching, and laser drilling and ablation. In addition to microfibers, pressure spinning systems in accordance with the subject matter of the present invention can be used to produce fibers of standard fabric size (e.g., 50-150 denier).
超細纖維或其他纖維可包括功能性添加劑,諸如(但不限於)抗微生物劑、金屬、阻燃劑及陶瓷。此等材料可連同纖維成型材料一起引入紡絲頭中。其可藉由例如氫鍵、離子鍵或凡得瓦爾力(van der Waals force)與該材料共價黏合。催化劑可包括於材料混合物中以促進任何該黏合。 The microfibers or other fibers may include functional additives such as, but not limited to, antimicrobial agents, metals, flame retardants, and ceramics. These materials can be introduced into the spinneret along with the fiber forming material. It can be covalently bonded to the material by, for example, hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, or van der Waals force. A catalyst can be included in the material mixture to promote any such bonding.
在任何情況下,對於上文所提及之最終產品,纖維墊(範圍為不同纖維大小,材料或摻合物)可分層在一起產生整個服裝複合材料或在3D物件之情況下整個最終產品,例如鞋子複合材料及手套。 In any case, for the final product mentioned above, fiber mats (ranging in different fiber sizes, materials or blends) can be layered together to produce the entire garment composite or in the case of 3D objects throughout the final product For example, shoe composites and gloves.
纖維成型材料可藉由熔融溫度選擇,以在壓力紡絲或其他噴射技術之後熱固化時提供最終的不同結構剛性最終產品。此對於需要比其他最終產品(諸如外套)相對更耐用之3D結構(諸如手套及鞋面)可為尤其重要。 The fiber forming material can be selected by the melting temperature to provide the final different structural rigid end product upon heat curing after pressure spinning or other spraying techniques. This can be especially important for 3D structures (such as gloves and uppers) that require relatively more durable than other end products, such as outerwear.
本發明主題涵蓋使用壓力紡絲產生矽藻土化纖維層或隔膜用於2L、2.5L及3L防水/可透氣產品中。舉例而言,矽藻土化層可鄰近於隔膜層以幫助經由隔膜傳輸水分。用作內襯面料,矽藻可吸收水分且將其直接轉移至隔膜以隨後經由膜轉移。鄰近於膜且鄰近於表層之矽藻亦可提供乾爽感且保持液體水分離開穿戴者。 The subject matter of the present invention contemplates the use of pressure spinning to produce a layer of diatomaceous earth fibers or membranes for use in 2L, 2.5L and 3L waterproof/breathable products. For example, the algae soil layer can be adjacent to the membrane layer to aid in transporting moisture through the membrane. Used as a lining fabric, the algae can absorb moisture and transfer it directly to the membrane for subsequent transfer through the membrane. Algae adjacent to the membrane and adjacent to the surface layer can also provide a dry feel and keep liquid moisture away from the wearer.
織物構築體或隔膜形成之後,其可或可不塗佈有保護膜來保護孔隙免受污染。視隔膜最終用途而定,纖維可視情況經疏油性組分擠壓以保護隔膜免受污垢及油之污染,或可在隔膜紡絲之後塗覆類似疏油性塗層。塗佈有疏油性塗層將不覆蓋隔膜中之孔隙或不利地影響透氣性或空氣滲透性,但將修改奈米纖維表面以便不吸引污垢及油且因此防止污染。熟習此項技術者將看見濕式固化製程以及蒸氣/電漿沈積製程應用為塗覆疏油性塗層或其他塗層至矽藻而不堵塞孔隙之方式的兩個實例。粒子在呈奈米級時呈現獨特特性。咸信奈米級矽藻且經奈米級疏水性修整面層處理,可呈現包括超疏水性之獨特特性。此等疏水性奈米級粒子在塗覆至面料表面時可產生類似於「蓮葉」效應之超疏水性,提供拒水性及自清潔性,如下文更詳細描述。 After the fabric construct or membrane is formed, it may or may not be coated with a protective film to protect the pores from contamination. Depending on the end use of the membrane, the fibers may optionally be extruded through an oleophobic component to protect the membrane from dirt and oil contamination, or an oleophobic coating may be applied after the membrane is spun. Coating with an oleophobic coating will not cover the pores in the membrane or adversely affect gas permeability or air permeability, but will modify the surface of the nanofiber so as not to attract dirt and oil and thus prevent contamination. Those skilled in the art will see two examples of the wet curing process and the vapor/plasma deposition process applied as a means of applying an oleophobic coating or other coating to the algae without clogging the pores. Particles exhibit unique properties when they are in the nanometer range. It is a unique characteristic that includes superhydrophobicity. It is treated with a nano-sized hydrophobic algae. These hydrophobic nano-sized particles, when applied to the surface of the fabric, produce superhydrophobicity similar to the "Lotus Leaf" effect, providing water repellency and self-cleaning properties, as described in more detail below.
矽藻土化膜或隔膜可直接紡絲至最終材料之所選面的面料上,或隔膜可紡絲至接觸紙上且隨後層壓至最終材料之所選面的面料上。直接沈積於面料或材料上或層壓在材料上之膜或隔膜亦可用於軟殼構造中。矽藻土化纖維之直徑影響膜或隔膜之孔隙大小。纖維之截面形態及纖維厚度影響纖維之表面積。增加纖維表面積可減小孔隙大小。減小纖維直徑為增加表面積/體積比之方式。因此,纖維直徑為控制厚度、耐用性及水蒸氣轉移之方式。厚度影響隔膜重量。總體而言,此等因素影響矽藻土化纖維膜或隔膜之透氣性及耐用性。根據本發明主題之矽藻土化纖維直徑可呈任何纖維生產大小,包括在奈米級範圍內。咸信本文所描述之一些防水可透氣隔膜應用之適合範圍為約100nm至約1000nm。孔隙大小影響空氣滲透性。因此,對於大多數應用而言,隔膜之空氣滲透性可使用前述大小 範圍內之奈米纖維控制。用於軟殼與防水可透氣應用以及其他可能應用之纖維成型材料包括PFTE分散液、聚胺基甲酸酯、耐綸、聚酯、生物類材料(例如該等纖維素材料、絲蛋白)及其他待發現之纖維成型材料(包括衍生自天然與合成來源之其他聚合物)。 The diatomaceous earth film or membrane can be directly spun onto the fabric of the selected side of the final material, or the membrane can be spun onto the contact paper and subsequently laminated to the fabric of the selected side of the final material. Films or membranes deposited directly onto the fabric or material or laminated to the material can also be used in soft shell construction. The diameter of the diatomized soil fibers affects the pore size of the membrane or membrane. The cross-sectional morphology of the fibers and the fiber thickness affect the surface area of the fibers. Increasing the fiber surface area reduces the pore size. Reducing the fiber diameter is a way to increase the surface area to volume ratio. Therefore, the fiber diameter is a means of controlling thickness, durability, and water vapor transfer. The thickness affects the weight of the diaphragm. In general, these factors affect the permeability and durability of the diatomaceous earth-reinforced fibrous membrane or membrane. The diameter of the diatomized soil fibers according to the subject matter of the present invention can be in any fiber production size, including in the nanometer range. Some of the waterproof gas permeable membranes described herein are suitable for use in the range of from about 100 nm to about 1000 nm. The pore size affects air permeability. Therefore, for most applications, the air permeability of the diaphragm can be used in the aforementioned sizes. Nanofiber control within the range. Fiber forming materials for soft shell and waterproof breathable applications and other possible applications include PFTE dispersions, polyurethanes, nylon, polyester, bio-based materials (eg, such cellulosic materials, silk proteins) and Other fiber forming materials to be discovered (including other polymers derived from natural and synthetic sources).
在某些具體實例中,可流動纖維成型材料可為兩種或多於兩種聚合物及/或兩種或多於兩種共聚物之混合物。在其他具體實例中,纖維成型材料聚合物可為一或多種聚合物及/或多種共聚物之混合物。在其他具體實例中,纖維成型材料可為一或多種合成聚合物與一或多種天然存在的聚合物之混合物。 In some embodiments, the flowable fiber forming material can be a mixture of two or more polymers and/or two or more copolymers. In other embodiments, the fiber forming material polymer can be a mixture of one or more polymers and/or copolymers. In other embodiments, the fiber forming material can be a mixture of one or more synthetic polymers and one or more naturally occurring polymers.
在根據本發明主題之一些具體實例中,纖維成型材料饋入儲集器中作為聚合物溶液,亦即,溶解於適當溶液中之聚合物。在此具體實例中,方法可進一步包含在聚合物饋入儲集器中之前將聚合物溶解於溶劑中。在其他具體實例中,聚合物饋入儲集器中作為聚合物熔體。在該具體實例中,儲集器在適用於熔融聚合物之溫度下加熱,例如在約100℃至約300℃之溫度下加熱。 In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, the fiber forming material is fed into the reservoir as a polymer solution, i.e., a polymer dissolved in a suitable solution. In this particular example, the method can further comprise dissolving the polymer in a solvent prior to feeding the polymer into the reservoir. In other embodiments, the polymer is fed into the reservoir as a polymer melt. In this particular example, the reservoir is heated at a temperature suitable for the molten polymer, such as at a temperature of from about 100 °C to about 300 °C.
在根據本發明主題之一些具體實例中,形成複數個微米、次微米或奈米尺寸之聚合矽藻土化纖維。複數個微米、次微米或奈米尺寸之聚合纖維可具有相同直徑或不同直徑。 In some embodiments according to the inventive subject matter, a plurality of polymeric diatomaceous earth fibers of a micron, submicron or nanometer size are formed. A plurality of micron, submicron or nanometer sized polymeric fibers can have the same diameter or different diameters.
在一些具體實例中,除習知纖維大小之外,本發明主題之方法導致微米、次微米或奈米尺寸之矽藻土化纖維之製造。舉例而言,咸信可能製造直徑(或非圓形形狀之類似截面尺寸)為以下各者之聚合纖維:約15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、 95、100、110、120、130、140、150、160、170、180、190、200、210、220、230、240、250、260、270、280、290、300、310、320、330、340、350、360、370、380、390、400、410、420、430、440、450、460、470、480、490、500、510、520、530、540、550、560、570、580、590、600、610、620、630、640、650、660、670、680、690、700、710、720、730、740、750、760、770、780、790、800、810、820、830、840、850、860、870、880、890、900、910、920、930、940、950、960、970、980、990、1000奈米或2、5、10、20、30、40或約50微米。所述直徑之中間大小及範圍亦為本發明主題之一部分。咸信壓力紡絲為產生前述超細矽藻土化纖維之一種可能技術。 In some embodiments, in addition to conventional fiber sizes, the methods of the present subject matter result in the manufacture of micron, sub-micron or nano-sized diatomaceous earth fibers. For example, it is possible to make polymeric fibers of a diameter (or a similar cross-sectional dimension of a non-circular shape) of the following: about 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 , 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590, 600, 610, 620, 630, 640, 650, 660, 670, 680, 690, 700, 710, 720, 730, 740, 750, 760, 770, 780, 790, 800, 810, 820, 830, 840, 850, 860, 870, 880, 890, 900, 910, 920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 990, 1000 nm or 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 or about 50 Micron. The intermediate size and extent of the diameter are also part of the subject matter of the present invention. Yanxin pressure spinning is one of the possible techniques for producing the aforementioned ultrafine diatomized soil fibers.
紗形成 Yarn formation
產生纖維之後,將纖維製成紗。對於合成纖維,存在兩種類型之紗:長絲紗與短纖紗。長絲紗由聚結在一起的許多超長纖維組成且典型地以縱軸彼此平行定向。長絲為已被擠出之單一連續纖維。長絲可連同個別纖維以一般平行定向集合或聚結一起。隨後將集合纖維束加撚以產生較厚且較強紗。面料使用複絲與單絲。 After the fibers are produced, the fibers are made into yarn. For synthetic fibers, there are two types of yarn: filament yarn and spun yarn. Filament yarns are composed of a plurality of ultra-long fibers that are coalesced together and are typically oriented parallel to each other with a longitudinal axis. Filament is a single continuous fiber that has been extruded. The filaments may be gathered or coalesced together with individual fibers in a generally parallel orientation. The aggregate fiber bundle is then twisted to produce a thicker and stronger yarn. The fabric uses multifilament and monofilament.
合成短纖紗係使用切斷纖維產生。切斷纖維為約0.75吋至18吋長之短纖維。不包括絲,天然纖維為切斷纖維。為產生合成切斷纖維,將纖維擠壓、牽伸且拉緊或捲曲,且隨後切成切段纖維長度。此等切斷纖維隨後被緊箍以便後續加工成編織、針織或非編織面料。切斷纖維隨後合併在一起且紡絲產生由數千短長絲組成之紗。此等短纖紗以與產生棉紗或羊毛紗大大相同之方式產生。 Synthetic spun yarns are produced using staple fibers. The staple fibers are staple fibers having a length of from about 0.75 to about 18 inches. Silk is not included, and natural fibers are cut fibers. To produce a synthetic staple fiber, the fiber is extruded, drawn and tensioned or crimped, and then cut into staple fiber lengths. These staple fibers are then tightened for subsequent processing into a woven, knitted or non-woven fabric. The staple fibers are then combined and spun to produce a yarn consisting of thousands of short filaments. These spun yarns are produced in much the same way as cotton or wool yarns are produced.
梳理為解開、清潔及定向纖維成用於紡紗之連續網狀物之機 械過程。該過程使未組織起來的纖維凝塊破碎且對準類似長度之纖維。天然纖維,諸如羊毛及棉,通常呈不同纖維長度之纏結纖維之凝塊。粗梳此等凝塊且精梳成類似長度之平行對準切斷纖維。隨後將此等切斷纖維紡成紗用於編織與針織面料。 Carding to unwind, clean and orient fibers into a continuous web for spinning Mechanical process. This process breaks up unstructured fiber clots and aligns fibers of similar length. Natural fibers, such as wool and cotton, are typically clots of entangled fibers of varying fiber lengths. The clots are carded and combed into parallel lengths of similar length to cut the fibers. These cut fibers are then spun into yarns for weaving and knitting fabrics.
在棉束之情況下,基本粗梳過程包括:打開一束成個別纖維,移除雜質,基於長度選擇纖維(移除最短者),移除絨毛,以平行方式定向纖維,且拉伸纖維,將棉捲轉化成棉條,導致常規質量之無撚纖維。棉條為用於紡紗之所產生纖維之長束。所有關於成紗之前述論述適用於由矽藻土化長絲形成之紗。 In the case of a cotton tuft, the basic carding process includes: opening a bundle into individual fibers, removing impurities, selecting fibers based on length (removing the shortest), removing fluff, orienting the fibers in a parallel manner, and stretching the fibers, Converting the lap into a sliver results in a conventional quality flawless fiber. The sliver is a long bundle of fibers produced for spinning. All of the foregoing statements regarding yarn formation apply to yarns formed from diatomized earth filaments.
切斷纖維 Cutting fiber
如上文所指出,纖維可切割且粗梳為切斷纖維。有可能改變紡絲頭大小,增加或減小孔直徑,以牽伸長的較大直徑大小之纖維。舉例而言,範圍為例如1丹尼爾至300丹尼爾或大約值之丹尼爾涵蓋於壓力紡絲方法。給定紡絲頭可具有一個或多個全部為相同大小之孔。或其對於複數個纖維丹尼爾或組態可具有複數個不同直徑或組態之孔。 As indicated above, the fibers can be cut and carded to cut fibers. It is possible to change the size of the spinneret and increase or decrease the diameter of the pores to stretch the larger diameter fibers. For example, a range of, for example, 1 denier to 300 denier or an approximate value of Daniel is covered by the pressure spinning process. A given spinneret can have one or more holes that are all the same size. Or it may have a plurality of holes of different diameters or configurations for a plurality of fiber deniers or configurations.
由1D-300D範圍內之纖維組成之纖維墊可類似於天然纖維(如棉及羊毛)束之纖維墊起作用。咸信,使用本文所揭示及所涵蓋之新穎系統,長的連續壓力紡絲纖維之鬆散封裝墊或棉絮可使用用於天然纖維之相同製程加工成切斷纖維。羊毛、棉、黃麻等可對於精梳機與粗梳機使用不同機制。因此,存在多種可用選項將紡絲纖維墊分離成所要長度之切斷纖維。 Fiber mats composed of fibers in the range 1D-300D can function similar to fiber mats of natural fiber (e.g., cotton and wool) bundles. It is believed that, with the novel systems disclosed and encompassed herein, loose packing mats or batt of long continuous pressure spun fibers can be processed into staple fibers using the same process for natural fibers. Wool, cotton, jute, etc. can use different mechanisms for the comber and the carding machine. Thus, there are a number of options available to separate the spun fiber mat into staple fibers of the desired length.
自壓力紡絲產生切斷纖維有利地使用極少能量。長連續長絲 以一般平行定向聚結,且其可易於切割且粗梳以產生均勻切斷纖維。習知製程受纖維大小限制。另外,如本文所揭示,壓力紡絲提供能力由多種原材料生產纖維。相比之下,習知製程具有有限能力來有效生產多種天然、合成及生物類纖維。舉例而言,聚酯可以長連續長絲(如漁線)形式擠出。此等長絲可用作為或切割成切斷纖維。對於壓力紡絲,與電紡絲相比纖維相對較長,且墊可隨後切割且粗梳,如切斷纖維。纖維墊表示未定向之切斷纖維之棉束。然而,預期隨著紡絲頭之孔大小增至50及高於50之纖維丹尼爾,纖維強度增加。因為此,擠出纖維之長度可增加。預期諸如旋轉速度、孔大小及溶液熔體之參數可適合於所要結果而無需過度實驗。在任何情況下,亦即,奈米纖維壓力紡絲為大丹尼爾纖維,粗梳且切割成切斷纖維將遵循類似方法。 The use of cut fibers from pressure spinning advantageously uses very little energy. Long continuous filament The coalescence is in a generally parallel orientation and it can be easily cut and carded to produce a uniform cut of the fibers. Conventional processes are limited by fiber size. Additionally, as disclosed herein, pressure spinning provides the ability to produce fibers from a variety of raw materials. In contrast, conventional processes have limited capabilities to efficiently produce a variety of natural, synthetic, and bio-fibers. For example, the polyester can be extruded in the form of long continuous filaments, such as fishing lines. These filaments can be used or cut into staple fibers. For pressure spinning, the fibers are relatively long compared to electrospinning, and the mat can be subsequently cut and carded, such as stapled fibers. The fiber mat represents a bundle of unoriented cut fibers. However, it is expected that the fiber strength increases as the pore size of the spinneret increases to 50 and fiber deniers above 50. Because of this, the length of the extruded fibers can be increased. Parameters such as rotational speed, pore size, and solution melt are expected to be suitable for the desired result without undue experimentation. In any case, i.e., nanofiber compression spinning is a large denier fiber, a similar method is followed by carding and cutting into staple fibers.
壓力紡絲連續長絲纖維 Pressure-spun continuous filament fiber
自奈米級至較大直徑,本發明主題係關於由壓力紡絲纖維或其他噴射技術生產更長更連續矽藻土化長絲。使用壓力紡絲作為一代表性實例,1丹尼爾至300丹尼爾或大約值之相對較大纖維直徑,以及本文所揭示之其他丹尼爾或直徑。長絲拉伸強度隨著纖維直徑增加而增加。 From nanometer scale to larger diameter, the subject matter of the present invention relates to the production of longer and more continuous algae-derived filaments from pressure spun fibers or other jetting techniques. Pressure spinning is used as a representative example, from 1 denier to 300 denier or approximately the relatively large fiber diameter, as well as other denier or diameters disclosed herein. The tensile strength of the filament increases as the fiber diameter increases.
在傳統擠壓方法中,本文所揭示之壓力紡絲方法有利地減少牽伸及定向纖維所需的加熱鼓輪及張力器件之量,因為壓力紡絲自然定向纖維。傳統的纖維牽伸與定向及擠壓可能需要高達3層高度之空間。壓力紡絲為單個小尺寸安靜裝置,且需要極少能量。在一些纖維之情況下,要求可為包括加熱器及張力器件。此亦設想且可包括在收集器與紡絲頭之間的位置或後加工。然而,設想後加工呈比當前製造之要求小的規模。類似 於奈米纖維墊,較大纖維壓力紡絲墊可直接自墊加撚成紗。此加撚引起類似於自切斷纖維紡紗之纏結。若需要較高程度之纖維定向,則墊可如先前所描述進行粗梳。 In conventional extrusion processes, the pressure spinning process disclosed herein advantageously reduces the amount of heated drum and tensioning devices required to draft and orient the fibers because pressure spinning naturally orients the fibers. Conventional fiber drawing and orientation and extrusion may require up to 3 levels of space. Pressure spinning is a single small size quiet device and requires very little energy. In the case of some fibers, the requirements may include heaters and tensioning devices. This is also contemplated and may include position or post processing between the collector and the spinneret. However, it is envisaged that the post-processing will be smaller than the current manufacturing requirements. similar In the nanofiber mat, the larger fiber pressure spinning mat can be directly twisted into a yarn. This twisting causes entanglement similar to self-cutting fiber spinning. If a higher degree of fiber orientation is desired, the mat can be carded as previously described.
圖11至圖21展示壓力紡絲或具有收集矽藻土化或其他長絲或纖維且將其纏繞為連續長絲或纖維之纖維收集系統之其他噴射擠壓系統之替代具體實例。(系統元件不意謂用於概念說明且不意謂為按比例)。隨著纖維成型材料之射流215離開紡絲頭之孔且離心力牽伸長絲或纖維,且其對準纖維且藉由在纖維內定向聚合物鏈來提供強度。此類似於本文所揭示之其他噴射擠壓方法。舉例而言,射流可包括選自聚酯、耐綸、天然纖維(例如,纖維素)、生物類(天然衍生、合成)纖維、生物組分纖維與獨特截面(芯鞘)纖維之摻合物之群的材料及本文所揭示或所涵蓋之任何其他材料。纖維成型材料可包括分散粒子以例如提高纖維效能或電導率。任何纖維成型材料可使用無數收集方法收集為連續長絲。下文概述幾個代表性方法。然而,此等實施例不意謂為詳盡清單。熟習此項技術者將自本文中之教示認識到,可採用多種技術及裝置來收集矽藻土化纖維。 11 through 21 show alternative examples of pressure jet spinning or other jet extrusion systems having a fiber collection system that collects diatomaceous earth or other filaments or fibers and winds them into continuous filaments or fibers. (System components are not meant to be used for conceptual description and are not intended to be to scale). As the jet 215 of the fiber forming material exits the orifice of the spinneret and centrifugally stretches the filament or fiber, and it aligns the fibers and provides strength by orienting the polymer chains within the fibers. This is similar to other jet extrusion methods disclosed herein. For example, the jet may comprise a blend of fibers selected from the group consisting of polyester, nylon, natural fibers (eg, cellulose), biological (naturally derived, synthetic) fibers, biocomponent fibers, and unique cross-section (core sheath) fibers. The materials of the group and any other materials disclosed or covered herein. The fiber forming material can include dispersed particles to, for example, increase fiber efficiency or electrical conductivity. Any fiber forming material can be collected as continuous filaments using a myriad of collection methods. Several representative methods are outlined below. However, such embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive. Those skilled in the art will recognize from the teachings herein that a variety of techniques and devices can be employed to collect the diatomized soil fibers.
使用在離心力下噴射材料之射流或流之紡絲頭提供與棉花糖生產之類似性。如本文所用,「流」或「射流」意謂呈任何狀態(例如,液體、軟化或固體)之材料之纖維或絲狀流。材料之固體流之一實例將為牽拉至線軸或自線軸牽拉之移動紗。如本文所用,「結構」或「股線」在纖維之情形下意謂固相纖維或絲狀材料。在本文所涵蓋之處理步驟中,結構或股線可以動態存在,如呈串流狀態,或其可以靜態存在。 Spinning heads that use jets or streams of material under centrifugal force provide similarities to cotton candy production. As used herein, "flow" or "jet" means a fiber or filamentary stream of material in any state (eg, liquid, softened or solid). An example of a solids flow of material will be a moving yarn that is pulled to the spool or pulled from the spool. As used herein, "structure" or "strand" means a solid phase fiber or a filamentary material in the context of a fiber. In the processing steps covered herein, the structure or strand may exist dynamically, such as in a streaming state, or it may exist statically.
在棉花糖製造機中,棉花糖纖維之股線藉由使自收集器中居 中之紡絲頭離開的液體紡絲來形成。其中紡絲頭居中之收集器基本上為圓形碗。股線收集於收集器之周圍垂直壁。絡紗機,其為細長物件,例如紙盆,隨後以沿收集器壁之圓形路徑移動,其中絡紗機之縱軸定向為與收集器之壁平行。在絡紗機圍繞壁時,其拉掉沈積於壁上之纖維股線。在絡紗機沿壁圍繞時,其亦圍繞其縱軸旋轉。此額外旋轉使纖維圍繞絡紗機捲繞,圍繞絡紗機產生纖維股線之均勻沈積。在棉花糖之情況下,纖維為弱、短、黏性的,且在無張力之情況下捲繞。因此,該方法不意欲在需要纖維之緊密纏繞時或在纖維不為黏性且易於自其上沈積纖維之壁吸引至絡紗機時使用。此外,棉花糖製造機方法未提供如何將所收集的纖維之墊捲繞成連續絲狀形式以較佳但不一定在一定張力下實現緊密捲繞與纏繞之問題的解決方案。 In the marshmallow manufacturing machine, the strand of cotton candy fiber is made by self-collecting The spinning of the spinning head is formed by liquid spinning. The collector in which the spinneret is centered is substantially a circular bowl. The strands are collected in a vertical wall around the collector. A winder, which is an elongated article, such as a paper cone, is then moved in a circular path along the collector wall, wherein the longitudinal axis of the winder is oriented parallel to the wall of the collector. As the winder surrounds the wall, it pulls the fiber strands deposited on the wall. As the winder is wrapped around the wall, it also rotates about its longitudinal axis. This additional rotation causes the fibers to be wound around the winder to produce a uniform deposition of the fiber strands around the winder. In the case of marshmallows, the fibers are weak, short, viscous and are wound without tension. Therefore, the method is not intended to be used when a tight winding of the fibers is required or when the fibers are not viscous and the walls from which the fibers are deposited are attracted to the winder. Moreover, the marshmallow manufacturing machine process does not provide a solution to how to wind the mat of collected fibers into a continuous filament form to better, but not necessarily achieve, the problem of tight winding and entanglement under a certain tension.
在以下實施例中,揭示與欲用於織物應用之連續纖維之壓力紡絲或其他紡絲技術一起使用之收集與纏繞方法。本發明主題克服簡單棉花糖製造機方法之不足,其不有關於可能在一定張力下將棉花糖墊還原成冗長絲狀形式。 In the following examples, a collection and winding process for use with pressure spinning or other spinning techniques for continuous fibers for fabric applications is disclosed. The subject matter of the present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the simple marshmallow manufacturing machine process, which is not related to the possibility of reducing the marshmallow pad to a wavy filament form under a certain tension.
圖18至圖23展示包括一個或多個收集器18、118、218、318、418、518及618,各具有接收來自紡絲頭的串流材料之表面之收集系統之實例。根據本發明主題,收集器318可與紡絲頭之紡絲孔216相關聯且與紡絲頭之紡絲孔216協調旋轉。或者,固定非軌道收集器可固定及位於紡絲系統之紡絲頭212之幾何中心下方。協調收集器與紡絲頭之相對紡絲速率,使得絲狀纖維215在以下張力範圍內纏繞至收集器上:(1)實現所要緊密性狀態而無需將纖維應變成斷裂或變形狀態;及(2)避免在所形成之長絲或 成型長絲纏繞時其流滯緩,以免所形成之長絲或成型長絲繞轉及斷裂或變形。除收集器之外,收集系統還可包括其他組件,諸如紡絲頭與收集器之間或隨後纖維之後加工中的加熱器及滾筒,以幫助管理張力及流或長絲定向。收集系統將自然包括其他組件(圖中未示),諸如驅動收集器或其他組件之電動馬達,測定紡絲組件之旋轉速率或自噴射出口埠之流動速率或量測材料或組件之應變或負荷之感測器或暫存器。該系統亦可包括手動及/或電腦控制件,例如微處理器及具有儲存程式之記憶體,用於管理正在形成或已形成之長絲的紡絲及應變或負荷之相對速率的比率。 18 through 23 show examples of collection systems including one or more collectors 18, 118, 218, 318, 418, 518, and 618, each having a surface that receives a stream of material from a spinneret. In accordance with the inventive subject matter, the collector 318 can be associated with the spinning orifice 216 of the spinneret and rotate in unison with the spinning orifice 216 of the spinneret. Alternatively, the fixed non-track collector can be secured and positioned below the geometric center of the spinning head 212 of the spinning system. Coordinating the relative spinning rate of the collector and the spinneret such that the filamentary fibers 215 are wound onto the collector within the following range of tension: (1) achieving the desired tightness state without the need to break the fiber into a fractured or deformed state; 2) Avoid the filaments formed or When the formed filament is wound, the flow is slow, so as to prevent the formed filament or the formed filament from being wound and broken or deformed. In addition to the collector, the collection system may also include other components, such as heaters and rollers between the spinneret and the collector or subsequent fiber processing to help manage tension and flow or filament orientation. The collection system will naturally include other components (not shown), such as an electric motor that drives the collector or other components, determining the rate of rotation of the spin pack or the flow rate from the jet outlet or measuring the strain or load of the material or component. Sensor or register. The system may also include manual and/or computer controls, such as a microprocessor and memory with stored programs for managing the ratio of the spinning and strain or load relative rates of the filaments being formed or formed.
圖18至圖19為自給定紡絲頭擠出的矽藻土化纖維材料及/或其他纖維材料之流的一個可能收集系統之側面與頂部示意圖。在此情況下,收集器318,例如轉筒或圓筒,以距紡絲頭之出口埠或埠(可安置於紡絲頭上或沿紡絲頭之圓周安置)向外一定距離圍繞紡絲頭以軌道形式旋轉。收集器與紡絲頭充分隔開以便允許適當擠壓及經由旋轉離心力之長絲或纖維牽伸。藉由出口埠大小及所產生纖維之直徑來測定收集器距出口埠之徑向與線性距離。此係因為纖維成型材料之噴射需要一定距離之慣性牽伸來在成型纖維內適當定向聚合物鏈。要考慮的其他參數為擠出材料之特性。舉例而言,溶液黏度及纖維內之聚合物鏈對準為影響使用慣性力之纖維的可延伸距離之因素。減少纖維之繞轉效果以及由旋轉收集器所引起之渦流亦為要考慮的因素。熟習此項技術者可考慮且憑經驗處理任何前述因素而無需過度實驗。從而,如下文所論述,收集器與紡絲頭之適當間距以及收集器與紡絲頭之相對旋轉速率可憑經驗或以其他方式測定。 Figures 18 through 19 are schematic side and top views of a possible collection system for the flow of diatomaceous earth-forming fibrous material and/or other fibrous materials extruded from a given spinneret. In this case, a collector 318, such as a drum or cylinder, surrounds the spinneret at a distance from the exit or the cymbal of the spinneret (which can be placed on the spinneret or along the circumference of the spinneret). Rotate in the form of a track. The collector is sufficiently spaced from the spinneret to allow proper extrusion and drafting of the filaments or fibers via a rotating centrifugal force. The radial and linear distance of the collector from the exit weir is determined by the size of the exit weir and the diameter of the fibers produced. This is because the injection of the fiber forming material requires a certain distance of inertial drafting to properly orient the polymer chain within the shaped fibers. Other parameters to consider are the properties of the extruded material. For example, the viscosity of the solution and the alignment of the polymer chains within the fibers are factors that affect the extendable distance of the fibers using inertial forces. Reducing the effect of the winding of the fibers and the eddy currents caused by the rotating collector are also factors to be considered. Any of the foregoing factors may be considered and experienced by those skilled in the art without undue experimentation. Thus, as discussed below, the proper spacing of the collector from the spinneret and the relative rate of rotation of the collector to the spinneret can be determined empirically or otherwise.
參考圖18至圖19之系統,收集器318與紡絲頭212之外部 圓周遠距離隔開且繞紡絲頭軌道運行。收集器在其繞紡絲頭軌道運行時同時圍繞其自身縱軸旋轉。收集器之旋轉軸與紡絲頭之旋轉軸平行。收集器之軸向旋轉使纖維215緊密捲繞至收集器且圍繞收集器聚結,長絲或纖維定向為大體平行於彼此。在此實施例中,旋轉紡絲頭及收集器可在相同平面或平行於紡絲頭之平面中相對於彼此移動。在此實施例中,收集器繞固定紡絲頭軌道運行(除軸向旋轉以外)。或者,紡絲頭可繞收集器(其可為固定的)軌道運行。任一軌道配置允許通過軌道之均勻纖維捲繞距離。收集器旋轉之速率(轉/分鐘)可根據特定長絲或纖維材料及直徑來計算或測定。收集器圍繞其自身軸旋轉在纖維材料之捲繞中產生張力。纖維強度將決定圍繞收集器適當捲繞長絲或纖維之捲繞所需的張力量。若收集器之轉/分鐘太快,超出纖維或長絲之拉伸強度,則可發生纖維之斷裂。若轉/分鐘太慢,則長絲或纖維可能繞轉。此可在長絲或纖維中造成弱點或其可使長絲或纖維斷裂。如上文所指出,收集條件可在材料之間變化但可憑經驗建立。熟習此項技術者應理解,將纖維導引至捲繞收集器上所需之機制有許多,且涵蓋所有該等機制,即使本文未明確揭示。轉/分鐘藉由長絲或纖維起始速度等於自紡絲頭之出口埠慣性延伸之鬆弛校準的旋轉收集器可藉由其他系統而不僅圖18至圖19之系統實現。 Referring to the system of Figures 18-19, the collector 318 is external to the spinneret 212 The circumference is spaced apart and runs around the spinneret track. The collector rotates about its own longitudinal axis while it is running around the spinneret track. The rotating shaft of the collector is parallel to the axis of rotation of the spinning head. The axial rotation of the collector causes the fibers 215 to be tightly wound to the collector and coalesced around the collector, the filaments or fibers being oriented generally parallel to each other. In this embodiment, the rotary spinneret and collector can be moved relative to one another in the same plane or in a plane parallel to the spinneret. In this embodiment, the collector operates around a fixed spinner head track (other than axial rotation). Alternatively, the spinneret can be orbited around a collector (which can be fixed). Any track configuration allows a uniform fiber winding distance through the track. The rate of rotation of the collector (rpm) can be calculated or determined based on the particular filament or fiber material and diameter. The collector rotates about its own axis to create tension in the winding of the fibrous material. The fiber strength will determine the amount of tension required to properly wind the filaments or fibers around the collector. If the run/minute of the collector is too fast and exceeds the tensile strength of the fibers or filaments, fiber breakage can occur. If the revolution/minute is too slow, the filaments or fibers may be rotated. This can cause weakness in the filaments or fibers or it can break filaments or fibers. As indicated above, the collection conditions can vary from material to material but can be established empirically. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms required to direct the fibers onto the winding collector are numerous and encompass all such mechanisms, even if not explicitly disclosed herein. The revolutions of the spin/minute by the relaxation of the filament or fiber starting speed equal to the inertial extension of the exit from the spinneret can be achieved by other systems than the systems of Figures 18-19.
雖然紡絲頭可以相同方向定向纖維,但定向空氣或其他氣流可用於導引自紡絲頭或甚至固定擠壓器件擠出之材料流。導引氣流之機制包括正壓與負壓系統,例如風扇、真空及加壓氣體源。氣流可以相對於材料流之任何所要角度導引以便將流重導引至所需路徑及定向。舉例而言,材料流可導引至連續帶上。在此具體實例及任何其他具體實例中,可移動 平坦表面可為將纖維材料饋入滾筒或絡紗機或其他加工系統中之連續帶系統之一部分。 While the spinneret can orient the fibers in the same direction, directional air or other gas streams can be used to direct the flow of material extruded from the spinneret or even the stationary extrusion device. Mechanisms for directing airflow include positive and negative pressure systems such as fans, vacuum, and pressurized gas sources. The gas flow can be directed at any desired angle relative to the material flow to redirect the flow to the desired path and orientation. For example, the material flow can be directed onto a continuous belt. In this specific example and any other specific examples, movable The flat surface can be part of a continuous belt system that feeds the fibrous material into a drum or winder or other processing system.
鞋類及其他應用之矽藻土化構築體 Algae soil structure for footwear and other applications
本發明主題亦關於矽藻土粒子在鞋底單元之外部接地表面中之用途。矽藻與鑽石(9)、花崗岩(7)及石英(7)相比具有在莫氏硬度計(Mohs scale)上大約7之硬度。因為此硬度,且因為其為相對非脆性,粒子可用於改良尤其光滑表面,諸如結冰地面或濕的船甲板、滑板、衝浪板等上之牽引。 The subject matter of the invention also relates to the use of diatomaceous earth particles in an external grounded surface of a sole unit. Alfalfa has a hardness of about 7 on a Mohs scale compared to diamond (9), granite (7) and quartz (7). Because of this hardness, and because it is relatively non-brittle, the particles can be used to improve traction on particularly smooth surfaces such as icy ground or wet ship decks, skateboards, surfboards, and the like.
如圖20中可見,通用鞋300一般具有鞋底單元310及緊固至鞋底單元之完全或部分圍封鞋面312。在體育運動與一些戶外鞋之情況下,「鞋底單元」一般可包括用於能量吸收及/或返回之中底;用於表面接觸及耐磨性及/或牽引之外底材料;或提供該等中底或外底功能之單個單元。鞋底單元亦可包括裝配在使用者腳與中底或其他鞋底組件之間的鞋內底(in-sole)。雖然鞋底單元將一般沿鞋子長度延伸,鞋底單元亦可包含延伸較小區域(諸如僅前腳或後腳部分)或較小長度或寬度之一些其他區域之單元。鞋底單元之面向腳的側具有腳平台部分。術語「腳平台部分(foot-platform portion)」如本文所用一般指由鞋底單元之上表面形成之支撐腳之鞋底單元之一部分。 As seen in Fig. 20, the universal shoe 300 generally has a sole unit 310 and a fully or partially enclosed upper 312 that is secured to the sole unit. In the case of sports and some outdoor shoes, the "sole unit" may generally comprise an energy absorbing and/or returning midsole; for surface contact and abrasion and/or traction of the outsole material; or providing A single unit that functions as a midsole or outsole. The sole unit may also include an in-sole that fits between the user's foot and the midsole or other sole assembly. While the sole unit will generally extend along the length of the shoe, the sole unit may also include units that extend a smaller area (such as only the forefoot or hindfoot portion) or some other area of smaller length or width. The foot-facing side of the sole unit has a foot platform portion. The term "foot-platform portion" as used herein generally refers to a portion of a sole unit that supports the foot formed by the upper surface of the sole unit.
在某些態樣中,本發明主題係關於具有如本文先前所描述之矽藻土粒子D嵌入或黏合至其底表面之鞋子。視待覆蓋的表面積之量及所用粒子之大小而定,可使用典型地至少100、1,000、10,000、100,000或1,000,000或大於1,000,000之該等粒子。視粒子晶粒大小及精細、中等及粗晶粒大小 之摻合而定,覆蓋率可稱為具有10%覆蓋率至100%覆蓋率、厚度為大約10微米至2mm之任何區域、腳趾、前腳、腳中段、腳跟。 In some aspects, the subject matter of the present invention pertains to shoes having diatomaceous earth particles D as previously described herein embedded or bonded to the bottom surface thereof. Depending on the amount of surface area to be covered and the size of the particles used, typically at least 100, 1,000, 10,000, 100,000 or 1,000,000 or more than 1,000,000 of such particles can be used. Depending on the particle size and the blend of fine, medium and coarse grain sizes, the coverage can be referred to as any area, toe, forefoot with a 10% coverage to 100% coverage and a thickness of approximately 10 microns to 2 mm. , middle of the foot, heel.
藉由使粒子在基礎外底材料之表面暴露,其在使用期間接合地面且增強牽引。藉由經由外底之正常磨損深度創造粒子層,粒子將在使用期間外底穿戴時繼續暴露。 By exposing the particles to the surface of the base outsole material, it engages the ground and enhances traction during use. By creating a layer of particles through the normal depth of wear of the outsole, the particles will continue to be exposed while the outsole is worn during use.
多種不同設計及材料可用於戶外鞋子之構造中。舉例而言,鞋子外底可由任何多種不同材料製成,該等材料包括橡膠狀材料(例如,固化天然橡膠、熱塑性橡膠(TPR)或任何其他合成橡膠)、合成皮革、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚胺基甲酸酯彈性體、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、任何其他塑膠材料及/或任何其他適合材料。戶外鞋子可具有至少¼吋厚、吋厚或½吋厚之外底。矽藻土粒子可經由外底厚度完全或部分分佈。舉例而言,其可經由僅1%、2%、3%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、90%、95%或完全至100%之外底厚度分佈於外底之給定部分中。在一些具體實例中,外底在僅外底之前腳及/或後腳部分中具有矽藻土化部分(圖21)。矽藻土化外底或其部分之厚度不必為均勻的且可能變化。舉例而言,外底可逐漸變窄,自外底之低磨損部分至高磨損部分變得更厚。作為一實例,腳中段部分可具有極小或無厚度之矽藻土粒子,而前腳及/或後腳可具有相對較高厚度之粒子。 A variety of different designs and materials can be used in the construction of outdoor shoes. For example, the shoe outsole can be made from any of a variety of different materials, including rubber-like materials (eg, cured natural rubber, thermoplastic rubber (TPR) or any other synthetic rubber), synthetic leather, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) ), polyurethane elastomer, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), any other plastic material and/or any other suitable material. Outdoor shoes can be at least 1⁄4 inch thick, Thick or 1⁄2吋 thick outsole. The diatomaceous earth particles may be completely or partially distributed through the thickness of the outsole. For example, it can be via only 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, The 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 90%, 95% or complete to 100% outsole thickness is distributed in a given portion of the outsole. In some embodiments, the outsole has a diatomaceous earth portion in the front and/or rear foot portions of only the outsole (Fig. 21). The thickness of the algae soiled outsole or portion thereof need not be uniform and may vary. For example, the outsole can be tapered gradually, from the low wear portion of the outsole to the high wear portion becoming thicker. As an example, the midfoot portion may have very small or no thickness diatomaceous earth particles, while the forefoot and/or hind foot may have relatively high thickness particles.
矽藻土粒子可分散於外底材料之原料中,隨後形成外底。原料可為顆粒、液體或熔體,如上文所論述與纖維結合。隨後可使用模製熱塑性或橡膠狀材料之各種已知技術將該原料模製或切割成外底形狀。該等技術包括例如射出成形或壓縮成形。矽藻土之分散體可藉由在一些成形階 段中摻合、捏合、壓製或以其他方式將矽藻土加工成原料或成形或部分成形外底或外底基材來產生。舉例而言,橡膠狀外底材料之薄片可熔融軟化且粒子加工成軟化材料。軟化材料將在冷卻後圍繞粒子融合。 The diatomaceous earth particles may be dispersed in the raw material of the outsole material, followed by formation of an outsole. The feedstock can be a granule, a liquid or a melt, as discussed above in combination with the fibers. The material can then be molded or cut into an outsole shape using various known techniques for molding thermoplastic or rubbery materials. Such techniques include, for example, injection molding or compression molding. The dispersion of diatomaceous earth can be obtained by some forming stages The blending, kneading, pressing or otherwise processing the diatomaceous earth into a raw material or forming or partially forming an outsole or an outsole substrate is produced. For example, a sheet of rubbery outsole material can be melt softened and the particles processed into a softening material. The softened material will fuse around the particles after cooling.
矽藻土化外底部分一般但不一定具有粒子之均質分佈。該部分可併入0.1wt%至5.0wt%或大於5.0wt%之矽藻土粒子。咸信,就外底之每一給定平方吋之覆蓋率而言,任何給定晶粒大小或晶粒大小組合之粒子將覆蓋每平方吋至少10%表面積至每平方吋100%面積。考慮到磨損,粒子應提供在10微米至2mm或大於2mm之深度下之覆蓋率。 The algae soiled outsole portion generally, but not necessarily, has a homogeneous distribution of particles. This portion may incorporate from 0.1 wt% to 5.0 wt% or more than 5.0 wt% of the diatomaceous earth particles. It is believed that for a given squared coverage of the outsole, any given grain size or combination of grain sizes will cover at least 10% surface area per square inch to 100% area per square inch. In view of wear, the particles should provide coverage at depths from 10 microns to 2 mm or greater than 2 mm.
砂可為石英、長石、礦物碎片、火山岩碎片、沈積岩碎片及變質岩碎片之組合,其中大部分為石英;SiO4礦物。在矽藻土中自然發現砂之所有要求及益處。自然發現矽藻土粒子呈不規則形狀。研磨矽藻土提供甚至更多不對稱性以提供更佳牽引控制。矽藻可處理為疏水性,將提高在濕潤條件下之牽引。 Sand can be a combination of quartz, feldspar, mineral fragments, volcanic rock fragments, sedimentary rock fragments and metamorphic rock fragments, most of which are quartz; SiO 4 minerals. All the requirements and benefits of sand are naturally found in the diatomaceous earth. It is naturally found that the diatomaceous earth particles have an irregular shape. Grinding diatomaceous earth provides even more asymmetry to provide better traction control. Algae can be treated as hydrophobic and will increase traction under wet conditions.
有利地,對於在濕潤、乾燥、結冰及多岩石條件下鞋類之牽引控制,矽藻土粒子為對當前砂與陶瓷選項提供更硬且更合乎需要的替代方案之天然材料。矽藻土粒子為80-90%二氧化矽,剩餘組成歸於黏土材料。另外,其為吸收其在水中重量之兩倍且仍具有乾燥矽藻土粒子之特徵的硬二氧化矽材料。另外,矽藻土粒子為高度多孔的且自然地出現不規則形狀。另外,其可耐受熱處理,可易於製成疏水性,且可研磨為精細晶粒大小以及粗糙大小。 Advantageously, for traction control of footwear under wet, dry, icy, and rocky conditions, the diatomaceous earth particles are natural materials that provide a harder and more desirable alternative to current sand and ceramic options. The diatomaceous earth particles are 80-90% cerium oxide, and the remaining composition is attributed to the clay material. In addition, it is a hard cerium oxide material that absorbs twice its weight in water and still has the characteristics of dry diatomaceous earth particles. In addition, the diatomaceous earth particles are highly porous and naturally have an irregular shape. In addition, it can withstand heat treatment, can be easily made hydrophobic, and can be ground to a fine grain size as well as a rough size.
牽引量視塗佈法、所塗覆之粒子級別、粒子密度且在鞋類之情況下使用的預定表面以及環境條件(例如,溫度、雪、冰、水)而定。 使用的預定表面可為例如岩石、冰、路面、砂岩、船、衝浪板、立式漿板等。 The amount of traction depends on the coating method, the level of particles applied, the particle density and the predetermined surface used in the case of footwear, as well as environmental conditions (eg, temperature, snow, ice, water). The predetermined surface used may be, for example, rock, ice, pavement, sandstone, boat, surfboard, vertical pulp board, and the like.
外底之覆蓋率設想為對於光牽引之矽藻土粒子之10%表面覆蓋率且在高牽引、濕潤及結冰情況下高達100%。對於不同應用以及如下文所論述之手套中之用途設想不同百分比之漸變,其中高粒子密度可能不為所需的,因為可撓性可降低。粒子晶粒大小可為矽藻與砂或砂狀材料之摻合物。摻合粒子可選自精細級(約300微米及更低)、中級(約300-600微米)及粗糙級(約600微米)及更高級粒子。對於濕潤條件或溫暖冰條件(>20華氏度(degree Fahrenheit)),將使用精細級矽藻。 The coverage of the outsole is envisaged as a 10% surface coverage for the light-drawn diatomaceous earth particles and as high as 100% in the case of high traction, wetting and icing. Different percentage gradations are envisaged for different applications and for use in gloves as discussed below, where high particle density may not be desirable because flexibility may be reduced. The particle grain size can be a blend of diatoms with sand or sand material. The blended particles can be selected from the group consisting of fine grades (about 300 microns and less), intermediate grades (about 300-600 microns), and coarse grades (about 600 microns) and higher order particles. For wet conditions or warm ice conditions (>20 Fahrenheit), fine grade algae will be used.
本發明主題亦關於新穎構築體,其中產生矽藻土粒子之聚結物以增加矽藻土粒子之有效大小超過其天然大小範圍。一個或多個粒子之離散聚結物可藉由將大於5重量%矽藻土之分散體創造為基礎材料(諸如上文所論述之熱塑性材料)來獲得。聚結粒子之大小將隨著矽藻土之重量%增加而增加。已知分散劑可用於管理粒子聚結之水準。 The subject matter of the present invention is also directed to novel constructs in which agglomerates of diatomaceous earth particles are produced to increase the effective size of the diatomaceous earth particles beyond their natural size range. Discrete agglomerates of one or more particles can be obtained by creating a dispersion of greater than 5% by weight diatomaceous earth as a base material, such as the thermoplastic materials discussed above. The size of the coalesced particles will increase as the weight % of the diatomaceous earth increases. Dispersants are known to be used to manage the level of particle agglomeration.
類似於機場跑道,用於寒冰之外底、用於高山及冰川海拔之鞋子,或溫度低於15華氏度之任何地方將使用粗糙級粒子。對於岩石及冰上之牽引,可使用較粗糙級,其可包括2300微米或更高之粒子。 Similar to airport runways, shoes used for ice outsole, for alpine and glacier elevations, or where coarse temperatures are used anywhere below 15 degrees Fahrenheit. For rock and ice traction, a coarser grade can be used, which can include particles of 2300 microns or higher.
摻合物對於多用途牽引橡膠外底而言為理想的。另外,橡膠外底可具有覆蓋率變化,其中矽藻置放於一個區域之大部分中;前腳至腳趾或腳跟或部位之任何組合周圍使用不同的晶粒大小摻合物、表面積覆蓋率百分比及/或矽藻土化層(10微米-2mm)密度。 The blend is ideal for a multipurpose traction rubber outsole. In addition, the rubber outsole may have a change in coverage, wherein the algae are placed in a majority of a region; different grain size blends, percentages of surface area coverage, and use of any combination of forefoot to toe or heel or portion are used. / or the density of the algae layer (10 microns - 2mm).
矽藻土之應用可簡單為用矽藻土(純的或如上文所論述摻合 的)塗佈外底或其他構築體之壓縮模具之底部。此處,隨後注入橡膠或其他成型材料,且矽藻土融合至表面,其可為外底之面向地面的表面。 The application of diatomaceous earth can be simply done with diatomaceous earth (pure or blended as discussed above) The bottom of the compression mold that coats the outsole or other structure. Here, rubber or other molding material is subsequently injected, and the diatomaceous earth is fused to the surface, which may be the ground-facing surface of the outsole.
在另一方法中,矽藻土可併入橡膠或其他成型材料之母料摻合物中。在另一方法中,矽藻土可在形成外底或其他構築體之後經由滾軋、刷塗、噴塗、空中撒播或其他塗佈法塗覆至外底或其他構築體。 In another method, the diatomaceous earth may be incorporated into a masterbatch blend of rubber or other forming material. In another method, the diatomaceous earth may be applied to the outsole or other structure by rolling, brushing, spraying, aerial spreading, or other coating methods after forming the outsole or other structure.
除牽引之外,矽藻土還可用於提供構築體表面之耐磨性。舉例而言,行李、齒輪袋或其他袋或載體之底部可塗佈有矽藻土以提供耐磨性。在服裝中,服裝之高磨損區域,例如肩部、肘部、膝部或臀部區域可塗佈有矽藻土粒子。在該等情況下,載體(諸如聚胺基甲酸酯)或印刷方法可用於單獨或以精細級、中級或粗級之任何組合形式塗覆薄(例如,10微米-2mm)矽藻土塗層。印刷技術亦可用於將矽藻土粒子沈積於構築體上以提供耐磨性或其他特性。在服裝及齒輪袋、行李等之印刷塗覆之情況下,10%-100%表面覆蓋率一般將為適合的。類似於跑道表面之要求,粒子可用來吸水與排水以便更佳牽引。若需要,對於任何應用,矽藻土粒子可改質或處理為疏水性以抵抗水分吸收且保持高牽引。 In addition to traction, diatomaceous earth can also be used to provide wear resistance to the surface of the building body. For example, the bottom of the baggage, gear bag or other bag or carrier may be coated with diatomaceous earth to provide abrasion resistance. In apparel, high wear areas of the garment, such as the shoulder, elbow, knee or hip regions, may be coated with diatomaceous earth particles. In such cases, the carrier (such as a polyurethane) or printing process can be used to coat a thin (eg, 10 micron to 2 mm) diatomaceous earth coating, either alone or in any combination of fine, intermediate or coarse grades. Floor. Printing techniques can also be used to deposit diatomaceous earth particles on the structure to provide wear resistance or other characteristics. In the case of printing and coating of clothing and gear bags, luggage, etc., 10%-100% surface coverage will generally be suitable. Similar to the requirements of the runway surface, the particles can be used to absorb water and drain for better traction. If desired, the diatomaceous earth particles can be modified or treated to be hydrophobic to resist moisture absorption and maintain high traction for any application.
作為非均質分佈之一實例,矽藻土化部分可具有對應於高至低磨損或牽引區域之梯度分佈。 As an example of a heterogeneous distribution, the diatomized soil portion may have a gradient distribution corresponding to high to low wear or traction regions.
外底可為鞋底單元組件之組合件中之獨立組件或其可為單片鞋底單元之一部分。舉例而言,EVA之模製鞋底單元可提供外底與中底功能。該單片鞋底可具有多個硬度之部分。舉例而言,面向地面的矽藻土化部分可具有更高、更耐磨硬度之基礎材料且面向腳的部分可具有更柔軟、更低硬度。 The outsole may be a separate component of the assembly of sole unit components or it may be part of a single piece sole unit. For example, the EVA molded sole unit provides outsole and midsole functionality. The single piece sole can have a plurality of portions of hardness. For example, the ground-facing diatomaceous earth portion may have a higher, more wear-resistant base material and the foot-facing portion may have a softer, lower hardness.
一般而言,用作外底之鞋底單元(組裝或單片)部分對於使用阿斯卡硬度計(Asker Durometer)之橡膠將具有70至85或大約值之間的硬度。相比之下,中底部分(若存在)對於使用阿斯卡硬度計之EVA可具有相同硬度或50至60或大約值之相對更低硬度。 In general, the sole unit (assembled or monolithic) portion used as an outsole will have a hardness of between 70 and 85 or about a value for a rubber using an Asker Durometer. In contrast, the midsole portion, if present, can have the same hardness or a relatively lower hardness of 50 to 60 or a value for an EVA using an Asker hardness meter.
鞋底單元之矽藻土化部分之部分不必完全跨越其寬度與長度矽藻土化。矽藻土化區域可僅為前腳部分314及後腳部分316,如圖21中可見。舉例而言,該部分可藉由一般限定一部分外底之圖案之一部分的矽藻土化粒子D之群限定。舉例而言,如圖20中所指示,矽藻土化部分可由任何一種或大於一種形狀,諸如帶、圓形、三角形、曲線或形狀之任何組合組成。 The portion of the spirulina soiled portion of the sole unit does not have to completely cross the width and length of the algae. The algae soiled region may be only the forefoot portion 314 and the hindfoot portion 316, as seen in FIG. For example, the portion can be defined by a population of diatomaceous earth particles D that generally define a portion of the pattern of the outer sole. For example, as indicated in Figure 20, the diatomaceous earth portion can be composed of any one or more than one shape, such as a belt, a circle, a triangle, a curve, or any combination of shapes.
矽藻土化鞋底單元可用於任何種類之鞋子,其中增強的牽引或耐滑性可為所需的。非限制性實例包括用於冰、攀爬、田徑、垂釣與跋涉之鞋類、工業鞋類(例如,屋頂工用鞋類)。 The diatomaceous earth sole unit can be used with any type of shoe where enhanced traction or slip resistance can be desired. Non-limiting examples include footwear for ice, climbing, athletics, fishing and trekking, and industrial footwear (eg, roofing footwear).
手套 gloves
類似於鞋類之摩擦力增強應用,本發明主題可藉由手套之抓握側的矽藻土化來提供手套之增強的握力。此可藉由在抓握區域(例如,一個或多個手指及/或手掌區域)中使用矽藻土化織物或橡膠狀材料來進行。織物可如本文先前所揭示進行矽藻土化。或抓握區域可塗佈有或由具有矽藻粒子之橡膠狀或塑膠物質製成。圖22展示具有含嵌入矽藻土粒子D之抓握區域410之一實例手套400。 Similar to the friction enhancing application of footwear, the subject matter of the present invention can provide enhanced grip of the glove by diatomaceous earthing on the grip side of the glove. This can be done by using a diatomized earthy fabric or a rubbery material in the gripping area (eg, one or more fingers and/or palm areas). The fabric can be geotized as previously disclosed herein. Or the gripping area may be coated with or made of a rubbery or plastic material having algae particles. Figure 22 shows an example glove 400 having a gripping region 410 containing embedded diatomaceous earth particles D.
類似於服裝應用,除抓握區域之矽藻土化之外或替代抓握區域之矽藻土化,手套還可包括提供手套中之水分控制、汲取水分使遠離使 用者手部之矽藻土化層。該層可為類似於服裝中2L、2.5L或3L組合件之整個防水/可透氣手套組合件之一部分。 Similar to garment applications, in addition to or in addition to the algae soiling of the gripping area, the glove may also include providing moisture control in the glove, drawing moisture to keep away The earthworm layer of the kelp in the hands of the user. This layer can be part of an entire waterproof/breathable glove assembly similar to a 2L, 2.5L or 3L assembly in a garment.
如在其他應用中,可使用在面料上之網板印刷。舉例而言,矽藻土化PU,較佳水基聚合物可用矽藻網版印刷至面料之設計或特定部位上。 For other applications, screen printing on fabrics can be used. For example, the diatomaceous earth is PU, preferably the water-based polymer can be printed on the design or specific part of the fabric with the algae screen.
矽藻土化表面之拒水性與拒污垢性 Water repellency and soil repellency of diatomized soil surface
當水在表面上遇到微陣列之結構時發生蓮花效應(Lotus Effect)。其為有據可查的。參見例如http://www.mecheng.osu.edu/nlbb/files/nlbb/Lotus_Effect.pdf。 The Lotus Effect occurs when water encounters the structure of the microarray on the surface. It is well documented. See, for example, http://www.mecheng.osu.edu/nlbb/files/nlbb/Lotus_Effect.pdf.
在圖23中,在嵌入或以其他方式塗覆至基材表面之疏水性矽藻土粒子之表面上冒出水珠。 In Figure 23, water droplets emerge from the surface of the hydrophobic diatomaceous earth particles embedded or otherwise applied to the surface of the substrate.
由於其高表面張力,水滴往往會藉由嘗試實現球形形狀來最小化其表面。在與表面接觸時,黏著力導致表面之濕潤。完全或不完全濕潤可視表面結構及液滴之流體張力而發生。自清潔特性之原因為表面之疏水性拒水雙重結構。此使得表面與液滴之間的接觸面積與黏著力能夠顯著降低,導致拒水性及自清潔過程。在特徵表皮層(其最外層稱為角質層)及覆蓋蠟之外形成出此分層雙重結構。蓮花植物之表皮層擁有高度為10μm至20μm且寬度為10μm至15μm之乳突,在其上施加所謂的表皮蠟。此等疊加蠟為疏水性的且形成雙重結構之第二層。 Due to their high surface tension, water droplets tend to minimize their surface by attempting to achieve a spherical shape. When in contact with the surface, the adhesion causes the surface to wet. Occurs completely or incompletely by wetting the visible surface structure and the fluid tension of the droplets. The reason for the self-cleaning property is the hydrophobic and water-repellent double structure of the surface. This allows the contact area and adhesion between the surface and the droplet to be significantly reduced, resulting in water repellency and self-cleaning processes. This layered double structure is formed in the characteristic skin layer (the outermost layer is called the stratum corneum) and the covering wax. The skin layer of the lotus plant has a mastoid having a height of 10 μm to 20 μm and a width of 10 μm to 15 μm, on which a so-called epidermal wax is applied. These superimposed waxes are hydrophobic and form a second layer of dual structure.
表面之疏水性可由其接觸角量測。接觸角愈高,表面之疏水性愈高。接觸角<90°之表面稱為親水性,且角度>90°之表面稱為疏水性。一些植物展示高達160°之接觸角且稱為超疏水性。此意謂僅2-3%之水滴表面 發生接觸。具有雙重結構化表面之植物(如蓮花)可達到170°接觸角,導致液滴之實際接觸面積僅為0.6%。所有此導致較高斥水性及自清潔效應。污垢粒子經基材表面上之水滴獲取。若水滴滾落或抖落,則此類被污染的表面之污垢粒子由於其與水滴之黏著力高於其與基材表面之黏著力而被移除。(先前技術資訊來源於http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_effect)。 The hydrophobicity of the surface can be measured by its contact angle. The higher the contact angle, the higher the hydrophobicity of the surface. The surface with a contact angle <90° is called hydrophilic, and the surface with an angle of >90° is called hydrophobic. Some plants exhibit a contact angle of up to 160° and are referred to as superhydrophobic. This means that only 2-3% of the water droplet surface Contact occurred. Plants with dual structured surfaces (such as lotus) can reach a 170° contact angle, resulting in an actual contact area of droplets of only 0.6%. All of this leads to higher water repellency and self-cleaning effects. The dirt particles are obtained by water droplets on the surface of the substrate. If the water droplets roll off or shake off, the dirt particles on such contaminated surfaces are removed due to their adhesion to the water droplets being higher than their adhesion to the surface of the substrate. (Previous technical information is from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_effect).
矽藻土粒子可排列於基材表面上以模擬蓮葉之結構及接觸角以及此項技術中已知之其他超疏水性表面。舉例而言,蓮花效應表面模式之參數揭示於US 3354022、6660363及US 8486319中,以上所有者對於其蓮葉效應表面拓撲之教示均以其全文引用的方式併入本文中。然而,前述專利中無一者揭示或表明矽藻土粒子用於表面拓撲之用途。本發明主題係關於已知提供蓮花效應之表面拓撲之創新適應。 The diatomaceous earth particles can be arranged on the surface of the substrate to simulate the structure and contact angle of the lotus leaves as well as other superhydrophobic surfaces known in the art. For example, the parameters of the lotus effect surface mode are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,354, 022, 6, 666, 036, and U.S. Pat. However, none of the aforementioned patents reveals or indicates the use of diatomaceous earth particles for surface topography. The subject matter of the present invention relates to innovative adaptations of surface topologies known to provide a lotus effect.
US 3354022描述藉由創造疏水性材料具有隆起與凹陷之微粗糙結構而具有大於90°之固有前進水接觸角及至少75°之固有後退水接觸角之拒水表面。高部分與低部分之平均距離不超過1,000微米,高部分之平均高度為其之間的平均距離之至少0.5倍。空氣含量為至少60%,且特定言之,含氟聚合物揭示為疏水性材料。US 6660363描述由疏水性聚合物或具有隆起與凹陷之人造表面結構的永久疏水性材料製成之物件之自清潔表面。隆起之間的距離在5μm至200μm範圍內,且隆起之高度在5μm至100μm範圍內。至少隆起由疏水性聚合物或永久疏水性材料組成。隆起無法藉由使PTFE粒子(直徑為7微米)附著至含有聚合物黏著膜之表面且使結構固化或藉由使用細網篩藉由熱壓來壓印聚合物表面而經水或含水清潔劑潤濕。作為一個可能選項,矽藻土粒子可以類似方式壓印於基材表面上。 為賦予矽藻疏水性而不堵塞孔隙,典型浴應用可與氣相/電漿沈積一樣使用。氣相/電漿沈積可使表面塗佈有氟化與非氟化拒水修整面層。 No. 3,340,422 describes a water-repellent surface having an inherent forward water contact angle of greater than 90° and an inherent receding water contact angle of at least 75° by creating a micro-rough structure in which the hydrophobic material has ridges and depressions. The average distance between the high portion and the low portion is no more than 1,000 microns, and the average height of the high portion is at least 0.5 times the average distance between them. The air content is at least 60% and, in particular, the fluoropolymer is disclosed as a hydrophobic material. No. 6,660,363 describes a self-cleaning surface of an article made of a hydrophobic polymer or a permanently hydrophobic material having an artificial surface structure with ridges and depressions. The distance between the ridges is in the range of 5 μm to 200 μm, and the height of the ridges is in the range of 5 μm to 100 μm. At least the ridge is composed of a hydrophobic polymer or a permanently hydrophobic material. The bulge cannot be passed through a water or aqueous cleaner by attaching PTFE particles (7 microns in diameter) to the surface of the polymer-containing adhesive film and curing the structure or by hot pressing to imprint the polymer surface by using a fine mesh screen. Wetting. As a possible option, the diatomaceous earth particles can be imprinted onto the surface of the substrate in a similar manner. To impart hydrophobicity to the algae without clogging the pores, typical bath applications can be used as well as gas/plasma deposition. Gas phase/plasma deposition allows the surface to be coated with a fluorinated and non-fluorinated water repellent finish.
矽藻粉末可按原樣處理,或矽藻聚結物可以粉末形式處理且隨後用於表面塗覆用以磨損及牽引控制表面。 The algae powder may be treated as is, or the algae agglomerate may be treated in powder form and subsequently used for surface coating to abrade and tow the control surface.
基於具有主要結構與次要結構之隆起之蓮花效應表面模式揭示於US 8486319中。該專利揭示在基材之隨機及/或均勻分佈之至少部分外表面中創造許多凹點及裂縫或突起,形成蓮花效應表面圖案之主要結構。該專利揭示諸如凹部、凹點、裂縫、凹陷之位點之形狀、大小及數總體,如矽藻土粒子之拓撲及相關基材表面所定義,咸信能夠截留空氣,因此提供蓮花效應。微型大小表面結構,亦即,表面暴露之矽藻土粒子,其密度可為每平方毫米面積25至10,000個位點,或每平方毫米面積100至5,000個位點,或每毫米5至100個位點之範圍,或大約值。表面位點之範圍可為5-100微米深度或10-50微米深度;或5-100微米直徑或10-50微米直徑,或大約值。位點可相隔5-100微米或相隔10微米至50微米或大約值隔開。可形成本文所涵蓋之任何構築體以藉由蓮花效應拓撲中之構築體表面之矽藻土化來提供蓮花效應。 A lotus effect surface pattern based on a bulge having a primary structure and a secondary structure is disclosed in US 8486319. This patent discloses the creation of a plurality of pits and cracks or protrusions in at least a portion of the outer surface of the random and/or even distribution of the substrate to form the primary structure of the lotus effect surface pattern. This patent discloses the shape, size and number of populations such as recesses, pits, cracks, depressions, such as the topography of the diatomaceous earth particles and the surface of the associated substrate, which is capable of trapping air and thus providing a lotus effect. A micro-sized surface structure, that is, a surface-exposed diatomaceous earth particle having a density of 25 to 10,000 sites per square millimeter, or 100 to 5,000 sites per square millimeter, or 5 to 100 per millimeter The range of loci, or approximate values. The surface sites may range from a depth of 5-100 microns or a depth of 10-50 microns; or a diameter of 5-100 microns or a diameter of 10-50 microns, or an approximate value. The sites can be separated by 5-100 microns or separated by 10 microns to 50 microns or approximately. Any of the constructs covered herein can be formed to provide a lotus effect by the algae geochemistry of the surface of the construct in the lotus effect topology.
定義(如文獻中一般針對戶外與織物行業之描述):防水/可透氣(複合面料):如由不同標準所定義耐受一定壓力之水滲透之織物(針織或編織)複合材料,但其亦可透氣,如藉由不同標準所量測允許水分穿過複合材料。該複合材料可含有1個織物層及防水可透氣隔膜(定義為2層防水可透氣複合材料),或防水可透氣隔膜可包夾在2個織物層之間(定義為3層防水可透氣複合材料)。在2.5層防水可透氣複合材料 之情況下,隔膜典型地具有塗覆於與外織物側相對之隔膜表面上之印記。此印記可為顏色、設計及/或包括呈任何圖案之功能性粒子。織物層可為任何纖維類型(天然、合成、生物類、可生物降解的)之編織或針織結構或任何纖維類型之摻合物。使用接縫帶密封所有接縫以確保防水性。 Definition (as described in the literature for the outdoor and textile industries): Waterproof/breathable (composite fabric): A fabric (knitted or woven) composite that is water-resistant to a certain pressure as defined by different standards, but Breathable, as measured by different standards, allows moisture to pass through the composite. The composite material may comprise a fabric layer and a waterproof gas permeable membrane (defined as a two-layer waterproof and breathable composite material), or a waterproof gas permeable membrane may be sandwiched between two fabric layers (defined as a three-layer waterproof and breathable composite) material). Waterproof and breathable composite material in 2.5 layers In this case, the membrane typically has an imprint applied to the surface of the membrane opposite the side of the outer fabric. This imprint can be color, design, and/or include functional particles in any pattern. The fabric layer can be a woven or knitted structure of any fiber type (natural, synthetic, biological, biodegradable) or a blend of any fiber type. Use seam tape to seal all seams to ensure water resistance.
防水/可透氣隔膜:根據所選標準為(1)防水及(2)可吸入水分之可撓性材料。隔膜可為親水性、疏水性、單片或微孔的。雙組分隔膜組合兩個層,例如GORE-TEX ePTFE隔膜及另一材料層。 Waterproof/breathable diaphragm: Flexible material that is (1) waterproof and (2) moisture repellent according to selected standards. The membrane can be hydrophilic, hydrophobic, monolithic or microporous. The two-component membrane combines two layers, such as a GORE-TEX ePTFE membrane and another layer of material.
空氣滲透性:織物、隔膜或複合材料允許空氣滲透材料之能力;以每分鐘立方呎CFM量測。 Air permeability: The ability of a fabric, membrane, or composite to allow air to penetrate a material; measured in cubic centimeters per minute.
水蒸氣透氣能力/蒸氣滲透性:稱為織物、防水/可透氣隔膜或複合材料允許水分(液體或水蒸氣)穿過材料之能力。 Water Vapor Permeability / Vapor Permeability: A fabric, waterproof/breathable membrane or composite that allows moisture (liquid or water vapor) to pass through the material.
硬殼(2L、2.5L、3L):由實現較高程度之防風性的多個層2、2.5或3L組成之防水可透氣複合材料。外層典型地為更耐用材料,諸如聚酯或耐綸面料。典型面料收縮為防破裂的。 Hard shell (2L, 2.5L, 3L): A waterproof, breathable composite consisting of multiple layers 2, 2.5 or 3L that achieve a higher degree of wind resistance. The outer layer is typically a more durable material such as a polyester or nylon fabric. Typical fabrics shrink to prevent cracking.
軟殼:具有高抗水性、然而專注於風阻塞之織物複合材料。風阻塞可使用防水可透氣隔膜(包夾在兩個織物層之間)或使用黏合劑或膠將兩個織物或基材貼附在一起來達到。膠不為空氣可滲透的,且因此計量複合材料之空氣滲透。織物面料典型地為較軟編織與針織面料,因此稱為軟殼。藉由操縱各織物複合材料之設計特徵,空氣滲透性可在0至100%風阻塞之範圍內。 Soft shell: A fabric composite that has high water resistance but is focused on wind blocking. Wind clogging can be achieved using a waterproof, gas permeable membrane (which is sandwiched between two fabric layers) or by attaching two fabrics or substrates together using an adhesive or glue. The glue is not air permeable, and therefore the air of the metering composite is infiltrated. Fabric fabrics are typically softer woven and knitted fabrics and are therefore referred to as soft shells. By manipulating the design features of each fabric composite, air permeability can range from 0 to 100% wind blockage.
奈米纖維:定義為直徑在100奈米與1000奈米之間之纖維。奈米纖維提供奈米級水準下之高表面積及獨特特性。 Nanofiber: defined as a fiber having a diameter between 100 nm and 1000 nm. Nanofibers offer high surface area and unique properties at the nano level.
非編織:由藉由除編織法以外的某方法,諸如化學、加熱、機械或溶劑方法黏合在一起的纖維製成之面料類材料。將纖維纏結,創造網狀結構。纏結使纖維之間產生孔隙,提供一定程度之空氣滲透性。 Non-woven: A fabric-like material made of fibers bonded together by a method other than weaving, such as chemical, heating, mechanical, or solvent methods. The fibers are entangled to create a network structure. The entanglement creates pores between the fibers, providing a degree of air permeability.
熟習此項技術者將認識到,在為解釋本發明主題之性質而已描述且說明之部分及動作之細節、材料及配置中許多修改及變化為可能的,且該等修改及變化不脫離教示及其中含有之申請專利範圍的精神及範疇。 A person skilled in the art will recognize that many modifications and variations can be made in the details and materials and arrangements of the details and the details of the invention. It contains the spirit and scope of the scope of the patent application.
出於所有目的,本文中所引用之所有專利與非專利文獻在此以全文引用的方式併入。 All patent and non-patent documents cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
如本文所用,「及/或」意謂「及」或「或」,以及「及」與「或」。此外,出於所有目的,本文中所引用之任何及所有專利與非專利文獻在此以全文引用的方式併入。 As used herein, "and/or" means "and" or "or" and "and" and "or". In addition, any and all patent and non-patent documents cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
上文結合任何特定實施例所描述之原理可與結合其他實施例中之任一者或多者所描述之原理組合。因此,此實施方式不應解釋為限制意義,且回顧本發明之後,一般技術者應瞭解可使用本文所描述之各種概念設計之廣泛多種系統。此外,一般技術者應瞭解,本文所揭示之例示性具體實例可適合於各種組態而不脫離本發明原理。 The principles described above in connection with any particular embodiment can be combined with the principles described in conjunction with any one or more of the other embodiments. Therefore, the present embodiments are not to be construed as limiting, and, after reviewing the present invention, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate a wide variety of systems that can be designed using the various concepts described herein. In addition, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the exemplified embodiments disclosed herein are susceptible to various configurations without departing from the principles of the invention.
提供本發明具體實例之先前描述以使得任何熟習此項技術者能夠製造或使用本發明之創新。熟習此項技術者將易於顯而易知彼等具體實例之各種修改,且本文所定義之通用原理可在不脫離本發明之精神或範疇之情況下應用於其他具體實例。因此,所主張的發明不意欲限於本文所展示之具體實例,但應符合與申請專利範圍之語言一致的全面範疇,其 中以單數形式提及元件(諸如使用冠詞「一(a/an)」)不欲意謂「一個及僅一個」,除非特定如此陳述,否則確切而言為「一個或多個」。 The previous description of specific examples of the invention is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications of the specific examples will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the claimed invention is not intended to be limited to the specific examples shown herein, but should be consistent with a comprehensive scope consistent with the language of the claimed application. References to elements in the singular (such as the use of the articles "a" or "an") are not intended to mean "one and only one" unless otherwise specified.
一般技術者已知或稍後將已知之在本發明通篇中描述之各種具體實例之元件之所有結構及功能等效物意欲由本文所描述且所主張之特徵涵蓋。此外,本文所揭示之任何內容均不意欲專用於公眾,無論申請專利範圍中是否明確敍述該揭示內容。在美國專利法下,任何申請專利範圍要素不解釋為「方法加功能」申請專利範圍,除非該要素明確使用片語「用於……之方法」或「用於……之步驟」敍述。 All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the specific embodiments described in the Detailed Description of the invention are intended to be In addition, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether the disclosure is explicitly recited in the scope of the patent application. Under U.S. Patent Law, any element of the patent application scope is not to be construed as a "method plus function" patent application unless the element explicitly uses the phrase "method for" or "step for".
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2016
- 2016-03-17 US US15/073,575 patent/US20170058451A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
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TW200636116A (en) | 2004-04-13 | 2006-10-16 | Kiyokawa Co Ltd | Fiber containing powder of natural ore |
TWI289619B (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2007-11-11 | Tian-Jeng Wang | Method for producing far infrared nonwoven-fabric fibers and product thereof |
TW200630047A (en) | 2005-02-22 | 2006-09-01 | Zhang Yong Qing | Nanometer anti-slippery, shock-absorbing and strengthened insole, shoe-pad and heel material generating method |
TWM328457U (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2008-03-11 | guo-bin Zheng | Fiber products having multi-function thermal diffusive and cooling performances |
TWI359219B (en) | 2008-11-26 | 2012-03-01 |
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TW201905258A (en) | 2019-02-01 |
US20170058451A1 (en) | 2017-03-02 |
TW201615906A (en) | 2016-05-01 |
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