TWI636057B - 作爲nep抑制劑之經取代二苯丁酸膦酸衍生物 - Google Patents
作爲nep抑制劑之經取代二苯丁酸膦酸衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明提供式I化合物
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中R1、R2及R3係如本文所定義。本發明亦係關於製造本發明化合物之方法及其治療用途。本發明進一步提供本發明化合物之醫藥組合物及藥理學活性劑與本發明化合物之組合。
Description
本發明提供中性肽鏈內切酶(EC 3.4.24.11)(NEP)抑制劑化合物、其用於抑制外周NEP之方法及使用其治療疾病之方法。
內源性心房利尿鈉肽(ANP)(亦稱為心房利尿鈉因子(ANF))在哺乳動物中具有利尿劑、利尿鈉及血管舒張功能。尤其降解酶使天然ANF肽代謝不活化,已識別出該降解酶對應於亦負責(例如)使腦啡肽代謝不活化之中性肽鏈內切酶EC 3.4.24.11。
中性肽鏈內切酶(亦稱作NEP、肽鏈內切酶24.11、EC 3.4.24.11;腦啡肽酶(neprilysin、enkephalinase);心房肽酶;纖維母細胞金屬彈性蛋白酶、腎刷狀緣中性肽酶、膜金屬肽酶A、MME g.p.(智人)、常見急性淋巴球性白血病抗原(CALLA)或CD抗原(CD10))係在包括腦、腎、肺、胃腸道、心臟及外周血管系統在內之許多器官及組織中發現之含鋅金屬蛋白酶。NEP裂解疏水性殘基之胺基側上之多種肽受質[參見Pharmacol Rev,第45卷,第87頁(1993)]。此酶之受質包括但不限於心房利尿鈉肽、腦利尿鈉肽(BNP)、met-及leu-腦啡肽、緩激肽、神經激肽A、內皮素-1、血管收縮素、腎上腺髓素、升糖素樣肽、升糖素、胰島素B鏈、澱粉樣β及物質P。該等肽中之一些具有有效血管張及神經激素功能、利尿劑及利尿鈉活性或介導行為效應。ANP係有
效血管舒張及利尿鈉劑[參見J Hypertens,第19卷,第1923頁(2001)]。在正常個體中輸注ANP導致鈉尿及多尿之可重現之顯著增多,包括鈉排泄分數、尿流率及腎小球濾過率增加[參見J Clin Pharmacol,第27卷,第927頁(1987)]。然而,ANP之循環半衰期較短,且腎皮質膜中之NEP已顯示為負責降解此肽之主要酶[參見Peptides,第9卷,第173頁(1988)]。因此,中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑應可增加ANP之血漿含量,且因此預計誘導利尿鈉及利尿劑效應。
此外,NEP酶在血壓恆定及心血管健康中起到重要作用。
腦啡肽酶及其他蛋白酶(例如胰島素降解酶(IDE)、內皮素轉化酶(ECE)及NEP-2)係中樞神經系統(CNS)中類澱粉-β肽(Aβ)之重要降解酶(Bart De Strooper等人2010,Physiol.Rev.90:465-494;Nobuhisa Iwata等人2001,Science,第292卷,1550-1552;Julie A.Carson等人2002,Journal of Neurochemistry.2002,81,1-8)。已表明CNS Aβ之清除減少與諸如阿滋海默氏病(Alzheimer’s disease)等神經變性之產生關聯(Kwasi G.Mawuenyega等人2010,Science,第330卷,1774)。因此,進入關鍵CNS區域之NEP抑制劑化合物可抑制CNS NEP並增加CNS Aβ肽含量。
儘管藥理學NEP抑制對人類之CNS Aβ含量及認知之影響未知且沒有臨床跡象表明抑制NEP將與認知受損相關,但展示有益外周抑制效應與最小化之抑制CNS效應之NEP抑制劑可能有利且可能潛在地增加安全程度。
發明之目標係提供具有有益外周抑制效應及最小化之抑制CNS效應之新穎NEP抑制劑化合物。本發明之NEP抑制劑在外周治療劑量或暴露範圍內具有受限之CNS進入且因此不誘發CNS中之Aβ肽濃度之增加或誘發其少量增加。此外,本發明之NEP抑制劑化合物與
WO2010/136493之化合物相比不誘發CNS中之Aβ肽濃度之增加或誘發其較小增加。
本發明係關於如本文所述之化合物、醫藥組合物及其使用方法。本發明化合物之實例包括式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及實例之化合物。
在實施例1中,因此本發明提供式(I)化合物:
其中:R 1 係H、-C1-7烷基或C6-10芳基;其中烷基視情況經一或多個獨立地選自由以下組成之群之取代基取代:-O-C(O)-O-C3-7環烷基、-O-C(O)-C3-7環烷基、-O-C(O)-C6-10芳基、-O-C(O)-O-C6-10芳基、-O-C(O)-O-C1-7烷基、-O-C(O)-C1-7烷基、雜芳基、雜環基、-C(O)-雜環基、-C(O)NH2、-C(O)NH-C1-7烷基及-C(O)N(C1-7烷基)2;R 2 係Cl、CH3或F;R 3 係H、F、Cl、CH3或OCH3,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
本發明化合物藉由抑制中性肽鏈內切酶可增強生物活性肽之生物效應。因此,特定而言,該等化合物可用於治療諸多病症,包括高血壓、肺性高血壓、肺動脈高血壓、單純收縮期高血壓、頑固性高血
壓、外周血管疾病、心臟衰竭、充血性心臟衰竭、左心室肥大、心絞痛、腎功能不全(糖尿病性或非糖尿病性)、腎衰竭(包括水腫及鹽滯留)、糖尿病性腎病變、非糖尿病性腎病變、顯影劑誘導之腎病變、腎病症候群、腎小球性腎炎、硬皮症、腎小球硬化、原發性腎病之蛋白尿、腎血管高血壓、糖尿病性視網膜病變及晚期腎病(ESRD)、內皮功能障礙、舒張功能障礙、肥大性心肌病變、糖尿病性心肌病變、室上性及心室心律不整、心房纖維性顫動(AF)、心臟纖維化、心房撲動、有害血管重塑、斑塊穩定化、心肌梗塞(MI)、腎纖維化、多囊性腎病(PKD)、腎衰竭(包括水腫及鹽滯留)、週期性水腫、梅尼爾氏病(Menière’s disease)、高醛固酮症(原發性及繼發性)、高尿鈣症及腹水。另外,由於該等化合物能夠增強ANP之效應,因此其可用於治療青光眼。進一步由於本發明化合物能夠抑制中性肽鏈內切酶E.C.3.4.24.11,因此其可在其他治療領域中具有活性,包括例如治療月經病症、早產臨產、先兆子癇、子宮內膜異位及生殖障礙(尤其男性不育與女性不孕、多囊卵巢、植入失敗)。本發明化合物亦應可治療哮喘、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停、發炎、白血病、疼痛、癲癇、情感障礙(例如抑鬱及精神性病況,例如癡呆及老年意識混亂)、肥胖及胃腸病症(尤其腹瀉及刺激性腸症候群)、創傷癒合(尤其糖尿病性及靜脈性潰瘍及褥瘡)、敗血性休克、胃酸分泌功能障礙、高腎素血症、囊性纖維化、再狹窄、2型糖尿病、代謝症候群、糖尿病性併發症、動脈粥樣硬化以及男性及女性性功能障礙。
在較佳實施例中,本發明化合物可用於治療心血管病症。
在另一實施例中,本發明係關於治療需要此治療之個體之因應中性肽鏈內切酶抑制之病症或疾病的方法,其包含:向該個體投與有效量之式I-IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,以治療該個體之因應中性肽鏈內切酶抑制之病症或疾病。
在再一實施例中,本發明係關於醫藥組合物,其包含式I-IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及一或多種醫藥上可接受之載劑。
在又一實施例中,本發明係關於包括式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之組合及一或多種治療活性劑之醫藥組合。
在另一實施例中,本發明係關於抑制有需要之個體之中性肽鏈內切酶之方法,其包含向該個體投與治療有效量之式I-IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,以抑制中性肽鏈內切酶。
圖1.圖解說明實例1之x射線粉末繞射圖案。
圖2.圖解說明實例1之示差掃描量熱法(DSC)及熱重分析(TGA)。
出於解釋本說明書之目的,除非另外指定,否則將使用以下定義且若適宜,以單數使用之術語亦將包括複數且反之亦然。
本文所用術語「烷基」係指包含1至7個碳原子之完全飽和之具支鏈或無支鏈(或直鏈或線性)烴部分。較佳地,烷基包含1至4個碳原子。烷基之代表性實例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、正戊基、異戊基、新戊基、正己基、3-甲基己基、2,2-二甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基戊基、正庚基。術語「C1-7烷基」係指具有1至7個碳原子之烴。類似地,術語「C1-4烷基」係指具有1至4個碳原子之烴。
術語「芳基」係指在環部分中具有6至10個碳原子之單環或二環芳香族烴基。術語「芳基」亦係指其中芳香族環稠合至環烷基環之基團,其中連接基團在芳香族環上或在稠合環烷基環上。芳基之代表實例係苯基、萘基、六氫吲哚基、二氫茚基或四氫萘基。術語「C6-10芳
基」係指在環部分中具有6至10個碳原子之芳香族烴基。術語芳基係指經取代及未經取代之芳基。取代基之實例係鹵基、C1-7烷基、鹵基-C1-7烷基、C1-7烷氧基。
本文所用術語環烷基係指3至12個碳原子、較佳3至8個或3至7個碳原子之飽和或不飽和但非芳香族單環、二環或三環烴基。對於二環及三環環烷基系統而言,所有環皆為非芳香族。實例性單環烴基包括環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環戊烯基、環己基及環己烯基。實例性二環烴基包括冰片基、十氫萘基、二環[2.1.1]己基、二環[2.2.1]庚基、二環[2.2.1]庚烯基、二環[2.2.2]辛基。實例性三環烴基包括金剛烷基。術語「C3-7環烷基」係指具有3至7個碳原子之環狀烴基。
本文所用術語「烷氧基」係指烷基-O-,其中烷基係如上文所定義。烷氧基之代表性實例包括但不限於甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、2-丙氧基、丁氧基、第三-丁氧基、戊氧基、己氧基、環丙氧基-、環己氧基-及諸如此類。較佳地,烷氧基具有約1至6個、更佳約1至4個碳。術語「C1-7烷氧基」係指具有1至7個碳原子之烷氧基。
術語「雜芳基」包括含有5至10個選自碳原子及1至5個雜原子之環成員之單環或二環雜芳基,且每一雜原子皆獨立地選自O、N或S,其中S及N可氧化成各種氧化態。對於二環雜芳基系統而言,該系統完全為芳香族的(即,所有環皆為芳香族的)。術語雜芳基係指經取代及未經取代之雜芳基。取代基之實例係鹵基、C1-7烷基、鹵基-C1-7烷基、C1-7烷氧基。
本文所用術語「雜環基」或「雜環」係指視情況經取代之飽和或不飽和非芳香族(部分不飽和)環,其係4員、5員、6員或7員單環,且含有至少一個選自O、S及N之雜原子,其中N及S亦可視情況氧化成各種氧化態。對於二環及三環雜環基環系統而言,非芳香族環系統定義為非完全或部分不飽和環系統。因此二環及三環雜環基環系統可
包括其中一個稠合環係芳香族的、但另一者(些)係非芳香族的雜環基環系統。在一個實施例中,雜環基部分代表含有5至7個環原子且視情況含有選自O、S或N之又一雜原子之飽和單環狀環。雜環基可連接於雜原子或碳原子。雜環基可包括稠合或橋聯環以及螺環狀環。雜環基之實例包括二氫呋喃基、二氧戊環基、二噁烷基、二噻烷基、六氫吡嗪基、吡咯啶基、二氫吡喃基、氧硫雜環戊基、二硫戊環基、氧硫雜環已基、硫嗎啉基、環氧乙烷基、吖丙啶基、氧雜環丁基、氧雜環庚基、氮雜環丁基、四氫呋喃基、四氫苯硫基、吡咯啶基、四氫吡喃基、六氫吡啶基、嗎啉基、六氫吡嗪基、氮呯基、氧呯基(oxapinyl)、氧雜氮基(oxaazepanyl)、氧硫雜環已基、硫雜環庚基、氮基、二氧雜環庚基及二氮基。術語雜環基係指經取代雜環基與未經取代之雜環基二者。雜環基上取代基之實例係鹵基、C1-7烷基、鹵基-C1-7烷基、C1-7烷氧基或側氧基。
術語「雜原子」包括除碳或氫以外之任何元素之原子。較佳雜原子係氮、氧、硫及磷。在另一實施例中,雜原子係氮、氧或硫。
本文闡述本發明之各個實施例。應認識到在每一實施例中所指定各特徵可與其他指定特徵組合以提供其他實施例。
在實施例2中,某些式I化合物具有( R )立體化學性質且由式II化合物代表:
其中:R 1 係H、-C1-7烷基或C6-10芳基;其中烷基視情況經一或多個獨立地選自由以下組成之群之取代基取代:-O-C(O)-O-C3-7環烷基、-O-C(O)-C3-7環烷基、-O-C(O)-C6-10芳基、-O-C(O)-O-C6-10芳基、-O-C(O)-O-C1-7烷基、-O-C(O)-C1-7烷基、雜芳基、雜環基、-C(O)-雜環基、-C(O)NH2、-C(O)NH-C1-7烷基及-C(O)N(C1-7烷基)2;R 2 係Cl、CH3或F;R 3 係H、F、Cl、CH3或OCH3,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在實施例3中,本發明係關於實施例1或2之化合物,其中R2係Cl且R3係F;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在實施例4中,本發明係關於實施例1、2或3之具有式III之化合物:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在實施例5中,本發明係關於實施例1至4中任一者之具有式IV之化合物:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在實施例6中,本發明係關於式III或IV化合物之前藥,即,實施例1、2或3之式I或II化合物,其中R1係-C1-7烷基或C6-10芳基;其中烷基視情況經一或多個獨立地選自由以下組成之群之取代基取代:-O-C(O)-O-C3-7環烷基、-O-C(O)-C3-7環烷基、-O-C(O)-C6-10芳基、-O-C(O)-O-C6-10芳基、-O-C(O)-O-C1-7烷基、-O-C(O)-C1-7烷基、雜芳基、雜環基、-C(O)-雜環基、-C(O)NH2、-C(O)NH-C1-7烷基及-
C(O)N(C1-7烷基)2;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在實施例7中,本發明係關於式III或IV化合物之前藥,即,實施例1、2或3之式I或II化合物,其中R1係C1-4烷基或係選自以下各式:
其中Ra、Rc、Rd及Re係獨立地選自H或C1-4烷基且Rb係C1-4烷基;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在實施例8中,本發明係關於式III或IV化合物之前藥,即,實施例1、2或3之式I或II化合物,其中R1係Me、Et或係選自以下各式之群:
其中Re係H或C1-4烷基,且Rb係C1-4烷基;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在實施例9中,本發明係關於式III或IV化合物之前藥,即,實施例1、2或3之式I或II化合物,其中R1係Me、Et或係選自以下各式之群:
或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在另一實施例中,本發明之個別化合物係彼等在下文實例部分中所列示者或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在實施例10中,本發明係實例1之結晶形式A。
在實施例11中,本發明係實例1之游離酸結晶形式A,其特徵在於x射線粉末繞射圖案包含4個或更多個選自由以下組成之群之2θ值(CuKαλ=1.5418Å):16.5±0.2°、17.5±0.2°、17.8±0.2°、18.7±0.2°、20.2±0.2°、20.7±0.2°、21.7±0.2°、21.9±0.2°、24.1±0.2°、24.6±0.2°、25.0±0.2°、25.5±0.2°及27.4±0.2°,該等2θ值係在約22℃及1.5418Å之x射線波長λ下量測。
在實施例12中,本發明係實例1之游離酸結晶形式A,其特徵在於x射線粉末繞射圖案包含5個或更多個選自由以下組成之群之2θ值(CuKαλ=1.5418Å):16.5±0.2°、17.5±0.2°、17.8±0.2°、18.7±0.2°、20.2±0.2°、20.7±0.2°、21.7±0.2°、21.9±0.2°、24.1±0.2°、24.6±0.2°、25.0±0.2°、25.5±0.2°及27.4±0.2°,該等2θ值係在約22℃及1.5418Å之x射線波長λ下量測。
在實施例13中,本發明係實例1之游離酸結晶形式A,其具有與圖1中所示之X射線粉末繞射譜實質上相同之X射線繞射譜。
術語「實質上相同」在指代X射線繞射峰位置時意指考慮典型峰位置及強度可變性。例如,熟習此項技術者應瞭解,峰位置(2θ)可顯
示一定的裝置間可變性,通常多達0.2°。偶爾,可變性可端視裝置校準差異而高於0.2°。此外,熟習此項技術者應瞭解,相對峰強度可顯示裝置間可變性以及因結晶度、較佳取向、所準備試樣之表面及彼等熟習此項技術者已知之其他因素所致之可變性,且應僅視為定性測量。
在實施例14中,本發明係實例1之游離酸結晶形式A,其具有與圖2中所示實質上相同之示差掃描量熱法(DSC)溫度記錄圖。
在實施例15中,本發明係實例1之游離酸結晶形式A,其具有與圖2中所示實質上相同之熱重分析(TGA)圖。
應注意,本發明之一些化合物之結構包括不對稱碳原子。因此應理解,除非另外指明,否則源於所述不對稱性之異構物(例如,所有鏡像異構物及非鏡像異構物)包括在本發明範圍內。所述異構物可藉由經典分離技術且藉由以立體化學方式控制之合成以實質上純淨之形式獲得。此外,本申請案中所論述之結構以及其他化合物及部分亦包括其所有互變異構物。
本文所用術語「異構物」係指具有相同分子式但原子排布及組態不同之不同化合物。同樣,本文所用術語「光學異構物」或「立體異構物」係指本發明給定化合物中可存在之各種立體異構組態的任一種且包括幾何異構物。應理解,取代基可連接至碳原子之對掌性中心。因此,本發明包括化合物之鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物或外消旋物。「鏡像異構物」係彼此不可重疊鏡像之立體異構物對。鏡像異構物對之1:1混合物為「外消旋」混合物。若合適,該術語用於指示外消旋混合物。「非鏡像異構物(diastereoisomer及diastereomer)」可互換使用且係具有至少兩個不對稱原子但彼此並非鏡像之立體異構物。根據Cahn-lngold-Prelog R-S系統來指定絕對立體化學性質。當化合物係純淨鏡像異構物時,每一對掌性碳之立體化學性質可指定為R或S。
絕對組態未知之拆分化合物可端視其在鈉D線波長下旋轉平面偏振光之方向(右旋或左旋)而指定為(+)或(-)。本文所述之某些化合物含有一或多個不對稱中心或軸且可由此產生鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物及其他立體異構形式,該等形式可根據絕對立體化學性質定義為(R)-或(S)-。本發明意欲包括所有此等可能之異構物,包括外消旋混合物、光學純形式及中間體混合物。可使用對掌性合成組元或對掌性試劑來製備光學活性(R)-及(S)-異構物或使用習用技術來進行拆分。若化合物含有雙鍵,則取代基可為E或Z組態。若化合物含有二取代之環烷基,則環烷基取代基可具有順式-或反式-組態。本發明亦意欲包括所有互變異構物形式。
本發明化合物之任一不對稱原子(例如,碳或諸如此類)可以外消旋異構物或鏡像異構物富集形式存在,例如(R)-、(S)-或(R,S)-組態。在某些實施例中,每一不對稱原子在(R)-或(S)-組態中皆至少50%鏡像異構物超量、至少60%鏡像異構物超量、至少70%鏡像異構物超量、至少80%鏡像異構物超量、至少90%鏡像異構物超量、至少95%鏡像異構物超量或至少99%鏡像異構物超量。原子上具有不飽和鍵之取代基若可能可以順式-(Z)-或反式-(E)-形式存在。
因此,本文所用之本發明化合物可以可能之異構物、旋轉異構物、阻轉異構物、互變異構物或其混合物中的一種形式存在,例如,為實質上純淨之幾何(順式或反式)異構物、非鏡像異構物、光學異構物(鏡像異構體)、外消旋異構物或其混合物。
任何所得異構物混合物皆可基於其成份之物理化學差異(例如)藉由層析法及/或分段結晶分離成純淨或實質上純淨之幾何或光學異構物、非鏡像異構物、外消旋異構物。
可藉由已知方法將最終產物或中間體之任何所得外消旋異構物拆分成光學鏡像異構體,例如,藉由分離使用光學活性酸或鹼獲得之
其非鏡像異構物鹽並釋放光學活性酸性或鹼性化合物。特定而言,由此可使用鹼性部分藉由(例如)分段結晶用光學活性酸(例如酒石酸、二苯甲醯基酒石酸、二乙醯基酒石酸、二-O,O'-對-甲苯甲醯基酒石酸、苯乙醇酸、蘋果酸或樟腦-10-磺酸)所形成之鹽將本發明化合物拆分成其光學鏡像異構體。亦可使用對掌性吸附劑藉由對掌性層析法(例如高壓液體層析法(HPLC))來拆分外消旋產物。
本文所用術語「醫藥上可接受之鹽」係指保留有本發明化合物之生物有效性及性質之鹽且其通常在生物上或在其他方面係合意的。在許多情形下,本發明化合物藉助所存在胺基及/或羧基或相似基團能夠形成酸性及/或鹼性鹽。
可使用無機酸及有機酸來形成醫藥上可接受之酸加成鹽,例如,乙酸鹽、天冬胺酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、溴化物/氫溴酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽/碳酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽/硫酸鹽、樟腦磺酸鹽、氯化物/鹽酸鹽、氯茶鹼、檸檬酸鹽、乙二磺酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、葡庚糖酸鹽、葡萄糖酸鹽、葡糖醛酸鹽、馬尿酸鹽、氫碘酸鹽/碘化物、羥乙磺酸鹽、乳酸鹽、乳糖酸鹽、月桂基硫酸鹽、蘋果酸鹽、馬來酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、扁桃酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、甲基硫酸鹽、萘酸鹽、萘磺酸鹽、煙鹼酸鹽、硝酸鹽、十八烷酸鹽、油酸鹽、草酸鹽、棕櫚酸鹽、巴莫酸鹽、磷酸鹽/磷酸氫鹽/磷酸二氫鹽、聚半乳糖醯酸鹽、丙酸鹽、硬脂酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、磺基水楊酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、甲苯磺酸鹽及三氟乙酸鹽。
可自其衍生鹽之無機酸包括(例如)鹽酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸及諸如此類。
可自其衍生鹽之有機酸包括(例如)乙酸、丙酸、羥乙酸、草酸、馬來酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富馬酸、酒石酸、檸檬酸、苯甲酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、甲苯磺酸、磺基水楊酸及諸如此類。可使用無
機鹼及有機鹼來形成醫藥上可接受之鹼加成鹽。
可自其衍生鹽之無機鹼包括(例如)銨鹽及來自週期表第I行至第XII行之金屬。在某些實施例中,鹽係衍生自鈉、鉀、銨、鈣、鎂、鐵、銀、鋅及銅;尤其適宜之鹽包括銨鹽、鉀鹽、鈉鹽、鈣鹽及鎂鹽。
可自其衍生鹽之有機鹼包括(例如)一級、二級及三級胺、經取代胺(包括天然存在之經取代胺)、環狀胺、鹼性離子交換樹脂及諸如此類。某些有機胺包括異丙基胺、苄星青黴素(benzathine)、膽茶鹼、二乙醇胺、二乙胺、離胺酸、葡甲胺、六氫吡嗪及胺丁三醇。
本發明之醫藥上可接受之鹽可藉由習用化學方法自母體化合物、鹼性或酸性部分來合成。一般而言,此等鹽可藉由使游離酸形式之該等化合物與化學計量量的適當鹼(例如Na、Ca、Mg或K氫氧化物、碳酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽或諸如此類)反應來製備,或藉由使游離鹼形式之該等化合物與化學計量量的適當酸反應來製備。此等反應通常係在水或有機溶劑、或二者之混合物中實施。一般而言,若可行,則期望使用非水性介質,例如,醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、異丙醇或乙腈。額外適宜鹽之列表可參見(例如)「Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences」,第20版,Mack Publishing公司,Easton,Pa.,(1985);及「Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts:Properties,Selection,and Use」,Stahl及Wermuth(Wiley-VCH,Weinheim,Germany,2002)。
本文所給出任一式亦意欲代表該等化合物之未經標記形式以及經同位素標記形式。例如,由本文中任一式中之「H」代表之任一氫意欲代表氫之所有同位素形式(例如1H、2H或D、3H);由本文中任一式中之「C」代表之任一碳意欲代表碳之所有同位素形式(例如11C、13C、14C);由「N」代表之任一氮意欲代表氮之所有同位素形式(例如14N、15N)。包括在本發明內之同位素之其他實例包括氧、硫、磷、
氟、碘及氯之同位素,例如18F、31P、32P、35S、36Cl、125I。本發明包括各種如本文所定義經同位素標記之化合物,例如,彼等存在諸如3H、13C及14C等放射性同位素者。在一個實施例中,本文中式中之原子以其天然豐度存在。在另一實施例中,一或多個氫原子可富集2H;及/或一或多個碳原子可富集11C、13C或14C;及/或一或多個氮可富集14N。此等經同位素標記之化合物可用於代謝研究(14C)、反應動力學研究(例如,2H或3H)、檢測或顯像技術(諸如正電子發射斷層掃描術(PET)或單光子發射計算機化斷層顯像(SPECT),包括藥物或基質組織分佈檢驗)或患者之放射性治療。特定而言,18F或經標記化合物可為PET或SPECT研究尤其需要。經同位素標記之本發明化合物及其前藥通常可藉由實施在方案中或在下文所述實例及製備中所揭示程序藉由用易於獲得之經同位素標記之試劑取代未經同位素標記之試劑來製備。
此外,富集較重同位素、尤其氘(亦即,2H或D)可提供某些治療優點,此歸因於較大代謝穩定性,例如,活體內半衰期延長或劑量需求減少或治療指數改良。應理解,在此上下文中氘視為式I至IV化合物之取代基。此一較重同位素(具體而言氘)之濃度可由同位素富集因子定義。本文所用術語「同位素富集因子」意指指定同位素之同位素豐度與天然豐度之比率。若本發明化合物中之取代基表示為氘,則此化合物每一指定氘原子之同位素富集因子為至少3500(在每一指定氘原子處納入52.5%氘)、至少4000(納入60%氘)、至少4500(納入67.5%氘)、至少5000(納入75%氘)、至少5500(納入82.5%氘)、至少6000(納入90%氘)、至少6333.3(納入95%氘)、至少6466.7(納入97%氘)、至少6600(納入99%氘)或至少6633.3(納入99.5%氘)。
同位素富集之式I至IV化合物通常可藉由彼等熟習此項技術者已知之習用技術來製備或可藉由與彼等闡述於隨附實例及製備中者類似
之方法使用適宜同位素富集試劑代替先前採用之未富集試劑製備。
本發明之醫藥上可接受之溶劑合物包括彼等其中結晶溶劑可經同位素取代者,例如,D2O、d6-丙酮、d6-DMSO。
含有能夠起氫鍵之供體及/或受體作用的基團之本發明化合物(即式I至IV中任一者之化合物)可能夠與適宜共晶體形成劑形成共晶體。該等共晶體可藉由已知共晶體形成程序自式I至IV中任一者之化合物製備。此等程序包括在結晶條件下在式I至IV中任一者之化合物之溶液中與共晶體形成劑一起研磨、加熱、共昇華、共熔融或接觸並分離藉此形成之共晶體。適宜共晶體形成劑包括彼等闡述於WO 2004/078163中者。因此,本發明進一步提供包含式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之共晶體。
本文所用術語「醫藥上可接受之載劑」包括如彼等熟習此項技術者已知之任一及所有溶劑、分散介質、包衣、表面活性劑、抗氧化劑、防腐劑(例如,抗細菌劑、抗真菌劑)、等滲劑、吸收延遲劑、鹽、防腐劑、藥物、藥物穩定劑、黏合劑、賦形劑、崩解劑、潤滑劑、甜味劑、矯味劑、染劑及諸如此類及其組合(例如,參見Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,第18版,Mack Printing公司,1990,第1289-1329頁)。除任何與活性成份不相容之習用載劑之外,本發明涵蓋其於治療或醫藥組合物中之用途。
術語本發明化合物之「治療有效量」係指本發明化合物將誘發個體之生物或醫學反應之量,例如,降低或抑制酶或蛋白質活性、或改善症狀、減輕病況、減緩或延遲疾病進展或預防疾病等。在一個非限制性實施例中,術語「治療有效量」係指本發明化合物在投與個體時有效達成以下目的之量:(1)至少部分地減輕、抑制、預防及/或改善病況、病症或疾病或其症狀,所述病況、病症或疾病或其症狀(i)藉由抑制中性肽鏈內切酶而改善或(ii)與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關或(iii)
特徵在於中性肽鏈內切酶活性異常;或(2)降低或抑制中性肽鏈內切酶活性;或(3)降低或抑制中性肽鏈內切酶之表現。在另一非限制性實施例中,術語「治療有效量」係指本發明化合物在投與細胞或組織或非細胞生物材料或介質時有效地至少部分地降低或抑制中性肽鏈內切酶之活性或至少部分地降低或抑制中性肽鏈內切酶之表現的量。
本文所用術語「個體」係指動物。通常動物係哺乳動物。例如,個體亦係指靈長類動物(例如,人類)、牛、綿羊、山羊、馬、狗、貓、兔、大鼠、小鼠、魚、鳥及諸如此類。在某些實施例中,個體係靈長類動物。在又一些實施例中,個體係人類。
本文所用術語「抑制(inhibit、inhibition或inhibiting)」係指減小或抑制給定之病況、症狀、或病症或疾病,或顯著降低生物活性或過程之基線活性。
在一個實施例中,本文所用術語「治療(treat、treating或treatment)」任一疾病或病症係指改善該疾病或病症(即,減緩或阻止或減慢該疾病或其至少一種臨床症狀之發展)。在另一實施例中,「治療(treat、treating或treatment)」係指減輕或改善包括彼等患者不能感受到之物理參數的至少一個物理參數。在又一實施例中,「治療(treat、treating或treatment)」係指在物理方面調節疾病或病症(例如,穩定可感受到之症狀)或在生理學方面調節疾病或病症(例如,穩定物理參數)或二者皆有。在又一實施例中,「治療(treat、treating或treatment)」係指預防或延遲疾病或病症之開始或發展或進展。
如本文所用,若個體可在生物學方面、醫學方面或生命品質方面受益於治療,則該個體「需要」該治療。
除非本文另外指明或上下文明顯矛盾,否則在本發明上下文(尤其在申請專利範圍之上下文)中使用之本文所用術語「一(a、an)」、「該(the)」及類似術語皆應理解為涵蓋單數及複數二者。
除非本文另外指明或上下文另外明顯矛盾,否則,本文所述之所有方法皆可以任何適宜順序實施。除非另外主張,否則,本文所提供之任何及所有實例或實例性用語(例如,「例如」)僅意欲用於更好地闡明本發明且並不對本發明範圍加以限制。
本發明化合物係以游離形式、其鹽形式、或其前藥衍生物形式獲得。
當鹼基及酸基二者存於同一分子中時,本發明化合物亦可形成內鹽,例如兩性離子分子。
本發明亦提供在活體內轉化成本發明化合物之本發明化合物的前藥。前藥係活性或非活性化合物,在將前藥投與個體後其經由活體內生理作用(例如水解、代謝及諸如此類)化學改質轉化成本發明化合物。與製備及使用前藥相關之適用性及技術已為彼等熟習此項技術者所熟知。前藥可在概念上分成兩種非排他性類別:生物前體前藥及載劑前藥。參見The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry,Ch.31-32(Wermuth編輯,Academic Press,San Diego,Calif.,2001)。一般而言,生物前體前藥係較相應活性藥物化合物為非活性或活性較低之化合物,其含有一或多個保護基團且可藉由代謝或溶劑分解轉化成活性形式。活性藥物形式及任何釋放之代謝產物二者皆應具有可接受之低毒性。
載劑前藥係含有輸送部分(例如,改良攝取及/或對作用位點之局部遞送的部分)之藥物化合物。期望在此一載劑前藥中,藥物部分與輸送部分之間的連接為共價鍵,前藥較藥物化合物為非活性或活較低,且任一釋放之輸送部分係可接受性地無毒。對於其中輸送部分意欲增強攝取之前藥而言,輸送部分之釋放通常應迅速。在其他情形下,期望使用可提供慢釋放之部分(例如,某些聚合物)或其他部分(例如環糊精)。例如,載劑前藥可用於改良一或多種以下性質:增加親
脂性、增加藥理學效應之持久性、增加位點特異性、降低毒性及副反應及/或改良藥物調配物(例如,穩定性、水溶性、抑制不期望之感官或生理化學性質)。例如,可藉由(a)羥基與親脂羧酸(例如,具有至少一個親脂部分之羧酸)之酯化、或(b)羧酸基與親脂醇(例如,具有至少一個親脂部分之醇,例如脂肪醇)之酯化來增加親脂性。
實例性前藥係例如游離羧酸及硫醇之S-醯基衍生物及醇或酚之O-醯基衍生物之酯,其中醯基具有如本文所定義之含義。適宜前藥通常係可藉由溶劑分解在生理條件下轉化成母體羧酸之醫藥上可接受之酯衍生物,例如,業內習用之低碳數烷基酯、環烷基酯、低碳數烯基酯、苄基酯、單取代或二取代之低碳數烷基酯(例如ω-(胺基、單-或二-低碳數烷基胺基、羧基、低碳數烷氧基羰基)-低碳數烷基酯、α-(低碳數烷醯氧基、低碳數烷氧基羰基或二低碳數烷基胺基羰基)-低碳數烷基酯(例如三甲基乙醯基氧基甲酯))及諸如此類。另外,胺作為芳基羰基氧基甲基取代之衍生物受到遮蔽,該等衍生物藉由酯酶裂解而在體內釋放游離藥物及甲醛(Bundgaard,J.Med.Chem.2503(1989))。然而,含有酸性NH基團(例如咪唑、醯亞胺、吲哚及諸如此類)之藥物經N-醯氧基甲基遮蔽(Bundgaard,Design of Prodrugs,Elsevier(1985))。羥基作為酯及醚受到遮蔽。EP 039,051(Sloan及Little)揭示曼尼希鹼(Mannich-base)羥胺酸前藥、其製備及用途。
此外,本發明化合物(包括其鹽)亦可以其水合物形式獲得,或包括其他用於其結晶之溶劑。
本發明化合物可使用以下方案、實例中所述之方法及藉由使用業內認可之技術合成。本文所述之所有化合物皆作為化合物包括在本發明中。本發明化合物可根據以下方案中所述之至少一種方法合成。
在本文範圍內,除非上下文另外指明,否則僅將不為本發明化
合物之尤其期望最終產物之成份且易於去除之基團稱為「保護基團」。此等保護基對官能基之保護、保護基團本身及其裂解反應闡述於(例如)諸如以下等標準參考著作(reference works)中:J.F.W.McOmie,「Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry」,Plenum Press,London and New York 1973,T.W.Greene及P.G.M.Wuts,「Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis」,第三版,Wiley,New York 1999。
具有至少一個成鹽基團之本發明化合物之鹽可以本身已知之方式製備。例如,具有酸基之本發明化合物之鹽可(例如)藉由用以下化合物處理本發明化合物來形成:金屬化合物,例如適宜有機羧酸之鹼金屬鹽,例如2-乙基己酸之鈉鹽;有機鹼金屬或鹼土金屬化合物,例如相應氫氧化物、碳酸鹽或碳酸氫鹽,例如氫氧化鈉或氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉或碳酸鉀或碳酸氫鈉或碳酸氫鉀;相應鈣化合物或氨或適宜有機胺,較佳使用化學計量量或僅少過量之成鹽劑。本發明化合物之酸加成鹽係以常規方式獲得,例如藉由用酸或適宜陰離子交換試劑處理該等化合物獲得。含有酸性及鹼性成鹽基團(例如游離羧基及游離胺基)之本發明化合物之內鹽可(例如)藉由例如用弱鹼將鹽(例如酸加成鹽)中和至等電點或藉由用離子交換劑處理來形成。
鹽可以常規方式轉化成游離化合物;金屬及銨鹽可(例如)藉由用適宜酸處理來轉化,且酸加成鹽可(例如)藉由用適宜鹼性試劑處理來轉化。
可根據本發明獲得之異構物混合物可以本身已知之方式分離成個別異構物;非鏡像異構物可(例如)藉由在多相溶劑混合物之間分配、重結晶及/或層析分離(例如在矽膠上)或藉由(例如)在反相管柱上進行中壓液相層析來分離,且外消旋物可(例如)藉由與光學純成鹽試劑形成鹽並例如藉助分段結晶或藉由在光學活性管柱材料上進行層析
來分離如此獲得之非鏡像異構物混合物來分離。
可根據標準方法使用(例如)層析方法、分佈方法、(重)結晶及諸如此類對中間體及最終產物實施處理及/或純化。
一般而言,下列內容適用於上文及下文所述之所有方法。
所有上述方法步驟皆可在彼等熟習此項技術者本身已知之反應條件下實施,該等條件包括彼等具體所述者:於溶劑或稀釋劑不存在時或(習慣上)存在時,該等溶劑或稀釋劑包括(例如)對所用試劑呈惰性並使其溶解之溶劑或稀釋劑;於觸媒、縮合劑或中和劑(例如離子交換劑,例如陽離子交換劑,例如,呈H+形式,此端視反應及/或反應物之性質而定)不存在時或存在時;在低溫、常溫或高溫下(例如溫度介於約-100℃至約190℃之間,包括(例如)約-80℃至約150℃,例如在-80℃至-60℃下,在室溫下,在-20℃至40℃下或在回流溫度下);在大氣壓力下或在密閉器皿中,若合適,該器皿係在壓力下及/或在惰性氣氛中,例如在氬或氮氣氛中。
在該等反應之所有階段,可將所形成異構物之混合物分離成個別異構物(例如,非鏡像異構物或鏡像異構物)或分離成任何期望之異構物混合物(例如,外消旋物或非鏡像異構物之混合物),例如,以與「額外方法步驟」下所述之方法類似之方式加以分離。
除非在闡述該等方法時另外指明,否則可自其選擇彼等適用於任一特定反應之溶劑的溶劑包含彼等具體所述者,或(例如)水、酯(例如低碳數烷基-低碳數烷酸酯,例如乙酸乙酯)、醚(例如脂肪族醚,例如二乙醚)或環醚(例如四氫呋喃或二噁烷)、液體芳族烴(例如苯或甲苯)、醇(例如甲醇、乙醇或1-丙醇或2-丙醇)、腈(例如乙腈)、鹵代烴(例如二氯甲烷或氯仿)、醯胺(例如二甲基甲醯胺或二甲基乙醯胺)、鹼(例如雜環狀氮鹼,例如吡啶或N-甲基吡咯啶-2-酮)、羧酸酐(例如低碳數烷酸酐,例如,乙酸酐)、環狀直鏈或具支鏈烴(例如環己烷、
己烷或異戊烷、甲基環己烷)或彼等溶劑之混合物(例如水溶液)。此等溶劑混合物亦可藉由(例如)層析或分配用於處理中。
化合物(包括其鹽)亦可以水合物形式獲得,或其晶體可(例如)包括用於結晶之溶劑。可存在不同之晶型。
本發明亦係關於下列方法之彼等形式:其中在該方法任一階段作為中間體獲得之化合物係用作起始材料並實施其餘方法步驟,或其中起始材料係在反應條件下形成或以衍生物形式(例如以受保護形式或以鹽形式)使用,或藉由本發明方法獲得之化合物係在方法條件下產生並進一步經受原位處理。
用來合成本發明化合物之所有起始材料、結構單元、試劑、酸、鹼、去水劑、溶劑及觸媒皆市面有售或可藉由熟習此項技術者所已知之有機合成方法來製得(Houben-Weyl第4版,1952,Methods of Organic Synthesis,Thieme,第21卷)。
通常,式I、II、III或IV化合物可根據下文所提供之方案製備。
其中R1、R2、R3係如上文技術方案1中所定義且P1係胺基保護基
(例如第三丁氧基羰基)。
在步驟(2a)中,可應用用於Suzuki偶合反應之標準方法,例如使用鈀(或鎳)物質[例如Pd(PPh3)4、PdCl2(dppf)、Pd(OAc)2/膦(例如PPh3、dppf、PCy3、P(tBu)3、XPhos)、Pd/C、Pd2(dba)3/膦(例如PPh3、dppf、PCy3、P(tBu)3、XPhos)、Ni(COD)2/膦(或dppe、dppb、PCy3)、Ni(dppf)Cl2]、鹼(例如KF、CsF、K3PO4、Na2CO3、K2CO3、Cs2CO3、NaOH、KOH、NaO-t-Bu、KO-t-Bu)及(R2)n-PhB(OH)2[或(R2)n-PhBF3K]。
在步驟(2b)中,可採用使羧酸烷基化之標準方法,例如使用R-LG/鹼(其中LG係選自但不限於Cl、Br、I、OMs、OTs或OTf之離去基團)(例如K2CO3、NaHCO3、Cs2CO3或K3PO4)、亞硫醯氯(或草醯氯)/R1-OH、DCC(或EDCI)/DMAP/R1-OH、BOP/R1OK(或R1ONa)、(R1O)2CHNMe2、CDI/DBU/R1-OH,其中R1係如上文所定義。
在步驟(2c)中,可應用去除P1保護基之標準方法,例如使用TFA或HCl之酸誘導之裂解。
在步驟(2d)中,可採用醯胺偶聯之標準方法在例如但不限於二異丙基乙胺等鹼存在下連接3-膦醯基丙酸,例如但不限於HATU或EDC/HOBt。
本發明進一步包括本發明方法之任何變化形式,其中使用在其任一階段獲得之中間產物作為起始材料且實施剩餘步驟,或其中起始材料係在反應條件下原位形成,或其中反應組份係以其鹽或光學純鏡像異構體形式使用。
本發明化合物及中間體亦可根據彼等熟習此項技術者通常已知之方法彼此轉化。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供包含本發明化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽與一或多種醫藥上可接受之載劑之醫藥組合物。醫藥組合物可
經調配用於特定投與途徑,例如,經口投與、非經腸投與及直腸投與等。此外,本發明之醫藥組合物可以固體形式(包括但不限於膠囊、錠劑、丸劑、微粒、粉劑或栓劑)或以液體形式(包括但不限於溶液、懸浮液或乳液)製得。醫藥組合物可經受習用醫藥操作(例如滅菌)及/或可含有習用惰性稀釋劑、潤滑劑或緩衝劑以及佐劑,例如防腐劑、穩定劑、潤濕劑、乳化劑及緩衝劑等。
通常,醫藥組合物係包含活性成份以及以下物質之錠劑或明膠膠囊:a)稀釋劑,例如乳糖、右旋醣、蔗糖、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、纖維素及/或甘胺酸;b)潤滑劑,例如二氧化矽、滑石粉、硬脂酸、其鎂或鈣鹽及/或聚乙二醇;對錠劑而言,亦包含c)黏合劑,例如矽酸鎂鋁、澱粉糊劑、明膠、黃蓍膠、甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉及/或聚乙烯吡咯啶酮;若需要包含d)崩解劑,例如澱粉、瓊脂、海藻酸或其鈉鹽或泡騰混合物;及/或e)吸收劑、著色劑、矯味劑及甜味劑。
錠劑可根據業內已知方法經膜包衣或腸包衣。
適用於經口投與之組合物包括有效量之呈錠劑、菱形錠劑、水性或油性懸浮液、可分散粉劑或顆粒、乳液、硬或軟膠囊、或糖漿或酏劑形式的本發明化合物。意欲口服使用之組合物可根據業內已知用於製造醫藥組合物之任一方法來製備且此等組合物可含有一或多種選自由甜味劑、矯味劑、著色劑及防腐劑組成之群的試劑以提供醫藥上美觀且可口之製劑。錠劑可含有活性成份與適於製造錠劑且醫藥上可接受之無毒賦形劑的混合物。例如,該等賦形劑為惰性稀釋劑,例如,碳酸鈣、碳酸鈉、乳糖、磷酸鈣或磷酸鈉;造粒劑及崩解劑,例
如,玉米澱粉或海藻酸;黏合劑,例如,澱粉、明膠或阿拉伯膠;及潤滑劑,例如,硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸或滑石粉。該等錠劑係無包膜或藉由已知技術包膜以延遲在胃腸道中之崩解及吸收並藉此提供較長時間之持續作用。例如,可採用諸如甘油單硬脂酸酯或甘油二硬脂酸酯等延時材料。用於口服使用之調配物可提供為硬明膠膠囊形式,其中將活性成份與惰性固體稀釋劑(例如,碳酸鈣、磷酸鈣或高嶺土)混合;或其可為軟明膠膠囊形式,其中將活性成份與水或油介質(例如,花生油、液體石蠟或橄欖油)混合。
某些可注射組合物係等滲水溶液或懸浮液,且栓劑較佳係自脂肪乳液或懸浮液製備。該等組合物可經滅菌及/或含有佐劑,例如防腐劑、穩定劑、潤濕劑或乳化劑、溶解促進劑、調節滲透壓之鹽及/或緩衝劑。另外,其亦可含有其他在治療上有價值之物質。該等組合物分別係根據習用混和、造粒或塗佈方法來製備且含有約0.1-75%、或含有約1-50%的活性成份。
適用於經皮施用之組合物包括有效量之本發明化合物與適宜載劑。適用於經皮遞送之載劑包括吸收性藥理上可接受之溶劑以有助於穿過宿主皮膚。例如,經皮器件係呈繃帶形式,該繃帶包括背襯元件;含有該化合物(視情況具有載劑)之儲液器;視情況包括速度控制障壁以便以受控之預定速度長時間遞送化合物至宿主皮膚;及將器件固定至皮膚之構件。
適用於局部施用(例如,施用至皮膚及眼睛)之組合物包括水溶液、懸浮液、軟膏、乳霜、凝膠或(例如)藉由氣溶膠遞送之可噴霧調配物或諸如此類。此等局部遞送系統特定而言將適於經皮施用。因此,其特別適用於局部施用,包括業內熟知之化妝品調配物。此等調配物可含有增溶劑、穩定劑、增滲劑、緩衝劑及防腐劑。
本文所用局部施用亦可係關於吸入或鼻內施用。其可以乾粉形
式(單獨遞送;呈混合物形式,例如與乳糖之乾燥摻合物;或呈混合組份顆粒形式,例如與磷脂之混合組份顆粒)自乾粉吸入器方便地遞送,或以氣溶膠噴霧劑形式自加壓容器、幫浦、噴射器、霧化器或噴霧器呈遞,其中使用或不使用適宜推進劑。
本發明進一步提供包含本發明化合物作為活性成份之無水醫藥組合物及劑型,此乃因水可促使某些化合物降解。
可使用無水或含低水分之成份在低水分或低濕氣條件下製備本發明之無水醫藥組合物及劑型。無水醫藥組合物可製備並儲存以維持其無水性質。因此,使用已知材料包裝無水組合物以防止暴露於水以便其可納入適宜配方套組中。適宜包裝之實例包括但不限於氣密性密封箔、塑膠、單位劑量容器(例如,小瓶)、泡罩包裝及條帶包裝。
本發明進一步提供包含一或多種可降低作為活性成份之本發明化合物分解速率之試劑的醫藥組合物及劑型。本文稱作「穩定劑」之此等試劑包括但不限於抗氧化劑(例如,抗壞血酸)、pH緩衝劑或鹽緩衝劑等。
呈游離形式或呈醫藥上可接受之鹽形式之式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽展現有價值之藥理學性質,例如中性肽鏈內切酶調節性質,例如如在下一部分中所提供之體外及體內測試中所指示,且因此指示用於治療。
本發明化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽可用於治療選自以下之適應症:高血壓、肺性高血壓、肺動脈高血壓、單純收縮期高血壓、頑固性高血壓、外周血管疾病、心臟衰竭、充血性心臟衰竭、左心室肥大、心絞痛、腎功能不全(糖尿病性或非糖尿病性)、腎衰竭(包括水腫及鹽滯留)、糖尿病性腎病變、非糖尿病性腎病變、顯影劑誘導之腎病變、腎病症候群、腎小球性腎炎、硬皮症、腎小球硬化、原發性腎病之蛋白尿、腎血管高血壓、糖尿病性視網膜病變及晚期腎病
(ESRD)、內皮功能紊亂、舒張功能障礙、肥大性心肌病變、糖尿病性心肌病變、室上性及心室心律不整、心房纖維性顫動(AF)、心臟纖維化、心房撲動、有害血管重塑、斑塊穩定化、心肌梗塞(MI)、腎纖維化、多囊性腎病(PKD)、腎衰竭(包括水腫及鹽滯留)、週期性水腫、梅尼爾氏病、高醛固酮症(原發性及繼發性)、高尿鈣症、腹水、青光眼、月經病症、早產臨產、先兆子癇、子宮內膜異位及生殖障礙(尤其男性不育與女性不孕、多囊卵巢、植入失敗)、哮喘、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停、發炎、白血病、疼痛、癲癇、情感障礙(例如抑鬱及精神性病況,例如癡呆及老年意識混亂)、肥胖及胃腸病症(尤其腹瀉及刺激性腸症候群)、創傷癒合(尤其糖尿病性及靜脈性潰瘍及褥瘡)、敗血性休克、胃酸分泌功能障礙、高腎素血症、囊性纖維化、再狹窄、2型糖尿病、代謝症候群、糖尿病性併發症、動脈粥樣硬化以及男性及女性性功能障礙。因此,作為又一實施例,本發明提供式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之用途。在又一實施例中,治療係選自與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關之疾病。在另一實施例中,疾病係選自上述列表,適宜地為高血壓、肺性高血壓、肺動脈高血壓、單純收縮期高血壓、頑固性高血壓、外周血管疾病、心臟衰竭、充血性心臟衰竭、左心室肥大、心絞痛、腎功能不全、腎衰竭(包括水腫及鹽滯留)、糖尿病性腎病變、非糖尿病性腎病變、顯影劑誘導之腎病變、2型糖尿病及糖尿病性併發症,且最適宜地為心血管病症(例如高血壓)、腎功能不全(包括水腫)及充血性心臟衰竭。
因此,作為又一實施例,本發明提供式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽在治療中之用途。在又一實施例中,治療係選自可藉由抑制中性肽鏈內切酶活性治療之疾病。
在另一實施例中,本發明提供治療與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關之疾病之方法,其包含投與治療上可接受量之式I至IV中任一者之化
合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。在又一實施例中,疾病係選自上述列表,適宜地為高血壓、肺性高血壓、肺動脈高血壓、單純收縮期高血壓、頑固性高血壓、外周血管疾病、心臟衰竭、充血性心臟衰竭、左心室肥大、心絞痛、腎功能不全、腎衰竭(包括水腫及鹽滯留)、糖尿病性腎病變、非糖尿病性腎病變、顯影劑誘導之腎病變、2型糖尿病及糖尿病性併發症,且最適宜地為心血管病症(例如高血壓)、腎功能不全(包括水腫)及充血性心臟衰竭。
對於約50-70kg之個體,單位劑量本發明醫藥組合物或組合可具有約1-1000mg之活性成份、或約1-500mg或約1-250mg或約1-150mg或約0.5-100mg、或約1-50mg之活性成份。化合物、醫藥組合物或其組合之治療有效劑量端視個體種類、體重、年齡及個體狀態、所治療病症或疾病或其嚴重程度而定。一般熟練內科醫師、臨床醫師或獸醫可容易地確定預防、治療或抑制病症或疾病進展所需之每一活性成份之有效量。
有利地使用哺乳動物(例如,小鼠、大鼠、狗、猴子)或其分離器官、組織及製劑在體外及體內測試中證明上述劑量性質。本發明化合物可以溶液(例如,水溶液)形式於活體外施用,且可(例如)作為懸浮液或水溶液以經腸、非經腸(較佳靜脈內)方式於活體內施用。活體外劑量可在約10-3莫耳濃度與10-9莫耳濃度之間範圍內。端視投與途徑而定,活體內之治療有效量可在約0.1mg/kg與500mg/kg之間或約1mg/kg與100mg/kg之間範圍內。
本發明化合物之活性可藉由以下體外及體內方法及/或藉由業內充分闡述之以下體外及體內方法評價。參見Doering K,Meder G,Hinnenberger M,Woelcke J,Mayr LM,Hassiepen U,(2009)「A fluorescence lifetime-based assay for protease inhibitor profiling on human kallikrein 7」,Biomol Screen,Jan;14(1):1-9。
特定而言,重組人類中性肽鏈內切酶之體外抑制可測定如下:在室溫下將重組人類中性肽鏈內切酶(在昆蟲細胞中表現且使用標準方法純化,最終濃度為7pM)與不同濃度之測試化合物在含有150mM NaCl及0.05%(w/v)CHAPS之10mM磷酸鈉緩衝液(pH 7.4)中一起預培育1小時。藉由添加合成肽受質Cys(PT14)-Arg-Arg-Leu-Trp-OH至0.7μM之最終濃度來開始酶促反應。受質水解導致PT14之螢光壽命(FLT)延長,該壽命係藉助如藉由如上文所引用之Doering等人(2009)所述之FLT讀數器來量測。在室溫下培育1小時(t=60min)後測定化合物對酶促活性之效應。使用非線性回歸分析軟體自抑制百分比對抑制劑濃度之曲線計算IC50值,該等值對應於顯示在抑制劑不存在時量測之FLT值之50%降低的抑制劑濃度。
使用測試分析(如上文所述),本發明化合物展現根據下文所提供之表1之抑制效能。
在兩種非臨床動物模型中評估NEP抑制劑之相對CNS及外周治療活性。向有意識大鼠經口投與化合物或其媒劑,並確定腦脊髓液(CSF;「Aβ模型」)中Aβ(1-40)肽濃度之增加或NEP受質心房利尿鈉肽(ANP;「ANP增強模型」)之血漿含量之增加。因此在血漿ANP之給定增加下不誘發CSF Aβ之增加或誘發其較少增加之NEP抑制劑可優於觸發Aβ之大升高者。
使用如下文所述之ANP增強模型來評估NEP抑制劑之功效及外周效應。
利尿鈉肽經由兩種主要途徑自機內消除:1)結合至利尿鈉肽清
除受體、之後進行胞吞作用及溶酶體水解;及2)藉由已在諸如腎、肺、腸、腦及嗜中性球等各種組織中鑑別出之膜結合鋅金屬蛋白酶NEP水解(Maack T(2006)The broad homeostatic role of natriuretic peptides.Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab;50:198-207;Okolicany J,McEnroe GA,Koh GY等人(1992)Clearance receptor and neutral endopeptidase-mediated metabolism of atrial natriuretic factor.Am J Physiol;263:F546-53.)。在正常動物中,清除受體在降解利尿鈉肽中佔優勢(Maack 2006,引用於上文)。相比之下,在藉由高循環水平之利尿鈉肽飽和清除受體之條件(例如,充血性心臟衰竭)下,NEP在使利尿鈉肽不活化中之作用變得顯著(Maack 2006,引用於上文;Okolicany等人1992,引用於上文)。
利用後一觀察結果來評估NEP抑制劑之外周效應。藉由輸注外源性ANP以使清除受體飽和,在正常有意識大鼠中顯露NEP之ANP-代謝效應(Gu,Jessie等人(2010),「Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of LCZ696,a novel dual-acting angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor(ARNi)」,Journal of Clinical Pharmacology,50(4),401-414;Okolicany等人1992,引用於上文;Trapani AJ,Beil ME,Bruseo CW等人(2004)CGS 35601 and its orally active prodrug CGS 37808 as triple inhibitors of endothelin-converting enzyme-1,neutral endopeptidase 24.11,and angiotensin-converting enzyme.J Cardiovasc Pharmacol;44(增刊1):S211-5.)。因此,使用血漿ANP之增強作為經口投與之化合物對外周NEP之抑制程度及持續時間的指標。
自Charles River Labs購得成年雄性Wistar Han(WH)大鼠(體重:483±58g,平均值±SD;年齡:9-10.5個月)。將其以12-hr光/暗週期(光:6am至6pm)在分別為72℉及55%之溫度及相對濕度設定點下圈養。向大鼠任意地提供正常食物(Harlan Teklad 8604)及水,只是在實
驗之前及實驗期間部分禁食。在此情況下,於實驗前傍晚(約5pm)去除所有大鼠之食物顆粒(保留兩份)。在實驗當天早上,去除任何剩餘之食物。然而,在多數情況下,兩份顆粒過夜耗盡。在實驗終點返回食物。
以手術方式向大鼠裝配導管以允許採集動脈血液試樣及靜脈內(i.v.)投與ANP。用異氟烷(2%於100%氧中)將大鼠麻醉並維持手術麻醉平面。將眼用潤滑劑施加至每一眼以預防角膜刺激。投與美洛昔康(Meloxicam)(0.2mg/kg,皮下)用於止痛。如果需要進行疼痛管控,則在術後第一天投與第二次注射之美洛昔康。此外,在術前投與一定劑量之青黴素G(50,000U/kg,肌內)以預防感染。
在無菌手術條件下,分離股動脈及靜脈並插入導管。導管係由利用環己酮接合至4.5cm長度之聚胺基甲酸酯(0.012”I.D.,0.025”O.D.,Micro-Renathane MRE-025型,Braintree Scientific公司,Braintree,MA)管道之約55cm長度之Tygon(PVC)微孔管道(0.020”,0.060”O.D.)組成。將導管經皮下隧穿並外置於中背胸部/腹部區域中。導管穿過經皮下錨定之系繩/旋轉系統退出,該系統允許動物在具有穿孔實心地板之專用Plexiglas籠中無限制移動。在完成手術後,用無菌0.9%鹽水沖洗導管並用於無菌0.9%鹽水中之200U/mL肝素鎖定。
在研究前使大鼠恢復至少一周,同時保持有意識且不受限制。對大鼠靜脈內輸注(450ng/kg/min)大鼠ANP(ANP(1-28),產品編號14-5-41,American Peptide Company公司,Sunnyvale,CA)。在1hr ANP輸注後,藉由經口管飼1mL/kg媒劑(0.5%甲基纖維素+0.1% Tween 80)或所選劑量之NEP抑制劑來治療大鼠。ANP輸注再持續8hr。於不同時間(基線或時間0h、0.25h、0.5h、1h、2h、4h、6h及8hr)自股動脈插管將動脈血液試樣(0.20mL)抽出至含有0.004mL
EDTA/蛋白酶抑制劑(PI)混合劑之採集管中。將血液試樣在4℃及20 K g下離心以分離血漿。將血漿試樣等分並冷凍(-70℃)以供隨後分析血漿ANP及化合物含量。
血液採集混合劑係由廣譜絲胺酸及半胱胺酸PI以及EDTA組成。確定(在體外全血之ANP-摻加實驗中)此組合以防止所得血漿在37℃下培育時損失ANP。其亦防止血液凝血。
使用以下成份來製備EDTA/PI混合劑:
1.不含EDTA之完全PI混合劑錠劑(Roche目錄編號為11 873 580 001)
2.來自Vacutainer血液採集管之K3EDTA(產品編號為366450;習用淡紫色管塞;取出體積:約7mL;液體添加劑:K3EDTA 15%溶液,0.081mL,12.15mg)
如下製備混合劑:
1.將2個全尺寸PI錠劑溶解於0.94mL Millipore水中(最終體積為1.0mL=100×濃縮溶液)。錠劑在渦旋時將在約1min內溶解。
2.將1.0mL EDTA添加至上述PI溶液。渦旋以充分混合。溶液應澄清。
3.將混合物分成等分試樣且在-70℃下冷凍(在冷凍時,穩定至少12週)。
在實驗當天,將EDTA/PI混合劑管於冰上解凍並儲存以供在實驗期間使用。同樣,將含有此混合劑之血液採集管於冰上儲存直至血液採集時間以使PI分解最小化。
利用商業酶免疫分析套組(心房利尿鈉因子(1-28)(人類)EIA套組,S-1131;Peninsula Laboratories公司,San Carlos,CA)量測血漿ANP濃度。將冷凍血漿試樣於冰上解凍且將10μL血漿以1:10稀釋於1×提供有該套組之分析緩衝液中。然後分析10μL經稀釋試樣。分析
方案依照製造商說明書(利用1×分析緩衝液將總體積/孔擴大至50μl)。用於外推試樣之ANP濃度之標準曲線之線性範圍在約8pg/孔與500pg/孔之間。標準曲線之IC50值為24.5±3.6pg/孔(平均值±SD)。
在不同大鼠模型(「Aβ模型」)中評價NEP抑制劑之CNS效應。在此研究中,量測了Aβ之腦脊髓液(CSF)含量作為CNS Aβ濃度之敏感指示劑(Kwasi G.Mawuenyega,2010,Science,第330卷,1774))。
在購自Charles River Labs之首次接受試驗(naïve)之成年雄性WH大鼠(體重:495±53g,平均值±SD;年齡:8.5-12個月)中進行實驗,該等大鼠如上文所述圈養及飼養。藉由在7:30am與10:00am之間經口管飼1mL/kg媒劑(0.5%甲基纖維素+0.1% Tween 80)或所選劑量之NEP抑制劑來治療大鼠。5個小時後,用異氟烷將大鼠麻醉,實施剖腹,並在EDTA上獲得腹主動脈血液試樣。將血液試樣在4℃及20 K g下離心以分離血漿。將血漿試樣等分並冷凍(-70℃)以供隨後分析血漿化合物含量。在將大鼠放血後,上覆於大池之皮膚及肌肉回縮。藉由直接針刺穿過暴露硬腦膜進入大池中來收集CSF試樣。使用低結合吸管端(VWR目錄號37001-164)儘可能快地將CSF轉移至預冷(在冰上)低結合管(Protein LoBind tubes,1.5mL,訂貨號022431081,Eppendorf)中以將Aβ凝集及與器件之黏附最小化。將CSF試樣冷凍(-70℃)以供隨後分析Aβ含量。
使用MesoScale Discovery(MSD,Gaithersburg,MD)96孔MULTI-ARRAY人類/齧齒類(4G8)Aβ40超敏性套組(K110FTE-2)對CSF中之Aβ40進行定量。除了標準曲線及試樣製備,根據製造商說明書進行分析。將每一CSF試樣之10μL等分試樣與190μL 1% BSA/1×Tris溶液(來自套組之「Blocker A」)混合以供1:20 CSF稀釋。將合成之Aβ1-40肽(來自套
組)在1% BSA/1×Tris溶液中連續稀釋以獲得10,000-10pg/mL之標準物用於8點標準曲線。
在移液150μL/孔1% BSA/1×Tris溶液後將來自套組之MSD MULTI-SPOT Aβ40肽板培育1小時。利用400μL 1×Tris洗滌緩衝液(來自套組)使用BioTek EL406自動化板洗滌器(Winooski,VT)將板洗滌3次。對於CSF試樣及標準物而言,將25μL 1×SULFO-TAG 4G8檢測抗體/1×「Blocker G」/1% BSA/1×Tris溶液(來自套組之「檢測抗體溶液」)移液至板中。在添加檢測抗體溶液後立即將CSF試樣及標準物以25μL/孔移液至板中。將板培育2小時並利用400μL 1×Tris洗滌緩衝液使用EL406自動化板洗滌器洗滌3次。將「讀取緩衝液T」(來自套組)以1×150μL/孔移液至板中。立即在MSD SECTOR Imager 6000讀數器上讀取MSD板。
一式三份分析標準物。一式兩份分析CSF試樣。使用MSD DISCOVERY WORKBENCH Data Analysis Tools 3.0軟體實施曲線擬合、反算、恢復%及試樣濃度之外推。使用4-參數邏輯斯諦(logistical)曲線擬合選項利用1/y2加權函數繪製並擬合由標準物產生之信號。自擬合曲線外推試樣pg/mL濃度。分析定量下限(LLOQ)為10pg/mL且定量上限(ULOQ)為10,000pg/mL。LLOQ及ULOQ之界定係恢復%±20%及CV<20%。基於4329.8g/mol之分子量將試樣pg/mL濃度轉化成pmol/mL。
使用LC-MS/MS方法來檢測血漿中之NEP抑制劑(本發明實例1之前藥及其活性藥物:本發明之實例2、實例1-2(WO2010/136493)及其活性藥物:實例11-1(WO2010/136493)、實例1-17(WO2010/136493)及其活性藥物:實例11-39(WO2010/136493))。使用含有100ng/mL內標物(優降糖(glyburide))之150μL乙腈使本發明之實例1、實例1-2
(WO2010/136493)或實例1-17(WO2010/136493)處理之大鼠血漿之等分試樣(25μL)經受蛋白質沈澱。將試樣短暫地渦旋混合並以40000rpm離心長達10分鐘。然後將上清液(125μL)轉移至1mL96孔板中,之後添加50μL水。藉由使用HPLC分離與質譜檢測偶聯進行分析。
使用具有SIL-20AC自動取樣器之Shimadzu LC-20AC二元HPLC幫浦(Shimadzu公司,Kyoto,Japan)進行所有LC分離。結合快速梯度條件及流動相A(含有0.1%甲酸之水)及B(含有0.1%甲酸之乙腈),在來自MAC-MOD Analytical公司(Chadds Ford,PA)之ACE® C18管柱(MacMod,Chadds Ford,PA)(3μm,2.1×30mm)上達成分析物之層析分離。使用裝配有Turbo Ionspray介面之三相四極(MS/MS)質譜儀(Sciex API4000;Applied Biosystems,Framingham,MA)進行檢測。以陽性(Pos)或陰性(Neg)離子多反應監測(MRM)模式採用氮作為碰撞氣體操作儀器。監測前藥及活性藥物二者之以下MRM轉換:對於本發明之實例1,m/z 613.28→425.12(Neg);對於本發明之實例2,m/z 442.33→133.89(Neg);對於實例1-2(WO2010/136493),m/z 418.42→231.12(Pos);對於實例11-1(WO2010/136493),m/z 390.75→256.14(Pos);對於實例1-17(WO2010/136493),m/z 436.4→248.0(Pos);對於實例11.39(WO2010/136493),m/z 408.10→248.03(Pos);及對於優降糖(ISTD),m/z 494.2→169.2(Pos)或492.13→169.84(Neg)。獲得數據並藉由Sciex Analyst 1.4.2軟體處理。
使用購自Thermo Fisher Scientific公司(Philadelphia,PA)之Thermo Watson 7.3軟體實施標準回歸及未知濃度之反算。母體化合物之定量係基於由至少5個點組成之校準曲線。對於本發明之實例1及實例2、WO2010/136493之實例1-2及實例11-1而言,將校準標準曲線範圍設定為1ng/mL(LLOQ)至10,000ng/mL(ULOQ);對於WO2010/136493之實例1-17而言,將其設定為0.1ng/mL(LLOQ)至
5,000ng/mL(ULOQ);且對於WO2010/136493之實例11-39而言,將其設定為10,000ng/mL(ULOQ)。所有校準標準物及品質對照試樣之偏差皆在±30%之接受準則內。
對於本文中之所有試樣及實例而言,前藥至活性藥物之轉化率皆>97%。
確定了本發明NEP抑制劑之相對外周及CNS抑制效應並比較了該等抑制效應與WO 2010/136493中所揭示之實例1-17及1-2之化合物。
血漿ANP濃度在基線(ANP後,治療前)下為10.7±2.8ng/mL(平均值±SD)。化合物治療(WO2010/136493之實例1-2:經口0.03-3mg/kg;WO2010/136493之實例1-17:經口0.01-3mg/kg;本發明之實例1:經口0.3-3mg/kg)快速地(0.5-1hr)且劑量依賴性地將血漿ANP濃度增加至穩態程度,此保持升高達實驗持續時間。使用給藥後4hr與6hr之間之平均血漿化合物及ANP濃度來產生暴露-反應關係。
在給予媒劑後,CSF Aβ濃度為約0.6pmol/mL。以下列劑量投與化合物:WO2010/136493之實例1-2(經口0.1-30mg/kg)、
WO2010/136493之實例1-17(經口1-30mg/kg)及本發明之實例1(經口3-30mg/kg)。使用給藥後5hr之血漿化合物及CSF Aβ濃度來產生暴露-反應關係。
將線性回歸應用於血漿化合物暴露對血漿ANP(基線ANP%)或CSF Aβ(Aβ媒劑對照%)反應關係。獲得每一化合物對應於在接近暴露-反應關係頂部處之血漿ANP增加(基線之200%至240%)之血漿化合物濃度。然後將該等化合物濃度應用於暴露-Aβ線性回歸關係以估計對應於各別ANP(基線%)之Aβ(媒劑對照%)值。如表中所示,實例1在所有血漿ANP增加下皆展現Aβ之最小增加。相比之下,WO 2010/136493之實例1-17及1-2之化合物分別觀察到CSF Aβ之4倍及5倍至9倍增加%。
在一個實施例中,本發明化合物在誘導200% ANP增強之暴露下誘發小於25%或小於20%或小於15%之CSF Aβ增加。
本發明化合物可與一或多種其他治療劑同時投與,或在其之前
或之後投與。本發明化合物可藉由相同或不同投與途徑分開投與,或與其他試劑一起於同一醫藥組合物中投與。
在一個實施例中,本發明以組合製劑提供包含式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及至少一種其他治療劑之產物用以在治療中同時、分開或依次使用。在一個實施例中,治療係治療與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關之疾病或病況。
以組合製劑提供之產物包括包含式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及另一(些)治療劑一起於同一醫藥組合物中之組合物,或包含呈分開形式(例如,呈套組形式)之式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及另一(些)治療劑之組合物。
在一個實施例中,本發明提供包含式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及另一(些)治療劑之醫藥組合物。視情況,醫藥組合物可包含醫藥上可接受之賦形劑,如上文所述。
在一個實施例中,本發明提供包含兩種或更多種分開醫藥組合物之套組,其中至少一者含有式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。在一個實施例中,套組包含分開保留該等組合物之構件,例如容器、分開式瓶子或分開式箔片組。此一套組之實例係如錠劑、膠囊及諸如此類之包裝常用之泡罩包裝。
本發明套組可用於投與不同劑型(例如,經口及非經腸)、用於以不同劑量間隔投與分開之組合物或用於相互滴定分開之組合物。為有助於順應性,本發明套組通常包含關於投與之說明書。
在本發明之組合療法中,本發明化合物及另一治療劑可由相同或不同的製造商製造及/或調配。此外,可在如下情況下將本發明化合物與另一治療劑一起引入組合療法中:(i)在對內科醫師發放組合產品之前(例如,在包含本發明化合物及另一治療劑之套組情況下);(ii)在即將投藥前由內科醫師自身(或在內科醫師指導下);(iii)由患者自
身,例如,在依序投與本發明化合物與另一治療劑期間。
因此,本發明提供式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽用於治療與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關之疾病或病況的用途,其中製備該藥劑用於與另一治療劑一起投與。本發明亦提供另一治療劑用於治療與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關之疾病或病況的用途,其中將該藥劑與式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽一起投與。
本發明亦提供式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其用於治療與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關之疾病或病況之方法,其中製備該式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽用於與另一治療劑一起投與。本發明亦提供另一治療劑,其用於治療與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關之疾病或病況之方法,其中製備該另一治療劑用於與式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽一起投與。本發明亦提供式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其用於治療與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關之疾病或病況之方法,其中將該式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽用於與另一治療劑一起投與。本發明亦提供另一治療劑,其用於治療與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關之疾病或病況的方法,其中將該另一治療劑與式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽一起投與。
本發明亦提供式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽用於治療與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關之疾病或病況的用途,其中患者先前(例如,在24小時內)已經另一治療劑治療。本發明亦提供另一治療劑用於治療與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關之疾病或病況的用途,其中患者先前(例如,在24小時內)已經式I至IV中任一者之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽治療。
在一個實施例中,另一治療劑係選自:在一個實施例中,另一治療劑係選自:HMG-Co-A還原酶抑制
劑、血管收縮素受體阻斷劑(ARB、血管收縮素II受體拮抗劑)、血管收縮素轉化酶(ACE)抑制劑、鈣通道阻斷劑(CCB)、內皮素拮抗劑、腎素抑制劑、利尿劑、ApoA-I模擬物、抗糖尿病劑、減肥劑、醛固酮受體阻斷劑、內皮素受體阻斷劑、醛固酮合成酶抑制劑(ASI)、CETP抑制劑及磷酸二酯酶5型(PDE5)抑制劑。
術語「與第二藥劑或治療組合」包括共投與本發明化合物(例如,式I-IV中任一者之化合物或本文中另外所述之化合物)與第二藥劑或治療;首先投與本發明化合物,之後投與第二藥劑或治療;及首先投與第二藥劑或治療,之後投與本發明化合物。
術語「第二藥劑」包括業內已知用以治療、預防或減少本文所述疾病或病症之症狀之任一藥劑,該疾病或病症係例如因應中性肽鏈內切酶抑制之病症或疾病,例如,高血壓、肺性高血壓、肺動脈高血壓、單純收縮期高血壓、頑固性高血壓、外周血管疾病、心臟衰竭、充血性心臟衰竭、左心室肥大、心絞痛、腎功能不全(糖尿病性或非糖尿病性)、腎衰竭(包括水腫及鹽滯留)、糖尿病性腎病變、非糖尿病性腎病變、顯影劑誘導之腎病變、腎病症候群、腎小球性腎炎、硬皮症、腎小球硬化、原發性腎病之蛋白尿、腎血管高血壓、糖尿病性視網膜病變及晚期腎病(ESRD)、內皮功能紊亂、舒張功能障礙、肥大性心肌病變、糖尿病性心肌病變、室上性及心室心律不整、心房纖維性顫動(AF)、心臟纖維化、心房撲動、有害血管重塑、斑塊穩定化、心肌梗塞(MI)、腎纖維化、多囊性腎病(PKD)、腎衰竭(包括水腫及鹽滯留)、週期性水腫、梅尼爾氏病、高醛固酮症(原發性及繼發性)、高尿鈣症、腹水、青光眼、月經病症、早產臨產、先兆子癇、子宮內膜異位、生殖障礙(尤其男性不育與女性不孕、多囊卵巢、植入失敗)、哮喘、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停、發炎、白血病、疼痛、癲癇、情感障礙(例如抑鬱及精神性病況,例如癡呆及老年意識混亂)、肥胖及胃腸病
症(尤其腹瀉及刺激性腸症候群)、創傷癒合(尤其糖尿病性及靜脈性潰瘍及褥瘡)、敗血性休克、胃酸分泌之調節、高腎素血症之治療、囊性纖維化、再狹窄、2型糖尿病、代謝症候群、糖尿病性併發症、動脈粥樣硬化以及男性及女性性功能障礙。
第二藥劑之實例包括HMG-Co-A還原酶抑制劑、血管收縮素II受體拮抗劑、血管收縮素轉化酶(ACE)抑制劑、鈣通道阻斷劑(CCB)、內皮素拮抗劑、腎素抑制劑、利尿劑、ApoA-I模擬物、抗糖尿病劑、減肥劑、醛固酮受體阻斷劑、內皮素受體阻斷劑、醛固酮合成酶抑制劑(ASI)、磷酸二酯酶5型(PDE5)抑制劑及CETP抑制劑。
術語「HMG-Co-A還原酶抑制劑」(亦稱為β-羥基-β-甲基戊二醯基-輔酶-A還原酶抑制劑)包括可用於降低脂質含量(包括血液中之膽固醇)之活性劑。實例包括阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)、西立伐他汀(cerivastatin)、康帕丁(compactin)、達伐他汀(dalvastatin)、二康帕丁(二氫compactin)、氟多他汀(fluindostatin)、氟伐地汀(fluvastatin)、洛伐他汀(lovastatin)、匹伐他汀(pitavastatin)、美伐他汀(mevastatin)、普伐他汀(pravastatin)、利斯的明(rivastatin)、辛伐他汀(simvastatin)及維樂他汀(velostatin)或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
術語「ACE-抑制劑」(亦稱為血管收縮素轉化酶抑制劑)包括妨礙血管收縮素I酶促降解成血管收縮素II之分子。此等化合物可用於調節血壓及治療充血性心臟衰竭。實例包括阿拉普利(alacepril)、貝那普利(benazepril)、貝那普利拉(benazeprilat)、卡托普利(captopril)、西羅普利(ceronapril)、西拉普利(cilazapril)、地拉普利(delapril)、依那普利(enalapril)、依那普利拉(enaprilat)、福辛普利(fosinopril)、咪達普利(imidapril)、賴諾普利(lisinopril)、莫維普利(moveltopril)、培哚普利(perindopril)、喹那普利(quinapril)、雷米普利(ramipril)、螺普利(spirapril)、替莫普利(temocapril)及群多普利(trandolapril)或其醫藥上
可接受之鹽。
術語「內皮素拮抗劑」包括波生坦(bosentan)(參照EP 526708A)、替唑生坦(tezosentan)(參照WO 96/19459)或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
術語「腎素抑制劑」包括地特吉侖(ditekiren)(化學名稱:[1S-[1R*,2R*,4R*(1R*,2R*)]]-1-[(1,1-二甲基乙氧基)羰基]-L-丙基-L-苯基丙胺醯基-N-[2-羥基-5-甲基-1-(2-甲基丙基)-4-[[[2-甲基-1-[[(2-吡啶基甲基)胺基]羰基]丁基]胺基]羰基]己基]-N-α-甲基-L-組胺酸醯胺);特拉吉侖(terlakiren)(化學名稱:[R-(R*,S*)]-N-(4-嗎啉基羰基)-L-苯基丙胺醯基-N-[1-(環己基甲基)-2-羥基-3-(1-甲基乙氧基)-3-側氧基丙基]-S-甲基-L-半胱胺酸醯胺);阿利吉侖(aliskiren)(化學名稱:(2S,4S,5S,7S)-5-胺基-N-(2-胺基甲醯基-2,2-二甲基乙基)-4-羥基-7-{[4-甲氧基-3-(3-甲氧基丙氧基)苯基]甲基}-8-甲基-2-(丙-2-基)壬醯胺)及佔吉侖(zankiren)(化學名稱:[1S-[1R*[R*(R*)],2S*,3R*]]-N-[1-(環己基甲基)-2,3-二羥基-5-甲基己基]-α-[[2-[[(4-甲基-1-六氫吡嗪基)磺醯基]甲基]-1-側氧基-3-苯基丙基]-胺基]-4-噻唑丙醯胺)或其鹽酸鹽或SPP630、SPP635及SPP800(如由Speedel所研發)或式(A)及(B)之RO 66-1132及RO 66-1168:
及,或其醫
藥上可接受之鹽。
若未明確定義,則術語「阿利吉侖」應理解為呈游離鹼形式與呈其鹽形式二者,尤其呈其醫藥上可接受之鹽、最佳其半富馬酸鹽形
式。
血管收縮素II受體拮抗劑或其醫藥上可接受之鹽應理解為結合至血管收縮素II受體之AT1-受體亞型但不會導致受體活化之活性成份。由於抑制AT1受體,因此該等拮抗劑可(例如)用作抗高血壓劑或用於治療充血性心臟衰竭。
AT1受體拮抗劑之類別包含具有不同結構特徵之化合物,基本上較佳者為非肽者。例如,可能提及選自由以下組成之群之化合物:纈沙坦(valsartan)、氯沙坦(losartan)、坎地沙坦(candesartan)、依普羅沙坦(eprosartan)、厄貝沙坦(irbesartan)、沙普立沙坦(Saprisartan)、他索沙坦(tasosartan)、替米沙坦(telmisartan)、具有名稱E-1477之下式化合物
具有名稱SC-52458之下式化合物
及具有名稱ZD-8731之下式化合物
或在每一情況下其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
較佳AT1-受體拮抗劑係彼等已出售之藥劑,最佳者係纈沙坦或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
術語「鈣通道阻斷劑(CCB)」包括二氫吡啶(DHP)及非DHP(例如,地爾硫卓(diltiazem)型及維拉帕米(verapamil)型CCB)。實例包括胺氯地平(amlodipine)、非洛地平(felodipine)、瑞西丁(ryosidine)、伊拉地平(isradipine)、拉西地平(lacidipine)、尼卡地平(nicardipine)、硝苯地平(nifedipine)、尼古地平(niguldipine)、尼魯地平(niludipine)、尼莫地平(nimodipine)、尼索地平(nisoldipine)、尼群地平(nitrendipine)及尼伐地平(nivaldipine),且較佳為選自由以下組成之群之非DHP代表:氟桂利嗪(flunarizine)、普尼拉明(prenylamine)、地爾硫卓、芬地林(fendiline)、戈洛帕米(gallopamil)、米貝拉地爾(mibefradil)、阿尼帕米(anipamil)、噻帕米(tiapamil)及維拉帕米或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。CCB可用作抗高血壓藥、抗心絞痛藥或抗心律不整藥。
術語「利尿劑」包括噻嗪衍生物(例如,氯噻嗪、氫氯噻嗪、甲氯噻嗪及氯噻酮)。
術語「ApoA-I模擬物」包括D4F肽(例如,式D-W-F-K-A-F-Y-D-K-V-A-E-K-F-K-E-A-F)。
術語「抗糖尿病劑」包括促進胰島素自胰腺β-細胞分泌之胰島素分泌增強劑。實例包括雙胍衍生物(例如,二甲雙胍(metformin))、磺
醯脲(SU)(例如,甲苯磺丁脲、氯磺丙脲、妥拉磺脲(tolazamide)、乙磺己脲(acetohexamide)、4-氯-N-[(1-吡咯啶基胺基)羰基]-苯磺醯胺(格列克比脲(glycopyramide))、格列本脲(glibenclamide)(優降糖)、格列齊特(gliclazide)、1-丁基-3-間胺基苯磺醯、胺磺丁脲(carbutamide)、格列波脲(glibonuride)、格列吡嗪(glipizide)、格列喹酮(gliquidone)、格列派特(glisoxepid)、格列噻唑(glybuthiazole)、格列丁胺(glibuzole)、格列己脲(glyhexamide)、格列嘧啶(glymidine)、格列平脲(glypinamide)、苯磺丁脲(phenbutamide)及甲苯基環己脲(tolylcyclamide))或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。其他實例包括苯丙胺酸衍生物(例如,下式之那格列胺(nateglinide)[N-(反式-4-異丙基環己基羰基)-D-苯丙胺酸](參照EP 196222及EP 526171)
瑞格列奈(repaglinide)[(S)-2-乙氧基-4-{2-[[3-甲基-1-[2-(1-六氫吡啶基)苯基]丁基]胺基]-2-側氧基乙基}苯甲酸](參照EP 589874、EP 147850 A2(特定而言第61頁之實例11)及EP 207331 A1);(2S)-2-苄基-3-(順式-六氫-2-異吲哚啉基羰基)-丙酸鈣二水合物(例如,米格列奈(mitiglinide)(參照EP 507534));及格列美脲(glimepiride)(參照EP 31058)。其他實例包括DPP-IV抑制劑、GLP-1及GLP-1激動劑。
DPP-IV負責使GLP-1不活化。更特定而言,DPP-IV生成GLP-1受體拮抗劑且藉此縮短對GLP-1之生理反應。GLP-1係胰腺胰島素分泌之主要刺激物且對葡萄糖處置具有直接有益效應。
DPP-IV抑制劑可為肽性或較佳非肽性。在每一情況下,DPP-IV抑制劑一般地且具體地揭示於(例如)WO 98/19998、DE 196 16 486 A1、WO 00/34241及WO 95/15309中,在每一情況下,特定而言在工
作實例之化合物技術方案及最終產物中,最終產物之標的物、醫藥製劑及技術方案在此以引用該等公開案之方式併入本申請案中。較佳者係彼等分別具體地揭示於WO 98/19998之實例3及WO 00/34241之實例1中之化合物。當前出售之DPP-IV抑制劑之其他實例係沙格列汀(saxagliptin)、西他列汀(sitagliptin)、維達列汀(vidagliptin)及利拉列汀(linagliptin)。
GLP-1係(例如)由W.E.Schmidt等人闡述於Diabetologia,28,1985,704-707中及闡述於US 5,705,483中之促胰島素蛋白質。
術語「GLP-1激動劑」包括GLP-1(7-36)NH2之變體及類似物,其特定而言揭示於US 5,120,712、US 5,118666、US 5,512,549、WO 91/11457中且由C.Orskov等人揭示於J.Biol.Chem.264(1989)12826中。其他實例包括GLP-1(7-37)(在該化合物中,Arg36之羧基末端醯胺官能團經GLP-1(7-36)NH2分子之第37位之Gly置換)及其變體及類似物,包括GLN9-GLP-1(7-37)、D-GLN9-GLP-1(7-37)、乙醯基LYS9-GLP-1(7-37)、LYS18-GLP-1(7-37)且特定而言,GLP-1(7-37)OH、VAL8-GLP-1(7-37)、GLY8-GLP-1(7-37)、THR8-GLP-1(7-37)、MET8-GLP-1(7-37)及4-咪唑丙醯基-GLP-1。特佳者亦為由Greig等人闡述於Diabetologia 1999,42,45-50中之GLP激動劑類似物艾塞那肽-4(exendin-4)。
在定義「抗糖尿病劑」中亦包括胰島素敏感性增強劑,其恢復胰島素受體功能受損以降低胰島素抵抗且因此增強胰島素敏感性。實例包括降血糖性噻唑啶二酮衍生物(例如,格列酮(glitazone)、(S)-((3,4-二氫-2-(苯基-甲基)-2H-1-苯并吡喃-6-基)甲基-噻唑啶2,4-二酮(恩格列酮(englitazone))、5-{[4-(3-(5-甲基-2-苯基-4-噁唑基)-1-側氧基丙基)-苯基]-甲基}-噻唑啶-2,4-二酮(達格列酮(darglitazone))、5-{[4-(1-甲基-環己基)甲氧基)-苯基]甲基}-噻唑啶-2,4-二酮(環格列酮
(ciglitazone))、5-{[4-(2-(1-吲哚基)乙氧基)苯基]甲基}-噻唑啶-2,4-二酮(DRF2189)、5-{4-[2-(5-甲基-2-苯基-4-噁唑基)-乙氧基)]苄基}-噻唑啶-2,4-二酮(BM-13.1246)、5-(2-萘基磺醯基)-噻唑啶-2,4-二酮(AY-31637)、雙{4-[(2,4-二側氧基-5-噻唑啶基)甲基]苯基}甲烷(YM268)、5-{4-[2-(5-甲基-2-苯基-4-噁唑基)-2-羥基乙氧基]苄基}-噻唑啶-2,4-二酮(AD-5075)、5-[4-(1-苯基-1-環丙烷羰基胺基)-苄基]-噻唑啶-2,4-二酮(DN-108)5-{[4-(2-(2,3-二氫吲哚-1-基)乙氧基)苯基]甲基}-噻唑啶-2,4-二酮、5-[3-(4-氯-苯基])-2-丙炔基]-5-苯基磺醯基)噻唑啶-2,4-二酮、5-[3-(4-氯苯基])-2-丙炔基]-5-(4-氟苯基-磺醯基)噻唑啶-2,4-二酮、5-{[4-(2-(甲基-2-吡啶基-胺基)-乙氧基)苯基]甲基}-噻唑啶-2,4-二酮(羅格列酮(rosiglitazone))、5-{[4-(2-(5-乙基-2-吡啶基)乙氧基)苯基]-甲基}噻唑啶-2,4-二酮(吡格列酮(pioglitazone))、5-{[4-((3,4-二氫-6-羥基-2,5,7,8-四甲基-2H-1-苯并吡喃-2-基)甲氧基)-苯基]-甲基}-噻唑啶-2,4-二酮(曲格列酮(troglitazone))、5-[6-(2-氟-苄氧基)萘-2-基甲基]-噻唑啶-2,4-二酮(MCC555)、5-{[2-(2-萘基)-苯并噁唑-5-基]-甲基}噻唑啶-2,4-二酮(T-174)及5-(2,4-二側氧基噻唑啶-5-基甲基)-2-甲氧基-N-(4-三氟甲基-苄基)苄醯胺(KRP297))。
其他抗糖尿病劑包括胰島素信號傳導途徑調節劑,如蛋白質酪胺酸磷酸酶(PTPase)抑制劑、抗糖尿病性非小分子模擬化合物及麩醯胺酸-果糖-6-磷酸醯胺轉移酶(GFAT)抑制劑;影響肝葡萄糖產生失調之化合物,如葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6Pase)抑制劑、果糖-1,6-雙磷酸酶(F-1,6-Bpase)抑制劑、肝糖磷酸化酶(GP)抑制劑、升糖素受體拮抗劑及磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧基激酶(PEPCK)抑制劑;丙酮酸去氫酶激酶(PDHK)抑制劑;胃排空抑制劑;胰島素;GSK-3抑制劑;類視色素X受體(RXR)激動劑;β-3 AR激動劑;解偶聯蛋白質(UCP)激動劑;非格列酮型PPARγ激動劑;雙重性PPARα/PPARγ激動劑;抗糖尿病性
含釩化合物;腸促胰液素激素,如升糖素樣肽-1(GLP-1)及GLP-1激動劑;β-細胞咪唑啉受體拮抗劑;米格列醇(miglitol);α2-腎上腺素能拮抗劑;及其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
術語「減肥劑」包括脂酶抑制劑(例如,奧利司他(orlistat))及食欲抑制劑(例如,西布曲明(sibutramine)及芬特明(phentermine))。
醛固酮合成酶抑制劑或其醫藥上可接受之鹽應理解為具有抑制醛固酮產生之性質之活性成份。醛固酮合成酶(CYP11B2)係腎上腺皮質中催化產生醛固酮之最後步驟(即將11-去氧皮質固酮轉化成醛固酮)之粒線體細胞色素P450酶。已知利用所謂的醛固酮合成酶抑制劑來抑制醛固酮產生為治療低鉀血症、高血壓、充血性心臟衰竭、心房纖維性顫動或腎衰竭之成功變型方式。彼等熟習此項技術者根據標準分析(例如,US 2007/0049616)容易確定此醛固酮合成酶抑制活性。
醛固酮合成酶抑制劑之類別包含類固醇及非類固醇醛固酮合成酶抑制劑二者,最佳為後者。
較佳者為市售醛固酮合成酶抑制劑或彼等已由衛生當局批準之醛固酮合成酶抑制劑。
醛固酮合成酶抑制劑之類別包含具有不同結構特徵之化合物。例如,可能提及選自由以下組成之群之化合物:非類固醇芳香酶抑制劑阿那曲唑(anastrozole)、法倔唑(fadrozole)(包括其(+)-鏡像異構物)以及類固醇芳香酶抑制劑依西美坦(exemestane)或在每一情況下(若適用)其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
最佳非類固醇醛固酮合成酶抑制劑係下式之法倔唑鹽酸鹽之(+)-鏡像異構物(美國專利4617307及4889861)
或(若適合)其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
較佳類固醇醛固酮拮抗劑係下式之依普利酮(eplerenone)(參照EP 122232 A)
或螺內酯;或在每一情況下(若適合)其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
可用於該組合中之醛固酮合成酶抑制劑係一般地且具體地揭示於(例如)US2007/0049616中之化合物及類似物,特定而言在工作實例之化合物技術方案及最終產物中,最終產物之標的物、醫藥製劑及技術方案在此以引用此公開案之方式併入本申請案中。適用於本發明中之較佳醛固酮合成酶抑制劑包括但不限於4-(6,7-二氫-5H-吡咯並[1,2-c]咪唑-5-基)-3-甲基苄腈;5-(2-氯-4-氰基苯基)-6,7-二氫-5H-吡咯並[1,2-c]咪唑-5-甲酸(4-甲氧基苄基)甲基醯胺;4’-氟-6-(6,7,8,9-四氫-5H-咪唑并[1,5-a]氮呯-5-基)聯苯-3-甲腈;5-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-6,7-二氫-5H-吡咯並[1,2-c]咪唑-5-甲酸丁酯;4-(6,7-二氫-5H-吡咯並[1,2-c]咪唑-5-基)-2-甲氧基苄腈;5-(2-氯-4-氰基苯基)-6,7-二氫-5H-吡咯並[1,2-c]咪唑-5-甲酸4-氟苄酯;5-(4-氰基-2-三氟甲氧基苯基)-6,7-二氫-5H-吡咯並[1,2-c]咪唑-5-甲酸甲酯;5-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-6,7-二氫-5H-吡咯並[1,2-c]咪唑-5-甲酸2-異丙氧基乙酯;4-(6,7-二氫-5H-吡咯並[1,2-c]咪唑-5-基)-2-甲基苄腈;4-(6,7-二氫-5H-吡咯並[1,2-c]咪唑-5-基)-3-氟苄腈;4-(6,7-二氫-5H-吡咯並[1,2-c]咪唑-5-基)-2-甲氧基苄腈;3-氟-4-(7-亞甲基-6,7-二氫-5H-吡咯並[1,2-c]咪唑-5-基)苄腈;順式-3-氟-4-[7-(4-氟-苄基)-5,6,7,8-四氫-咪唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-5-基]
苄腈;4’-氟-6-(9-甲基-6,7,8,9-四氫-5H-咪唑并[1,5-a]氮呯-5-基)聯苯-3-甲腈;4’-氟-6-(9-甲基-6,7,8,9-四氫-5H-咪唑并[1,5-a]氮呯-5-基)聯苯-3-甲腈或在每一情況下其(R)或(S)鏡像異構物;或(若適合)其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
術語醛固酮合成酶抑制劑亦包括揭示於WO2008/076860、WO2008/076336、WO2008/076862、WO2008/027284、WO2004/046145、WO2004/014914、WO2001/076574中之化合物及類似物。
此外,醛固酮合成酶抑制劑亦包括揭示於美國專利申請案US2007/0225232、US2007/0208035、US2008/0318978、US2008/0076794、US2009/0012068、US20090048241及PCT申請案WO2006/005726、WO2006/128853、WO2006128851、WO2006/128852、WO2007065942、WO2007/116099、WO2007/116908、WO2008/119744及歐洲專利申請案EP 1886695中之化合物及類似物。適用於本發明中之較佳醛固酮合成酶抑制劑包括但不限於8-(4-氟苯基)-5,6-二氫-8H-咪唑并[5,1-c][1,4]噁嗪;4-(5,6-二氫-8H-咪唑并[5,1-c][1,4]噁嗪-8-基)-2-氟苄腈;4-(5,6-二氫-8H-咪唑并[5,1-c][1,4]噁嗪-8-基)-2,6-二氟苄腈;4-(5,6-二氫-8H-咪唑并[5,1-c][1,4]噁嗪-8-基)-2-甲氧基苄腈;3-(5,6-二氫-8H-咪唑并[5,1-c][1,4]噁嗪-8-基)苄腈;4-(5,6-二氫-8H-咪唑并[5,1-c][1,4]噁嗪-8-基)鄰苯二甲腈;4-(8-(4-氰基苯基)-5,6-二氫-8H-咪唑并[5,1-c][1,4]噁嗪-8-基)苄腈;4-(5,6-二氫-8H-咪唑并[5,1-c][1,4]噁嗪-8-基)苄腈;4-(5,6-二氫-8H-咪唑并[5,1-c][1,4]噁嗪-8-基)萘-1-甲腈;8-[4-(1 H-四唑-5-基)苯基1-5,6-二氫-8H-咪唑并[5,1-c][1,4]噁嗪(如由Speedel所研發)或在每一情況下其(R)或(S)鏡像異構物;或(若適合)其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
可用於該組合中之醛固酮合成酶抑制劑係一般地且具體地揭示
於(例如)WO 2009/156462及WO 2010/130796中之化合物及類似物,特定而言在工作實例之化合物技術方案及最終產物中,最終產物之標的物、醫藥製劑及技術方案。
適用於本發明中之組合之較佳醛固酮合成酶抑制劑包括3-(6-氟-3-甲基-2-吡啶-3-基-1H-吲哚-1-基甲基)-苄腈鹽酸鹽、1-(4-甲烷磺醯基-苄基)-3-甲基-2-吡啶-3-基-1H-吲哚、2-(5-苄氧基-吡啶-3-基)-6-氯-1-甲基-1H-吲哚、5-(3-氰基-1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-基)-菸酸乙酯、N-[5-(6-氯-3-氰基-1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-基)-吡啶-3-基甲基]-乙磺醯胺、吡咯啶-1-磺酸5-(6-氯-3-氰基-1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-基)-吡啶-3-基酯、N-甲基-N-[5-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-基)-吡啶-3-基甲基]-甲烷磺醯胺、6-氯-1-甲基-2-{5-[(2-吡咯啶-1-基-乙基胺基)-甲基]-吡啶-3-基}-1H-吲哚-3-甲腈、6-氯-2-[5-(4-甲烷磺醯基-六氫吡嗪-1-基甲基)-吡啶-3-基]-1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-甲腈、6-氯-1-甲基-2-{5-[(1-甲基-六氫吡啶-4-基胺基)-甲基]-吡啶-3-基}-1H-吲哚-3-甲腈、嗎啉-4-甲酸[5-(6-氯-3-氰基-1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-基)-吡啶-3-基甲基]-醯胺、N-[5-(6-氯-1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-基)-吡啶-3-基甲基]-乙磺醯胺、C,C,C-三氟-N-[5-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-基)-吡啶-3-基甲基]-甲烷磺醯胺、N-[5-(3-氯-4-氰基-苯基)-吡啶-3-基]-4-三氟甲基-苯磺醯胺、N-[5-(3-氯-4-氰基-苯基)-吡啶-3-基]-1-苯基-甲烷磺醯胺、N-(5-(3-氯-4-氰基苯基)吡啶-3-基)丁烷-1-磺醯胺、N-(1-(5-(4-氰基-3-甲氧基苯基)吡啶-3-基)乙基)乙磺醯胺、N-((5-(3-氯-4-氰基苯基)吡啶-3-基)(環丙基)甲基)乙磺醯胺、N-(環丙基(5-(1H-吲哚-5-基)吡啶-3-基)甲基)乙磺醯胺、N-(環丙基(5-萘-1-基-吡啶-3-基)甲基)乙磺醯胺、乙磺酸[5-(6-氯-1-甲基-1H-吡咯並[2,3-b]吡啶-2-基)-吡啶-3-基甲基]-醯胺及乙磺酸{[5-(3-氯-4-氰基-苯基)-吡啶-3-基]-環丙基-甲基}-乙基-醯胺。
術語「內皮素受體阻斷劑」包括波生坦。
術語「CETP抑制劑」係指抑制膽固醇酯轉移蛋白質(CETP)介導之各種膽固醇酯及三酸甘油酯自HDL轉運至LDL及VLDL之化合物。彼等熟習此項技術者根據標準分析(例如,美國專利第6,140,343號)容易確定此CETP抑制活性。實例包括揭示於美國專利第6,140,343號及美國專利第6,197,786號中之化合物(例如,[2R,4S]4-[(3,5-雙-三氟甲基-苄基)-甲氧基羰基-胺基]-2-乙基-6-三氟甲基-3,4-二氫-2H-喹啉-1-甲酸乙酯(托徹普(torcetrapib));揭示於美國專利第6,723,752號中之化合物(例如,(2R)-3-{[3-(4-氯-3-乙基-苯氧基)-苯基]-[[3-(1,1,2,2-四氟-乙氧基)-苯基]-甲基]-胺基}-1,1,1-三氟-2-丙醇);揭示於美國專利申請案第10/807,838號中之化合物;揭示於美國專利第5,512,548號中之多肽衍生物;分別揭示於J.Antibiot.,49(8):815-816(1996)及Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.;6:1951-1954(1996)中之玫瑰酮內酯衍生物及含磷酸的膽固醇酯類似物。此外,CETP抑制劑亦包括彼等揭示於WO2000/017165、WO2005/095409及WO2005/097806中者。
可用於該組合中之CETP抑制劑係一般地且具體地揭示於(例如)WO 2008/009435、WO 2009/059943及WO 2009/071509中之化合物及類似物,特定而言在工作實例之化合物技術方案及最終產物中,最終產物之標的物、醫藥製劑及技術方案。
磷酸二酯酶5型(PDE5)抑制劑之實例係西地那非(sildenafil)、阿伐那非(avanafil)、伊地那非(iodenafil)、米羅那非(mirodenafil)、他達拉非(tadalafil)、伐地那非(vardenafil)及烏地那非(udenafil)。
特別關注之第二藥劑包括內皮素拮抗劑、腎素抑制劑、血管收縮素II受體拮抗劑、磷酸二酯酶5型(PDE5)抑制劑、鈣通道阻斷劑、利尿劑、抗糖尿病劑(例如DPPIV抑制劑)及醛固酮合成酶抑制劑。
在一個實施例中,本發明提供包含治療有效量之根據式I、II、III或IV之定義之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及一或多種選自以下之
治療活性劑之組合、特定而言醫藥組合:HMG-Co-A還原酶抑制劑、血管收縮素II受體拮抗劑、血管收縮素轉化酶(ACE)抑制劑、鈣通道阻斷劑(CCB)、內皮素拮抗劑、腎素抑制劑、利尿劑、ApoA-I模擬物、抗糖尿病劑、減肥劑、醛固酮受體阻斷劑、內皮素受體阻斷劑、醛固酮合成酶抑制劑(ASI)、CETP抑制劑及磷酸二酯酶5型(PDE5)抑制劑。
在一個實施例中,本發明提供抑制個體之中性肽鏈內切酶之方法,其中該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之根據式I、II、III或IV之定義之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在一個實施例中,本發明提供治療個體之與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關之病症或疾病之方法,其中該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之根據式I、II、III或IV之定義之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
在一個實施例中,本發明提供治療個體之與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關之病症或疾病之方法,其中該病症或該疾病係選自高血壓、肺性高血壓、肺動脈高血壓、單純收縮期高血壓、頑固性高血壓、外周血管疾病、心臟衰竭、充血性心臟衰竭、左心室肥大、心絞痛、腎功能不全(糖尿病性或非糖尿病性)、腎衰竭(包括水腫及鹽滯留)、糖尿病性腎病變、非糖尿病性腎病變、顯影劑誘導之腎病變、腎病症候群、腎小球性腎炎、硬皮症、腎小球硬化、原發性腎病之蛋白尿、腎血管高血壓、糖尿病性視網膜病變及晚期腎病(ESRD)、內皮功能紊亂、舒張功能障礙、肥大性心肌病變、糖尿病性心肌病變、室上性及心室心律不整、心房纖維性顫動(AF)、心臟纖維化、心房撲動、有害血管重塑、斑塊穩定化、心肌梗塞(MI)、腎纖維化、多囊性腎病(PKD)、腎衰竭(包括水腫及鹽滯留)、週期性水腫、梅尼爾氏病、高醛固酮症(原發性及繼發性)、高尿鈣症、腹水、青光眼、月經病症、早產臨產、先兆子癇、子宮內膜異位及生殖障礙(尤其男性不育與女
性不孕、多囊卵巢、植入失敗)、哮喘、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停、發炎、白血病、疼痛、癲癇、情感障礙(例如抑鬱及精神性病況,例如癡呆及老年意識混亂)、肥胖及胃腸病症(尤其腹瀉及刺激性腸症候群)、創傷癒合(尤其糖尿病性及靜脈性潰瘍及褥瘡)、敗血性休克、胃酸分泌功能障礙、高腎素血症、囊性纖維化、再狹窄、2型糖尿病、代謝症候群、糖尿病性併發症、動脈粥樣硬化以及男性及女性性功能障礙。在再一實施例中,本發明提供治療個體之與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關之病症或疾病之方法,其中該病症或該疾病係選自高血壓、肺性高血壓、單純收縮期高血壓、頑固性高血壓、外周血管疾病、充血性心臟衰竭及肺動脈高血壓。
在一個實施例中,本發明提供根據式I、II、III或IV之定義之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其用作藥劑。
在一個實施例中,本發明提供根據式I、II、III或IV之定義之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之用途,其用於治療個體之與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關之病症或疾病。
在一個實施例中,本發明提供根據式I、II、III或IV之定義之化合物之用途,其用於製造用以治療個體之特徵在於中性肽鏈內切酶活性之病症或疾病的藥劑,其中該病症或疾病特定而言係選自高血壓、肺性高血壓、肺動脈高血壓、單純收縮期高血壓、頑固性高血壓、外周血管疾病、心臟衰竭、充血性心臟衰竭、左心室肥大、心絞痛、腎功能不全(糖尿病性或非糖尿病性)、腎衰竭(包括水腫及鹽滯留)、糖尿病性腎病變、非糖尿病性腎病變、顯影劑誘導之腎病變、腎病症候群、腎小球性腎炎、硬皮症、腎小球硬化、原發性腎病之蛋白尿、腎血管高血壓、糖尿病性視網膜病變及晚期腎病(ESRD)、內皮功能紊亂、舒張功能障礙、肥大性心肌病變、糖尿病性心肌病變、室上性及心室心律不整、心房纖維性顫動(AF)、心臟纖維化、心房撲動、有害
血管重塑、斑塊穩定化、心肌梗塞(MI)、腎纖維化、多囊性腎病(PKD)、腎衰竭(包括水腫及鹽滯留)、週期性水腫、梅尼爾氏病、高醛固酮症(原發性及繼發性)、高尿鈣症、腹水、青光眼、月經病症、早產臨產、先兆子癇、子宮內膜異位、及生殖障礙(尤其男性不育與女性不孕、多囊卵巢、植入失敗)、哮喘、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停、發炎、白血病、疼痛、癲癇、情感障礙(例如抑鬱及精神性病況,例如癡呆及老年意識混亂)、肥胖及胃腸病症(尤其腹瀉及刺激性腸症候群)、創傷癒合(尤其糖尿病性及靜脈性潰瘍及褥瘡)、敗血性休克、胃酸分泌功能障礙、高腎素血症、囊性纖維化、再狹窄、2型糖尿病、代謝症候群、糖尿病性併發症、動脈粥樣硬化以及男性及女性性功能障礙。在再一實施例中,本發明提供根據式I、II、III或IV之定義之化合物的用途,其用於製造用以治療個體之特徵在於中性肽鏈內切酶活性之病症或疾病的藥劑,其中該病症或疾病特定而言係選自高血壓、肺性高血壓、單純收縮期高血壓、頑固性高血壓、外周血管疾病、充血性心臟衰竭及肺動脈高血壓。
在一個實施例中,本發明提供根據式I、II、III或IV之定義之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽的用途,其用於治療個體之特徵在於中性肽鏈內切酶活性之病症或疾病,其中該病症或疾病係選自高血壓、肺性高血壓、肺動脈高血壓、單純收縮期高血壓、頑固性高血壓、外周血管疾病、心臟衰竭、充血性心臟衰竭、左心室肥大、心絞痛、腎功能不全(糖尿病性或非糖尿病性)、腎衰竭(包括水腫及鹽滯留)、糖尿病性腎病變、非糖尿病性腎病變、顯影劑誘導之腎病變、腎病症候群、腎小球性腎炎、硬皮症、腎小球硬化、原發性腎病之蛋白尿、腎血管高血壓、糖尿病性視網膜病變及晚期腎病(ESRD)、內皮功能紊亂、舒張功能障礙、肥大性心肌病變、糖尿病性心肌病變、室上性及心室心律不整、心房纖維性顫動(AF)、心臟纖維化、心房撲動、有害
血管重塑、斑塊穩定化、心肌梗塞(MI)、腎纖維化、多囊性腎病(PKD)、腎衰竭(包括水腫及鹽滯留)、週期性水腫、梅尼爾氏病、高醛固酮症(原發性及繼發性)、高尿鈣症、腹水、青光眼、月經病症、早產臨產、先兆子癇、子宮內膜異位、生殖障礙(尤其男性不育與女性不孕、多囊卵巢、植入失敗)、哮喘、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停、發炎、白血病、疼痛、癲癇、情感障礙(例如抑鬱及精神性病況,例如癡呆及老年意識混亂)、肥胖及胃腸病症(尤其腹瀉及刺激性腸症候群)、創傷癒合(尤其糖尿病性及靜脈性潰瘍及褥瘡)、敗血性休克、胃酸分泌功能障礙、高腎素血症、囊性纖維化、再狹窄、2型糖尿病、代謝症候群、糖尿病性併發症、動脈粥樣硬化以及男性及女性性功能障礙,且更特定而言,該疾病或病症係選自高血壓、肺性高血壓、單純收縮期高血壓、頑固性高血壓、外周血管疾病、充血性心臟衰竭及肺動脈高血壓。
以下實例意欲闡釋本發明而不應理解為限制本發明。溫度係以攝氏度表示。若不另外提及,則所有蒸發皆係在通常在約15mm Hg與100mm Hg(=20-133毫巴)之間之減低壓力下實施。最終產物、中間體及起始材料之結構係藉由標準分析方法(例如微量分析法及光譜特徵分析法(例如MS、IR、NMR))來確認。所用縮寫係彼等業內習用者。
用於合成本發明化合物之所有起始材料、結構單元、試劑、酸、鹼、去水劑、溶劑及觸媒皆市面有售或可藉由熟習此項技術者已知之有機合成方法製得(Houben-Weyl第4版,1952,Methods of Organic Synthesis,Thieme,第21卷)。此外,本發明化合物可藉由如以下實例中所示為熟習此項技術者所已知之有機合成方法製得。
以下實例意欲闡釋本發明而不應理解為限制本發明。溫度係以攝氏度表示。若不另外提及,則所有蒸發皆係在較佳在約15mm Hg與100mm Hg(=20-133毫巴)之間之減低壓力下實施。最終產物、中間體及起始材料之結構係藉由標準分析方法(例如微量分析法及光譜
特徵分析法(例如MS、IR、NMR))來確認。所用縮寫係彼等業內習用者。
用於合成本發明化合物之所有起始材料、結構單元、試劑、酸、鹼、去水劑、溶劑及觸媒皆市面有售或可藉由熟習此項技術者已知之有機合成方法製得(Houben-Weyl第4版,1952,Methods of Organic Synthesis,Thieme,第21卷)。此外,本發明化合物可藉由如以下實例中所示為熟習此項技術者所已知之有機合成方法製得。
向(R)-4-(4-溴苯基)-3-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)丁酸(HBC2251,14g,39mmol)及5-氯-2-氟苯基酸(8.5g,49mmol)於300mL H2O之溶液中添加Na2CO3(12.5g,118mmol)。使此溶液升溫至40℃並添加9mL THF,之後添加Pd(PPh3)2Cl2(0.6g,0.86mmol)。然後在60℃下將反應混合物攪拌約1天。將反應混合物冷卻至23℃,且在真空中去除THF。經由矽藻土將所得水性懸浮液過濾且用H2O洗滌固體。然後用約3:1乙酸異丙酯/丙酮(400mL)萃取合併之濾液及H2O洗滌物。分離後,丟棄有機層。將TBME(300mL)添加至水層,之後緩慢添加6N HCl(32mL)。然後分離有機層並經由矽藻土過濾。用TBME洗滌固體。將合併之濾液及洗滌物濃縮至灰白色固體(14.96g,36.7mmol,
94%產率,約96% UV純度,藉由LCMS測定)。LCMS(ES-)C21H23ClFNO4:計算值:407.1;實驗值:406.4[M-H]+。
藉由HPLC在製備型Chiralpak ID管柱上使用庚烷/TBME 98:2及極化檢測器來拆分碳酸1-氯乙酯環己酯。自此拆分,在Chiralpak ID管柱上測定峰2具有98% ee且將其用於後續步驟。在0℃下向碳酸1-氯乙酯環己酯(來自Chiralpak ID管柱庚烷/TBME 98:2之第二溶析異構物)(1.75g,8.47mmol)及(R)-3-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)-4-(5'-氯-2'-氟-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基)丁酸(1.5g,3.68mmol)於35mL無水DMF之溶液中添加碳酸銫(1.2g,3.68mmol)。在將反應混合物攪拌5min後,去除冰浴且在23℃下將反應混合物攪拌4.5小時。LCMS顯示反應完成約40%。將反應混合物攪拌約18小時,此時LCMS顯示反應完成約95%。用乙酸乙酯稀釋反應混合物且用飽和氯化銨水溶液(水層pH值為約6-7)洗滌。分離後,用乙酸乙酯將水層萃取兩次。將合併之有機層用水洗滌一次,用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌一次,經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,濃縮並藉由矽膠層析在Iseo RediSep 120g二氧化矽濾筒(0-20%乙酸乙酯-庚烷)上純化,提供(3R)-3-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)-4-(5'-氯-2'-氟-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基)丁酸1-(((環己氧基)羰基)氧基)乙酯(2.07g,97%產率,95.8% ee,如在分析型超臨界流體HPLC上使用Chiralpak AD-H 5-55%具有20mM NH4OH之MeOH於CO2中所測定。LCMS(ES+)
C30H37ClFNO7:計算值:577.2;實驗值:578.3[M+H]+。
向(3R)-3-((第三丁氧基羰基)胺基)-4-(5'-氯-2'-氟-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基)丁酸1-(((環己氧基)羰基)氧基)乙酯(2.02g,3.49mmol)中添加9mL於1,4-二噁烷中之4M HCl。在23℃下將反應混合物攪拌約1小時。將反應混合物大致蒸發至乾燥,提供(3R)-3-胺基-4-(5'-氯-2'-氟-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基)丁酸1-(((環己氧基)羰基)氧基)乙酯(約1.73g,104%)且直接用於下一步驟。LCMS(ES+)C25H29ClFNO5:計算值:477.2;實驗值:478.2[M+H]+。
向3-膦醯基丙酸(1.62g,10.5mmol)於15mL無水DMF之溶液中添加HATU(4g,10.5mmol)。將反應混合物冷卻至0℃且緩慢地添加二異丙基乙胺(9mL,51.5mmol),使得反應混合物變為鮮黃色。在完成添加後,去除冰浴且在23℃下將反應混合物攪拌約20min。然後將(3R)-3-胺基-4-(5'-氯-2'-氟-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基)丁酸1-(((環己氧基)羰基)
氧基)乙酯(1.73g,3.36mmol)於15mL無水DMF中之溶液添加至反應混合物,然後在23℃下攪拌約2.5天。藉由UV對反應混合物之LCMS顯示產物:起始材料之約2:1混合物。將額外二異丙基乙胺(2.4mL,13.7mmol)添加至反應混合物,之後添加3-膦醯基丙酸(0.54g,3.5mmol)及HATU(1.3g,3.5mmol)。在23℃下將反應混合物攪拌約4小時。藉由UV,LCMS顯示產物:起始材料之約10:1比率。在23℃下將反應混合物攪拌約18h。藉由UV,LCMS顯示產物:起始材料之約20:1比率。用乙酸乙酯稀釋反應混合物且用3N HCl(水溶液)洗滌直至藉由LCMS觀察不到HATU-源極性雜質(例如4×洗滌)。將有機層用水洗滌,然後用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌,經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。將所得白色固體在甲苯中攪拌約3天,然後過濾並在高真空中乾燥,提供1.3g(3-(((R)-1-(5'-氯-2'-氟-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基)-4-((S)-1-(((環己氧基)羰基)氧基)乙氧基)-4-側氧基丁-2-基)胺基)-3-側氧基丙基)膦酸(2.1mmol,62%產率)。藉由X射線結晶學測定絕對立體化學結構。將產物分離為結晶形式A。HRMS(ES+)C28H34ClFNO9P:計算值:613.2;實驗值:614.2[M+H]+。1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:10.45(br s,2H),8.05(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.58(dd,J=6.8,2.7Hz,1H),7.50(dd,J=8.2,1.5Hz,2H),7.46(ddd,J=6.6,4.3,2.1Hz,1H),7.37(dd,J=10.3,8.8Hz,1H),7.30(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),6.61(q,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.49-4.59(m,1H),4.21-4.34(m,1H),2.71-2.86(m,2H),2.49-2.52(m,2H),2.10-2.27(m,2H),1.75-1.88(m,2H),1.63(m,4H),1.14-1.51(m,9H)。
自更大批量之(3-(((R)-1-(5'-氯-2'-氟-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基)-4-((S)-1-(((環己氧基)羰基)氧基)乙氧基)-4-側氧基丁-2-基)胺基)-3-側氧基丙基)膦酸獲得結晶形式A之以下X射線粉末繞射(XPRD)、示差掃描量熱法(DSC)及熱重分析(TGA),該膦酸係以類似於上文所述之程序製備。
在具有CuKα陽極(CuKα輻射(λ=1.5418Å))之BrukerTM D8 GADDS Discover繞射儀上記錄x射線粉末繞射圖案。
由此測定之X射線繞射圖案以最重要線之反射線示於圖1中且呈現於下表2中。
水含量(卡耳費雪(Karl Fischer)滴定):0.77% m/m*(質量/質量)
實驗數據對應於(3-(((R)-1-(5'-氯-2'-氟-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基)-4-((S)-1-(((環己氧基)羰基)氧基)乙氧基)-4-側氧基丁-2-基)胺基)-3-側氧基丙基)膦酸之游離酸之期望值
使用TA Instruments Q2000(DSC)及Q5000(TGA)獲得形式A之示差掃描量熱法(DSC)及熱重分析(TGA)跡線
其中利用鋁盤(TI20608);加熱速率為10C°/min,溫度範圍:25至250℃。熔化吸熱:T起始=146.09,△H=66.56J/g;熔融起始前有0.38%之小初始重量損失。
將0.5-1.0mg測試物質準確稱量至密閉試樣盤中。使用空試樣盤作為參照物。將DSC溫度記錄圖記錄如下:將裝置之溫度調節至約-40℃,並在50mL/min之氮流下以10℃/min之加熱速率加熱至300℃。利用至少99.9999%純之銦針對溫度及焓校準儀器。利用此方法所量測試樣溫度之準確度在約±1℃內,且熔化熱可在約±5%之相對誤差內量測。
將0.5-1.0mg測試物質準確稱量至敞口試樣盤中。將TGA溫度記錄圖記錄如下:將試樣加載至爐中,使溫度平衡至30℃並在25mL/min之氮流下以10℃/min之加熱速率加熱至300℃。
利用鎳及鋁校準儀器之溫度,且利用100mg標準物校準其重量。
將(R)-3-胺基-4-(5'-氯-2'-氟-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基)丁酸乙酯(114mg,0.306mmol)、3-膦醯基丙酸(47.2mg,0.306mmol)、EDC(58.7mg,0.306mmol)及HOBT(46.9mg,0.306mmol)大部分溶解於DMF(1mL)中,並添加DIPEA(0.321mL,1.837mmol)。攪拌反應混合物且在70℃下將其加熱約18小時,然後過濾並藉由HPLC純化:30-80% ACN/H2O 0.1% TFA,40mL/min經15min 30×100 Sunfire C18,產物溶析約5.5-8min。以20-55%梯度經20min再純化混合部分,且將產物溶析約12.5-13min。將各部分蒸發至乾燥,提供(R)-(3-((1-(5'-氯-2'-氟-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基)-4-乙氧基-4-側氧基丁-2-基)胺基)-3-側氧基丙基)膦酸(17mg)LCMS(ES+)C21H24ClFNO6P:計算值:471.1;實驗值:472.0[M+H]+。
將(R)-(3-((1-(5'-氯-2'-氟-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基)-4-乙氧基-4-側氧基丁-2-基)胺基)-3-側氧基丙基)膦酸(17mg,0.036mmol)與0.144mL 1N NaOH、0.288mL水、然後0.5mL MeOH一起攪拌。添加額外0.2mL 1N NaOH且將溶液加熱至50℃並保持1小時。蒸發溶劑,在23℃下添加0.4mL 1N HCl且將混合物再次濃縮至乾燥。添加乙腈,並過濾混合物且藉由HPLC純化:20-55% ACN/H2O 0.1% TFA經8min,40mL/min 30×10 Sunfire C18,產物溶析7-7.5min。(R)-4-(5'-氯-2'-氟-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基)-3-(3-膦醯基丙醯胺基)丁酸(3.3mg)。LCMS(ES+)
C19H20ClFNO6P:計算值:443.1;實驗值:444.1[M+H]+。1H NMR(MeOD)δ:7.46-7.41(m,3H),7.37-7.35(m,2H),7.33-7.29(m,1H),7.16(dd,J=10.2,8.8Hz,1H),4.44(m,1H),3.01(dd,J=13.5,5.5Hz,1H),2.83(dd,J=21.3,7.8Hz,1H),2.44-2.31(m,4H),1.73-1.62(m,2H)
根據實例1中所述之方法製備實例3.1-3.15。使用來自Chiralpak ID管柱庚烷/TBME 98:2之首先溶析之異構物製備實例3.1。
可以看出,本發明化合物可用作中性肽鏈內切酶活性抑制劑且因此可用於治療與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關之疾病及病況,例如本文所揭示之疾病。
另外,本發明化合物不誘發CNS中Aβ肽濃度之增加或僅誘發其少量增加且可提供有益之安全性輪廓。
應理解,本發明可僅藉助實例來闡述且在仍屬於本發明之範圍及精神時對本發明作出修改。
Claims (21)
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其中R2係Cl且R3係F;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其中R1係-C1-7烷基或C6-10芳基;其中烷基視情況經一或多個獨立地選自由以下組成之群之取代基取代:-O-C(O)-O-C3-7環烷基、-O-C(O)-C3-7環烷基、-O-C(O)-C6-10芳基、-O-C(O)-O-C6-10芳基、-O-C(O)-O-C1-7烷基、-O-C(O)-C1-7烷基、雜芳基、雜環基、-C(O)-雜環基、-C(O)NH2、-C(O)NH-C1-7烷基及-C(O)N(C1-7烷基)2;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其中R1係-C1-4烷基,其中烷基視情況經一或多個獨立地選自由以下組成之群之取代基取代:-C(O)NH2、-C(O)NH-C1-7烷基及-C(O)N(C1-7烷基)2;或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
- 如請求項1之化合物,其係(R)-4-(5'-氯-2'-氟-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基)-3-(3-膦醯基丙醯胺基)丁酸,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
- 如請求項1之化合物,其係(3-(((2R)-1-(5'-氯-2'-氟-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基)-4-(1-(((環己氧基)羰基)氧基)乙氧基)-4-側氧基丁-2-基)胺基)-3-側氧基丙基)膦酸,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
- 如請求項1之化合物,其係(3-(((R)-1-(5'-氯-2'-氟-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基)-4-((S)-1-(((環己氧基)羰基)氧基)乙氧基)-4-側氧基丁-2-基)胺基)-3-側氧基丙基)膦酸,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
- 如請求項1之化合物,其係(3-(((R)-1-(5'-氯-2'-氟-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基)-4-((S)-1-(((環己氧基)羰基)氧基)乙氧基)-4-側氧基丁-2-基)胺基)-3-側氧基丙基)膦酸之游離酸結晶形式A,其特徵在於x射線粉末繞射圖案包含4個或更多個選自由以下組成之群之2θ值(CuKαλ=1.5418Å):16.5±0.2°、17.5±0.2°、17.8±0.2°、18.7±0.2°、20.2±0.2°、20.7±0.2°、21.7±0.2°、21.9±0.2°、24.1±0.2°、24.6±0.2°、25.0±0.2°、25.5±0.2°及27.4±0.2°,該等2θ值係在約22℃及1.5418Å之x射線波長λ下量測。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含如請求項1至14中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及一或多種醫藥上可接受之載劑。
- 一種組合,其包含:如請求項1至14中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及一或多種選自以下之治療活性劑:HMG-Co-A還原酶抑制劑、血管收縮素受體阻斷劑、血管收縮素轉化酶抑制劑、鈣通道阻斷劑、內皮素拮抗劑、腎素抑制劑、利尿劑、ApoA-I模擬物、抗糖尿病劑、減肥劑、醛固酮受體阻斷劑、內皮素受體阻斷劑、醛固酮合成酶抑制劑、CETP抑制劑及磷酸二酯酶5型(PDE5)抑制劑。
- 一種如請求項1至14中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之用途,其用於製造用以抑制中性肽鏈內切酶活性之藥劑。
- 一種如請求項1至14中任一項之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之用途,其用於製造用以治療與中性肽鏈內切酶活性相關之病症或疾病之藥劑。
- 如請求項18之用途,其中該病症或該疾病係選自高血壓、頑固性高血壓、肺性高血壓、肺動脈高血壓、單純收縮期高血壓、外周血管疾病、心臟衰竭、充血性心臟衰竭、左心室肥大、心絞痛、腎功能不全、腎衰竭、糖尿病性腎病變、非糖尿病性腎病變、顯影劑誘導之腎病變、腎病症候群、腎小球性腎炎、硬皮症、腎小球硬化、原發性腎病之蛋白尿、腎血管高血壓、糖尿病性視網膜病變及晚期腎病(ESRD)、內皮功能紊亂、舒張功能障礙、肥大性心肌病變、糖尿病性心肌病變、室上性及心室心律不整、心房纖維性顫動(AF)、心臟纖維化、心房撲動、有害血管重塑、斑塊穩定化、心肌梗塞(MI)、腎纖維化、多囊性腎病(PKD)、週期性水腫、梅尼爾氏病(Menière’s disease)、高醛固酮症、高尿鈣症、腹水、青光眼、月經病症、早產臨產、先兆子癇、子宮內膜異位、及生殖障礙、哮喘、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停、發炎、白血病、疼痛、癲癇、情感障礙、抑鬱、精神性病況、癡呆、老年意識混亂、肥胖、胃腸病症、創傷癒合、敗血性休克、胃酸分泌功能障礙、高腎素血症、囊性纖維化、再狹窄、2型糖尿病、代謝症候群、糖尿病性併發症、動脈粥樣硬化以及男性及女性性功能障礙。
- 如請求項18或19之用途,其中該病症或該疾病係選自高血壓、肺性高血壓、單純收縮期高血壓、頑固性高血壓、外周血管疾病、充血性心臟衰竭或肺動脈高血壓。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其用作藥劑。
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