TWI633134B - 用於固化含(甲基)丙烯酸酯之不飽和聚酯(up)或乙烯酯(ve)樹脂的方法 - Google Patents
用於固化含(甲基)丙烯酸酯之不飽和聚酯(up)或乙烯酯(ve)樹脂的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI633134B TWI633134B TW104104425A TW104104425A TWI633134B TW I633134 B TWI633134 B TW I633134B TW 104104425 A TW104104425 A TW 104104425A TW 104104425 A TW104104425 A TW 104104425A TW I633134 B TWI633134 B TW I633134B
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- acrylate
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- reactive diluent
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種用於固化不飽和聚酯樹脂或乙烯酯樹脂之方法,該樹脂包括選自由以下各物組成之群的反應性稀釋劑:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯醯胺、甲基丙烯醯胺及其組合,該方法包括對該樹脂添加:(i)選自由以下各物組成之群的酮過氧化物:過氧化甲基異丙基酮、過氧化甲基異丁基酮、過氧化環己酮及其組合;及(ii)選自由Mn、Fe、及Cu組成之群的過渡金屬之化合物及其組合。
Description
通常經由使用過氧化物及過渡金屬鹽之氧化還原系統固化不飽和聚酯(UP)樹脂及乙烯酯(VE)樹脂。最常用於此類型之應用的過氧化物係過氧化甲基乙基酮(MEKP)。最常使用之過渡金屬係鈷,通常使用其2-乙基己酸鹽之形式,亦稱為辛酸鈷。
UP及VE樹脂通常包括反應性稀釋劑(習知係苯乙烯),以降低未固化樹脂的黏度及充當交聯劑。
習知的固化程序產生兩個環境及立法問題:鑒於其生殖毒性及預期之致癌性,法規要求減少鈷量及苯乙烯亦面臨立法措施及曝露限制。
因此,希望提供無鈷及無苯乙烯之固化系統。
揭示含有苯乙烯之無鈷系統之先前技術文獻的實例係WO 2008/003492、WO 2012/126917及WO 2011/157673。此等文獻之加速劑系統中所使用之代替鈷之金屬係Mn、Cu及Fe。
揭示無苯乙烯系統之先前技術文獻之實例係WO 2010/108939。用於代替苯乙烯之反應性稀釋劑尤其係(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
可惜,以習知過氧化物(過氧化甲基乙基酮)固化此類(甲基)丙烯酸酯系統導致極低反應性及/或不完全固化。在所有以上過渡金屬(包
含鈷)之存在下獲得此類令人失望的結果。
因此本發明之目標係提高經(甲基)丙烯酸酯稀釋之UP及VE樹脂的反應性及機械性質。
藉由使用選自由過氧化甲基異丙基酮、過氧化甲基異丁基酮、過氧化環己酮及其組合組成之群的過氧化物可實現此目標。
此外,已發現亦可在本發明之方法中使用(甲基)丙烯酸及(甲基)丙烯醯胺代替(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
因此本發明係關於一種用於固化不飽和聚酯樹脂或乙烯酯樹脂之方法,該樹脂包括選自由丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯醯胺、甲基丙烯醯胺及其組合組成之群的反應性稀釋劑,該方法包括對該樹脂添加(i)選自由過氧化甲基異丙基酮、過氧化甲基異丁基酮、過氧化環己酮及其組合組成之群的過氧化物及(ii)選自由Mn、Fe及Cu組成之群的過渡金屬之化合物及其組合。
本發明亦係關於可自由基固化之樹脂組合物,其包括(i)不飽和聚酯樹脂或乙烯酯樹脂;(ii)選自由過氧化甲基異丙基酮、過氧化甲基異丁基酮、過氧化環己酮及其組合組成之群的過氧化物;(iii)選自由Mn、Fe、及Cu組成之群的過渡金屬之化合物及其組合;及(iv)選自由丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯醯胺、甲基丙烯醯胺及其組合組成之群的反應性稀釋劑。
用於本發明方法中之過氧化物係過氧化甲基異丙基酮(MIPKP)、過氧化甲基異丁基酮(MIBKP)、過氧化環己酮(CYHP)或其組合。此過氧化物可具有式:
或式:
當R1及R4係甲基且R2及R3係異丙基時,此等式表示過氧化甲基異丙基酮。當R1及R4係甲基且R2及R3係異丁基時,其等表示過氧化甲基異丁基酮。當R1及R2連接以形成環己烷環且R3及R4連接以形成環己烷環時,其等表示過氧化環己酮。
該第一式反映所謂的4型(T4)酮過氧化物;該第二式反映所謂的3型(T3)酮過氧化物。兩種類型通常以除過氧化氫外之酮過氧化物形式存在。
用於本發明方法中之最佳的酮過氧化物係過氧化甲基異丙基酮。
選自上文指定之群的較佳用於本發明方法中且存在於本發明可固化樹脂組合物中的酮過氧化物之總量較佳係0.03至5重量份(pbw),更佳0.15至2.5,最佳0.3至1.2pbw,以純過氧化物重量份/100重量份含有反應性稀釋劑之樹脂表示。
除上文指定之酮過氧化物外,可向本發明方法中之樹脂添加一或多種額外過氧化物。此類額外過氧化物之實例係過氧化氫、過氧化甲基乙基酮、氫過氧化物、過氧酯及過氧碳酸酯。
合適之鐵、銅及錳化合物之實例係此等金屬之鹽及錯合物及此類化合物的組合。
合適之錳、銅及鐵化合物係其鹵化物、硝酸鹽、硫酸鹽、磺酸鹽、磷酸鹽、膦酸鹽、氧化物、羧酸鹽及此等金屬與配位基的錯合物。合適之羧酸鹽的實例係乳酸鹽、2-乙基己酸鹽、乙酸鹽、丙酸鹽、丁酸鹽、草酸鹽、月桂酸鹽、油酸鹽、亞麻油酸鹽、棕櫚酸鹽、硬脂酸鹽、乙醯丙酮酸鹽、辛酸鹽、壬酸鹽、庚酸鹽、癸酸鹽或環烷
酸鹽。配位基之實例係吡啶及揭示於WO 2011/83309中之三齒、四齒、五齒及六齒氮予體配位基。
較佳之錳化合物係氯化錳、硝酸錳、硫酸錳、乳酸錳、2-乙基己酸錳、辛酸錳、壬酸錳、庚酸錳、癸酸錳、環烷酸錳、乙酸錳及基於吡啶、卟啉之配位基的Mn錯合物及揭示於WO 2011/83309中之三齒、四齒、五齒或六齒氮予體配位基的Mn錯合物。可使用Mn(II)、Mn(III)、Mn(IV)及Mn(VII)化合物中之任意一者。
較佳之銅化合物係氯化銅、硝酸銅、硫酸銅、乳酸銅、2-乙基己酸銅、辛酸銅、壬酸銅、庚酸銅、癸酸銅、環烷酸銅及乙酸銅。Cu(I)及Cu(II)化合物兩者皆可使用。
較佳的鐵化合物係氯化鐵、硝酸鐵、硫酸鐵、乳酸鐵、2-乙基己酸鐵、辛酸鐵、壬酸鐵、庚酸鐵、新癸酸鐵、環烷酸鐵、乙酸鐵及基於吡啶、卟啉之配位基的鐵錯合物,或WO 2011/83309之三齒、四齒、五齒或六齒氮予體配位基之鐵錯合物。Fe(II)及Fe(III)皆可使用。更佳地,其係WO 2011/83309之三齒或五齒氮予體配位基的鐵(II)或鐵(III)錯合物。
WO 2011/83309之較佳氮予體配位基(對於Mn及Fe而言)係雙吡同(bispidon)配位基及TACN-Nx配位基。較佳之雙吡同配位基係二甲基-2,4-二-(2-吡啶基)-3-甲基-7-(吡啶-2-基甲基)-3,7-二氮雜-雙環[3.3.1]壬-9-酮-1,5-二甲酸酯(N2py3o-Cl)。較佳之TACN-Nx配位基係1,4,7-三甲基-1,4,7-三氮雜環壬烷(Me3-TACN)。
本發明方法及組合物中欲使用之過渡金屬的總量較佳係0.5至75mmol/kg含有反應性稀釋劑之樹脂,更佳2至50mmol/kg,甚至更佳2至25mmol/kg,及最佳2至10mmol/kg樹脂。
欲藉由本發明之方法固化之合適之UP樹脂係所謂的鄰位型樹脂、間位型樹脂、間苯新戊二醇型樹脂及二環戊二烯(DCPD)樹脂。
此類樹脂之實例係馬來酸樹脂、富馬酸樹脂、烯丙基樹脂、乙烯基樹脂及環氧型樹脂、雙酚A樹脂、對苯二甲酸樹脂及混雜型樹脂。
術語「乙烯酯樹脂」係指藉由環氧樹脂(例如,雙酚A之二縮水甘油醚)與諸如甲基丙烯酸、二丙烯酸、二甲基丙烯酸或其寡聚物之不飽和單羧酸之酯化作用所製造的樹脂。
該不飽和聚酯或乙烯酯樹脂含有選自由丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯醯胺、甲基丙烯醯胺及其組合組成之群之反應性稀釋劑。除此外,該樹脂可含有一或多種此群以外的稀釋劑。然而在此種情況下,希望保持苯乙烯之量低於基於含有反應性稀釋劑之樹脂的重量之2重量%。最佳地,本發明方法及本發明之可固化樹脂組合物中完全不存在苯乙烯。
在一較佳實施例中,所有本發明方法及本發明之可固化組合物所使用之反應性稀釋劑係選自上文指定的群。
較佳地,上述群之反應性稀釋劑係選自由丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯及其組合組成之群。更佳地,該反應性稀釋劑係選自由甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸第三丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸縮水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、二丙烯酸酯、二甲基丙烯酸酯、三丙烯酸酯、三甲基丙烯酸酯、四丙烯酸酯、四甲基丙烯酸酯及其組合組成之群。
甚至更佳地,上述群的反應性稀釋劑係選自由二丙烯酸酯、二甲基丙烯酸酯、三丙烯酸酯、三甲基丙烯酸酯、四丙烯酸酯、四甲基丙烯酸酯及其組合組成之群。
二(甲基)丙烯酸酯之特定實例係聚(乙二醇)二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,2-乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,2-丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,3-丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,5-戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2,3-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸
酯、三乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甘油二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚(丙二醇)二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三環癸烷二羥甲基二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,10-癸二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯及四乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
三(甲基)丙烯酸酯之一實例係三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
四(甲基)丙烯酸酯之一實例係新戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
(甲基)丙烯醯胺之實例係1,2-乙二胺二(甲基)丙烯醯胺、1,2-丙二胺二(甲基)丙烯醯胺、1,3-丙二胺二(甲基)丙烯醯胺、1,5-戊二胺二(甲基)丙烯醯胺、1,4-丁二胺二(甲基)丙烯醯胺、1,3-丁二胺二(甲基)丙烯醯胺、2,3-丁二胺二(甲基)丙烯醯胺、1,6-己二胺二(甲基)丙烯醯胺及1,10-癸二胺二(甲基)丙烯醯胺。
最佳之反應性稀釋劑係選自由1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯及其組合組成之群。
在本說明書中,術語(甲基)丙烯酸涵蓋丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸兩者;術語(甲基)丙烯酸酯涵蓋丙烯酸酯及甲基丙烯酸酯兩者;術語(甲基)丙烯醯胺涵蓋丙烯醯胺及甲基丙烯醯胺兩者。
樹脂中之反應性稀釋劑總量較佳係基於含有反應性稀釋劑之不飽和聚酯或乙烯酯樹脂之重量之至少0.1重量%,更佳至少1重量%,及最佳至少5重量%。反應性稀釋劑之總量較佳係不大於基於含有反應性稀釋劑之不飽和聚酯或乙烯酯樹脂之重量之50重量%,更佳不大於40重量%,及最佳不大於35重量%。
本發明方法及本發明之可固化樹脂組合物較佳係不含式C(R2)(R3)=N-R1之亞胺,其中R1係選自氫、羥基、具有1至22個碳原子的直鏈或分支鏈烷基、具有3至22個碳原子的環烷基、具有6至15碳
原子的芳基及具有7至22個碳原子的芳烷基,其中烷基、環烷基、芳基及芳烷基可視情況經一或多個含有選自S、O、P及/或Si之雜原子之基團取代,R2係選自C(R6)(R5)-C(=O)-R4、-C(R6)(R5)-C(=S)-R4及-C(R6)(R5)-C(=N)-R4,其中R4、R5及R6係選自氫、具有1至6個碳原子的直鏈或分支鏈烷基、具有3至12個碳原子的環烷基、芳基、芳烷基、具有1至6個碳原子的烷氧基及芳氧基,R3係選自具有1至22個碳原子的直鏈或分支鏈烷基、具有3至22個碳原子的環烷基、具有6至15個碳原子的芳基及具有7至22個碳原子的芳烷基。
本發明之方法涉及使該過氧化物及該過渡金屬化合物與該含有反應性稀釋劑之UP或VE樹脂接觸的步驟。可按任意順序組合此等材料。在一個實施例中,可使用該過渡金屬化合物預加速該含有反應性稀釋劑之樹脂及藉由其後迅速或數天、數周或數月後添加該過氧化物進行固化。亦可(幾乎)同時添加該過氧化物及該過渡金屬化合物。
該過氧化物較佳係以經稀釋之形式添加,即稀釋於阻遏劑中。該阻遏劑較佳係選自鄰苯二甲酸酯、烷醇、環烷醇、烷二醇、烷二醇單烷基醚、經環醚取代之醇、環醯胺、酯、酮、芳香族溶劑、鹵化烴溶劑、水及其混合物。
可存在於本發明方法期間之其他化合物係鹼金屬或鹼土金屬化合物、含磷化合物、1,3-二酮、含氮鹼及還原劑。
1,3-二酮之實例係乙醯丙酮、苯甲醯丙酮及二苯甲醯甲烷、諸如乙醯乙酸甲酯、乙醯乙酸乙酯、乙醯乙酸丙酯、乙醯乙酸丁酯之乙醯乙酸酯及諸如二乙基乙醯基乙醯胺、二甲基乙醯基乙醯胺、二丙基乙醯基乙醯胺及二丁基乙醯基乙醯胺的乙醯基乙醯胺。
鹼金屬或鹼土金屬化合物之實例係鹼金屬或鹼土金屬羧酸鹽,諸如鹼金屬及鹼土金屬之2-乙基己酸鹽、辛酸鹽、壬酸鹽、庚酸鹽、新癸酸鹽及環烷酸鹽。較佳之鹼金屬係K。
含磷化合物的實例係具有式P(R)3及P(R)3=O之磷化合物,其中每個R係獨立地選自氫、具有1至10個碳原子之烷基及具有1至10個碳原子的烷氧基。較佳地,至少兩個R基團係選自烷基或烷氧基。合適之含磷化合物的特定實例係磷酸二乙酯、磷酸二丁酯、磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三乙酯(TEP)及亞磷酸二丁酯。
含氮鹼之實例係諸如三乙胺、二甲基苯胺、二乙基苯胺或N,N-二甲基對甲苯胺(DMPT)之三級胺;諸如1,2-(二甲基胺)乙烷之多胺;諸如二乙基胺之二級胺;諸如三乙醇胺、二甲基胺基乙醇、二乙醇胺或單乙醇胺之乙氧基化胺;及諸如吡啶、聯吡啶及2,2’-聯喹啉之芳香族胺。
還原劑之實例係抗壞血酸、甲醛次硫酸鈉(SFS)、還原糖(諸如葡萄糖及果糖)、草酸、膦、亞磷酸鹽、有機或無機亞硝酸鹽、有機或無機亞硫酸鹽、有機或無機硫化物、硫醇及醛及其混合物。抗壞血酸(該術語在本說明書中包括L-抗壞血酸及D-異抗壞血酸)係較佳之還原劑。
可存在於本發明之可自由基固化之組合物中的可選添加劑係填料、纖維、顏料、自由基抑制劑、阻燃劑及促進劑。
在一較佳實施例中,該可自由基固化之組合物包括填料及/或增強纖維。增強纖維的實例係玻璃纖維、碳纖維、芳族聚醯胺纖維(例如,Twaron®)及天然纖維(例如,黃麻、洋麻、工業大麻、亞麻(亞麻織品)、苧麻等)。該等纖維可呈織物之形式。
填料之實例係石英、砂、氫氧化鋁、氫氧化鎂、白堊、氫氧化鈣、黏土、二氧化鈦及石灰。
阻燃劑包含含鹵素及含磷阻燃劑。
自由基抑制劑之實例包含2-甲氧基苯酚、4-甲氧基苯酚、2,6-二-第三丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2,6-二-第三丁基苯酚、2,4,6-三甲基苯酚、
2,4,6-叁-二甲基胺基甲基苯酚、4,4'-硫代-雙(3-甲基-6-第三丁基苯酚)、4,4'-亞異丙基二酚、2,4-二-第三丁基苯酚、6,6'-二-第三丁基-2,2'-二亞甲基、二對甲酚、氫醌、2-甲基氫醌、2-第三丁基氫醌、2,5-二-第三丁基氫醌、2,6-二-第三丁基氫醌、2,6-二甲基氫醌、2,3,5-三甲基氫醌、兒茶酚、4-第三丁基兒茶酚、4,6-二-第三丁基兒茶酚、苯醌、2,3,5,6-四氯-1,4-苯醌、甲基苯醌、2,6-二甲基苯醌、萘醌、1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-醇(TEMPOL)、1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-酮(TEMPON)、1-氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羧基-哌啶(4-羧基-TEMPO)、1-氧基-2,2,5,5-四甲基吡咯啶、1-氧基-2,2,5,5-四甲基-3羧基吡咯啶(3-羧基-PROXYL)、N-亞硝基苯羥胺鋁、二乙基羥胺、酚噻嗪及其組合。
當已組合該含有反應性稀釋劑之UP或VE樹脂、該過氧化物、該過渡金屬化合物及任何其他可選成分時,混合並分散此等化合物。該固化方法可在自-15℃至250℃之任何溫度下進行。較佳地,其在諸如手積層、噴塗、絲繞、樹脂轉移模製、塗層(例如,凝膠塗層及標準塗層)、紐扣生產、離心鑄造、波形板或平板、換襯系統、經由傾倒化合物之廚房水槽等應用中常用之環境溫度下進行。然而,其亦可用於其中使用溫度高達180℃,更佳高達150℃,最佳高達100℃的SMC、BMC、拉擠成形技術及類似技術中。
可使該固化組合物經歷後固化處理以使硬度進一步最優化。通常在40-180℃範圍內之溫度下進行此類後固化處理30分鐘至15小時。
該等固化組合物可用於各種應用,包含航海應用、化學錨固、屋頂材料、建築材料、換襯材料、管道及儲罐、地板、風車式刀片、層壓板、聚合物混凝土、衛生產品等。
實例
使用不同過氧化物及過渡金屬(Co、Cu(I)及Cu(II))固化購得的無
苯乙烯之不飽和聚酯樹脂,該樹脂含有丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(BDDMA)作為反應性稀釋劑。
所使用之過氧化物係過氧化甲基乙基酮MEKP(Butanox® M-50,AkzoNobel出產)、過氧化甲基異丙基酮MIPKP(Butanox® P-50,AkzoNobel出產)、過氧化甲基異丁基酮MIBKP(Trigonox® HMS,AkzoNobel出產)及過氧化環己酮CYHP(Trigonox® 113,AkzoNobel出產),其濃度為2重量份/100重量份含有反應性稀釋劑之樹脂。
以加速劑溶液之形式添加該等過渡金屬。以加速劑NL-49P(AkzoNobel出產)添加鈷化合物;以NouryactTM CF13(AkzoNobel出產)添加Cu(I)化合物;以NouryactTM CF12(AkzoNobel出產)添加Cu(II)化合物。以1重量份金屬/100重量份含有反應性稀釋劑之樹脂加料所有加速劑。
如下製造層壓板:用聚酯箔覆蓋經清潔之玻璃板。徹底混合該含有反應性稀釋劑之樹脂、該過氧化物及該加速劑溶液並在箔表面上展開。施加玻璃纖維增強及含有樹脂之混合物的交替層直至獲得4mm之層壓板厚度。接著藉由另一聚酯箔覆蓋該組合物並使用滾輪移除封閉之空氣。接著藉由玻璃板覆蓋該聚酯箔。在20℃下固化該等所得層壓板。
24小時後使用巴氏934硬度計測量該固化樣品的硬度。
亦藉由測量放熱峰值、達到峰值之時間及膠化時間分析該等組合物的固化。將熱電偶插置於該層壓板中間並測量時間-溫度曲線。從該曲線中計算下列參數:膠化時間(GT)=在實驗開始與高於浴溫5.6℃之間所經歷之時間(以分鐘計)。
達到放熱峰值之時間(TTP)=在實驗開始至達到放熱峰值時刻所
經歷的時間。
放熱峰值(PE)=達到的最大溫度。
可看出,就反應性而言,實驗1-5中之過氧化物-金屬組合的表現比習知的Co/MEKP及其他與Co或MEKP之組合好得多。
Claims (15)
- 一種用於固化不飽和聚酯樹脂或乙烯酯樹脂之方法,該樹脂包括選自由以下各物組成之群的反應性稀釋劑:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯醯胺、甲基丙烯醯胺及其組合,該方法包括對該樹脂添加:(i)選自由以下各物組成之群的酮過氧化物:過氧化甲基異丙基酮、過氧化甲基異丁基酮、過氧化環己酮及其組合;及(ii)選自由Mn、Fe、及Cu組成之群的過渡金屬之化合物及其組合。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該酮過氧化物係過氧化甲基異丙基酮。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該酮過氧化物係過氧化甲基異丁基酮。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該酮過氧化物係過氧化環己酮。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之方法,其中該過渡金屬係Cu。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之方法,其中該反應性稀釋劑係選自由丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯及其組合組成之群。
- 如請求項6之方法,其中該反應性稀釋劑係選自由以下各物組成之群:甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸第三丁酯、丙烯酸縮水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸縮水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、二丙烯酸酯、二甲基丙烯酸酯、三丙烯酸酯、三甲基丙烯酸酯、四丙烯酸酯、四甲基丙烯酸酯及其組合。
- 如請求項7之方法,其中該反應性稀釋劑係選自由以下各物組成之群:二丙烯酸酯、二甲基丙烯酸酯、三丙烯酸酯、三甲基丙烯酸酯、四丙烯酸酯、四甲基丙烯酸酯及其組合。
- 如請求項8之方法,其中該反應性稀釋劑係選自由以下各物組成之群:聚(乙二醇)二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,2-乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,2-丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,3-丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸 酯、1,5-戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2,3-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甘油二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚(丙二醇)二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三環癸烷二羥甲基二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,10-癸二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羥甲丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸縮水甘油酯及其組合。
- 如請求項9之方法,其中該反應性稀釋劑係選自由以下各物組成之群:1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯及其組合。
- 一種可自由基固化之樹脂組合物,其包括(i)不飽和聚酯樹脂或乙烯酯樹脂、(ii)選自由過氧化甲基異丙基酮、過氧化甲基異丁基酮、過氧化環己酮及其組合組成之群的酮過氧化物、(iii)選自由Mn、Fe、及Cu組成之群的過渡金屬之化合物及其組合、及(iv)選自由丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯醯胺、甲基丙烯醯胺及其組合組成之群之反應性稀釋劑。
- 如請求項11之可自由基固化之樹脂組合物,其中該反應性稀釋劑係選自由以下各物組成之群:甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸第三丁酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸縮水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸縮水甘油酯、二丙烯酸酯、二甲基丙烯酸酯、三丙烯酸酯、三甲基丙烯酸酯、四丙烯酸酯、四甲基丙烯酸酯及其組合。
- 如請求項12之可自由基固化之樹脂組合物,其中該反應性稀釋劑係選自由以下各物組成之群:二丙烯酸酯、二甲基丙烯酸 酯、三丙烯酸酯、三甲基丙烯酸酯、四丙烯酸酯、四甲基丙烯酸酯及其組合。
- 如請求項13之可自由基固化之樹脂組合物,其中該反應性稀釋劑係選自由以下各物組成之群:聚(乙二醇)二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,2-乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,2-丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,3-丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,5-戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2,3-丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甘油二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚(丙二醇)二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三環癸烷二羥甲基二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、1,10-癸二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、四乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯及其組合。
- 如請求項14之可自由基固化之樹脂組合物,其中該反應性稀釋劑係選自由1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯及其組合組成之群。
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