TWI612277B - Tunnel displacement monitoring method - Google Patents

Abstract

A tunnel displacement monitoring method for supplying a measurement method for detecting or monitoring a tunnel displacement includes the following steps: (S1) GPS control measurement, which is to set a plurality of GPS control points outside the tunnel opening to form a GPS control network, and Through the differential satellite positioning measurement and GPS control point coordinate solution, the GPS control network accuracy check; (S2) wire control measurement, from the tunnel entrance GPS control network to the specific position of the tunnel to set a plurality of wire points, for wire measurement and (S3) route regression measurement, which is performed on the tunnel and the section of the tunnel for midline measurement, and the route line type regression calculation is performed according to the measurement result; (S4) deformation control measurement is the measurement of the initial detection or monitoring operation on the tunnel lining wall The plurality of displacement control points are set to check the deformation control precision; (S5) the full-section measurement is performed by repeating the measurement of the monitoring section until the accuracy is checked. By comparing the coordinate values of the sections at different times before and after the comparison, the three-dimensional displacement of the tunnel during the detection or monitoring can be obtained.

Description

Tunnel displacement monitoring method

The invention relates to a tunnel displacement monitoring method, and is particularly suitable for long-term monitoring of small displacements of completed tunnels caused by changes in the surrounding environment.

Generally speaking, the deformation of the completed tunnel is mainly caused by the change of external force, mainly from the changes of the surrounding environment of the tunnel, such as the loose soil pressure, lateral pressure, long-term effect of expansive soil pressure, weak softening of the bearing capacity of the tunnel, and sudden The collapse of the ground or the change of the groundwater pressure will cause the position of the various points on the wall of the tunnel to be distorted, resulting in a slight deformation of the tunnel, which may affect the structural safety or service function of the tunnel.

Moreover, the known tunnel displacement monitoring method is to set a monitoring point or a monitoring section in the tunnel, and the following methods are performed at different monitoring times before and after: the total station is used to measure the monitoring point or the monitoring section coordinates from the adjacent reference control point, and compare The coordinate values at different times before and after, the relative displacement of the monitoring point or the monitoring section during the monitoring period is obtained; or a measuring wire covering the monitoring point or the monitoring section is constructed in the tunnel, and each monitoring is controlled by a reference control point or Conducting the wire at the wire point, measuring the coordinates to the monitoring point or the monitoring section, comparing the coordinate values at different times before and after, and obtaining the relative displacement of the monitoring point or the monitoring section during the monitoring period; or setting the GPS control outside the tunnel opening Point, set the wire point in the tunnel. After receiving the satellite signal to measure the GPS control point coordinates for each monitoring, the wire is measured from the GPS control point along the wire point, and then the measurement is measured to the monitoring point or the monitoring section to measure the coordinates. Point or monitor the absolute coordinates of the section, compare the coordinate values at different times before and after, and provide absolute displacement. However, the above methods need to rearrange all the measurement procedures for each monitoring, and the measurement errors will propagate and accumulate. The first two methods only obtain the relative displacement of the monitoring points or the relative deformation of the monitoring sections, and cannot completely describe the tunnel relative to the surrounding. The displacement of the environment.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop a precise, high-efficiency and cost-effective tunnel displacement monitoring method, so that after the initial completion of the GPS control point, the wire control point, and the monitoring point setting, various monitoring technologies can be independently performed within the respective deformation control monitoring ranges. Each monitoring prioritizes fewer projects and provides a self-accuracy check to determine if multiple or all measurement items are required. When there is no significant deformation of the tunnel in each deformation control monitoring range, only the basic measurement needs to be completed; if the tunnel is continuously deformed, the complete monitoring process is applied to ensure the measurement accuracy and avoid the cost of the virtual throwing operation.

The main object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel displacement monitoring method, which is applied to measure tunnel coordinates at different times and obtain a measurement method of tunnel displacement during monitoring, which includes the following steps:

(S1) GPS control measurement, which is to set up a plurality of GPS control points outside the tunnel opening to form a GPS control network, and perform GPS control network accuracy check through differential satellite positioning measurement and GPS control point coordinate calculation; (S2) wire Control measurement, which is to set up multiple conductor points from the GPS control network of the tunnel entrance to a specific position in the tunnel for wire measurement and accuracy check; (S3) route regression measurement, which is performed on the tunnel and the hole section for midline measurement, and according to the measurement The result is route line type regression calculation; (S4) deformation control measurement, initial detection or monitoring operation, a plurality of displacement control points are arranged on the tunnel lining wall surface, respectively, at least two on the left and right sides of the tunnel lining, and the total number of total stations Set between the deformation control sections, measure the coordinates of the deformation control section and the displacement control point on the monitoring section in turn, check the measurement accuracy, and measure the displacement control point coordinates after the second or subsequent detection or monitoring operation. Check the deformation control accuracy; (S5) full-section measurement, the repeated measurement of the monitoring section until the accuracy check. The three-dimensional displacement of the tunnel during the detection or monitoring period can be obtained by comparing the coordinates of the monitoring section obtained from the previous inspection or monitoring operation. The method is characterized in that the (S4) deformation control measurement step is obtained at different times before and after, and the relative position of the monitoring section and the deformation control section in the monitoring range of the deformation control is determined to be changed. If the relative position is changed, the deformation is determined. The (S1) GPS control measurement step, the (S2) wire control measurement step, and the (S3) route regression measurement step are performed; if it is determined that no deformation has occurred, the (S5) full-section measurement is performed on the monitoring section. Step and accuracy check, according to the deformation or not, decide whether to take more time-consuming steps to avoid cost throwing, and use this procedure to repeatedly measure the same tunnel at different times before and after accumulating monitoring results, which can provide quantitative data for tunnel structure safety assessment. As a benchmark for tunnel maintenance management decisions.

Another object of the present invention is to provide at least three or more GPS control points for the (S1) GPS control measurement. If the accuracy is checked, the centroid coordinate calculation of the GPS control network is performed, otherwise Perform the differential satellite positioning measurement.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a (S2) wire control measurement system capable of performing a plurality of wire point settings outside the tunnel deformation control monitoring range as described above.

Another object of the present invention is to provide the (S2) wire control measurement system as described above. The center of the GPS control network outside the tunnel opening can be used to form an open wire or a closed wire.

Another object of the present invention is to provide that the monitoring range of the (S4) deformation control measurement as described above must cover the monitoring point or the monitoring section, and the deformation control section is set at an appropriate distance within the range.

Another object of the present invention is to provide at least four displacement control points for each of the deformation control sections of the (S4) deformation control measurement as described above, each of which is located at least two on each of the left and right sides of the tunnel lining.

Another object of the present invention is to determine whether the relative position of the monitoring section and the deformation control section changes within the deformation control monitoring range according to the (S4) deformation control measurement step, and if the relative position changes, it is determined that deformation occurs. Performing the (S1) GPS control measurement step, the (S2) wire control measurement step, and the (S3) route regression measurement step; if it is determined that no deformation has occurred, performing the (S5) full-section measurement step on the monitoring section Check with accuracy. The three-dimensional displacement of the tunnel during the detection or monitoring period can be obtained by comparing the coordinates of the monitoring section obtained from the previous inspection or monitoring operation.

The result of the invention can maintain the precision quality of long-term monitoring, and the GPS control network can avoid the control point error caused by the uneven deformation of the tunnel hole due to the slope migration, surface deformation, earthquake and the like. After the initial measurement completes the GPS control point, wire point, wire encryption point, displacement control point, monitoring point or deformation monitoring section setting, the deformation control measurement is mainly followed. If it is determined that the deformation control monitoring range has not been deformed, then The displacement control point on the deformation control section is obtained to obtain the coordinates of the station, and the full-section measurement of the tunnel is directly performed. The GPS displacement measurement can be completed without GPS control measurement, wire control measurement and route regression. Under the control network formed by the strict deformation control section and the displacement control point within the deformation control monitoring range, the control point can be checked by itself to accurately monitor the tunnel deformation and obtain high-precision measurement results. If the deformation of the tunnel in the deformation control monitoring range is revealed, the GPS control measurement, the wire control measurement and the route regression measurement are added, and the monitoring result can be converted into the three-dimensional absolute coordinate of the lining, and the coordinates of the monitoring section at different times before and after are obtained to obtain the tunnel lining three-dimensional. Absolute displacement.

The above "invention" is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter, and a detailed overview of various aspects of the present invention will be further described in the following embodiments.

In order to explain the technical contents, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

1 is a working flow of a tunnel displacement monitoring method according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a detailed step of a tunnel displacement monitoring method according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a GPS control network arrangement of a tunnel displacement monitoring method, and FIG. 4 is a tunnel. The displacement monitoring method is a schematic diagram of the lead point guidance. Figure 5 is the deformation control monitoring range and the deformation control section layout of the tunnel displacement monitoring method. Figure 6 shows the deformation control section and monitoring section and deformation of the tunnel displacement monitoring method. Schematic diagram of the position control point arrangement, please refer to the above figure 1~6 together with the following instructions:

A tunnel displacement monitoring method is provided for measuring tunnel coordinates at different times and obtaining a measurement method of tunnel displacement during monitoring, which includes the following steps:

(S1) GPS control measurement, GPS control measurement includes GPS control network 11 located outside the two holes of tunnel 7, respectively, more than three GPS control points 10 need to be set, through the differential satellite positioning measurement measurement to calculate the GPS control point 10 coordinates and Accuracy and accuracy check will solve the centroid coordinate of the GPS control network 11 as the benchmark for long-term tracking measurement. If the accuracy is insufficient, the differential satellite positioning measurement will be performed again.

(S2) Wire control measurement, wire control measurement includes the wire point 50 from the two-hole GPS control network 11 of the tunnel 7 to the deformation control monitoring range 70 in the tunnel 7, the line of sight 50 can be seen and the deformation control monitoring range 70 Determine the wire encryption point setting, wire measurement and precision check, wire control measurement application tunnel 7 hole outside the GPS control network 11 centroid to form an open wire or a closed wire.

(S3) Route regression measurement is used to measure the coordinates of the center line of the tunnel 7 and the hole section, and based on the measurement results, the route line type regression calculation is performed to obtain the tunnel 7 route line type.

(S4) Deformation control measurement, tunnel deformation control monitoring range 70 must cover monitoring point or monitoring section 32, arrange deformation control section 31 at appropriate intervals within the range, and set fixed monitoring on the lining wall of tunnel 7 at the section position Point as the displacement control point 21. Each deformation control section 31 requires at least four displacement control points 21, which are respectively located at least two on the left and right sides of the tunnel 7 lining. The deformation control measurement system places the total station between the deformation control sections 31 as the station 20, and sequentially aligns the deformation control section 31 with the displacement control point 21 on the monitoring section 32 to check the deformation control precision. Depending on the environmental changes around the tunnel 7, one or more deformation control monitoring ranges 70 can be set.

(S5) Full-section measurement for repeated measurements of the monitoring section 32 until the accuracy is checked. The three-dimensional displacement of the tunnel during the detection or monitoring period can be obtained by comparing the coordinates of the monitoring section obtained from the previous inspection or monitoring operation.

The method is characterized in that the deformation control section 70 and the displacement control point 21 are measured according to the relative position of the deformation control section 31 and the displacement control point 21 according to the station 20, and if the relative position is changed, the deformation is determined, and the (S1) is performed. a GPS control measurement step, the (S2) wire control measurement step, and the (S3) route regression measurement step; if it is determined that no deformation has occurred, performing the (S5) full-section measurement step and the accuracy check on the monitoring section 32 By repeating the measurement of the same tunnel and accumulating monitoring results at different times before and after, the quantitative data of the tunnel structure safety assessment can be provided as a benchmark for tunnel maintenance management decision.

In addition, if the coordinates of the monitoring section obtained by the previous inspection or monitoring operation are compared, the three-dimensional displacement of the tunnel during the detection or monitoring period can be obtained.

While the present invention has been described above with respect to the specific embodiments thereof, the specific embodiments disclosed herein are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The changes and modifications made by the invention are within the scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.

10‧‧‧GPS control point
11‧‧‧GPS Control Network
20‧‧‧Station
21‧‧‧Displacement Control Point
31‧‧‧ deformation control section
32‧‧‧Monitoring section
50‧‧‧ wire points
7‧‧‧ Tunnel
70‧‧‧ Deformation control monitoring range
S1‧‧‧GPS control measurement
S2‧‧‧Wire control measurement
S3‧‧‧ route regression measurement
S4‧‧‧ deformation control measurement
S5‧‧‧ full-section measurement

1 is a flow chart of the tunnel displacement monitoring method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a detailed step of the tunnel displacement monitoring method of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a GPS control network arrangement for a tunnel displacement monitoring method. FIG. 4 is a tunnel displacement monitoring. Method wire point guiding diagram Figure 5 is the tunnel displacement monitoring method deformation control monitoring range and deformation control section layout diagram Figure 6 is the tunnel displacement monitoring method deformation control section and monitoring section and displacement control point layout diagram

S1‧‧‧GPS control measurement

S2‧‧‧Wire control measurement

S3‧‧‧ route regression measurement

S4‧‧‧ deformation control measurement

S5‧‧‧ full-section measurement

Claims (6)

A tunnel displacement monitoring method is provided for measuring tunnel coordinates at different times and obtaining a measurement method of tunnel displacement during monitoring, which comprises the following steps: (S1) GPS control measurement, which is provided with a plurality of GPS control points outside the tunnel opening. Forming a GPS control network, and performing precision measurement of the GPS control network through differential satellite positioning measurement and GPS control point coordinate calculation, wherein if the GPS control measurement passes the accuracy check, the centroid coordinate solution of the GPS control network is performed. Calculate, otherwise re-perform the differential satellite positioning measurement; (S2) wire control measurement, set the multiple wire points from the tunnel control GPS control network to the specific position in the tunnel to conduct wire measurement and accuracy check; (S3) route regression measurement The center line is measured in the tunnel and the hole section, and the line type regression calculation is performed according to the measurement result; (S4) deformation control measurement, a plurality of displacement control points are set on the tunnel lining wall surface during the initial detection or monitoring operation, respectively At least two of the left and right sides of the tunnel lining, and the plurality of total stations are placed between the deformation control sections, and sequentially change The control section and the displacement control point on the monitoring section measure the coordinates, check the measurement accuracy, and the second or later detection or monitoring operation measures the coordinate of the displacement control point, and checks the deformation control precision; (S5) full section The measurement is performed by repeating the measurement of the monitoring section until the accuracy is checked. Comparing the coordinates of the monitoring section obtained by the previous inspection or monitoring operation, the three-dimensional displacement of the tunnel during the detection or monitoring period can be obtained; According to the (S4) deformation control measurement step, the time can be used to determine whether the relative position of the monitoring section and the deformation control section changes within the monitoring range of the deformation control. If the relative position changes, the deformation is determined, and the implementation is required (S1) a GPS control measurement step, the (S2) wire control measurement step, and the (S3) route regression measurement step; if it is determined that no deformation has occurred, the execution of the (S5) is performed on the monitoring section Full-section measurement steps and accuracy check, decide whether to take more time-consuming steps to avoid cost throwing according to the deformation or not, and use this procedure to repeatedly measure the same tunnel at different times before and after accumulating monitoring results, which can provide tunnel structure safety assessment Quantitative data as a benchmark for tunnel maintenance management decisions. A tunnel displacement monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the (S1) GPS control measurement comprises at least three or more GPS control points. A tunnel displacement monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the (S2) wire control measurement system performs a plurality of wire point settings outside the tunnel deformation control monitoring range, and forms a GPS control network centroid outside the tunnel hole. Form an open wire or a closed wire. A tunnel displacement monitoring method according to claim 3, wherein the monitoring range of the (S4) deformation control measurement must cover the monitoring point or the monitoring section, and the deformation control section is set at an appropriate distance within the range. A tunnel displacement monitoring method according to claim 4, wherein each deformation control section of the (S4) deformation control measurement includes at least four displacement control points, respectively located at least on the left and right sides of the tunnel lining 2 A tunnel displacement monitoring method according to claim 4, wherein according to the (S4) deformation control measurement, it is determined whether the relative position of the monitoring section and the deformation control section within the deformation control monitoring range changes. If the relative position changes, it is determined that the deformation occurs, and the (S1) GPS control measurement step, the (S2) wire control measurement step, and the (S3) route regression measurement step are performed; if it is determined that no deformation has occurred, the monitoring section is Perform the (S5) full-section measurement step and accuracy check; compare the coordinates of the monitoring section obtained from the previous test or monitoring operation to obtain the three-dimensional displacement of the tunnel during the detection or monitoring.