TWI611198B - Low-altitude wind-cutting warning system and method for predicting low-altitude wind cutting - Google Patents

Description

Low-altitude wind-cutting warning system and method for predicting low-altitude wind cutting

The invention relates to a meteorological observation and early warning system for aviation and a method for predicting weather, in particular to a low-altitude wind-cut warning system and a method for predicting low-altitude wind cutting.

Wind cuts pose a significant hazard to aviation and pose a threat to Fei'an. Although wind cuts may occur at various heights in the atmosphere, wind cuts occur at the lowest level - below 500 meters (1,600 miles). Aircraft/aircraft in the airport runway corridor is a major threat. When the aircraft is landing and taking off, its airspeed and altitude are close to the critical value. Therefore, it is more difficult for the aircraft to respond in time to the low-altitude wind cut, thus safely avoiding the wind cut. Hazard.

The first generation of Low-Level Wind Shear Alert System (LLWAS) was originally developed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in the 1970s to detect large-scale weather systems. These include the sea breeze fronts, the gust fronts, the cold fronts, and the warm fronts. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) developed a set of strengthening systems (Phase-II LLWAS) between 1983 and 1988. The system detects the position on the runway or runway through the top wind or downwind strength. The low-altitude wind cut or small-scale micro-explosive airflow from the 1~3 sea otter can detect more than 90% of the wind cut, but there is also a wind-cut warning failure rate below 10%. After that, NCAR will again Phase-II LLWAS Improved to become the third-generation low-altitude wind-cutting warning system (Phase-III LLWAS), the Phase-III LLWAS system is less than 1,000 miles (300 meters) away from the arrival corridor within 3 nautical miles of the airport runway Wind cut detection capability (UCAR, 1992). At present, NCAR has combined the system with the airport Doppler radar to develop into LLWAS-NE. The original LLWAS-II airport low-altitude wind-cutting system is upgraded and the LLWAS-NE algorithm is used to become the LLWAS-RS system.

Low-altitude wind-cut warning system has been widely used as a low-altitude air-cut detection at airports Equipment, because LLWAS is very sensitive to detecting changes in the wind field of the airport, and thus provides more reliable and safe protection for the aircraft during the climb and exit and landing, in order to obtain accurate and immediate wind field change information, therefore in the LLWAS system The location of the wind station used to detect wind field changes is extremely important. In the LLWAS system, the wind measurement station needs at least 6~8 seats, and the setting position of the wind measurement station should be the first consideration to obtain the best wind measurement result; according to the basic erection principle between the LLWAS wind measurement stations, between the wind measurement stations The optimum distance is 2~5 km, not less than 1 km, and any inner corner of the triangle enclosed by any three wind measurement stations shall not be less than 25 degrees. According to this erection principle, the appropriate wind is selected and searched. It is quite difficult to set up a station.

At present, the location of the wind measurement station used by LLWAS is affected by the geographic location of the airport. The impact is most obvious. In order to find the location of the best wind measurement results, the practical difficulties usually include the influence and limitations of terrain and man-made buildings. For example, some airports in the adjacent sea may be partly because the hinterland is the ocean. It is impossible to set up a wind station (such as Kaohsiung International Airport), and the airport in the neighboring city is easy to block or interfere with the wind field (such as Songshan Airport in Taipei), and it is impossible to find a suitable setting position. The above-mentioned restrictions and in view of the actual situation of the location, a known wind measurement station adopts the design of the wind tower, and the currently used wind tower usually includes two types which are directly disposed on the ground and disposed on the roof of the building, and are disposed on the ground. Tagodo More than 20 meters, the height of the tower is more than 7 to 10 meters. On the other hand, if a wind station stationed everywhere uses a radio communication device to transmit the observed data back to the host of the LLWAS, it is necessary to overcome the problem that the radio wave is blocked by the terrain or the building. Therefore, in the process of choosing to build LLWAS, the airport is very easy to use LLWAS because of the shortage of hinterland. On the other hand, according to the design principle of LLWAS, when there are problems in more than three wind measurement stations, the operation result will become unreliable, and the setting position of the wind measurement station also needs to consider whether it is easy to maintain.

The invention proposes a low-altitude wind-cut warning system and a method for predicting low-altitude wind-cutting, which can solve the problem that the airport hinterland is insufficient to set up the existing low-altitude wind-cut warning system (LLWAS).

An embodiment of the low-altitude wind-cut warning system of the present invention comprises: an observation device disposed at a selected observation point, and the observation device is configured to obtain meteorological parameter data of the observation point, wherein the meteorological parameter data comprises: wind speed and air pressure At least three or more combinations of temperature and dew point temperature, the observation device includes at least one communication device for transmitting the obtained meteorological parameter data; and a host receiving the meteorological parameter data obtained by the observation device via the observation, and operating one The low-altitude wind-cutting interpretation method processes the meteorological parameter data of each observation point, and issues a low-altitude wind-cutting alarm according to the processing result.

An embodiment of the method for predicting low-altitude wind-cutting according to the present invention comprises: setting an observation device at a selected observation point; and detecting meteorological parameter data of the observation point at a preset sampling frequency, the meteorological parameter data comprising: observation At least three or more of the wind speed, air pressure, temperature and dew point temperature a combination of the unit time variation of each meteorological parameter data and a threshold value corresponding to the unit time variation of each meteorological parameter data; the unit time variation of the respective meteorological parameter data and the corresponding threshold value A comparison is made; a low-altitude wind-cutting alarm is issued when the unit time variation of at least three of the meteorological parameter data exceeds a corresponding threshold value.

An embodiment of the method steps of the present invention comprises: calculating a unit time change amount of a relative gas pressure gradient of two observation points, determining a threshold value corresponding to the relative gas pressure gradient, and a unit time change amount of the relative gas pressure gradient of the two observation points Compare with the corresponding threshold value.

In an embodiment of the method of the invention for predicting low altitude wind cutting, wherein the selected observation point location comprises: both ends of the airport runway.

In an embodiment of the method of the present invention for predicting low altitude wind cutting, wherein the location of the selected observation point comprises: a midsection of the airport runway.

In an embodiment of the method for predicting low-altitude wind cutting of the present invention, wherein the selected observation point is located, the two ends of the airport runway extend outward within 3 nautical miles.

An embodiment of the method for predicting low-altitude wind-cutting according to the present invention comprises: a step of predicting a location where the wind-cut occurs.

In an embodiment of the method for predicting low-altitude wind-cutting, the step of predicting the position of the wind-cutting comprises: warning the single unit when the unit time variation of the at least three meteorological parameter data obtained by the single observation point exceeds the corresponding threshold value The position of the observation point is low-level wind cut position.

In an embodiment of the method for predicting low-altitude wind-cutting, the step of predicting the location of the wind-cutting comprises: when the unit time variation of the at least three meteorological parameter data detected by the adjacent two observation points exceeds the corresponding threshold value, Warning that the area between the two observation points is the position where the low-level wind cut occurs.

In an embodiment of the method for predicting low-altitude wind-cutting, the step of predicting the location of the wind-cutting comprises: when the unit time variation of the at least three meteorological parameter data detected by the adjacent three observation points exceeds the corresponding threshold value, Warning that the triangular area enclosed by the three observation points is the position where the low-level wind cut occurs.

The details of other functions and embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the drawings.

10‧‧‧Host

11‧‧‧Communication unit

20‧‧‧Observation equipment

21‧‧‧Communication device

W1‧‧ Runway

P-1, P-2‧‧‧ both ends of the runway

Middle position of the P-3‧‧‧ runway

Area between A1‧‧‧ observation points

The triangular area enclosed by the A2‧‧‧ observation points

S1‧‧‧Set observation equipment at selected observation points

S2‧‧‧ detects the meteorological parameter data of the observation point by a preset sampling frequency, the meteorological parameter data includes: at least three of the air pressure, the air temperature, the dew point temperature and the relative pressure gradient of the two observation points, and a combination of three or more

S3‧‧‧ generates a unit time change amount of each meteorological parameter data and a threshold value corresponding to the unit time change amount of each meteorological parameter data

S4‧‧‧Compare the unit time variation of each meteorological parameter data with the corresponding threshold value

S5‧‧‧ at least three of the unit time variations of the meteorological parameter data exceed the corresponding threshold Low-altitude wind-cut alarm

Figure 1 is a functional block diagram of a display system in accordance with an embodiment of the system of the present invention.

2 is a flow chart showing the steps of an embodiment of the method of the present invention.

Figure 3 is an embodiment of the location of the distribution of observation points in the system of the present invention.

4A~4C, showing the wind speed distribution map obtained by observation at two observation points preset at Songshan Airport according to the method of the present invention on the observation day D1, and the distribution of the number of seconds in which the wind speed is greater than 20KT in each period of the observation day D1. Figure.

Figures 5A to 5C show the air pressure jitter distribution obtained by observation at the same two observation points at Songshan Airport according to the method of the present invention, and the occurrence period of the air pressure jitter value exceeding two standard deviation ranges and Its frequency distribution map.

Figures 6A-6B show the distribution of the unit time variation of the relative pressure gradient obtained by calculation at the observation point D1, the air pressure obtained at the same two observation points at the Songshan Airport according to the method of the present invention, and The occurrence of time and frequency distribution of the gas pressure gradient over 2 standard deviations.

Figures 7A to 7C show the temperature jitter map obtained by observation at the same two observation points at Songshan Airport according to the method of the present invention, and the occurrence period of the temperature jitter value exceeding the two standard deviation ranges and Its frequency distribution map.

Figures 8A-8C show the dew point temperature jitter distribution obtained by observation at the same two observation points at Songshan Airport according to the method of the present invention on the observation day D1, and the occurrence of the dew point temperature jitter value exceeding the range of two standard deviations. Time period and its frequency distribution map.

Figures 9A~9B are the distribution maps of the low-altitude wind-cutting alarms issued by the existing low-altitude wind-cutting warning system (LLWAS) of Songshan Airport on each actual observation day D1, and the low-altitude wind-cutting alarms are issued on each timeline. Total statistics.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the method of the present invention, illustrating a situation in which a wind cut occurs at a position based on meteorological parameter data of two observation points.

11 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method according to the present invention, illustrating a situation in which a wind cut occurs at a position based on meteorological parameter data of three observation points.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , which illustrates an embodiment of a low-altitude wind-cut warning system of the present invention. The functional block diagram includes: a host 10 and an observation device 20 disposed at a predetermined observation point for observing meteorological parameter data, wherein the meteorological parameter data includes at least three or more of a wind speed, a gas pressure, a temperature, and a dew point temperature. The combination device 20 includes a communication device 21 for The meteorological parameter data is sent to the host 10, and the implementation of the communication device 21 includes: any one of the wireless communication device and the network communication device, and a combination thereof, and the appropriate communication device can be selected according to the communication condition and the geographical condition of the observation point.

The host 10 has the ability to store, communicate, and run programs, one of the hosts 10 The implementation is implemented by a computer, such as a general personal computer or a server. The host 10 has at least one communication unit 11 capable of communicating with the communication device 21 of the observation device 20. In order to obtain the meteorological parameter data obtained by the observation device 20, the implementation of the communication unit 11 includes any one of a wireless communication device and a network communication device, and a combination thereof.

The method for predicting low-altitude wind cutting proposed by the present invention includes a low-altitude wind cut interpretation In the method, the low-altitude wind-cutting translation method is a program run by the host computer 10 by means of computer stylization, and the host computer 10 records the meteorological parameter data of each observation point by running a program (low-level wind-cutting translation method). The host 10 further calculates the unit time change amount of the wind speed, the air pressure, the air temperature and the dew point temperature of each observation point according to the obtained meteorological parameter data, and calculates the unit time change amount of the relative air pressure gradient of the two observation points, and the host 10 further refers to the weather. The unit time change amount of the parameter data is compared with the corresponding threshold value, and a low altitude wind cut alarm is issued when the unit time change amount of the at least three weather parameter data exceeds the corresponding threshold value.

The airport is under a stable atmosphere, and general meteorological elements such as air pressure, temperature and humidity Observed, the amplitude of the jitter is observed every second or every minute, usually within a certain range. If the jitter range is a probability distribution that approximates the normal distribution, about 68% of the value is within 1 standard deviation of the average value. Range, about 95% of the value is distributed within a range of 2 standard deviations from the mean. Under the unstable atmosphere, these meteorological elements are beating and may exceed the standard deviation of two standards. Wai.

The operation process of the low-altitude wind-cutting translation method is specifically the present invention In the method of processing meteorological parameter data in the method (for example, calculating a unit time variation amount of the meteorological parameter data and a step of comparing), in an embodiment of the invention, the low-altitude wind cutting algorithm comprises: (1) calculating each observation The unit time variation of the meteorological parameter data of the point; (2) Calculate the standard deviation of the unit time variation of each meteorological parameter data by statistical means, and set the two standard deviations as the unit time change of each meteorological parameter data. And (3) comparing the unit time change amount of the meteorological parameter with a corresponding threshold value, and issuing at least three of the unit time change amounts of the meteorological parameter exceeding a corresponding threshold value Low altitude wind cut alarm. In other words, the unit time variation of the meteorological parameter data is within the range of not exceeding two standard deviations, that is, the meteorological condition in which no low-altitude wind cut occurs, and the actual observation and prediction examples will be further explained below.

The unit time variation of the meteorological parameter data includes: wind speed, air pressure, gas The amount of change in the unit time of the mild dew point temperature, and the amount of change in the relative pressure gradient of the two observation points per unit time. The unit time variation of the meteorological parameter data refers to the difference of the data obtained by observation of the meteorological parameters before and after the unit time (which may be the length of the unit time of seconds or minutes), for example, the air pressure is observed every 1 second. The observation method in one time (the length of time per unit time is 1 second), the difference between the air pressure value obtained by the current 1 second observation and the air pressure value obtained by the previous second observation. Therefore, the unit time variation amount of the meteorological parameter can be expressed by the following formula (1).

X _i =Y _i -Y _i-1 (Formula 1) X _i represents the observed difference between this second or this minute and the previous or previous minute meteorological parameters (hereinafter referred to as the "jitter value" or "unit" The amount of time change "is the same)

Y _i represents the observation of the meteorological parameter of this second or minute; Y _i-1 represents the observation of the weather parameter of the previous second or previous minute;

An embodiment for calculating the standard deviation σ of the unit time variation amount of each meteorological parameter data is as follows. First, the average value of the unit time change amount of the meteorological parameter is calculated as the following formula (2), and if the average value is close to 0, it is divided into positive The negative value is divided into two parts, and the standard deviation σ is calculated separately. For example, for air pressure, air temperature, and dew point temperature, the beat value per second or minute averages close to zero, then the positive or negative values are beaten every second or every minute, divided into two parts, and the standard deviation σ is calculated separately. The average gradient of the gas pressure gradient per second is almost greater than 0, and the standard deviation σ is directly calculated as shown in the following formula (3).

Referring to FIG. 2, a flow chart of an embodiment of the method of the present invention is illustrated. Including: S1. setting the observation device at the selected observation point; S2. detecting the meteorological parameter data of the observation point at a preset sampling frequency (such as 1 time/second), the weather parameter data includes: wind speed, air pressure, temperature And a combination of at least three and three or more of the dew point temperatures; S3. generating a unit time change amount of each meteorological parameter data and a threshold value corresponding to the unit time change amount of each meteorological parameter data; S4. Comparing the unit time change amount of each meteorological parameter data with the corresponding threshold value; S5. at least three of the unit time change amounts of the meteorological parameter data exceed the corresponding A low-altitude wind-cut alarm is issued when the threshold is exceeded.

An embodiment of the method step of the present invention further comprises: calculating a relative position of the two observation points The amount of change in the pressure gradient per unit time, determining a threshold corresponding to the relative pressure gradient, and comparing the amount of change in the relative pressure gradient of the two observation points with the corresponding threshold value, wherein the pressure gradient is Refers to the difference in air pressure between two observation points at the same time.

An embodiment of the method of predicting low altitude wind cutting in accordance with the present invention, wherein selected observations The position of the point includes: both positions P-1 and P-2 of the runway W1 of the airport, the middle position P-3 of the airport runway W1, and any position within the range of 3 nautical miles extending from both ends of the runway W1 and combination. Please refer to FIG. 3, which is an embodiment of the position of the distribution of observation points in the system of the present invention. The existing meteorological observation equipment such as the wind tower is basically disposed at the two ends P-1 and P- of the airport runway W1. 2 and the middle position of the runway is P-3. According to the existing LLWAS system, at least 6 to 8 wind towers are required. If only the wind tower is installed at the above-mentioned location of the airport runway W1, it is not enough to use the method of the present invention, even if the airport has insufficient hinterland. A wind tower is provided at both end positions P-1 and P-2 of the runway W1 and a middle position P-3 of the runway W1, and other meteorological observation devices 20 for observing the meteorological parameters described in the present invention can still achieve prediction Low-altitude wind cuts and the purpose of issuing low-altitude wind alert warnings.

An embodiment of the observation device 20 of the system of the present invention comprises: wind speed measurement Apparatus, barometer, temperature meter and dew point thermometer, according to an embodiment of the method of the present invention, if at least three of the unit time variations of meteorological parameter data of a certain observation point exceed the corresponding threshold value, it is predicted that low air wind will occur Cut, in other words, the observation device 20 of the observation point includes at least three or a combination of three or more of an air velocity measuring instrument, a barometer, a temperature meter, and a dew point thermometer; in an embodiment of the present invention, in order to ensure observation by the observation device 20 Meteorological parameters will not The problem of data errors or deviations due to instrument failure, the same observation device 20 of any observation point can be set at least three (for example, three barometers) at the same time, and then obtained by observation with three observation devices 20 of the same kind. The meteorological parameter data takes the average value as the meteorological parameter data of the observation point; in an embodiment of the present invention, the program run by the host 10 further includes a data checking function for eliminating erroneous meteorological parameter data, specifically The data of one of the three meteorological parameters obtained by the observation of the three types of observation equipment 20 of the same kind is significantly different from the data of the other two, for example, the phase difference is greater than a certain preset error ratio (such as +5%). And -5%) can be regarded as the failure of the observation device 20. In this case, only the average value of the other two image parameters is taken as the meteorological parameter data of the observation point.

Then, using the low-altitude wind-cutting warning system (LLWAS) of the existing Songshan Airport, the distribution map of the low-altitude wind-cutting alarms is issued on a certain observation day D1 as the reference data, and the two methods of the method of the present invention at the Songshan Airport are respectively on the runway. The east side (hereinafter referred to as runway R28) and the west side of the runway (hereinafter referred to as runway R10) are compared with the meteorological parameters per second obtained by observation on the same observation day D1, indicating that the low-altitude wind cut prediction is issued and issued by the method of the present invention. The way the alert is made.

First, please refer to Figure 9A for the low-altitude wind-cutting warning system (LLWAS) of the existing Songshan Airport on a certain actual observation day D1 (including mild wind-cut warning-LGT, moderate wind-cutting alarm) - MOD and strong wind cut alarm - SEV) number distribution map (the vertical axis in the figure shows the number of times in the frequency-Frequency), and Figure 9B shows the total number of low-altitude wind-cut alarms released in each timeline (each The total number of mild, moderate, and strong wind cut alarms during the time period). From the contents of the picture, we can understand that Songshan Airport has two time periods from 0100-0600UTC ( C oordinated U niversal T ime) and 0090-1300 UTC. The low-altitude wind-cut warning system issued wind-cut warnings at the airport, totaling 196 times respectively. And 133 times. It was issued 2-57 times per hour in the previous period; 7-115 times per hour in the latter period, of which 56 times of mild wind-cutting warning and 113 times of moderate wind-cutting warning were issued at 0300-0500UTC, most frequently; 1000UTC, the wind cut warning was issued within 1 hour. The mild, moderate and strong wind cuts were 9 times, 92 times and 14 times respectively, the most and strong.

Please refer to Figures 4A-4B for the wind speed distribution obtained by observation at two observation points (runway R28 and runway R10) pre-set at Songshan Airport according to the method of the present invention on the same observation day D1, and Figure 4C is A distribution map showing the number of seconds in which the wind speed of the runway R10 and the runway R28 is greater than 20KT (knot) in each period of the observation day D1 (the vertical axis in the figure represents the number of seconds of the period in frequency-Frequency). As shown in Figures 4A and 4B, it shows that both the airport runway R10 and the runway R28 wind speeds have a time period of more than 20KT, which is equivalent to the time period when the two wind-cutting alarms of 0100-0600 UTC and 1100-1300 UTC are released. Analysis of the strong west wind track R10 and runway R28 wind speed in front of the 0100-0600UTC front is greater than 20KT, the hourly frequency is about 188-1103 seconds and 135-1157 seconds respectively, and the airport issued a low-altitude wind-cut warning period of about 2-57 times per hour. The two are quite consistent. Especially at 0300-0700UTC wind speed is greater than 20KT, there are more seconds per hour, and there are more wind-cut warnings. During the thunderstorm (1027-1106 UTC), the runway R10 and runway R28 wind speed is greater than 20KT, 60-69 seconds per hour, and the airport wind cut warning is 1800L, within one hour, the wind cut warning, mild, medium The degree and strong wind cut warnings were 9 times, 92 times and 14 times, and the wind cuts were 115 times, the most frequent and the strongest. It shows that during the strong west wind and the thunderstorm in front of the front, the frequency of wind speed greater than 20KT is closely related to the frequency of low-altitude wind cuts at the airport. Therefore, in this observation example, the method according to the present invention can set 20KT as the threshold value of the unit time change of the wind speed according to the historical data of the wind speed, and the unit time change of the wind speed of the preset observation point is greater than This door Depreciation can predict the impending low-altitude wind cut.

Please refer to Figures 5A-5B for the observation day D1, according to the method of the present invention. The air pressure jitter distribution map obtained by observation at Songshan Airport at the same two observation points (runway R28 and runway R10) (ie, the unit time change distribution map of air pressure), and the 5C chart shows the air pressure jump value of runway R10 and runway R28. (that is, the amount of change in pressure per unit time) exceeds the occurrence period of the two standard deviation ranges and its frequency distribution map (the vertical axis in the figure shows the number of times the air pressure jitter value exceeds two standard deviations in this period by frequency-Frequency). As shown in Figures 5A-5B, the air pressure jump of runway R10 (runway R28) is concentrated in the range between 0.181~-0.172hPa (0.177~-0.191hPa), that is, 95% of the air pressure is distributed in the distance average. There are 2 standard deviations. The runout of runway R10 (runway R28) is greater than the range between 0.181hPa and less than -0.172hPa (greater than 0.177hPa and less than -0.191hPa), that is, the air pressure beats more than 2 standard deviations, the main frequency of occurrence frequency and 0100- The 0700UTC and 0090-1300UTC periods are equivalent to the two wind cut periods. As shown in Fig. 5C, in the period of 0200-0600 UTC, the total frequency of R10 and R28 is 1-15 times, and the number of low-altitude wind-cut warnings in the same period is 2-57 times. The only time during the 0100UTC period is that the R10 and R28 air bounces do not exceed 2 standard deviations, while the low-altitude wind cut warnings issue 5 warnings; at 0700-0800 UTC R10 and R28 air bounces more than 2 standard deviations occur 1-6 times, while the low-altitude wind The system was not released with warnings. During 1000-1100 UTC period, R10 and R28 air pressure beat more than 2 standard deviations, 3-14 times occur, and the number of low-altitude wind-cut warnings in the same period is 11-115 times, including the airport thunderstorm occurrence period (1027-1106 UTC), air pressure. The beating range is large and the frequency is high, and the number of low-altitude wind-cutting warnings is as high as 115 times. The only R10 and R28 air pressure beats more than 2 standard deviations during the 0900 UTC period, while the low altitude wind cut warning issued 7 warnings; during the 1200 UTC period, the R10 and R28 air pressure beats more than 2 standard deviations 14 times, while the low altitude air cut system does not. Issue a warning. Show airport air bounce After two standard deviations, the frequency of occurrence is closely related to the frequency of low-altitude wind-cutting, especially in the case of heavy thunderstorms. Therefore, in this observation example, the method according to the present invention can calculate the threshold value of the unit time change amount of the air pressure based on the historical data of the air pressure jump value, and set the threshold value of the unit time change amount of the air pressure as the threshold value. The unit time change of the air pressure at the observation point is greater than the threshold value to predict the impending low-altitude wind cut.

Please refer to Figure 6A, which shows the observation day D1, according to the method of the present invention in Songshan The unit time variation distribution map of the relative pressure gradient of the runway R28 and the runway R10 obtained by the airport at the same two observation points (runway R28 and runway R10) via the observation of the host 10 of the present invention. The air pressure gradient refers to the air pressure difference between the two observation points at the same time. The air pressure gradient shown in Fig. 6A represents the air pressure value obtained by observing the runway R10 minus the air pressure value observed on the runway R28, Fig. 6B. Shows the occurrence period and frequency distribution of the pressure gradient jitter (that is, the unit time variation of the pressure gradient) exceeding 2 standard deviations (the vertical axis in the figure shows the occurrence of the pressure gradient jitter value exceeding two standard deviations in this period by frequency-Frequency frequency). As shown in Fig. 6A, the pressure gradient variation in the figure is concentrated in the range of 0.090 to 0.479 hPa, that is, the 95% numerical value distribution is within 2 standard deviations from the average value. The pressure gradient jitter is greater than 0.479hPa and less than 0.090hPa, that is, the pressure gradient beats more than 2 standard deviations, and the main period of occurrence frequency is equivalent to the period of the two wind cut periods of 0100-0700UTC and 0090-1300UTC (such as Figure 6B shows). In the period of 0300-0600 UTC, the pressure gradient jumps more than 2 standard deviations 180-360 times, while the low-altitude wind-cut warnings in the same period is 2-57 times. The only pressure gradient in the 0100-0200UTC period does not exceed 2 standard deviations, while the low-altitude wind-cut warning releases 5-20 warnings; in the 0700UTC pressure gradient, more than 2 standard deviations occur 360 times, while the low-altitude wind-cutting system does not. Issue a warning. At 1000-1100 UTC, the pressure gradient jumps more than 2 standard deviations and occurs 180-720 The number of low-altitude wind-cutting warnings in the same period was 11-115 times. In the event of a thunderstorm at the airport (1027-1106 UTC), the pressure gradient jumped at a large amplitude and frequency, and the number of low-altitude wind-cut warnings was as high as 115 times. The only pressure gradient jump in the 0900UTC period did not exceed 2 standard deviations, while the low-altitude wind-cut warning issued 7 warnings; at 1200UTC, the pressure gradient jumped more than 2 standard deviations 1438 times, while the low-altitude wind-cutting system did not issue a warning. It shows that the atmospheric pressure gradient of the airport exceeds 2 standard deviations, and its frequency is closely related to the frequency of low-altitude wind-cutting. Especially in the case of large thunderstorms, the pressure gradients are larger and the frequency is higher. Similarly, the low-altitude wind cutting is also stronger. The frequency is also higher. Therefore, in this observation example, the method according to the present invention can calculate the threshold value of the unit time variation of the air pressure gradient according to the historical data of the unit time variation of the air pressure gradient, when the second preset is The unit time variation of the pressure gradient between the observation points is greater than this threshold to predict the impending low-altitude wind cut.

Please refer to Figures 7A-7B for the observation day D1, according to the method of the present invention. The temperature jitter profile obtained by the observation of Songshan Airport at the same two observation points (runway R10 and runway R28) (ie, the distribution of temperature per unit time), and the 7C chart shows the runout value of runway R10 and runway R28. (that is, the amount of change in temperature per unit time) exceeds the occurrence period of the two standard deviation ranges and its frequency distribution map (the vertical axis in the figure shows the number of times the temperature jitter value exceeds two standard deviations in this period by frequency-Frequency). As shown in Figures 7A-7B, the temperature jitter of runway R10 and runway R28 is concentrated between -0.201~0.195°C (-0.238~0.232°C), that is, the temperature jumps 95%. The value is distributed in the distance average. Within the standard deviation. The runway R10 (runway R28) temperature jump is outside the range of -0.201~0.195 °C (-0.238~0.232 °C), that is, the temperature jumps more than 2 standard deviations, the main period of its frequency is 0100-0700UTC and 0090-1300UTC The time period during which the two wind cut periods occur is equivalent. In the period of 0100-0600 UTC, the total of runway R10 and runway R28 The frequency is 2-15 times, and the number of low-altitude wind-cut warnings in the same period is 2-57 times. The only time at 0700UTC runway R10 and runway R28 temperature jumped more than 2 standard deviations three times, while the low-altitude wind cutting system did not issue a warning. In addition, during the 1000-1100 UTC period, the runway R10 and runway R28 temperature jumped more than 2 standard deviations, 1-3 times occurred, and the number of low-altitude wind-cut warnings in the same period was 11-115 times, which occurred during the airport thunderstorm (1027- 1106UTC), the temperature is very large (runway R28 is at 1038UTC -0.4°C, runway R10 is at 1034UTC -0.5°C), and the number of low-altitude wind-cut warnings is as high as 115 times. The only runway R10 and runway R28 temperature jitter did not exceed 2 standard deviations during the 0900 UTC period, while the low altitude wind cut warning issued 7 warnings. It shows that the airport has strong west wind and thunderstorm time in front of the front. The temperature jumps more than 2 standard deviations, and its frequency is closely related to the frequency of low-altitude wind cuts, especially in the case of heavy thunderstorms. Therefore, in this observation example, the method according to the present invention can calculate the threshold value of the unit time variation of the temperature as the threshold value of the temperature per unit time change according to the historical data of the unit time variation of the temperature. When the unit time change of the temperature of the preset observation point is greater than the threshold value, the upcoming low-altitude wind cut can be predicted.

Please refer to Figures 8A-8B for the dew point temperature jitter distribution obtained by observation at the same two observation points (runway R10 and runway R28) at Songshan Airport according to the method of the present invention (ie, the dew point temperature). The unit time variation distribution map), Figure 8C shows the runway R10 and runway R28 dew point temperature jitter value (that is, the unit time variation of the dew point temperature) over the two standard deviation range of the occurrence period and its frequency distribution map (in the figure) The vertical axis represents the number of times the dew point temperature jitter value exceeds two standard deviations in this period by frequency-Frequency. As shown in Figures 8A-8B, the dew point temperature runout of runway R10 and runway R28 is concentrated between -0.633 and 0.633 °C (-0.468~0.432 °C), that is, the dew point temperature jumps 95% of the value distribution in the distance average. Within 2 standard deviations. The runway temperature of runway R10 (runway R28) is outside the range of -0.633~0.633°C (-0.468~0.432°C), that is, the dew point temperature jumps more than 2 standard deviations, and the main period of frequency is 0100-0700UTC and 0900. -1300UTC The period of the two wind cut periods is equivalent. In the period of 0100-0600 UTC, the total frequency of runway R10 and runway R28 is 2-21 times, while the number of low-altitude wind-cut warnings in the same period is 2-57 times. The only time at 0700 UTC, Runway R10 and Runway R28 dew point temperature jumped more than 2 standard deviations, occurred once, while the low-altitude wind cut system did not issue a warning. In addition, during the 1100 UTC period, the runway R28 dew point temperature jumped more than 2 standard deviations, occurred once, and the number of low-altitude wind-cut warnings in the same period was 11 times, including the airport thunderstorm occurrence period (1027-1106 UTC) and the runway R28 at 1034 UTC. And the 1035UTC dew point temperature jumps a lot, -1.0 ° C and 0.7 ° C. The only runway R10 and runway R28 dew point temperature jumps did not exceed 2 standard deviations during the 0900-1000 UTC period, while the low-altitude wind-cut warning issued 7-115 warnings. It shows that the airport has strong west wind and thunderstorm time in front of the front. The dew point temperature beats more than 2 standard deviations, and its frequency is closely related to the frequency of low-altitude wind cuts, especially in the case of heavy thunderstorms. Therefore, in this observation example, the method according to the present invention can calculate the two standard deviations of the unit time change amount of the dew point temperature as the unit time change amount of the dew point temperature after calculating the historical data of the unit time change amount of the dew point temperature. The threshold value, when the unit time change of the dew point temperature of the preset observation point is greater than the threshold value, the low-altitude wind cut is predicted.

It can be understood from the above description that the present invention predicts a method of low-altitude wind cutting by It is found that when the unit time variation of the observed meteorological parameter data exceeds the corresponding threshold value, the low-altitude wind is predicted, and the position of the low-altitude wind cut is the position of the single observation point. In an embodiment of the method for predicting low-altitude wind-cutting according to the present invention, in order to improve the reliability and correctness of predicting wind-cutting, the meteorological parameter data obtained through observation at a single observation point is When at least three of the unit time variations exceed the corresponding threshold value, the position of the single observation point is warned that the wind cut occurs, in other words, the meteorological parameters including wind speed, air pressure, air temperature, dew point temperature, and air pressure gradient. When at least three of the unit time changes exceed the threshold, it is possible to predict the impending low-altitude wind cut and issue a low-altitude wind-cut warning to the location of the observation point.

As shown in FIG. 10, another implementation of the method for predicting low-altitude wind cutting in the present invention For example, the step of predicting the position of the wind cut comprises: warning at least three of the unit time changes of the meteorological parameter data detected by the adjacent two observation points beyond the corresponding threshold value, and warning the area between the two observation points A1 is the position where the low-altitude wind cut occurs.

Another embodiment of the method for predicting low-altitude wind cutting in the present invention is shown in FIG. For example, the step of predicting the position of the wind cut comprises: when at least three of the unit time changes of the meteorological parameter data detected by the adjacent three observation points exceed the corresponding threshold value, warning the three observation points to be enclosed The triangular area A2 is a low-altitude wind-cutting position.

It can be understood from the above implementation that the low-altitude wind-cut warning system proposed by the present invention The method of predicting low-altitude wind cuts, as long as at least three of the unit time changes of the meteorological parameter data of a certain observation point are found to exceed the corresponding threshold value, it can be predicted that the position of the observation point is about to be low-altitude, in other words, Through the method and the warning system proposed by the present invention, the observation device 20 is disposed even at only the two ends of the airport runway, the middle position of the airport runway, and the position of any one of the three sea otters extending outward at both ends of the airport runway. Or, the goal of low-altitude wind cut prediction and warning can still be achieved, and it can solve the problem that the existing low-altitude wind-cut warning system (LLWAS) cannot be set up in the airport hinterland.

Although the present invention has been disclosed above through the above embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting. In the present invention, any skilled person skilled in the art will be able to make some modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and therefore the scope of the invention shall be determined by the scope of the appended claims. .

S1‧‧‧Set observation equipment at selected observation points

S2‧‧‧ detects the meteorological parameter data of the observation point with a preset sampling frequency, the meteorological parameter data includes: at least three of the wind speed, air pressure, air temperature and dew point temperature, and a combination of three or more

S3‧‧‧ generates a unit time change amount of each meteorological parameter data and a threshold value corresponding to the unit time change amount of each meteorological parameter data

S4‧‧‧Compare the unit time variation of each meteorological parameter data with the corresponding threshold value

S5‧‧‧A low-altitude wind-cutting alarm is issued when at least three of the unit time variations of the meteorological parameter data exceed the corresponding threshold value

Claims (17)

A low-altitude wind-cut warning system includes: an observation device disposed at a selected observation point, wherein the observation device is configured to obtain meteorological parameter data of the observation point, wherein the meteorological parameter data includes: wind speed, air pressure, air temperature, and dew point temperature In combination of at least three and more than three, the observing device includes at least one communication device for transmitting the obtained meteorological parameter data; and a host having a communication unit capable of communicating with the communication device of the observing device for receiving the Observing equipment obtains the meteorological parameter data obtained by the observation, the host records the meteorological parameter data of the observation point, and the host calculates the unit time change of the air pressure, the air temperature and the dew point temperature of the observation point according to the obtained meteorological parameter data. And the amount of change in the relative pressure gradient of the two observation points per unit time, the host compares the unit time variation of the meteorological parameter data with a corresponding threshold value, and the threshold value corresponding to the meteorological parameter data is statistically The standard deviation of the unit time variation of the meteorological parameter data Setting the two standard deviations as the threshold value corresponding to the unit time change amount of the meteorological parameter data, and issuing low-altitude wind cut when at least three of the unit time change amounts of the meteorological parameter data exceed the corresponding threshold value alarm. For example, the low-altitude wind-cutting warning system described in claim 1 includes: the two ends of the airport runway, the middle section of the airport runway, and the three ends of the airport runway extending outward within 3 nautical miles. A location combined with it. The low-altitude wind-cut warning system according to claim 1, wherein the observation device comprises: at least three of a barometer, a temperature meter and a dew point thermometer, and a combination of three or more. The low-altitude wind-cut warning system according to claim 3, wherein the same type of observation device disposed at the observation point includes at least three. The low-altitude wind-cut warning system according to claim 1, wherein the communication device comprises: any one of a wireless communication device and a network communication device, and a combination thereof. The low-altitude wind-cut warning system according to claim 1, wherein the communication unit comprises: any one of a wireless communication device and a network communication device, and a combination thereof. The low-altitude wind-cut warning system according to claim 1, wherein the host warns the observation point when at least three of the unit time variations of the meteorological parameter data at a single observation point exceed the corresponding threshold value The location is the position where the low-altitude wind cuts. The low-altitude wind-cut warning system according to claim 1, wherein the host warning is caused when at least three of the unit time variations of the meteorological parameter data of the adjacent two observation points exceed the corresponding threshold value. The area between the two observation points is the position where the low-level wind cut occurs. The low-altitude wind-cut warning system according to claim 1, wherein the host warning is caused when at least three of the unit time variations of the meteorological parameter data of the adjacent three observation points exceed the corresponding threshold value. The triangular area enclosed by the three observation points is a low-altitude wind-cutting position. A method for predicting low-altitude wind cutting includes: setting an observation device at a selected observation point; and using the observation device to detect meteorological parameter data of the observation point at a preset sampling frequency, the weather parameter data comprising: the observation point a combination of at least three and three or more of wind speed, air pressure, air temperature, and dew point temperature; generating a unit time change amount of each meteorological parameter data and a threshold value corresponding to the unit time change amount of each meteorological parameter data, The threshold value corresponding to the meteorological parameter data is a statistical method for calculating the standard deviation of the unit time variation of the meteorological parameter data, and the two standard deviations are set as the threshold corresponding to the unit time variation of the meteorological parameter data. The unit time variation of each of the meteorological parameter data and the corresponding gate The devaluation is compared; a low-altitude wind-cutting alarm is issued when the unit time variation of at least three of the meteorological parameter data exceeds the corresponding threshold value. The method for predicting low-altitude wind cutting as described in claim 10, wherein the observation point comprises: two ends of the airport runway, a middle position of the airport runway, and an extension of the two ends of the airport runway extending within 3 nautical miles. A location combined with it. The method for predicting low-altitude wind cutting according to claim 10, wherein the observation device comprises: at least three of a wind speed measuring instrument, a barometer, a temperature meter and a dew point thermometer, and a combination of three or more. The method for predicting low-altitude wind cutting according to claim 12, wherein the same type of observation device disposed at the observation point includes at least three. The method for predicting a low-altitude wind cut as described in claim 10, comprising: calculating a unit time change amount of a relative air pressure gradient of two observation points, determining a threshold value corresponding to the air pressure gradient, and determining the threshold value of the two observation points The amount of change in unit time relative to the pressure gradient is compared to the corresponding threshold value. The method for predicting a low-altitude wind cut according to claim 10, comprising: warning a single observation point when a unit time change amount of at least three of the meteorological parameter data detected by a single observation point exceeds a corresponding threshold value; The position is the position where the low-altitude wind cuts. The method for predicting a low-altitude wind cut according to claim 10, wherein: when the unit time change amount of at least three of the meteorological parameter data detected by the adjacent two observation points exceeds the corresponding threshold value, the warning is The area between the two observation points is the location where the low-level wind cut occurs. The method for predicting low-altitude wind-cutting according to claim 10, comprising: detecting, by the adjacent three observation points, that the unit time variation of the at least three weather parameter data exceeds the corresponding gate When the value is depreciated, it is warned that the triangular area enclosed by the three observation points is a low-altitude wind-cutting position.