TWI604536B - 用以基板接合之裝置及方法 - Google Patents
用以基板接合之裝置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明係關於如技術方案4中所主張之一種用於將一第一基板之一接合側接合至一第二基板之一接合側之裝置,及如技術方案1中所主張之一種對應方法。
特定言之,當接合金屬或金屬化基板或具有金屬表面之基板時,待接合基板之接合側之氧化因使得接合程序更加困難而舉足輕重。氧化物防止或減少一機械上及/或電氣上高品質接觸之形成。尤其由於長加熱及冷卻時間所致,此與一產量退化關聯,且在接合期間溫度(或必須)越高,歸因於溫度差之膨脹對基板之對準或校準準確度之影響越大。此外,(例如)特定MEMS裝置及/或HL裝置不允許高處理溫度。
因此,本發明之目標係設計用於接合之一種裝置及一種方法,使用該裝置及方法可更加有效地進行接合程序且對對準準確性有較少影響。
使用技術方案1及4之特徵達成此目標。在附屬技術方案中給定本發明之有利發展。在說明書、技術方案及/或圖式中給定之特徵之至少兩者之所有組合亦落於本發明之範疇內。在給定值範圍處,在指示限制內之值將亦被認為揭示作為邊界值且將以任意組合進行主張。
本發明係基於藉由儘可能均勻且完全地還原在第一基板及第二基板之接合側上產生之氧化物層直至使得基板接觸及接合而確保一有效及/或加速接合之理念。此係藉由具有可如本發明中所主張相對於大氣密封之一共同工作空間之一模組群組而達成,且其中同時發生接
合側還原以及基板接合。取決於存在於或形成於接合側上之氧化物之化學及/或物理性質,可藉由相對於大氣之分離而設定在工作空間中之介質之一對應成分。
如本發明中所主張之基板係(尤其是)Si基板,其中在接合側(其隨著程序進展而接合)上出現Cu至Cu接合。替代地,如本發明中所主張可使用具有諸如(例如)Au、W、Ni、Pd、Pt、Sn等或金屬之一組合之其他金屬層之基板。此之實例將係塗佈Al之Si晶圓、塗佈Cu及Sn之Si晶圓、塗佈Ti之Si晶圓、或塗佈Cu之Si晶圓及在產業中習知之一阻擋層,該阻擋層在Cu之下且其為熟習此項技術者已知(例如,Ti、Ta、W、TiN、TaN、TiW等等),其旨在防止Cu擴散至Si中。此等擴散障壁為熟習此領域中之技術者已知。
因此,如本發明中所主張,提供可自環境(因此,自氧化大氣)(較佳地密閉式)密封之一工作空間係決定性的,在其空間中可進行接合側上(較佳地在整個基板上)之可能氧化層之還原及接合。因此,如本發明中所主張,可防止在還原與接合程序之間之接合側之重複氧化。取決於基板之組成物,尤其是存在於基板上之金屬塗佈,大氣之不同成分可以氧化方式運作。但是大體上氧及含有氧之化合物具有氧化效應。因此,特定言之,在工作空間中除使用介質之一還原組成物之外,氧之濃度及水/水蒸氣將大幅降低或將較佳地大致上為零。
如本發明中所主張,尤其可想到的是連接額外模組至工作空間用於進一步程序最佳化,尤其用於預處理及/或後處理及/或在工作空間中待接合之基板之物理及/或化學性質之量測。重要的方法步驟可係加熱、還原、對準、冷卻、量測層厚度等等。
此可根據如本發明中所主張之其他模組(諸如(尤其是)還原模組及接合模組)圍繞一中心模組定位(尤其包圍運動設備)且此等模組可尤其銜接於中心模組上之情況下之裝置而尤其有利地加以實施。運動設
備較佳係一具有一對應末端受動器之一工業用工業機械臂。模組可經定位或可定位(尤其)成一星形或圍繞中心模成簇。
還原模組較佳經建構使得可同時容納若干接合卡盤。在理想情況下,還原模組及接合模組經建構使得整個系統之產量相對於此等程序步驟經最大化。在一尤其有利版本中,在接合模組之上游放置至少兩個模組,其等之一者係至少還原模組且另一者係一儲存模組類型。接合卡盤與所負載晶圓被載入至還原模組中且進行處理。然後接合卡盤可在儲存模組中進行緩衝且可在任意時間用於即刻接合用途。在一特殊實施例中,儲存模組亦可作為一還原模組進行建構。
根據本發明之一有利實施例,假設在還原模組中之一還原空間及/或在接合模組中之一接合空間可尤其以一密封方式(較佳藉由細分工作空間)與工作空間分離。因此還原及/或接合可被限制至工作空間之對應部分,從而能夠進一步增加效率及加速。可尤其藉由在中心模組及工作空間及/或接合空間之間傳遞發生分離。此外,可想到的是熱絕緣及/或電磁遮蔽還原空間及/或接合空間。
根據一實施例,此處若還原空間(尤其獨立於工作空間)可尤其藉由電漿還原及/或氣體還原而暴露於一還原大氣(尤其用一還原大氣沖洗)係有利的。特定言之,藉由重複一沖洗程序若干次(較佳地與抽真空交替)最佳化氧化物層之還原/還原作用。理想情況下,氧化物層被完全移除。較佳地,至少基本等溫地、尤其在還原溫度(RT)與400℃之間、較佳在RT與300℃之間、甚至更佳在RT與200℃之間、最佳在RT與100℃之間、尤佳在RT之一溫度下於還原空間內發生還原。
還原溫度開始於一漸增加熱,其可取決於各自待還原之氧化物而選擇以便獲得最佳結果。因此,如本發明中所主張,一溫度分佈及/或一氣壓分佈可在還原空間中進展(較佳地藉由(中心)控制設備加以控制)。
在還原空間及/或接合空間可藉由尤其不同加熱方法經加熱(尤其獨立於工作空間)至一還原溫度(還原空間)或接合溫度(接合空間)的範圍內,可在各自程序上控制溫度控制。此與一較小積體需要加熱之優點關聯,從而加速程序。有利地將接合卡盤及/或晶圓帶至模組之一者中之溫度且在模組之間之短傳送期間損耗其熱量。較佳地,接合卡盤因此具有一高熱容量。
此處如本發明中所主張,若還原空間可尤其個別地暴露至一溫度分佈及/或氣壓分佈,尤其較佳地外加以一還原介質重複地沖洗還原空間係有利的。
在本發明之一發展中,假設尤其與還原空間分離及/或與接合空間分離之工作空間可暴露至一還原大氣。因此工作空間可在還原空間或接合空間分開(尤其分開控制)時個別地受影響。
藉由工作空間之還原模組與接合模組之間之晶圓之處置可使用低於附近/大氣中之氣壓進行。歸因於介質(尤其是氣體或氣體混合物)之低氣壓,在工作空間中此刻晶圓之溫度損耗因幾乎不發生對流損耗而在此傳遞期間大幅降低。因此,可確保使基板保持在高於100℃之一溫度下;此防止位於工作空間之可能殘留水分導致晶圓之重複氧化。有利地,即使在此低氣壓下,工作空間中充滿一惰性及/或還原氣體,尤其是一合成氣體。
在此處及/或以下圖式之描述中揭示裝置特徵之範圍內,其等特徵亦應被認為揭示作為方法之特徵,且反之亦然。
自以下較佳例示性實施例之描述及使用圖式將清楚本發明之其他優點、特徵及細節。
在圖式中使用根據本發明之實施例識別本發明之優點及特徵之元件符號標記本發明之優點及特徵,具有相同功能或具有相同效果之功能之組件或特徵由同樣的元件符號加以標記。
如本發明中所主張,實施根據第一實施例(圖1)之(粗略)氧化物移除,使得首先在一外部清洗模組1中尤其依序清洗一第一基板及一第二基板。在此外部清洗模組1中可借助於一可能氧化物之蝕刻進行粗略還原或粗略移除。基板可尤其是晶圓。
該等基板在一對準模組2中相應地彼此對準。如本發明中所主張,對準發生於未展示且容納及固定彼此對準之基板之一接合卡盤上。在固定之後,接合卡盤及基板可載入至模組群組9中,且可(尤其藉由在中心模組11中之一運動設備10在以下描述之模組之間移動。
較佳在緊接附近內存在配置成一簇或星形之一模組群組9。裝置之主要任務在於接合基板。模組群組9之一工作空間密封地與模組群組9之外之環境隔離使得(特定言之)沒有氧化氣體可自模組群組9之外進入工作空間。此意指模組群組9之大氣可以一可控方式加以調整。
根據第一實施例之清洗模組1及/或對準模組2與含有至少一接合模組5之模組群組9分離。具有包括兩基板之堆疊對準且固定於其上之接合卡盤經由一氣閘3移動至模組群組9。在待接合之表面(接合側)在傳送至模組群組9期間暴露至大氣的範圍內,發生金屬表面(接合側)之重複氧化。氧化物在室溫下之厚度主要取決於大氣(大氣濕度、溫度等等)及基板在氧化大氣中之滯留時間。因此,如本發明中所主張,在對準模組2及模組群組9之間儘可能快地進行接合卡盤上之晶圓傳遞係有利的。
在另一實施例中,除清洗模組1及/或對準模組2之外,可使用一鈍化模組(未展示),其使用一極薄保護層對之後待接合之晶圓之表面進行塗佈,該保護層減緩(較佳防止)進一步表面氧化。因此晶圓傳遞至模組群組9中可能具有少許表面氧化,較佳完全不具有表面氧化。
在將具有對準晶圓之接合卡盤放置於模組群組9中之後,就預先施覆之一鈍化層而言,鈍化層之移除發生於一模組中(使用熱能及/或
電漿及/或氣體及/或液體)。在一特定實施例中,鈍化層移除模組亦可與還原模組4同樣。
在對準晶圓並未塗佈一惰性層之情況下,在模組群組9中首先發生一還原模組4之一還原空間12中之一熱處理。在本發明中所主張之一理念在於結合能夠在還原模組4中在一還原大氣中及在高溫下分解氧化物之任意方法還原、移除及/或藉由一抽空沖凈程序消除其間形成之氧化物。在此程序中,還原空間12(其中基板位於接合卡盤上)依可程式化間隔(尤其依恆定時間之可程式化間隔)抽真空且用還原氣體沖洗。因此有利地在模組群組9內之還原模組4之大氣可相對於模組群組9之大氣隔離。各沖洗程序導致表面上之氧化物之還原且各抽真空程序導致還原產物之移除。重複使用如本發明中所主張之此抽真空及沖洗程序使得自金屬表面移除氧化物之最大部分、較佳移除整個氧化物成為可能。因為本發明中所主張之此程序發生於還原空間12中作為模組群組9(其相對於大氣密封地閉塞,且其此外本身具有一還原大氣、較佳一真空)之一部分之還原模組4內,在卸載基板至相同模組群組9之另一模組(5、6、7、8)中之後可不再發生重複氧化。
圖2象徵性地展示一溫度特性及若干抽空沖凈循環。在載入基板後之溫度自一初始溫度Ti(其經選擇使得基板在載入至還原模組4之還原空間12中時不會藉由過快加熱損害)上升至值Tf(還原溫度)。針對Cu表面,理想情況下Tf之值大致上係195℃。必須根據經驗判定或計算精確溫度。其等可針對不同氧化物而變化極大。至少基本(尤其在一加熱時間之後)完全等溫地進行程序。溫度標度係圖2中之左側橫座標。針對還原氣體之部分氣壓之氣壓標度(以第二曲線展示)係右側橫座標。可認知首先發生氣壓下降,理想情況下朝向0Pa。此意指還原空間12被抽真空。隨後還原空間12用還原氣體沖洗且再次被抽真空。如本發明中所主張之此抽空沖凈循環最適宜於還原金屬表面之剩餘氧
化物及自還原空間12排出還原產物。因為模組群組9之整個工作空間至少被一惰性氣體充滿,或在理想情況下甚至已經循環地抽真空,當基板在工作空間內移動(尤其自一模組至下一模組)時,不發生氧化或僅發生一可忽略數量之氧化。
在抽空沖凈循環之後可進行一等溫熱處理步驟。此等溫熱處理之目的在於將晶圓載入至接合模組5之一接合空間13中之前將晶圓帶至接合溫度。以此方式接合空間13不載有不必要加熱及冷卻循環;此將不利地影響產量。針對Cu表面,如本發明中所主張,等溫線在小於200℃處、較佳在小於150℃處、更佳在小於100℃處、最佳在小於50℃處、尤佳在室溫處。
待接合之晶圓在模組群組9內遞送至接合模組5且在接合模組5處彼此接合。如本發明中所主張,接合程序在儘可能低之溫度下發生,最好低於200℃、較佳低於150℃、更佳低於100℃、最佳低於50℃、尤佳在室溫。在接合程序中,在最佳情況下,兩金屬表面(已自該等金屬表面完全移除所有氧化物)彼此結合。金屬表面較佳係Cu表面。在接合期間之擴散程序較佳在等溫條件下進行。藉由選擇一相對長的時間間隔,產生對應金屬接合。因為已完全移除先前氧化物,且在接合期間的溫度保持恆定,接合程序主要取決於所選時間間隔。針對Cu至Cu接合,接合時間小於60分鐘、較佳小於30分鐘、更佳小於10分鐘、最佳小於5分鐘、尤佳小於1分鐘。
在加熱程序/或冷卻程序期間之擴散對接合結果之作用相較於發生於等溫接合程序中之擴散可忽略。
隨後可發生任意其他程序步驟,諸如(例如)在一冷卻模組6中之冷卻,在一測試模組7(度量衡工具)及視需要另一測試模組8(度量衡工具)中之後續不同檢驗。在成功接合程序之後,自模組群組9移除具有接合基板之接合卡盤。
一進一步可想到且有用的後處理將係允許接合結構中的加熱及擴散程序、應力鬆弛或再結晶程序之模組,例如一爐。
在模組群組9內之大氣較佳係一合成氣體大氣、甚至更佳一惰性氣體大氣、最佳一真空、尤佳一超高真空(UHV)或上述大氣之一組合。一合成氣體大氣將由(例如)以下氣體混合物組成:N2+H2
Ar+H2
He+H2
Ne+H2
Kr+H2
對於惰性氣體或合成氣體大氣(介質之組成物)來說,工作空間大多係清潔無氧且尤其沒有可藉由之前的抽空沖凈清潔而尤其黏著至模組群組9之外殼內部表面之水或水蒸氣。在工作空間中之氣壓較佳小於105Pa、較佳小於103Pa、更佳小於101Pa、最佳大致上1Pa。
根據待移除之氧化物之化學及/或物理性質選擇還原空間12中之大氣。較佳存在一還原大氣,更佳發生電漿還原,最佳結合電漿及氣體還原。氧化物移除之另一可能性係濺鍍。濺鍍程序被定義為移除之一物理濺鍍程序。以下氣體或氣體混合物可用作為還原大氣...
H2
甲酸蒸氣
N2+H2
Ar+H2
He+H2
Ne+H2
Kr+H2
N2+甲酸蒸氣
Ar+甲酸蒸氣
He+甲酸蒸氣
任意其他還原氣體/氣體混合物...
在還原空間12中之抽空沖凈循環儘可能經常地重複(但僅在必須時)以便最小化程序時間。如本發明中所主張,尤其存在至少3重複,較佳至少6重複,甚至更佳至少9重複,最理想之情況係在藉由其他模組(尤其接合模組5)之程序時間所指示之時間間隔內儘可能有許多重複。
在還原模組4中使用之還原氣體較佳經選擇使得在晶圓表面上與氧化物之反應中不發生表面粗糙度之一增加。
在本發明之第二例示性實施例中,清洗模組1'及對準模組2'係模組群組9'之組件,因此其等連接至中心模組11。在清洗模組1'中進行表面預清洗或粗略清洗,或在理想情況下甚至進行氧化物之一完全或幾乎完全還原。在完全或幾乎完全氧化物還原之理想情況下,在模組4中促進一後續精細還原。因為在此版本中,對準發生於對準模組2'中且對準模組2'已係模組群組9之一部分,因此可藉由所謂的SMIF(標準機械介面)或FOUP(前開式統一卡匣或前開式通用卡匣)經由一基板模組埠3'載入晶圓盒。其等係用以傳送晶圓的標準化晶圓盒。此版本之優點係顯而易見的。整個晶圓批次可以一完全自動方式載入且提供至工作空間。對準完全自動地發生於連接至中心模組11之對準模組2'中。冷卻模組6、測試模組7,8、清洗模組1'及對準模組2'可稱為程序模組。
本發明之一般特徵
預處理(清洗)可藉由電漿、藉由濺鍍或藉由機械力或藉由還原氣體濕化學地發生。
在接合模組之後,基板較佳地被移動至一熱處理爐中且接著視
需要移動至一冷卻模組6中。
在接合模組之前及/或之後之模組之順序及類型係任選的,在任意情況下較佳地首先進行粗略清洗(清洗模組1、1'),接著進行對準(對準模組2、2'),接著進行接合(接合模組5),接著進行熱處理及冷卻(冷卻模組6)。
在特殊情況下,清洗模組1亦可係一爐。接著使用合成氣體及/或還原氣體進行清洗之預處理。
1‧‧‧清洗模組
1'‧‧‧清洗模組
2‧‧‧對準模組
2'‧‧‧對準模組
3‧‧‧氣閘
3'‧‧‧基板模組埠
4‧‧‧還原模組
5‧‧‧接合模組
6‧‧‧冷卻模組
7‧‧‧測試模組
8‧‧‧測試模組
9‧‧‧模組群組
9'‧‧‧模組群組
10‧‧‧運動設備
11‧‧‧中心模組
12‧‧‧還原空間
13‧‧‧接合空間
Ti‧‧‧初始溫度
Tf‧‧‧還原溫度
圖1展示在一第一實施例中如本發明中所主張之一裝置之一示意性態樣,圖2展示如本發明中所主張用於在一還原空間中還原之如本發明中所主張之一方法步驟之一流程圖,及圖3展示在一第二實施例中如本發明中所主張之一裝置之一示意性態樣視圖。
1‧‧‧清洗模組
2‧‧‧對準模組
3‧‧‧氣閘
4‧‧‧還原模組
5‧‧‧接合模組
6‧‧‧冷卻模組
7‧‧‧測試模組
8‧‧‧測試模組
9‧‧‧模組群組
10‧‧‧運動設備
11‧‧‧中心模組
12‧‧‧還原空間
13‧‧‧接合空間
Claims (7)
- 一種用於在一接合裝置中將一第一基板之一接合側接合至一第二基板之一接合側之方法,該接合裝置包含一模組群組,該模組群組包含一中心模組、一還原模組、一接合模組及一程序模組,該中心模組包含配置於其內之一運動設備,該接合裝置經組態以被關閉及相對於一周圍環境氣密,該方法包括:處理該等欲在該接合模組中被接合之基板,該處理在該程序模組中執行,該程序模組以一密封方式連接至該中心模組;使用該運動設備將該等基板自該程序模組移動至該還原模組;在該還原模組中還原該等基板之該等接合側,該還原模組以一密封方式連接至該中心模組;使用該運動設備將該等基板自該還原模組移動至該接合模組;在該接合模組中於該等接合側上將該第一基板接合至該第二基板,該接合模組以一密封方式連接至該中心模組,其中在該還原模組中之一還原空間及/或在該接合模組中之一接合空間經組態以一密封方式與該中心模組分離。
- 如請求項1之方法,進一步包括:將該還原空間與該中心模組分離地暴露至一溫度分佈及/或一氣壓分佈;及重複地用一還原介質沖洗該還原空間。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該還原空間與該中心模組分離地暴露至一還原大氣。
- 一種用於將一第一基板之一接合側接合至一第二基板之一接合 側之裝置,該裝置經組態以被關閉及相對於一周圍環境氣密,該裝置包括:一模組群組,其包括:至少一中心模組,其包括配置於其內之一運動設備;至少一還原模組,其包括一還原空間,該還原空間以一密封方式連接至該中心模組,該還原模組經組態以還原該等接合側;至少一接合模組,其包括一接合空間,該接合模組以一密封方式連接至該中心模組,該接合模組經組態以將該等基板接合於該等接合側上;及至少一程序模組,其以一密封方式連接至該中心模組,該程序模組經組態以關於欲在該接合模組中被接合之該等基板執行進一步程序,其中該運動設備經組態以在該等模組之間移動該裝置中之該第一基板及該第二基板,其中在該還原模組之該還原空間及/或在接合模組之該接合空間經組態以一密封方式與該中心模組分離,其中該至少一程序模組包括一對準模組,該對準模組經組態以將該等基板彼此對準,及其中該至少一程序模組進一步包括一清洗模組,該清洗模組經組態以預清洗、粗略清洗及/或自該等基板之各自表面完整地還原氧化物。
- 如請求項4之裝置,其中該還原空間與該中心模組分離地暴露至一還原大氣。
- 如請求項4或5之裝置,其中該還原空間及/或該接合空間藉由一爐與該中心模組分離地各自加熱至一還原溫度及/或接合溫度, 該還原溫度係用於該還原空間,該接合溫度係用於該接合空間。
- 如請求項4及5之裝置,其中該還原空間被暴露至一溫度分佈及/或一氣壓分佈,且被重複地以一還原介質沖洗。
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US6230719B1 (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 2001-05-15 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Apparatus for removing contaminants on electronic devices |
JP2000150836A (ja) * | 1998-11-06 | 2000-05-30 | Canon Inc | 試料の処理システム |
JP2002184847A (ja) * | 2000-12-19 | 2002-06-28 | Nec Kansai Ltd | 貼付装置 |
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JP2004006707A (ja) | 2002-04-26 | 2004-01-08 | Toray Eng Co Ltd | 実装方法および実装装置 |
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US20070269297A1 (en) * | 2003-11-10 | 2007-11-22 | Meulen Peter V D | Semiconductor wafer handling and transport |
JP4732699B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-17 | 2011-07-27 | 神港精機株式会社 | はんだ付け方法 |
JP2006181641A (ja) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-07-13 | Ebara Corp | 接合装置及び接合方法 |
JP2007105786A (ja) * | 2005-10-17 | 2007-04-26 | Tokyo Electron Ltd | 金属部材の処理方法 |
US7682979B2 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2010-03-23 | Lam Research Corporation | Phase change alloy etch |
JP2008244059A (ja) * | 2007-03-27 | 2008-10-09 | Renesas Technology Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP5196467B2 (ja) | 2007-05-30 | 2013-05-15 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法、半導体製造装置及び記憶媒体 |
JP4992604B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-15 | 2012-08-08 | 株式会社ニコン | 接合装置、接合方法 |
KR101233282B1 (ko) * | 2008-05-02 | 2013-02-14 | 야스히데 오노 | 접합 방법 및 접합 장치 |
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US8844793B2 (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2014-09-30 | Raytheon Company | Reducing formation of oxide on solder |
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AT16645U1 (de) | 2020-04-15 |
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KR101889590B1 (ko) | 2018-08-17 |
TW201401385A (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
DE112012005906A5 (de) | 2014-10-30 |
US9443820B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 |
CN104395999B (zh) | 2017-03-08 |
KR20150023224A (ko) | 2015-03-05 |
SG2014013015A (en) | 2014-08-28 |
AT517742A5 (de) | 2017-04-15 |
US20150069115A1 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
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