TWI692457B - 藉由電磁輻射及後續蝕刻製程將至少一個凹槽導入材料的方法 - Google Patents
藉由電磁輻射及後續蝕刻製程將至少一個凹槽導入材料的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種用於將至少一個穿孔(1)導入透明或透射玻璃基板(2)中的方法,其中該玻璃基板(2)係使用電磁輻射(特定而言雷射)沿著射束軸加以選擇性改質。由於藉由電磁輻射(例如藉由不同脈衝能量)沿著射束軸在玻璃基板(2)中產生具有不同特徵之改質,該玻璃基板(2)中之蝕刻製程以不同蝕刻速率非均勻地進行。此提供由於透明或透射材料中之蝕刻處理而形成的穿孔(1)藉由改質之不同特徵而以受控方式且選擇性地成形的可能性,且例如提供改變穿孔(1)之錐角(α,β)的可能性。
Description
本發明係關於一種用於將至少一個凹槽(特定而言穿孔)導入透明或透射材料(其尤其呈板之形狀)的方法,其中該材料係使用電磁輻射(特定而言雷射)沿著射束軸加以選擇性改質,且該等凹槽隨後藉由蝕刻製程產生,在經改質區域與未經改質區域中出現不同蝕刻速率。
WO 2016/041544 A1已揭示用於將至少一個凹槽(特定而言呈穿孔形式)導入呈板之形狀的工件中的此類方法。為此目的,將雷射輻射導引至工件表面上。雷射輻射之作用時間選擇的非常短,以使得僅圍繞該雷射束之射束軸同心地產生工件改質。在後續方法步驟中,由於蝕刻介質之作用,藉由在已經歷藉雷射輻射改質之工件彼等區域連續蝕刻進行各向異性材料溶蝕。藉此沿著圓柱形作用區域在工件中形成呈穿孔形式之凹槽。特定而言,在第一步驟中產生之缺陷可被連續放大,且可藉此產生凹槽或穿孔。此方法之一項基本優點為,改質區域基本上與射束軸以圓柱方式共軸延伸,且由此產生穿孔或凹槽之恆定直徑。
一種方法在DE 10 2010 025 966 B4中係已知的,其中在第一步驟中將聚焦雷射脈衝導引至玻璃工件上,該等脈衝之輻射強度強至沿著通道(channel)在玻璃中進行局部非熱破壞。
此外,一種藉由產生絲而用於加工玻璃之方法在US 2013/126573 A1中係已知的。
此外,為了在玻璃中產生結構,長期以來已知可使用蝕刻方法,例如微影術。在此情況下,對塗層進行照射且隨後局部進行開口。基板隨後經蝕刻以便產生所要結構。塗層在此情況下用作抗蝕劑。因為在其中抗蝕劑已開口之位置的蝕刻攻擊各向同性地進行,然而不可能藉此產生具有高縱橫比之結構。
本發明之目標為提供一種其中可藉由電磁輻射對材料改質之方式,其方式為使得在後續所要(特定而言選擇性不同)之蝕刻製程中,進行凹槽溶蝕,且尤其亦可由此產生具有不同孔口角度之凹槽。
此目標根據本發明藉由根據如請求項1所述之特徵的方法來達成。本發明之進一步配置可見於附屬請求項中。
根據本發明,由此提供一種方法,其中藉由電磁輻射(舉例而言藉由不同脈衝能量)在材料中沿著射束軸產生具有不同特徵之改質,以使得在該材料中之蝕刻製程非均勻地進行,且因此在經不同特徵改質之區域中的其他未改變蝕刻條件的經改質區域中的蝕刻速率彼此不同。根據本發明,藉此提供一種方式,其中由於蝕刻處理而在透明或透射材料中形成之凹槽(特定而言穿孔)可藉由改質之不同特徵而以受控方式且選擇性地加以調節。因此,舉例而言,凹槽之加寬並非由於較長時間蝕刻攻擊而產生,而是因為根據改質之不同特徵而較快進行的蝕刻溶蝕。在此情況下,根據本發明,不僅有可能在接近
表面之邊緣區域中產生錐形加寬。更確切而言,另一方面,此類加寬可藉由在材料表面之間的區域中調節改質特徵以使得此處發生較佳蝕刻溶蝕而加以抵消,以便例如產生圓柱形或甚至凸面凹槽。
在此情況下,已證實尤其有前景的是,改質之不同特徵藉由改變電磁輻射之射束形狀,特定而言藉由相位調變來達成。以此方式,特徵改變可在材料加工期間之不間斷工作步驟中進行,以使得該加工可在實質上無不要延遲的情況下進行。
此外,同樣已證實尤其有前景的是,改質之不同特徵藉由改變製程參數,特定而言聚焦位置、脈衝能量、射束形狀及/或強度來達成,以使得該改變可在製程管理支出相對低的情況下進行。
本發明的另一同樣尤其有利之配置亦在對材料之改質及蝕刻處理的循環進行若干次時達成。因此,藉由在第一蝕刻處理之後進行材料之新改質,再處理可例如以更高精確度進行。尤其與具有低蝕刻速率之蝕刻製程結合,溶蝕可由此以精確方式受控制且在達到所要設定點值時結束。
在此情況下,已證實尤其有利的是進行多個蝕刻步驟,特定而言在不同蝕刻條件下進行,以使得有可能一方面達成最優溶蝕效能,且另一方面達成可達成之精確度。
此外,已證實有利的是,尤其呈板之形狀的材料之表面至少在某些部分由抗蝕劑覆蓋,且藉此受到保護以免在後續蝕刻方法期間受蝕刻攻擊。以此方式,藉由單側蝕刻攻擊之蝕刻速率可以受控方式集中於需要增加溶蝕之自由表面上。
尤其較佳地,凹槽之孔口角度(特定而言小於5°)或直徑可視需要藉由選擇製程參數來加以調節,在此情況下,由於具有不同特徵之改質而導致孔口角度之差異可大於10°。
此外,凹槽可在使得該凹槽之直徑及/或形狀相差至多3μm的方式產生。
可採用各種材料作為對電磁輻射透明或透射之板形材料,尤其呈板之形狀的材料,較佳地包含玻璃、矽及/或藍寶石作為基本材料組分且因此具有突出物理及化學穩定性,其最適合於多種多技術用途。
本發明不限於特定應用領域。尤其較佳提供藉由該方法產生之板形材料作為印刷裝置之噴嘴板的用途。
1:穿孔
2:玻璃基板
α:錐角
β:錐角
LP1:雷射脈衝
LP2:雷射脈衝
s:射束軸
R:抗蝕劑
存在本發明之各種可能具體實例。為了進一步圖解說明其基本原理,此等具體實例中之一者在附圖中表示且將描述於下文中。分別在附圖之概述圖示中,圖1 展示具有穿孔之玻璃基板的截面側視圖;圖2 展示各種改質類型;圖3 展示在使用抗蝕劑期間之各種方法步驟。
圖1展示藉由根據本發明之方法產生的具有穿孔1之玻璃基板2作為材料的截面側視圖。本發明在生產方法中之一項基本優點係關於對玻璃基板2中穿孔1之錐角α,β的個別且可調節之改變。
如可見,使用根據本發明之方法,第一次提供具有穿孔1之玻璃基板2,與材料之相應外部面有關,其一方面具有小於2°之低錐角α,且另一方面在相對側具有約20°之大錐角β。
為此目的,舉例而言,在第一步驟中,用雷射系統之輻射對作為玻璃基板2之100μm厚玻璃進行改質。對玻璃基板2之不同強烈改質可根據引入至玻璃中之功率來加以形成。
在下文中,在圖2中表示之不同改質被稱為「I型」或「II型」。在此情況下,「I型」改質表示對玻璃之微小改變,其同樣藉由相對低之雷射功率產生。「II型」改質為玻璃結構之相應強烈改變且藉由較高雷射功率誘導。
因為系統之極高定位精確度,藉由輔助光學手段延伸之雷射焦距及玻璃基板2中之焦距位置可得到極精確界定。
原則上,在圖2中左手側表示之變化形式中的「I型」及「2型」改質可用兩個或多於兩個雷射脈衝LP1、LP2來達成,或根據右手側表示之變化形式用單個雷射脈衝來達成
自「I型」改質(低功率)向「II型」改質(高功率)之轉變可由此在考慮沿著雷射傳播方向之功率特徵的情況下僅藉由單個脈衝產生。
為了強化此作用且增加兩種改質類型之間的差異,在沿著所有玻璃的均勻之第一「I型」改質之後,可使用焦距位置改變的功率增加之第二脈衝。
在圖3中所展示之第二製程步驟中,玻璃基板之一側覆蓋有對氫氟酸具有抗性之覆蓋物(例如黏著劑膜)作為抗蝕劑R,以使得在後續蝕刻步驟a中,僅蝕刻一種類型之改質。在移除抗蝕劑R之後,在程序步驟b中進行另一蝕刻步驟b,以使得達成對兩側玻璃基板之蝕刻。變化形式I及II之差別在於抗蝕劑R之佈置,而在變化形式III中不使用抗蝕劑。
因為兩種改質類型在氫氟酸中以不同速率進行蝕刻,因此獲得如圖1中所表示的彼此不同之錐角α,β。藉由最初對一側進行預蝕刻,可產生孔直徑之單側差異。
在第二蝕刻步驟中,穿孔1可被放大。根據所表示之流程,可由 此產生任意不同幾何形狀。
製造以下濕式化學溶液作為蝕刻介質:
氫氟酸:
- 濃度:1%-20%
- 溫度:5℃-40℃
- 第二酸:H2SO4、HCl、H3PO4
氫氧化鉀:
- 濃度:10%-60%
- 溫度:85℃-160℃
不同於先前技術,有可能在玻璃基板2之兩側形成不同錐角α,β及孔直徑。由此可產生穿孔1之個別幾何形狀,特定而言,防止根據先前技術不可避免的因雷射開孔導致之微裂縫。特定而言,穿孔1之錐角α,β可在基板材料之橫截面中變化。舉例而言,此為產生用於微流體之組分提供優點。
根據本發明,可在玻璃中沿著射束軸產生具有不同特徵之多種改質,例如連續改質及泡鏈。以此方式,蝕刻攻擊在改質長度內為非均勻的,且特定而言,恆定蝕刻條件下之蝕刻速率因此不同。
在此情況下,可有利地根據本發明進行以下方面:
●在不同區域中改變蝕刻條件
●雙側或單側蝕刻(抗蝕劑)
●用作噴嘴板
■所有孔相同,精確度<3μm
●孔口角度<5°
●孔口角度差異>10°
●使用相位調變(空間光調變器,spatial light modulator,SLM)或改變製程參數(聚焦位置、強度等)達成不同改質
在下文將參照附圖藉助於製程之例示性具體實例更詳細地解釋該加工,該製程用於在穿孔產生兩個不同錐角α,β,其中在上部區域中之錐角α為約15°且在下部區域中之錐角β為約2°。
首先,用兩種具有不同脈衝能量之雷射脈衝進行雷射結構化,以使得產生穿過玻璃基板2整個厚度的改質,且另外在玻璃基板2上部中產生泡鏈。
隨後使玻璃基板2在一側與對氫氟酸具有抗性之膜層合且將其固定在固持框架中。接著在氫氟酸(1%至20%強度HF)中在介於5℃與30℃之間的溫度下對未受膜保護之側面進行蝕刻持續5至60分鐘。
在此之後,移除保護待導入之凹槽之區域的膜區域,例如在膜配置為UV玻璃膠帶的情況下將其暴露於UV光中,或在膜配置為熱剝離膠帶的情況下用熱對其進行處理。膜保持在待導入凹槽之邊緣區域中,以使得對玻璃基板2之處置得到改良。在已進行新蝕刻製程之後,將膜完全移除。
舉例而言,亦可進行用鉻塗佈以代替該膜,第一蝕刻浴係以使得該塗層僅在後續蝕刻浴中經移除之方式配置。
此外,亦可例如在前蝕刻處理之後進行另一雷射改質,且亦可在一側或在兩側進行蝕刻處理。
較佳地將厚度小於100μm之極薄玻璃基板2緊固在晶圓框架中,例如以黏著方式黏結於其上,以用於在加工期間進行更好的處置。
1‧‧‧穿孔
2‧‧‧玻璃基板
α‧‧‧錐角
β‧‧‧錐角
s‧‧‧射束軸
Claims (15)
- 一種用於將至少一個凹槽導入透明或透射材料中的方法,其中該材料係使用電磁輻射沿著射束軸加以選擇性改質,且該等凹槽隨後藉由一或多個蝕刻步驟產生,在經改質區域與未經改質區域中出現不同蝕刻速率,其特徵在於藉由該電磁輻射在該材料中沿著相同射束軸在該經改質區域中產生具有不同特徵之一些改質,以使得在該材料中之蝕刻製程在整個改質階段非均勻地進行,且在未改變之蝕刻條件下,在該經改質區域中經改質為具有不同特徵之區域中的蝕刻速率彼此不同,藉此在該材料之兩側形成不同錐角(α,β)及/或不同孔直徑。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其特徵在於該至少一個凹槽為穿孔(1)。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其特徵在於該改質之該等不同特徵係藉由改變該電磁輻射之射束形狀來達成。
- 如請求項3所述之方法,其特徵在於該改質之該等不同特徵係藉由相位調變來達成。
- 如請求項1或2所述之方法,其特徵在於該改質之該等不同特徵係藉由改變製程參數來達成。
- 如請求項5所述之方法,其特徵在於該改質之該等不同特徵係藉由改變聚焦位置、脈衝能量、射束形狀及/或強度來達成。
- 如請求項1或2所述之方法,其特徵在於對該材料之改質及蝕刻處理的循環進行若干次。
- 如請求項1或2所述之方法,其特徵在於進行複數個蝕刻步驟。
- 如請求項8所述之方法,其特徵在於在不同蝕刻條件下進行複數個蝕刻步驟。
- 如請求項1或2所述之方法,其特徵在於該材料之表面至少在某些部分由抗蝕劑覆蓋,且藉此受到保護以免在後續蝕刻方法期間受蝕刻攻擊。
- 如請求項10所述之方法,其特徵在於該材料之表面呈板之形狀。
- 如請求項1或2所述之方法,其特徵在於該凹槽的孔口角度(α,β)及/或直徑係藉由選擇製程參數來加以調節。
- 如請求項12所述之方法,其特徵在於該凹槽的孔口角度(α,β)小於5°。
- 如請求項12所述之方法,其特徵在於由於具有不同特徵之該等改質而導致的該等孔口角度(α,β)之差異大於10°。
- 一種具有由板形材料製成之噴嘴板的印刷裝置,其藉由根據如請求項1-14中任一項所述之方法來產生,其中在該板形材料之兩側有不同錐角(α,β)及不同孔直徑。
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- 2018-03-05 KR KR1020217005915A patent/KR102356415B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2018-03-05 WO PCT/EP2018/055299 patent/WO2018162385A1/de unknown
- 2018-03-05 EP EP18708686.3A patent/EP3592500B1/de active Active
- 2018-03-05 JP JP2019548462A patent/JP6898998B2/ja active Active
- 2018-03-05 KR KR1020197026163A patent/KR20190116378A/ko active Application Filing
- 2018-03-06 TW TW107107371A patent/TWI692457B/zh active
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JP6898998B2 (ja) | 2021-07-07 |
WO2018162385A1 (de) | 2018-09-13 |
KR20210024689A (ko) | 2021-03-05 |
EP3592500C0 (de) | 2023-10-11 |
US11478880B2 (en) | 2022-10-25 |
KR20190116378A (ko) | 2019-10-14 |
CN110382160B (zh) | 2022-09-27 |
KR102356415B1 (ko) | 2022-02-08 |
JP2020514070A (ja) | 2020-05-21 |
EP3592500A1 (de) | 2020-01-15 |
EP3592500B1 (de) | 2023-10-11 |
TW201833052A (zh) | 2018-09-16 |
CN110382160A (zh) | 2019-10-25 |
US20200009691A1 (en) | 2020-01-09 |
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