TWI691920B - Credit management method and system based on decentralized ledger - Google Patents

Abstract

In the proposed credit management method and system, the decentralized ledger of a purchase transaction stored in the blockchain database is jointly maintained by the computer nodes of the shipping party, the issuing bank and the billing bank that communicate with each other. When the shipping party receives the transaction, the shipping computer node adds the data block containing the digital bill of lading data to the decentralized ledger. When determining that the digital bill of lading data and the obtained digital form letter of credit and purchase transaction document data are consistent with each other, the computer node of the bill of exchange bank adds another data block containing digital bill of lading data, letter of credit and purchase transaction document data to the decentralized Style ledger. When it is determined that the data in the other data block are consistent with each other, the Kaixing Bank computer node sends a payment notification to the importer's use end, and generates the Kaixing data to the importer when the Kaixing Bank receives the payment.

Description

Credit management method and system based on decentralized ledger

The invention relates to credit management of international trade, in particular to a credit management method and system based on blockchain.

Since international trade behavior has become an important part of the legal person's business operations, in order to respond to such international trade behavior, banking institutions provide various types of trade financing products to meet the needs of legal person customers. For all kinds of trade financing products in international trade, the bill of credit has become an important procedure in the credit granting process. Since the bill of lading depends heavily on the transmission and verification of the paper documents, such a method will cause the following problems or inconvenience to the parties involved in this international trade act.

For exporters, after receiving the letter of credit issued by the importer through the opening bank, the exporter needs to prepare various types of relevant transaction documents such as bills of lading, insurance policies, certificates of origin, etc. in accordance with the requirements of the letter of credit to request the billing bank Financing (remittance). Since the letter of credit and these transaction documents are all in paper form, the exporter may need to spend considerable manpower to check all relevant transaction documents to ensure compliance with the letter of credit requirements. In addition, these transaction documents cannot completely avoid the risk of loss and/or theft during the transmission of telecommunications.

For the importer, in addition to the manpower consumption problem similar to the exporter's verification document and the danger in the telecommunications delivery document, the importer, especially for goods with a relatively short transportation voyage, from time to time, the goods have arrived However, important transaction documents such as bills of lading in Hong Kong are still in the process of being transmitted layer by layer, which will result in the importer not being able to pick up the goods in time, and even the additional storage costs, as well as delaying the entire trade process.

For shipping companies, shipping companies play the role of logistics service providers in international trade, and the bill of lading issued by them is an important document against which the importer can pick up the goods. However, according to the current paper bill of lading operation, due to the low degree of shipping carrier's grasp of the bill of lading flow, if the goods are counterfeited, it may lead to disputes and litigation between the shipping company and the importer.

For the opening/debt bank, the necessary paper transaction document verification (draft review) work requires a lot of manpower to carry out, which is not only time-consuming and can not ensure zero errors. In addition, because the paper transaction documents are easy to falsify, the bill of lading bank may be subject to improper financing advances caused by the fraudulent documents provided by the illegal persons.

In order to solve the above problems, a document management system as disclosed in US Patent Application (Publication No.) 20050240483A1 has been proposed, for example, provided by the exporter’s financial institution, and is required to manage the export business in a centralized manner. Receiving, transmitting and storing documents and data. However, this document management system can only rely on the exporter's financial institution itself for the maintenance of information security. Therefore, if the centralized database in this document management system fails or its stored data or documents are tampered with, all trade participants will suffer.

As mentioned above, there is still much room for improvement in the existing credit management methods, especially in the bill of credit.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a credit management method based on a distributed ledger, which can overcome the shortcomings of the conventional art.

Therefore, the present invention provides a credit management method based on decentralized ledger, which is used to manage credit information related to a purchase transaction between an importer and an exporter, and is implemented using a credit management system. The credit management system includes a blockchain database storing a decentralized ledger corresponding to the purchase transaction, and a shipping party computer node, an open bank computer node and a joint maintenance of the decentralized ledger For the computer node of the equipping bank, the credit management method includes the following steps: (A) When a shipping party receives a batch of goods from the exporter and corresponds to the purchase transaction, by the shipping computer node, Add a data block containing encrypted shipping data to the distributed ledger stored in the blockchain database, the shipping data includes digital bill of lading data related to a digital bill of lading of the batch of goods, And indicating that the owner of the digital bill of lading is the exporter's ownership information; (B) when the computer bank node of the escrow bank obtained a digital form of credit issued by an open bank to the importer based on the purchase transaction When the letter of credit, the purchase transaction document data related to the letter of credit, and the data indicating that the owner of the digital bill of lading is the exporter of the ownership data of the depository bank, the computerized node of the depository bank determines the decentralized ledger Whether the decrypted digital bill of lading data contained in the data block added in step (A) and the obtained letter of credit contained in the exporter data and the purchase transaction document data are consistent with each other; (C) When the computer node of the bill collection bank determines that the digital bill of lading data, the letter of credit and the purchase transaction document data match each other in step (B), another data block containing the encrypted bill collection data is newly created. Added to the distributed ledger stored in the blockchain database, the bill of lading data includes the digital bill of lading information, the letter of credit, the purchase transaction document information, and indicates that the owner of the digital bill of lading is the open bank Ownership data of (D) through the open computer node, in the decentralized ledger, the digital bill of lading data and the credit included in the data block decrypted in step (C) and decrypted are added to the distributed ledger When the pledge and the purchase transaction document data are consistent with each other, an acceptance notice indicating that the depository bank promised to pay the letter of credit is sent to the depository bank computer node through a communication network, and a payment related to the purchase transaction is sent Notify the importer of the use of an importer provided by the importer; and (E) when the issuing bank receives the importer’s payment for the purchase transaction, through the opening bank computer node, it is generated to be provided to The importer's opening statement, the opening statement contains the purchase transaction document information, and indicates that the owner of the digital bill of lading is the importer's ownership information.

Therefore, another object of the present invention is to provide a credit management system based on decentralized ledger, which can overcome the shortcomings of conventional techniques.

Therefore, the present invention provides a credit management system based on decentralized ledger, which is used to manage credit data related to a purchase transaction between an importer and an exporter, and includes a storage corresponding to the purchase transaction. The distributed ledger's blockchain database, and a shipper computer node, an open bank computer node, and a betting bank computer node that are connected to the blockchain database to jointly maintain the distributed ledger . Each of the shipping computer node, the open bank computer node, and the escort bank computer node includes a communication module connected to a communication network, and a storage module storing a copy of the distributed ledger And a processing module that electrically connects the communication module and the storage module.

When a shipping party receives a batch of goods from the exporter and corresponds to the purchase transaction, for the shipping party computer node, the processing module will update a data block containing the encrypted shipping data. Incrementally write to the distributed ledger stored in the blockchain database and the copy of the distributed ledger stored by the storage module, and the data containing the shipping data will be transmitted via the communication network The block is broadcast to the computer bank node of the open bank and the computer bank node of the depository bank. The shipping information includes digital bill of lading information related to a digital bill of lading of the batch of goods, and indicates that the owner of the digital bill of lading is the exporter’s Ownership information.

For the computer node of the bill of exchange bank, when the acquisition includes a letter of credit with a digital form issued by an open bank to the importer according to the purchase transaction, the purchase transaction document data related to the letter of credit, and indicating the When the owner of the digital bill of lading is the exporter's data of the ownership data of the depository bank, the processing module determines that the data block containing the shipping data in the copy of the distributed ledger stored in the storage module contains And whether the decrypted digital bill of lading information and the obtained letter of credit contained in the exporter's information and the purchase transaction document information are consistent with each other.

For the computer node of the bill of exchange bank, when the processing module determines that the digital bill of lading data, the letter of credit, and the purchase transaction document data are consistent with each other, it writes another data block containing the bill of lading data to Of the distributed ledger stored in the blockchain database and the distributed ledger stored in the storage module, and using the communication module and via the communication network, the The data block is broadcast to the computer node of the issuing bank and the computer node of the shipping party. The bill of lading data includes the digital bill of lading information, the letter of credit, the purchase transaction document information, and indicates that the owner of the digital bill of lading is the open Ownership information of the bank.

For the open bank computer node, the processing module determines that the digital bill of lading data contained in the data block of the debit data contained in the copy of the distributed ledger stored in the storage module and decrypted contains the digital bill of lading data 、When the letter of credit and the purchase transaction document data are consistent with each other, use the communication module to send an acceptance notice indicating that the depository bank commits to pay the letter of credit to the computer node of the depository bank via the communication network, and send A payment notice related to the purchase transaction is sent to an importer user end provided by the importer.

When the opening bank receives the purchaser’s payment for the purchase transaction, for the opening bank computer node, the processing module generates opening data to be provided to the importer, the opening data includes the purchase The transaction document information and the owner's ownership information indicating that the owner of the digital bill of lading is the importer.

The effect of the present invention is that the credit management system can indeed maintain the decentralized ledger corresponding to the purchase transaction in real time by executing the above credit management method, and only the relevant parties (the shipping party, the exporter) are required in the credit process , The billing bank, the issuing bank, and the importer) can monitor the credit progress related to the procurement transaction by monitoring the content of the distributed ledger stored in the computer node provided by it, thereby reducing the opening The billing risk of the zigzag bank and the billing bank, greatly reducing the labor cost in the credit process, and accelerating the completion of the credit process. In addition, since all the new data blocks in the distributed ledger stored in the blockchain database have been encrypted by an effective encryption method, it can effectively prevent the distributed ledger from being tampered with by intentional persons.

Referring to FIG. 1, a first embodiment of a credit management system 100 based on a distributed ledger (Distributed Ledger) of the present invention can be used to manage credit information related to a purchase transaction between an importer and an exporter, but not in Due to this limitation, in a practical implementation, the credit management system 100 can also be used to manage credit data for multiple purchase transactions between multiple importers and multiple exporters.

In the following, for the sake of clarity, only the credit management of the credit information of the procurement transaction between the importer and the exporter will be described in detail. In the first embodiment, the credit management system 100 can be regarded as a blockchain computer system, and can include a blockchain database 1 and a shipping computer related to the purchase transaction Node 2, a betting bank computer node 3 and an open bank computer node 4. It is worth noting that the credit management system 100 may also include a plurality of other computer nodes (not shown). Since these computer nodes are not related to the purchase transaction, they are omitted here.

The blockchain database 1 can be connected to a communication network 200 such as the Internet, and can store a decentralized ledger L corresponding to the purchase transaction.

In this embodiment, the shipping computer node 2, the escrow bank computer node 3, and the open bank computer node 4 can be composed of a shipping party (ie, shipping company) and a collateral bank (silver) bank, respectively. Provided by an open bank (bank), and the billing bank and the open bank belong to different banking institutions or belong to the same banking institution. Each of the shipping party computer node 2, the escort bank computer node 3, and the open bank computer node 4 can be implemented as a computer device such as a desktop computer, laptop, tablet computer, or smartphone, It may also include a storage module 21/31/41 storing a copy Lcopy of the distributed ledger L (hereinafter referred to as the account copy Lcopy), a communication module 22/32/ connected to the communication network 200 42 and a processing module 23/33/43 electrically connecting the storage module 21/31/41 and the communication module 22/32/42. In this way, the shipping computer node 2, the billing bank computer node 3, and the open bank computer node 4 can access the block database 1 to jointly maintain the decentralized ledger L.

Before describing the operation of the credit management system 100 in detail, the following pre-requisite processes related to the purchase transaction are generally described below. For example, the purchase transaction corresponds to a purchase order (Purchase Order; PO) placed by the importer for the exporter, and then the importer proposes to the opening bank to develop a letter of credit based on the purchase order. Application. After that, the opening bank sends a letter of credit in the form of a SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) message to the bank as provided by the depository bank, for example, through the opening bank computer node 4 (but not limited to this) Bourg Bank Computer Node 3 (but not limited to this). Then, the computer node 3 of the bill collection bank transmits a letter of credit notification via the communication network 200 to, for example, an exporter usage terminal 5 provided by the exporter (but not limited to this). For example, the letter of credit notice may include a digital letter of credit issued by the issuing bank to the importer based on the purchase transaction, and the letter of credit may contain information about the importer, the exporter, The content of the issuing bank, the goods of the purchase transaction, the necessary transaction documents of the purchase transaction, etc., but not limited to this. Therefore, after receiving the letter of credit from the depository bank, the exporter can deliver a batch of goods corresponding to the purchase transaction to the shipping party for subsequent shipping matters.

Hereinafter, referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, in detail, in the first embodiment, when the shipping party receives the batch of goods from the exporter and corresponds to the purchase transaction, how does the credit management system 100 Manage credit information related to the purchase transaction by executing a first credit management procedure. The first credit management program includes the following steps S21-S31.

In step S21, for the shipping computer node 1, the processing module 13 generates shipping data D1 (see FIG. 3) and can use existing encryption technologies, such as a hash algorithm, PKI public and private keys Encryption technology, UTXO (Unspent Transaction Outputs) mechanism, etc., encrypt the shipping data D1. In this embodiment, the shipping information D1 may include DBL information related to a digital bill of lading (DBL) of the batch of goods, and ownership information indicating that the owner of the DBL is the exporter (See Figure 3). For example, the DBL data D1 may include the shipper (Shipper), bill of lading number, consignee (Consignee), place of loading port (Place of Receipt), port of loading (Port of Loading), port of unloading (Port of Discharge, Place of Delivery, On Board Date, DBL Ownership, Carrier, etc., but not limited to this. The processing module 13 also newly writes a data block B1 containing the encrypted shipping data D1 to the distributed ledger L stored in the blockchain database 1 and the storage module 21 In the stored copy of the ledger Lcopy (see FIG. 4), and broadcast the data block B1 to the open bank computer node 4 and the escrow bank computer node 3 via the communication network 200 to make the open bank The computer node 4 and the e-banking computer node 3 can use the data block B1 to update the Lcopy of the account copies stored in the storage modules 41, 31, respectively. In this way, the copy of the account Lcopy possessed by the shipping computer node 2, the billing bank computer node 3 and the open bank computer node 4 can be linked to the decentralized account stored in the blockchain database 1 This L is updated synchronously.

Next, in step S22, for the shipping computer node 1, the processing module 13 uses the communication module 12 to send a notification indicating that the DBL has been issued to the exporter for use via the communication network 200 Terminal 5, so that when the exporter uses the terminal 5 to receive the notification from the shipping computer node, it can generate exporter data D2 (see FIG. 3) in response to the notification and send the notification via the communication network 200. Exporter information D2 is sent to the computer node 3 of the bank. In this embodiment, the exporter information D2 may include the letter of credit (contained in the above letter of credit notice), purchase transaction document data related to the letter of credit, and indicating that the owner of the DBL is the depository bank Ownership information (see Figure 3). For example, the purchase transaction document data may include digital receipt certificates (Invoice), packing list (Packing List), bill of lading (BL), certificate of origin (Certificate of Origin), etc., but not limited to this.

When the exporter uses the terminal 5 to transmit the exporter data D2 to the escrow bank computer node 3, the escrow bank computer node 3 receives the exporter data D2 from the exporter use terminal 5 (step S23).

Afterwards, in step S24, for the bank computer node 3, the processing module 33 determines the distributed ledger L (or the storage module 31) stored in the blockchain database 1 The copy of the ledger in the data block B1 contained in the data block B1 and the decrypted DBL data D1 and the letter of credit and the purchase transaction document contained in the exporter data D2 received from the exporter's user terminal 5 Whether the information matches each other determines whether the "review order" is successful. More specifically, if the processing module 33 determines that the DBL data, the letter of credit, and the purchase transaction document data are consistent with each other, it means that the examination order is passed (ie, the examination order is successful), the process proceeds to step S25, otherwise The processing module 33 can use the communication module 32 to send a first order failure notification to the exporter user terminal 5 (step S26), so that the exporter user terminal 5 can further provide in response to the order failure notification ( Correct) Exporter information, but not limited to this.

In step S25, for the escrow bank computer node 3, the processing module 33 generates the DBL data, the letter of credit, the purchase transaction document data, and indicates that the owner of the DBL is the open bank The bill data D3 of the ownership data of the ownership, and after encrypting the bill data D3 using the existing encryption technology, a data block B2 containing the encrypted bill data D3 can be connected to the data block B1 for example. Way, newly added to the distributed ledger L stored in the blockchain database 1 and the copy of the ledger Lcopy stored in the storage module 31 (see FIG. 4), and through the communication network 200 Broadcast the data block B2 to the open computer node 4 and the shipping computer node 2 so that the open computer node 4 and the shipping computer node 2 can update the data block B2 respectively The copy of these books stored in the storage modules 41, 21 is Lcopy. In this way, the copy of the account Lcopy possessed by the shipping computer node 2, the billing bank computer node 3 and the open bank computer node 4 can be linked to the decentralized account stored in the blockchain database 1 This L is updated synchronously.

In step S27 following step S25, for the open computer node 4, the processing module 43 determines the distributed ledger L (or the storage module) stored in the blockchain database 1 41. Whether the decrypted DBL data, the letter of credit, and the purchase transaction document information contained in the data block B2 stored in the account copy Lcopy) determine whether the "review order" is successful. More specifically, if the processing module 43 determines that the DBL data, the letter of credit, and the purchase transaction document data are consistent with each other, it means that the examination order is passed (ie, the examination order is successful), the process proceeds to step S28, otherwise , The processing module 43 can use the communication module 42 to send a notice of failure of the first trial order to the escrow bank computer node 3, so that the escrow bank computer node 3 can further notify the exporter in response to the notification of the failure of the order review The user terminal 5 needs to provide (correct) exporter information (step S29), but this limit is no longer required

In step S28, for the open bank computer node 4, the processing module 43 uses the communication module 42 to send an acceptance notice indicating that the bank is committed to paying the letter of credit to the bank via the communication network 200 to The escrow bank computer node 3 transmits a payment notification related to the purchase transaction to an importer use terminal 6 provided by the importer (see Figure 1).

Therefore, the billing bank can advance the billing remittance to the exporter based on the acceptance notice received from the bank computer node 4 of the bank. In addition, the importer may also pay the purchase bank the payment for the purchase transaction based on the payment notification received from the opening bank computer node 4 by the importer user terminal 6 (so-called redemption bill).

Afterwards, when the opening bank does receive the payment from the importer, for the opening bank computer node 4, the processing module 43 generates documents containing the purchase transaction and instructs the DBL The owner of is the opening data D4 (see FIG. 3) of the importer's ownership data (step S30), and uses the communication module 42 to transmit the opening data D4 to the importer user terminal 6 via the communication network 200 ( Step S31). At this point, the first credit management process is completed, so the distributed ledger L stored in the blockchain database 1 and the copy of the ledger stored by each of the storage modules 21, 31, 41 Lcopy is updated as shown in Figure 4.

Finally, the importer may proceed with the follow-up pick-up procedure to an agency designated by the shipping party based on the opening data D4 received by the importer using the terminal 6. On the other hand, after the agency released the batch of goods to the importer, the issuing bank paid the money to the billing bank, and the purchase transaction was completed.

FIG. 5 illustrates a second embodiment of the credit management system 100′ based on the distributed ledger of the present invention, which is a variation of the first embodiment (FIG. 1). The second embodiment is substantially similar to the first embodiment, but different from the first embodiment in that the credit management system 100' further includes the exporter user terminal 5 and the importer user terminal in FIG. 6. It is worth noting that in the second embodiment, the exporter uses terminal 5 as an exporter computer node, and the importer uses terminal 6 as an importer computer node.

The exporter computer node 5 connects to the blockchain database 1 via the communication network 200 to maintain the distributed ledger L stored in the blockchain database 1, and may include a copy of the ledger Lcopy' Storage module 51, a communication module 52 connected to the communication network 200, and a processing module 53 electrically connecting the communication module 52 and the storage module 51. Similarly, the exporter computer node 5 connects to the blockchain database 1 via the communication network 200 to maintain the distributed ledger L'stored in the blockchain database 1, and may include a The storage module 61 of this copy Lcopy', a communication module 62 connected to the communication network 200, and a processing module 63 electrically connecting the communication module 62 and the storage module 61.

Hereinafter, referring to FIGS. 5 to 7, the credit management system 100 ′ will be described in detail in the second embodiment when the shipping party receives the batch of goods from the exporter corresponding to the purchase transaction How to manage credit information related to the purchase transaction by executing a second credit management procedure. The second credit management program includes the following steps S61-S71.

In step S61, the shipping computer node 2 is similar to step S21 of FIG. 2 to newly write the data block B1 (see FIG. 3) to the distributed data stored in the blockchain database 1. The type of account L'and the copy of the account Lcopy' stored in it (see FIG. 7), and broadcast the data block B1 not only to the open bank computer node 4 and the remittance bank via the communication network 200 Computer node 3, also broadcast to the exporter computer node 5 and the importer computer node 6, so that the open bank computer node 4, the escrow bank computer node 3, the exporter computer node 5 and the importer computer The node 6 can use the data block B1 to update the stored copies of the books Lcopy'. In this way, the copy of the books Lcopy' of the shipping computer node 2, the billing bank computer node 3, the opening bank computer node 4, the exporter computer node 5 and the importer computer node 6 Synchronously updated with the distributed ledger L'stored in the blockchain database 1.

After the exporter computer node 5 updates the copy of the account book Lcopy' stored in the storage module 51 with the shipping data D1 (that is, after obtaining the shipping data D1), in step S62, for the export In terms of the merchant computer node 5, the processing module 53 generates the exporter data D2 (see FIG. 3), and encrypts the exporter data D2 using existing encryption technology, and a file containing the encrypted exporter data D2 The data block B3 is newly written to the distributed ledger L′ stored in the blockchain database 1 and the data stored in the storage module 51, for example, in a manner of continuing in the data block B1 Lcopy' (see Figure 7), and use the communication module 52 to broadcast the data block B3 via the communication network 200 to the shipping computer node 2, the escrow bank computer node 3, the opening status Bank computer node 4 and the importer computer node 6 so that the shipping party computer node 2, the billing bank computer node 3, the open bank computer node 4 and the importer computer node 6 can come from the data block B3 Separately update the stored copies of these books Lcopy'. In this way, the copy of the books Lcopy' of the shipping computer node 2, the billing bank computer node 3, the opening bank computer node 4, the exporter computer node 5 and the importer computer node 6 Synchronously updated with the distributed ledger L'stored in the blockchain database 1.

Then, when the escrow bank computer node 3 updates the copy of the account book Lcopy' stored in the storage module 51 with the exporter data D2 (that is, after obtaining the exporter data D2), in step S63, For the computer bank 3 of the bill collection bank, similar to step S24 (FIG. 2) of the first embodiment, the processing module 33 determines the distributed ledger L stored in the blockchain database 1 by determining The decrypted DBL data D1 contained in the data block B1 and the exporter data contained in the data block B3 in'(or the copy of the account Lcopy' stored in the storage module 31) Whether the letter of credit and the purchase transaction documents contained in D2 are consistent with each other determines whether the "review order" is successful. More specifically, if the processing module 33 determines that the DBL data, the letter of credit, and the purchase transaction document data are consistent with each other, it means that the review order is passed (ie, the review order is successful), the process proceeds to step S64, otherwise The processing module 33 can use the communication module 32 to send a first order failure notification to the exporter's use terminal 5 (step S65), so that the exporter computer node 5 can further provide in response to the order failure notification ( Correct) Exporter information, but not limited to this.

In step S64, for the escrow bank computer node 3, similar to step S25 (FIG. 2) of the first embodiment, the processing module 33 generates the escrow data D3, and the existing encryption technology can be used to The data block B2 generated by encrypting the bill data D3 is newly added to the distributed ledger L′ stored in the blockchain database 1 by, for example, being connected to the data block B3. And the copy of the account Lcopy' stored in the storage module 31 (see FIG. 7), and broadcast the data block B2 to the open computer node 4 and the shipping computer node 2 via the communication network 200 , The exporter's brain node 5 and the importer's computer node 6 to enable the open-end computer node 4, the shipper's computer node 2, the exporter's brain node 5 and the importer's computer node 6 to access the data Block B2 is used to update the stored Lcopy' of the account copies. In this way, the shipping computer node 2, the billing bank computer node 3, the opening bank computer node 4, the exporter point brain node 5 and the importer computer node 6 have the copies of the books Lcopy' It can be updated simultaneously with the distributed ledger L'stored in the blockchain database 1.

Following step S64 following step S64, for the open computer node 4, similar to step S27 (FIG. 2) of the first embodiment, the processing module 43 determines the blockchain database 1 by determining Whether the decrypted DBL data, the letter of credit and the purchase transaction document data contained in the data block B2 in the stored distributed ledger L'(or the stored copy of the ledger Lcopy') are relative to each other Match to determine whether the "review order" is successful. More specifically, if the processing module 43 determines that the DBL data, the letter of credit, and the purchase transaction document data are consistent with each other, it means that the examination order is passed (ie, the examination order is successful), the flow proceeds to step S67, otherwise , The processing module 43 can use the communication module 42 to send the first trial order failure notification to the escrow bank computer node 3 (step S68), so that the escrow bank computer node 3 can respond to the review order failure notification and further Notify the exporter that the computer node 5 needs to provide (correct) exporter information, but not limited to this.

In step S67, for the open computer node 4, similar to step S28 (FIG. 2) of the first embodiment, the processing module 43 uses the communication module 42 to transmit a The acceptance notice indicating the acceptance of the bank’s commitment to pay the letter of credit is sent to the computer node 3 of the bank, and the payment notice is sent to the computer node 6 of the importer.

Therefore, similarly to the first embodiment, the escrow bank may advance the escrow money to the exporter according to the acceptance notice received from the bank computer node 4 of the bank. In addition, the importer may also pay the purchase bank for the purchase transaction based on the payment notification received from the importer computer node 6 from the issuing bank computer node 4 (so-called redemption bill).

After that, when the opening bank does receive the payment from the importer, in step S69, for the opening bank computer node 4, the processing module 43 generates the opening data D4 (see FIG. 3), and the above-mentioned existing encryption technology can be used to encrypt the opening data D4, and a data block B4 containing the encrypted opening data D4 can be added, for example, by connecting the data block B3 Write to the distributed ledger L'stored in the blockchain database 1 and the stored copy Lcopy' of the ledger (see FIG. 7), and broadcast the data block B4 via the communication network 200 To the shipping computer node 2, the escrow bank computer node 3, the exporter point brain node 5 and the importer computer node 6 to make the shipping party computer node 2, the open bank computer node 4, the The exporter's brain node 5 and the importer's computer node 6 can use the data block B4 to update the stored copies of the books Lcopy'. In this way, the shipping computer node 2, the billing bank computer node 3, the opening bank computer node 4, the exporter point brain node 5 and the importer computer node 6 have the copies of the books Lcopy' It can be updated simultaneously with the distributed ledger L'stored in the blockchain database 1.

After the importer computer node 6 updates the copy of the account book Lcopy' stored in the storage module 61 with the opening data D4 (that is, after obtaining the opening data D4), in step S70, for the import For the commerce computer node 6, the processing module 63 can store the distributed ledger L'stored in the blockchain database 1 (or the copy of the ledger Lcopy' stored in the storage module 61) The open data D4 contained in the data block B4 is decrypted (step S70). At this point, the second credit management procedure is completed, so the distributed ledger L'stored in the blockchain database 1, and the shipping computer node 2, the billing bank computer node 3, and the opening status The bank copy node 4, the exporter dot brain node 5, and the importer computer node 6 each of the account copy Lcopy' stored is updated as shown in FIG. 7.

Finally, the importer can proceed with the follow-up pick-up procedure to an agency designated by the shipping party based on the opening data D4 decrypted by the importer's computer node 6. On the other hand, after the agency released the batch of goods to the importer, the issuing bank paid the money to the billing bank, and the purchase transaction was completed.

In summary, the credit management system 100, 100' based on the distributed ledger of the present invention can indeed maintain the decentralized ledger L corresponding to the purchase transaction in real time by executing the first credit management procedure and the second credit management procedure , L', and only the relevant parties (the shipping party, the exporter, the billing bank, the issuing bank and the importer) are required to monitor the storage in the computer nodes 2~6 provided by them during the credit granting process The copy of the ledger Lcopy, Lcopy' can grasp the credit progress related to the purchase transaction. Therefore, for the issuing bank and the billing bank, it can reduce the risk of fraud and billing, greatly reduce the labor cost in the credit process, and save the postage costs required by the conventional skills in sending paper documents, and Accelerate the completion of the credit procedures; for the importer, not only can the goods be obtained relatively quickly but also the risk of being taken as a result of the loss of the paper bill of lading can be completely avoided; for the exporter, the payment can be obtained relatively quickly; and Since the shipping party can fully control the credit progress, it can completely avoid the occurrence of impersonation and even lawsuits caused by impersonation. In addition, since all the new data blocks in the distributed ledger L, L'stored in the blockchain database 1 have been encrypted by an effective encryption method, it is indeed possible to effectively prevent the distributed ledger L, L'was tampered with by intentional people. Therefore, the purpose of cost invention can indeed be achieved.

However, the above are only examples of the present invention, and the scope of implementation of the present invention cannot be limited by this, any simple equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention and the content of the patent specification are still classified as Within the scope of the invention patent.

Other features and functions of the present invention will be clearly presented in the embodiments with reference to the drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the first embodiment of the credit management system based on the distributed ledger of the present invention FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating how the first embodiment executes a first credit management procedure for credit data of a purchase transaction; FIG. 3 exemplarily shows shipping data, exporter data, and bill data 4. The content of the opening document; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a decentralized ledger or ledger corresponding to the purchase transaction obtained after the first credit management program is executed in the first embodiment Copy; FIG. 5 is a block diagram exemplifying the second embodiment of the credit management system of the present invention based on decentralized ledger; FIG. 6 is a flow chart exemplifying how the second embodiment deals with the purchase transaction The credit information executes a second credit management procedure; and FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a decentralized account corresponding to the purchase transaction obtained by the second embodiment after executing the second credit management procedure Copy of this book or account book.

Claims (10)

A credit management method based on decentralized ledger, used to manage credit data related to a purchase transaction between an importer and an exporter, and implemented by a credit management system, the credit management system includes a storage The blockchain database corresponding to the decentralized ledger of the purchase transaction, and a shipping computer node, an open bank computer node, and a betting bank computer node that jointly maintain the decentralized ledger, the credit The management method includes the following steps: (A) When a shipping party receives a batch of goods from the exporter and corresponds to the purchase transaction, the shipping party’s computer node will be used to ship an encrypted shipping The data block of the data is added to the distributed ledger stored in the blockchain database. The shipping data includes digital bill of lading data related to a digital bill of lading of the batch of goods, and indicates the ownership of the digital bill of lading. The ownership information of the exporter is artificial; (B) When the computer node of the depository bank obtains a digital form of letter of credit issued by an opening bank to the importer based on the purchase transaction, the relevant letter of credit When purchasing transaction document data and indicating that the owner of the digital bill of lading is the exporter of the ownership data of the depository bank, the depository bank computer node determines that the decentralized ledger is added in step (A) Whether the decrypted digital bill of lading data contained in the data block and the obtained credit and the purchase transaction document data contained in the exporter's data are consistent with each other; (C) by the escrow bank computer node , When it is determined in step (B) that the digital bill of lading data, the letter of credit and the purchase transaction document data are consistent with each other, add another data block containing the encrypted bill of exchange data to the blockchain database The stored distributed ledger, the bill of exchange data includes the digital bill of lading information, the letter of credit, the purchase transaction document information, and the ownership information indicating that the owner of the digital bill of lading is the issuing bank; (D) The computer node of the open bank determines that the decrypted digital bill of lading data, the letter of credit and the purchase transaction document data included in the data block in step (C) are added to the distributed ledger. When they match, send an acceptance notice indicating that the depository bank promised to pay the letter of credit to the depository bank computer node through a communication network, and send a payment notification related to the purchase transaction to the importer provided by the importer. An importer's terminal; and (E) when the issuing bank receives the importer's payment for the purchase transaction, the opening bank computer node generates the opening data to be provided to the importer, The bill of lading information includes the purchase transaction document information and the ownership information indicating that the owner of the digital bill of lading is the importer. According to the credit management method described in claim 1, the following steps are also included between step (A) and step (B): (F) The shipper computer node sends an indication via the communication network Issue the notice of the digital bill of lading to an exporter user end provided by the exporter, so that the exporter user end generates the exporter in response to the notice when receiving the notice from the shipping computer node Data and send the exporter data to the computer node of the depository bank via the communication network. According to the credit management method described in claim 1, the credit management system further includes the exporter user end and uses the exporter user end as an exporter computer node that can maintain the decentralized ledger. In step (A) and The following steps are also included between steps (B): (G) through the exporter computer node, another data block containing the encrypted exporter data is added to the stored in the blockchain database Decentralized ledger; wherein, in step (B), the computer bank node of the depository bank decrypts the exporter data contained in the data block added to the data block of step (G) in the distributed ledger Obtain the decrypted exporter information. The credit management method as described in any one of the request items 1 to 3, after step (E), the following steps are further included: (H) The open form computer node transmits the open form data through the communication network to The importer uses the terminal, so that the importer can proceed with the follow-up pickup procedure based on the opening data received by the importer. As in the credit management method described in any one of claims 1 to 3, the credit management system further includes the importer user end and uses the importer user end as an importer computer node that can maintain the decentralized ledger, After step (E), the following steps are also included: (I) Through the open computer node, another data block containing the encrypted open data is added to the stored in the blockchain database The distributed ledger; and (J) through the importer computer node, decrypt the open data contained in the data block added to the distributed block in step (I) to obtain the decrypted Open information. A credit management system based on decentralized ledger, used to manage credit data related to a purchase transaction between an importer and an exporter, and includes: a blockchain database, connected to a communication network and stored with Corresponding to the decentralized ledger of the purchase transaction; and a shipping party computer node, an open bank computer node and a betting bank computer node, all connected to the blockchain database to jointly maintain the decentralized ledger, And each of them includes a communication module connected to the communication network, a storage module storing a duplicate of the distributed ledger, and a processing module electrically connecting the communication module and the storage module; Among them, when a shipping party receives a batch of goods from the exporter corresponding to the purchase transaction, for the shipping party computer node, the processing module will store a data area containing encrypted shipping data The block is newly added to the distributed ledger stored in the blockchain database and the copy of the distributed ledger stored in the storage module, and the shipping data will be included via the communication network. The data block is broadcast to the open bank computer node and the escort bank computer node. The shipping data includes digital bill of lading data related to a digital bill of lading of the batch of goods, and indicates that the owner of the digital bill of lading is the export Ownership information of the merchant; where, for the computer node of the collateral bank, when obtaining a purchase transaction involving a digital form of credit issued by an opening bank to the importer based on the purchase transaction, the purchase transaction related to the credit When the document data and the data indicating that the owner of the digital bill of lading is the exporter of the ownership data of the depository bank, the processing module determines that the copy of the distributed ledger stored in the storage module contains the shipping information Whether the decrypted digital bill of lading data contained in the data block and the obtained letter of credit contained in the exporter's data and the purchase transaction document data are consistent with each other; wherein, for the computer bank of the depository bank, the When the processing module determines that the digital bill of lading data, the letter of credit, and the purchase transaction document data are consistent with each other, it writes another data block containing the bill of lading data to the stored in the blockchain database. In the distributed ledger and the copy of the distributed ledger stored by the storage module, and using the communication module and broadcasting the data block containing the bill data to the open bank through the communication network The computer node and the shipping computer node, the bill of lading data includes the digital bill of lading information, the letter of credit, the purchase transaction document information, and the ownership information indicating that the owner of the digital bill of lading is the issuing bank; The open-line computer node, the processing module determines that the digital bill of lading data contained in the data block of the debit data contained in the copy of the distributed ledger stored in the storage module and decrypted, When the letter of credit and the purchase transaction document data are consistent with each other, use the communication module to send an acceptance notice indicating that the depository bank promises to pay the letter of credit to the depository bank computer node through the communication network, and send a Notification of payment related to the purchase transaction to an importer user end provided by the importer; and In the case, when the issuing bank receives the purchaser’s payment for the purchase transaction, for the opening bank computer node, the processing module generates the opening data to be provided to the importer, the opening data includes The information of the purchase transaction documents and the ownership information indicating that the owner of the digital bill of lading is the importer. The credit management system according to claim 6, wherein: for the shipping computer node, the processing module uses the communication module to send a notification indicating that the digital bill of lading has been issued to the exporter via the communication network An exporter user terminal provided so that when the exporter user terminal receives the notification from the shipping computer node, the exporter information is generated in response to the notification and the exporter is transmitted through the communication network The data is sent to the computer node of the bank. The credit management system as described in claim 6 further includes the exporter user terminal, which is used as an exporter computer node to connect to the blockchain database to maintain the stored in the blockchain database A distributed ledger, and includes a communication module connected to the communication network, a storage module storing a duplicate of the distributed ledger, and a processing module electrically connecting the communication module and the storage module Where, for the exporter computer node, the processing module newly writes another data block containing the encrypted exporter data to the distributed ledger stored in the blockchain database And in the copy of the distributed ledger stored by the storage module, and among them, the processing module is in the copy of the distributed ledger stored by the storage module for the billing bank computer node The decrypted exporter information is obtained after the contained exporter information is decrypted. The credit management system as described in any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein: for the open computer node, the processing module uses the communication module to transmit the open data to the importer through the communication network The importer, so that the importer can proceed with the follow-up pick-up procedure based on the opening data received by the importer using the client. The credit management system as described in any one of claims 6 to 8 also includes the importer user terminal, which is used as an importer computer node to connect to the blockchain database to maintain the blockchain The distributed ledger stored in the database and includes a communication module connected to the communication network, a storage module storing a duplicate of the distributed ledger, and an electrical connection between the communication module and the storage A processing module of the module, wherein, for the open computer node, another data block of the processing module containing the encrypted open data is newly written to a stored in the blockchain database In the distributed ledger and the copy of the distributed ledger stored by the storage module, and among them, for the importer computer node, the processing module stores the distributed ledger stored in the storage module The opening data contained in the copy is decrypted to obtain the decrypted opening data.

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