TWI670074B - 在癌症免疫療法中有用的生物標記 - Google Patents
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- TWI670074B TWI670074B TW103119761A TW103119761A TWI670074B TW I670074 B TWI670074 B TW I670074B TW 103119761 A TW103119761 A TW 103119761A TW 103119761 A TW103119761 A TW 103119761A TW I670074 B TWI670074 B TW I670074B
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Abstract
本發明所揭示的方法是基於發現當使用GV1001胜肽(EARPALLTSRLRFIPK;源自人類端粒酶蛋白)進行免疫接種或當視情況需要而合併使用現行的吉西他賓與卡培他賓之合併用藥治療時,嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白、MIP1α及CRP在血清及血漿中的含量可作為用來判斷誘發免疫反應以治療癌症之可行性的重要生物標記。特別是,本發明提供用來判斷患者是否應施以GV1001治療及判斷是否繼續進行誘發治療的方法。
Description
本發明有關癌症免疫療法及抗發炎藥物的技術領域。特別是,本發明是關於利用嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白(eotaxin)及C-反應蛋白之診斷/預測價值的治療用方法及套組。
16肽(16-mer peptide)EARPALLTSRLRFIPK(序列編號:1,亦稱為「GV1001」)是人類端粒酶的其中一段斷片(WO 00/02581)。GV1001能與多種第II型人類白血球抗原(HLA)分子結合並包含推定的第I型HLA表位。該胜肽因此被認為能夠引發複合型CD4/CD8 T-細胞反應,而複合型CD4/CD8 T-細胞反應在引發腫瘤撲殺作用及長期記憶方面上很重要。晚期胰臟癌及肺癌患者的臨床研究顯示在超過50%的受試者身上引發GV1001專一性T-細胞反應且在臨床上沒有顯著毒性(請見2009,Kyte JA發表,Expert Opin Investig Drugs期刊18卷5期:687-94頁)。
延壽基金會(Life Extension foundation)在2013年6月6日刊載一篇有關慢性發炎的線上公開文獻(www.lef.org),該篇文獻集中討論有關慢性低度發炎的長期健
康影響,並回顧各種發炎標記及介導物質,例如,腫瘤壞死因子(TNFα)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)、介白素、C-反應蛋白(CRP)、類花生酸、及環氧合酶(COX)及各種其他引發因子。
Guo等人(J Immunol,2001年166卷:5208-5218頁)發現當受到急性炎性損傷的小鼠模型產生發炎反應時,嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白的mRNA與蛋白質的表現提高(upregulated),並探討嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白在嗜中性白血球招集作用中所扮演的角色為何。
嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白-1、嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白-2及嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白-3(亦稱為CCL11、CCL24及CCL26)是已知能招集嗜酸性白血球(eosinophil)及其他白血球的趨化素,並藉著與細胞表面的趨化素受體(例如,CCR3)結合而引起該等趨化素作用。
本發明實施例的目的是提供預測GV1001衍生藥物之醫療功效及預測罹癌患者(尤其是胰臟癌患者)之患者存活期的方法。
TeloVac,一項針對晚期及轉移型胰臟癌進行多機構合作的GV1001疫苗第三期臨床試驗,該項臨床試驗目前由凱爾傑姆維克斯公司(Kael-GemVax)之子公司傑姆維克斯有限公司(GemVax AS)資助並由英國癌症研究中心利物浦臨床試驗研究單位所主導進行。
該項試驗在全英國52個機構募集1062個患者接受試驗。儘管接受注射疫苗之試驗組與接受化療之控制組之間
的總體存活期無明顯差異,然而該項試驗還包括了宏遠的轉譯研究計劃。初步研究結果顯示該疫苗產生顯著的抗發炎反應,此結果與母公司凱爾傑姆維克斯公司正在主導的新研究高度吻合。此外,在患者子群組中鑑別出三種可能作為提高存活期指標的生物標記:嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白(eotaxin)、巨噬細胞發炎蛋白1α(MIP1α)及C-反應蛋白(CRP)。
因此,就其最廣方面而言,本發明是關於使用嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白及/或MIP1α及/或CRP作為可用於以GV1001衍生物質進行治療處理的預後工具。
第1圖圖示第2組基期(baseline)、第3組基期、第2組7週及第3組10週之患者血清中的IL-4、IL-5、IL-7、IL-17、PDGF及VEGF含量(p值,未修正之克-瓦二氏檢定法)。
第2圖:圖示第2組及第3組之IFNγ、IL-10、IL-7、PDGF、RANTES、TNFα及VEGF的含量變化。圖中亦示出正(+ve)變化與負(-ve)變化之數目及p值。
第3圖:第2組患者和第3組患者在基期及在後續治療時的CRP含量。
第4圖:第2組患者(左圖)和第3組患者(右圖)在基期及後續治療時的CRP成對分析。圖中亦示出正(+ve)變化與負(-ve)變化之數目及p值。
第5圖:針對基期之IL-8含量、治療後之IL-8含量及從基期到治療後之IL-8絕對變化值以中位數為準分成兩部分所繪示的存活期曲線圖。
第6圖:針對基期之嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量、治療後之嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量及從基期到治療後之嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白絕對變化值以中位數為準分成兩部分所繪示的存活期曲線圖。
第7圖:針對基期之MIP1α含量、治療後之MIP1α含量及從基期到治療後之MIP1α絕對變化值以中位數為準分成兩部分所繪示的存活期曲線圖。
第8圖:針對基期之MIP1β含量、治療後之MIP1β含量及從基期到治療後之MIP1β絕對變化值以中位數為準分成兩部分所繪示的存活期曲線圖。
第9圖:針對基期之VEGF含量、治療後之VEGF含量及從基期到治療後之VEGF絕對變化值以中位數為準分成兩部分所繪示的存活期曲線圖。
第10圖:針對基期之CRP含量、治療後之CRP含量及從基期到治療後之CRP絕對變化值以中位數為準分成兩部分所繪示的存活期曲線圖。
第11圖:針對第3組在治療後的CRP含量以中位數為準分成兩部分所繪示的存活期曲線圖。
第11圖為第3組CRP的存活期曲線
第12圖:(A)嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白的存活期曲線(高:中位存活期為493天,n=16;低:中位存活期為239天,n=25)。(B):CRP的存活期曲線(高:中位存活期為222天,n=20;低:中位存活期為486天,n=21)。
第13圖圖示第2組之基期血清細胞介素數據及治療
後血清細胞介素數據之對數(log)平均數的測線圖。
第14圖圖示第3組之基期血清細胞介素數據及治療後血清細胞介素數據的對數平均數。
第15圖圖示各組血清中之細胞介素平均差(治療後-基期)的測線圖。值得注意的是,結果顯示在第2組中有19種細胞介素在基期與在治療後之間表現出具有統計意義的下降情形(該19種細胞介素為PDGF、IL1β、IL-1ra、IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-7、IL-10、IL-12、IL-13、IL-17、G-CSF、IFNγ、嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白、FGFb、MIP1β、RANTES、TNFα、VEGF;而非CRP、IL-6、IL-8、IL-9、IL-15、GM-CSF、IP10、MCP1、MIP1α),且在第3組中沒有一個細胞介素表現出具有統計意義的下降情形
第16圖示出針對各組之血清中的各種細胞介素使用魏克遜符號排序檢定法(Wilcoxon signed-rank test)所獲得的p值,該方法是用以檢定由基期到治療後之數值升高/下降情形。如圖中所見,有顯著差異者(p<0.05)以灰色粗體字型表示。第2組中之該等細胞介素的降幅大於第3組,並指出在第2組中有19種細胞介素明顯降低,但第3組中則無。
第17圖是針對該項研究中各組的各種細胞介素,示出治療後血清中之細胞介素含量減去基期血清中之細胞介素含量所得的差值中位數。含量下降者以淺灰色表示,及含量升高/不變者則以深灰色表示。
第18圖圖示針對該項研究中各組之血清中的每種細胞介素基期數據所建立的考氏比例風險模型(Cox
proportional hazards model)。該表給出該基期數據的單變量分析結果並示出具有95%信賴區間的風險比率及p值。就第2組而言,CRP、IL-1ra、IL-2、IL-10、嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白及IFNγ具有顯著意義(p<0.1),就第3組而言則是CRP、IL-1ra及嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白具有顯著意義。
第19a圖及第19b圖示出第2組及第3組處於基期時的CRP含量。就第2組而言,低CRP含量得到337天的中位存活期,及對於第3組而言,低CRP含量得到373天的中位存活期。基期CRP含量預測出第3組中的中位(95% CI)總體存活期(高CRP=250[132~451]天;低CRP=372.5[229~517]天;p=0.0500),但未能預測第2組的中位總體存活期(高CRP=195[140~262]天;低CRP=337[167~366]天;p=0.2534)。
第20a圖及第20b圖示第2組及第3組處於基期時的嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量。就第2組而言,高的血清嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量得到300天的中位存活期,及對於第3組而言,高的血清嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量得到451天的中位存活期。基期嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量預測出第3組中的中位(95% CI)總體存活期(高嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白=451[308~623]天;低嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白=238.5[178~344]天;p=0.0135),但未能預測第2組的中位總體存活期(高嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白=299.5[167~358]天;低嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白=188[102~320]天;p=0.1138)。
第21a圖及第21b圖示針對血清CRP合併血清嗜酸
粒細胞趨化蛋白的基期數據使用二元變數進行比例風險模型分析。當合併基期時的變數時,利用低CRP含量加上高嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量的組合預測出第2組中的最長總體存活期(中位存活期=337天),及同樣地預測出第3組中的最長總體存活期(中位存活期=450天)。
第22a圖及第22b圖示第2組及第3組在治療後之血清中的CRP含量。對於第2組,低CRP含量得到337天的中位存活期,及對於第3組,低CRP含量得到450天的中位存活期。
第23a圖及第23b圖示第2組及第3組在治療後之血清中的嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量。對於第2組,高嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量得到251天的中位存活期,及對於第3組,高嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量得到364天的中位存活期。
第24a圖及第24b圖示針對血清CRP合併血清嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白的治療後數據使用二元變數進行比例風險模型分析。當合併變數時,利用低CRP含量加上高嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量的組合預測出第2組中的最長存活期(中位存活期=355天),及可同樣地預測出第3組的最長存活期(中位存活期=535天)。當合併治療後的變數時,藉由低CRP含量加上高嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量的組合預測出第2組中的最長存活期(中位存活期=355天),並同樣地預測出第3組中的最長存活期(中位存活期=535天)。
第25圖圖示該等實施例所採用的疫苗接種計劃。
定義
「GV1001」表示源自端粒酶的胜肽,該胜肽具有序列編號:1的序列:EARPALLTSRLRFIPK。
「嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白(eotaxin)」表示具有序列編號:2~4中之任一胺基酸序列的蛋白質(或該蛋白質的等位基因異構體或變異體或自然產生之異構體或變異體),該等蛋白質可各別由序列編號:5~7之核酸序列中的任一核酸序列所編碼。
「CRP」是具有序列編號:8之胺基酸序列的蛋白質(或該蛋白質的等位基因異構體或變異體或其他自然產生之異構體或變異體),該蛋白質可由序列編號:9之核酸序列所編碼。
「MIP1α」是具有序列編號:10之胺基酸序列的蛋白質(或該蛋白質的等位基因異構體或變異體或其他自然產生之異構體或變異體),該蛋白質可由序列編號:11之核酸序列所編碼。
本發明之具體實施例
在一實施例中,本發明提供一種藉由施用治療有效量的聚胜肽以對有需要之個體進行抗癌及/或抗發炎治療的方法,該聚胜肽包含序列編號:1或包含至少有8個胺基酸(例如,8個、9個、10個、11個、12個、13個、14個或15個胺基酸)的序列編號:1之斷片,當與一群罹患相同癌症及/或發炎疾病的個體群體或群體平均值相比時,該個體呈現血清嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白及/或MIP1α含量升高的情形。
一相關實施例是有關一種用來判斷是否對有需要之個體施行(instigate)抗癌及/或抗發炎治療的方法,其中該抗癌治療及/或抗發炎治療包括:施用聚胜肽且該聚胜肽包含序列編號:1或包含至少有8個胺基酸的序列編號:1之斷片;及該方法包括當與罹患相同癌症及/或發炎性疾病的個體群體或群體平均值相比時,若該個體呈現血清嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白及/或MIP1α含量升高的情形,則判斷為陽性結果(positive determination),表示該治療是合理的。
如該等實施例所顯現出來的,本案發明人發現,當接受本發明所示藥物治療之癌症患者呈現高基期血清嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量且合併呈現低基期血清CRP含量時,這些患者的中位存活期達到最高。此外,還發現該些在治療後呈現相同組合情況(高嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白、低CRP)的患者是該些具有最高中位存活期的患者。
因此,根據本發明,本發明之療法較佳為接受該治療的患者是該些在治療之前表現出高嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白及/或MIP1α含量且合併表現出低CRP含量的患者-此外該等含量的高低是相對於普通群眾的平均值(或中位數)或相對於該相關患者群組的平均值或中位數來進行判斷。
本發明各種實施例所施用的有效劑量可能依據實際的給藥途徑而改變。若該聚胜肽作為疫苗施用時,用量範圍通常為0.5微克至500毫克,且較佳用量範圍介於10微克至1000微克之間,特別是介於20微克至200微克之間。當該聚胜肽作為抗發炎劑施用時,這些範圍亦可作為用量借鑑,但
例如若是以靜脈注射或動脈注射方式施用該聚胜肽時,可能要根據個體的病情情況、體重及年齡來調整用量。
在相關實施例中,可依據所屬技術領域中眾所皆知的標準化分析方法-免疫分析法(例如較佳為ELISA)測定嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白及/或MIP1α升高的含量(level),但也可採用能測定適當標靶細胞上此等細胞介素(cytokines)或適當標靶分子之活性的分析方法。若分析方法極為靈敏且精確,即使相較於標準值而言是極小的增量也可辨別出來,反之,較不靈敏或較不精確的分析法可能與標準值有較大的偏差。通常,就用來檢測正常值範圍內之特定細胞介素的既定分析方法而言,若該細胞介素含量超過該等正常值時,認為嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白及/或MIP1α含量可能會升高。一般而言。嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白及/或MIP1α的基期含量升高至少10%,但也可能升高更多:至少15%、至少20%、至少30%、至少40%、至少50%、至少60%、至少70%、至少80%及甚至至少100%。
本發明的另一實施例是關於一種藉由施用治療有效量的聚胜肽以對有需要之個體進行抗癌及/或抗發炎治療的方法,該聚胜肽包含序列編號:1或包含至少有8個胺基酸的序列編號:1之斷片,其中若該個體在經過該治療的初期階段之後呈現血清中CRP含量下降的情形,則在該治療的初期階段之後繼續進行該治療。此意味著,該治療作用已被驅動,但後續測量CRP以評估該療法的功效。若血清中的CRP無下降或升高(請參見上述分析法靈敏度的相關內容),本發明的發現在探討使用GV1001衍生聚胜肽(GV1001-derived polypeptide)
持續治療患者對於患者是否有益,意味著可考慮終結這部分的治療並轉用其他可能的替代方案或緩解性治療。
此實施例還關於一種用來判斷使用聚胜肽治療一個體之治療功效的方法,該聚胜肽包含序列編號:1或包含至少有8個胺基酸的序列編號:1之斷片,該方法包括在該治療的初始階段之後測定該個體中的血清CRP含量,及比較在該治療初始階段之前及之後的血清CRP含量,當該血清含量下降表示該治療有效,從而使存活時間增加。
該血清CRP含量下降通常應下降至少10%,但也可能進一步下降:至少15%、至少20%、至少30%、至少40%、至少50%、至少60%、至少70%及甚至是至少80%。
上述實施例集中在GV1001衍生聚胜肽的使用上,但在本發明的重要實施例中,該抗癌及/或抗發炎治療包括使用至少一種細胞生長抑制劑或細胞毒性劑進行同步治療(concurrent treatment)。例如,該同步治療可包括如目前實例般施用GemCap(吉西他賓+卡培他賓),但取決於實際的癌症或發炎疾病,可根據本發明使用GV1001衍生聚胜肽且合併施用適合用於治療該實際疾病的細胞生長抑制劑或細胞毒性劑。
本發明極重要的實施例是該治療為抗癌治療,且較佳為治療胰臟癌。然而,亦可考慮用於治療其他類型的癌症,且該癌症可選自以下群組:上皮癌、非上皮癌及混合癌。上皮癌可能是癌(carcinoma)或腺癌(adenocarcinoma)兩種,及非上皮癌或混合癌通常是脂肉瘤、纖維肉瘤、軟骨肉瘤、骨肉
瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、膠質瘤、神經胚細胞瘤、髓母細胞瘤、惡性黑色素瘤、惡性腦脊髓膜瘤、神經纖維肉瘤、白血病、骨髓增生性疾病、淋巴瘤、血管肉瘤、卡波西肉瘤、惡性畸胎瘤、無性胚胎瘤(dysgerminoma)、精原細胞瘤或絨膜瘤(choriosarcoma)。
又,癌症的解剖位置可能在身體中的任一處。因此,癌症可能位在眼、鼻、嘴、舌、咽喉、食道、胃、大腸、直腸、膀胱、輸尿管、尿道、腎臟、肝臟、胰臟、甲狀腺、腎上腺、乳房、皮膚、中樞神經系統、週邊神經系統、腦膜、血管系統、睪丸、卵巢、子宮、子宮頸、脾臟、骨骼或軟骨。
通常以非腸胃道方式施用該聚胜肽,且當作為疫苗施用時,一般經由皮下或經由皮內施用該聚胜肽。若最期望得到的是抗發炎效果,亦可利用靜脈或動脈途徑給藥。
上述血清含量的檢測是在體外進行。通常以酵素免疫測定法(ELISA)來檢測血清樣本以測定血清中的細胞介素含量。
以上討論的所有實施例中,該聚胜肽較佳為序列編號:1(即,該16肽本身)或序列編號:1之至少有8個胺基酸的斷片;即是,可預期到在該GV1001衍生聚胜肽中未必納入更多個胺基酸。
在一般實施例中提供嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白及/或MIP1α及/或CRP在抗癌及/或抗發炎治療中(特別是當該治療涉及施用包含序列編號:1或包含至少有8個胺基酸之序列編號:1斷片的聚胜肽時)作為預後標記的用途。如上述,典型
的用途是作為可在適當分析方法中被捕獲或測定的試劑,故本發明在此方面亦涵蓋使用能與該三種細胞介素其中任一者進行專一性結合的抗體及其他試劑。一引人關注的實施例是有關一種調節有需要的個體體內嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白及/或MIP1α及/或CRP之活性的方法,該方法包括施用治療有效量之如文中所界定的聚胜肽,此一方法將能解決因個體體內這些細胞介素之異常含量所造成的負面影響。因此,此實施例有關此等聚胜肽作為嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白及/或MIP1α及/或CRP之調節子的用途。
最後,本發明的另一實施例是關於一種試劑套組,該套組包括:a)含有以上所討論之GV1001衍生聚胜肽的藥學組成物;及b)用於測定血清嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白濃度的手段及/或用於測定血清MIP1α濃度的手段及/或用於測定血清CRP濃度的手段。此等手段可例如採適當的免疫分析形式。
實施例
TeloVac試驗在全英國52個機構募集1062個患者。接受疫苗接種的受試組及接受化療(GemCap治療,參見下方說明)的控制組之間在總體存活期方面無明顯差異,但該項試驗包括一項仍在評估中的宏遠轉譯研究計劃。然而,結果顯示該疫苗產生顯著的抗發炎反應,且疫苗接種與化療同時施用能提供一種可產生免疫反應且兼具增進抗發炎效果的有效方法。重要的是在一患者子群組中鑑別出回應疫苗接種而提高存活期的生物標記。
材料及方法
TeloVac試驗始於2007年1月,該試驗是針對局部晚期及轉移性胰臟癌就使用吉西他賓與卡培他賓(GemCap)治療進行合併用藥療法以及使用GV1001進行同步性及接續性化學-免疫療法做比較。
疫苗接種計劃
第25圖圖示所採取的疫苗接種計劃如下:在第一週內(第1週,且較佳在週一、週三及週五)施以三次GV1001皮內注射,並在第2週、第3週、第4週及第6週內每周注射一次疫苗。此後,每個月施打一次GV1001。於進行所有GV1001注射前10~15分鐘在大致相同位置處以皮內注射方式施打顆粒球巨噬細胞株刺激因子(GM-CSF)。
罹患晚期胰臟癌的患者具有很短的預期壽命,且患者的免疫系統會快速衰敗。故使得用於誘發免疫反應的手段有限。因此,重要的是使用頻繁接種疫苗方案以盡快誘發有效的免疫反應。根據另一種已證實可在晚期胰臟癌患者體內誘發免疫反應之胜肽疫苗所用的類似方案來擬定GV1001的疫苗接種方案,該GV1001的疫苗接種方案在治療的頭六週內施以積極疫苗接種。
發炎性細胞介素分析
使用Luminex多重細胞介素分析法(Luminex multiplex cytokine analysis)對取第1週(基期)及第10週(吉西他賓+卡培他賓+GV1001)的血清樣本(僅3組)進行分析。分析出總共26種的細胞介素,並利用ELISA分析CRP的含量。
所分析之樣本總覽:
灰色:分析血漿
斜體:分析血清
第1組:患者僅接受GemCap治療,即是使用吉西他賓(Gemcitabine,每週靜脈注射一次)與卡培他賓(Capecitabine,每日服用兩次藥錠)合併用藥對胰臟癌患者進行目前公認的標準化療療程。第2組:患者接受GemCap治療之後,接著在第7週使用GV1001進行治療。第3組:患者再整個治療期間同步接受GemCap與GV1001治療。
細胞介素(Cytokines)
對受測試的某些細胞介素進行分類:
刺激免疫功能相關因子:
干擾素-γ(INF-γ)免疫刺激作用
介白素-12(IL-12(p70))免疫刺激作用
介白素-1β(IL-1β)免疫刺激作用
介白素-6(IL-6)免疫刺激作用
腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)免疫刺激作用
抑制免疫功能相關因子:
介白素-10(IL-10)免疫抑制作用
介白素-1Ra(IL-1Ra)免疫抑制作用
介白素-4(IL-4)免疫抑制作用
血管內皮生長因子(VEGF)免疫抑制作用
趨化功能相關因子:
嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白(eotaxin)趨化作用
介白素-8(IL-8)趨化作用
干擾素-γ誘導蛋白-10(IP-10)趨化作用
單核球趨化蛋白-1(MCP-1)趨化作用
巨噬細胞炎性蛋白1α(MIP-1α)趨化作用
巨噬細胞炎症蛋白1β(MIP-1β)趨化作用
調節活化正常T細胞表達及分泌因子(RANTES)趨化作用
血管重建功能相關因子:
鹼性纖維維母細胞生長因子(FGF basic)血管重建作用
BB型血小板衍生性生長因子(PDGF-BB)血管重建作用
VEGF血管重建作用
患者血清分析
細胞介素分析結果:
以下表1中示出第2組及第3組基期(即,治療前)血清樣本與第2組第7週(GemCap)血清樣本及與第3組第10週(GemCap和GV1001)血清樣本的克-瓦二氏比較結果。克-瓦二氏檢定法(Kruskal-Wallis testing)鑑別出18種含量顯著不同的細胞介素;隨後進行邦佛朗尼-霍母法(Bonferroni-Holm)
校正之後,這些細胞介素之中有8種細胞介素仍有顯著意義。
結果
表1至表6及第1圖至第24圖顯示該等結果。
相較於單獨使用GemCap進行治療而言,在使用GV1001/GemCap治療之後,有7種細胞介素(IL-4、IL-5、IL-7、IL-17、PDGF、VEGF及RANTES)處於明顯較高濃度。使用原始未校正的雙尾式曼惠二氏檢定法(2-tailed Mann-Whitney PDGF)時,以PDGF(p<0.0001)及RANTES(p=0.002)的濃度水平最為顯著。接著進行邦佛朗尼-霍母法校正,PDGF及RANTES兩者的濃度水平依然顯著(見表2及第1圖)。
GemCap治療造成血液的血清部分(而非血漿)中有數種細胞介素含量降低(治療前與治療後做比較);在有GV1001存在下,此下降情形並不明顯(見表3及第2圖)。
相較於僅接受GemCap治療的患者而言,接受GV1001/GemCap治療之患者血清中的C-反應蛋白含量顯著降低(見第3圖)。從基期(治療前)到經GemCap治療後(n=38)或從基期(治療前)到經GemCap併GV1001治療後(n=41)在CRP含量上無顯著差異(見第4圖)。
CRP含量的初期粗存活率分析表示,在治療之前[處於基期],沒有證據可顯示第2組或第3組中之總體存活期與CRP含量(正常值範圍為6毫克/公升)之間的關聯性。此外,第2組經治療之後,總體存活期與CRP含量(正常值範圍為9毫克/公升)無關。反之,第3組經治療後,相較於具有高CRP含量的患者(中位存活期為222天;p=0.0002)而言,低CRP
含量具有較高的總體存活期及中位存活期(486天)(請見第11圖)。在不受理論束縛的情況下,較之於該些未針對疫苗做出CRP含量下降之回應的患者而言,針對該疫苗做出CRP含量降低之回應的患者似乎具有明顯較長的存活時間。
在第3組中,嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白或MIP1α的高基期含量與存活期大幅增加有關(見第6圖及第7圖)。與初期治療之後的CRP情況一樣,需藉由使其他預後標準中的潛在偏差減至最小來確認此關聯性,但卻效果顯著。令人有些驚訝的是,從以下數據可清楚看出使用GV1001進行治療似乎不能調控血清中的嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白或MIP1α含量:
血清分析:
表1示出第2組基期血清、第3組基期血清、第2組第7週(GemCap)血清與第3組第10週(GemCap和GV1001)血清的克-瓦二氏比較結果。
表2中示出第2組第7週(GemCap)血清樣本與第3
組第10週(GemCap和GV1001)血清樣本的比較結果。
曼-惠二氏分析顯示,相較於第2組僅接受GemCap治療7週之患者的血清樣本而言,第3組接受GemCap與GV1001治療10週之患者血清樣本中的IL-17、IL-4、IL-5、IL-7、PDGF、RANTES及VEGF含量明顯升高。然而,接著進行邦佛朗尼-霍母校正(Bonferroni-Holm correction)後,僅有PDGF仍保有顯著意義。第1圖中示出第2組及第3組在基期及治療後之IL-4、IL-5、IL7、IL-17、PDGF和VEGF細胞介素的比較圖。
針對以下項目進行成對分析:
●處於基期及經GemCap治療7週的第2組患者。
●處於基期及經GemCap與GV1001治療10週的第3組患者。
表3中示出此等檢定的總體p值結果。
第2組患者與第3組患者的p值有著明顯差異。成對魏克遜分析結果顯示,第2組患者在基期與經GemCap治療7周後,兩者之間有19種細胞介素含量呈現明顯差異,且在進行邦佛朗尼-霍母校正後,此19種有明顯差異的細胞介素減少為10種。然而,在第3組中,患者在基期與經GV1001/GemCap治療10周後,兩者之間僅GM-CSF達到具有顯著性(p=0.052),並且在進行邦佛朗尼-霍母校正後,GM-CSF也不再具有顯著性。
第2圖中示出針對第2組及第3組兩組患者進行成對分析以用於挑選細胞介素的數據圖。該圖亦包含從基期到治療後之患者樣本中可見的正變化與負變化之數目。在大多數的第2組患者中,從基期到第7周(即,在GemCap治療期
間)所分析的細胞介素逐漸下降。此結果與第3組的結果形成對比,在第3組中,正變化與負變化之數目的分佈相對均勻。
C-反應蛋白的結果:
分析血清中的CRP含量。第3圖示出第2組及第3組患者在基期時與經治療後血清中的CRP含量。該數據顯示基期時的CRP含量沒有顯著差異,然而,治療後的分析結果則顯示出顯著差異,接受GV1001/GemCap治療之患者的CRP含量明顯低於僅接受GemCap治療之患者的CRP含量。表4示出CRP數據依照組別及基期與治療後進行匯整的統計資料。
如同該細胞介素數據一般進行成對分析,且分析結果示於第4圖中。從基期到治療後,在第2組及第3組中皆無顯著差異。
血漿分析
細胞介素的結果:
表4中示出第1組第14周(GemCap)與第3組第14周(GemCap及GV1001)之血漿樣本的比較情形,兩者間無顯著差異。表5中示出第1組第26周(GemCap)與第3組第26周(GemCap及GV1001)之血漿樣本的比較情形,兩者間無顯著差異。如同該血清分析一般,使用成對魏克遜檢定法對血漿進行分析,以用於進行以下表6中的p值比較:
●處於基期且隨後施以GemCap治療14週的第1組患者。
●處於基期且隨後施以GemCap與GV1001治療14週的第3組患者。
●處於基期且隨後施以GemCap治療26週的第1組患者。
●處於基期且隨後施以GemCap與GV1001治療26週的第3組患者。
注意到,在接受GemCap治療後之血清中所見到的細胞介素下降情形,在血漿中不復見。在第3組第14週的患者中僅在RANTES上看到顯著差異,在經過GemCap與GV1001治療之後RANTES的含量下降,然而,此下降情形在經過邦佛朗尼-霍母校正之後不再具有顯著意義。
存活期分析
血清細胞介素:
針對基期及治療後之細胞介素含量及細胞介素含量之絕對變化值進行初期存活期分析,以顯示IL-8(第5圖)、嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白(第6圖)、MIP1α(第7圖)、MIP1β(第8圖)及VEGF(第9圖)對於接受單種治療組或接受雙種治療組之存活期的影響。
CRP:
儘管初期存活期分析指出基期CRP對存活期有影響,但此影響未能達到統計上的顯著意義。然而,第3組在治療後的CRP含量確實呈現出與存活期差異之間有著明顯相關性(高CRP的中位存活期為222天,低CRP的中位存活期為486天,p=0.002,見第11圖),在第2組中未能見到此情形(第10圖)。
進一步分析結果
第13圖圖示第2組之基期血清細胞介素數據及治療後血清細胞介素數據之對數(log)平均數的測線圖。
第14圖圖示第3組之基期血清細胞介素數據及治療後血清細胞介素數據的對數平均數。
第15圖圖示各組血清中之細胞介素平均差(治療後-基期)的測線圖。
值得注意的是,該等分析結果顯示在第2組的血清中有19種細胞介素在基期與治療後的數值之間表現出具有統計意義的下降情形(該19種細胞介素為PDGF、IL1β、IL-1ra、IL-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-7、IL-10、IL-12、IL-13、IL-17、G-CSF、IFNγ、嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白、FGFb、MIP1β、RANTES、TNFα、VEGF;而非CRP、IL-6、IL-8、IL-9、IL-15、GM-CSF、IP10、MCP1、MIP1α),然而在第3組中沒有一個細胞介素表現出具有統計意義的下降情形。由第16圖可看出此結果,第16圖提供針對各組之各種細胞介素使用魏克遜符號排序檢定法所獲得的p值,該方法是用以檢定由基期至治療後的數值升高/下降情形。如圖中所見,有顯著差異者以灰色粗體字型表示。第2組中之細胞介素的降幅大於第3組,並指出在第2組中有19種細胞介素明顯降低,但第3組中則無。
第17圖是針對該項研究中各組及各種細胞介素,示出治療後血清中之細胞介素含量減去基期血清中之細胞介素含量所得的差值中位數。含量下降者以淺灰色表示,且含量升高/不變者則以深灰色表示。
第18圖圖示針對該項研究中各組之血清中的每種細胞介素基期數據所建立的考氏比例風險模型。該表提供該基期數據的單變量分析結果並示出具有95%信賴區間的風險比率及p值。就第2組而言,CRP、IL-1ra、IL-2、IL-10、嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白及IFNγ具有顯著意義(p<0.1),就第3組而言則是CRP、IL-1ra及嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白具有顯著意義。
第19a圖及第19b圖示出第2組及第3組處於基期時的血清CRP含量。就第2組而言,低CRP含量可得到337天的中位存活期,及對於第3組而言,低CRP含量可得到373天的中位存活期。基期CRP含量預測出第3組中的中位(95% CI)總體存活期(高CRP=250[132~451]天;低CRP=372.5[229~517]天;p=0.0500),但未能預測第2組的中位總體存活期(高CRP=195[140~262]天;低CRP=337[167~366]天;p=0.2534)。
第20a圖及第20b圖示第2組及第3組處於基期時的嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量。就第2組而言,高的血清嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量得到300天的中位存活期,及對於第3組而言,高的血清嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量得到451天的中位存活期。基期嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量預測出第3組中的中位(95% CI)總體存活期(高嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白=451[308~623]天;低嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白=238.5[178~344]天;p=0.0135),但未能預測第2組的中位總體存活期(高嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白=299.5[167~358]天;低嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白=188[102~320]天;p=0.1138)。
第21a圖及第21b圖示針對血清CRP合併血清嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白的基期數據使用二元變數進行比例風險模型分析。當合併基期的變數時,利用低血清CRP含量加上高血清嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量的組合預測出第2組中的最長總體存活期(中位存活期=337天),並同樣預測出第3組中的最長總體存活期(中位存活期=450天)。
第22a圖及第22b圖示第2組及第3組在治療後的血清CRP含量。對於第2組,低血清CRP含量得到337天的中位存活期,及對於第3組,低血清CRP含量得到450天的中位存活期。
第23a圖及第23b圖示第2組及第3組在治療後的血清嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量。對於第2組,高血清嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量得到251天的中位存活期,及對於第3組,高血清嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量得到364天的中位存活期。
第24a圖及第24b圖示針對血清CRP合併血清嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白的治療後數據使用二元變數進行比例風險模型分析。當合併變數時,利用低CRP含量加上高嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量的組合預測出第2組中的最長存活期(中位存活期=355天),並同樣地預測出第3組中的最長存活期(中位存活期=535天)。當合併治療後的變數時,利用低CRP含量加上高嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白含量的組合預測出第2組中的最長存活期(中位存活期=355天),並同樣地預測出第3組中的最長存活期(中位存活期=535天)。
生物序列資料
序列編號:1;GV1001胺基酸序列:EARPALLTSRLRFIPK
序列編號:2;人嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白(人嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白1)(CCL11趨化素(C-C基序)配體11);蛋白質;UniProt識別編號:P51671;長度:97個胺基酸,分子量:10.732kDa:
序列編號:3;人嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白2(CCL24);蛋白質;UniProt識別編號:O00175;長度:119個胺基酸,分子量:13.134kDa:
序列編號:4;人嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白3(CCL26);蛋白質;UniProt識別編號:Q9Y258;長度:94個胺基酸,分子量:10.648kDa:
序列編號:5;人嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白(人嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白1)(CCL11趨化素(C-C基序)配體11);核酸;NCBI GeneBank識別編號:NM_002986.2:
序列編號:6;人嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白2(CCL24);核酸;NCBI
GeneBank識別編號:NM_002991.2:
序列編號:7;人嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白3(CCL26);核酸;NCBI GeneBank識別編號:NM_006072.4:
序列編號:8;人CRP(C-反應蛋白);蛋白質;UniProt識別編號:Q5VVP7;長度:102個胺基酸,分子量:11.632kDa:
序列編號:9;人CRP(C-反應蛋白);核酸;NCBI GeneBank識別編號:NM_000567.2:
序列編號:10;人MIP1α(CCL3趨化素(C-C基序)配體3);蛋白質;UniProt識別編號:P10147;長度:92個胺基酸,分子量:10.085kDa:
序列編號:11;人MIP1α(CCL3趨化素(C-C基序)配體3);核酸;NCBI GeneBank識別編號:NM_002983.2:
<110> 凱爾傑姆維克斯有限公司
金商在
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Claims (16)
- 一種聚胜肽用以製造一藥劑的用途,該藥劑藉由施用一治療有效量的聚胜肽以對一有需要之個體進行抗癌及/或抗發炎治療,其中當與罹患相同癌症及/或發炎疾病的個體的群體平均值相比時,該個體呈現至少10%的嗜酸粒細胞趨化蛋白的血清含量升高,其中該聚胜肽由序列編號:1所構成。
- 如請求項1所述之用途,其中與罹患相同癌症及/或發炎性疾病的個體的群體平均值相比,該個體進一步呈現CRP含量下降,其中該在CRP的血清中的該含量下降為至少10%。
- 如請求項1所述之用途,其中該抗癌治療及/或抗發炎治療的該藥劑與至少一抗癌化療劑同步施用。
- 如請求項3所述之用途,其中該至少一抗癌化療劑是一去氧核苷類似物或一氟嘧啶。
- 如請求項4所述之用途,其中該去氧核苷類似物是吉西他賓而該氟嘧啶是5-氟尿嘧啶或卡培他賓。
- 如請求項1所述之用途,其中該抗癌治療及/或抗發炎治療的該藥劑與一輔助劑一起施用。
- 如請求項6所述之用途,其中該輔助劑是一細胞介素輔助劑。
- 如請求項7所述之用途,其中該細胞介素輔助劑是顆粒球巨噬細胞株刺激因子(GM-CSF)。
- 如請求項1所述之用途,其中該治療是一抗癌治療。
- 如請求項1所述之用途,其中該治療為治療胰臟癌。
- 如請求項10所述之用途,其中該胰臟癌是局部晚期及轉移性胰臟癌。
- 如請求項1所述之用途,其中是以口服或非腸胃道的方式施用該聚胜肽。
- 如請求項1所述之用途,進一步包括在施用後測定該個體的CRP的血清含量(w/v),且在與罹患相同癌症及/或發炎性疾病的個體的群體平均值相比,CRP的含量呈現超過10%的下降的情況下,持續該施用。
- 如請求項1所述之用途,其中測定血清含量的步驟是在體外進行。
- 如請求項1所述之用途,其中:a)該個體罹患局部晚期及轉移性胰臟癌,b)該藥劑與顆粒球巨噬細胞株刺激因子(GM-CSF)一起施用,及c)該藥劑與吉西他賓而該氟嘧啶與卡培他賓同步施用。
- 如請求項15所述之用途,其中:d)在施用該藥劑之前施用GM-CSF 10至15分鐘,e)在下腹部中皮內施用GM-CSF與該藥劑,及f)GM-CSF與該藥劑在該治療的第一周期間施用三次,在該治療的第二、第三、第四與第六周期間各施用一次,並在之後每四周施用一次。
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