TWI669155B - Diameter varying fluidized bed reactor and regenerative reaction system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a reduced-diameter fluidized bed reactor and a regenerative reaction system. The reduced fluidized bed reactor comprises a first tubular member and a second tubular member. The first tubular member has a first inner diameter including a first fluid inlet, a first interface, and a first solid inlet. The first fluid inlet is disposed at a bottom end of the first tubular member. The first interface is disposed at a top end of the first tubular member. The first solid inlet is disposed between the first fluid inlet of the first tubular member and the first interface. The second tubular member has a second inner diameter including a second interface and a first discharge opening. The second interface is disposed at one end of the second tubular member, and is connected to the first interface to connect the first tubular member and the second tubular member to each other. The first discharge port is disposed at the other end of the second pipe member. Wherein the first inner diameter is greater than the second inner diameter.

Description

Reducing fluidized bed reactor and regenerative reaction system

The present invention relates to a variable fluidized bed reactor and a regenerative reaction system, and more particularly to a reduced fluidized bed reactor and a regenerative reaction system for treating acid gases.

Hydrogen sulphide is a toxic gas commonly found in chemical processes such as biogas and hydrodesulfurization processes for crude oil refining and must be removed. The conventional method for removing hydrogen sulfide comprises using a fluidized bed with an absorbent, in order to prolong the utilization time of the absorbent, increasing the regeneration system to use a fluidized bed as a reactor, and enabling the absorbent to smoothly return to the deacidification reactor to achieve energy The effect of the loop. However, increasing the fluid flow rate of the fluidized bed reduces the residence time of the reactants in the reactor, which is detrimental to the sufficient reaction of the reactants.

In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a reduced-fluid fluidized bed reactor that overcomes the above problems.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a regenerative reaction system using a reduced-flow fluidized bed reactor that overcomes the above problems.

The reduced fluidized bed reactor of the present invention comprises a first tubular member and a second tubular member. The first tubular member has a first inner diameter including a first fluid inlet, a first interface, and a first solid Body imports. The first fluid inlet is disposed at a bottom end of the first tubular member. The first interface is disposed at a top end of the first tubular member. The first solid inlet is disposed between the first fluid inlet of the first tubular member and the first interface. The second tubular member has a second inner diameter including a second interface and a first discharge opening. The second interface is disposed at one end of the second tubular member, and is connected to the first interface to connect the first tubular member and the second tubular member to each other. The first discharge port is disposed at the other end of the second pipe member. Wherein the first inner diameter is greater than the second inner diameter.

In an embodiment of the invention, the reduced-flow fluidized bed reactor comprises a tubular member, and the inner wall of the tubular member extends axially perpendicular to the axial direction to a second inner portion after extending a first length in the axial direction with the first inner diameter. And a second length extending in the axial direction with the second inner diameter. The tube member has a first fluid inlet at one end of the first inner diameter. The other end of the tubular member having the second inner diameter includes a first discharge opening. The tubular member has a portion of the first inner diameter that has a first solids inlet at a location other than the fluid inlet. Wherein the first inner diameter is greater than the second inner diameter.

In an embodiment of the invention, the first inner diameter is between 2 and 10 times the second inner diameter.

In an embodiment of the invention, the reduced-flow fluidized bed reactor forms a fast fluidized bed at a portion having an inner diameter of the second inner diameter and allows the absorbent to smoothly return to the main reactor.

In an embodiment of the invention, the reduced fluidized bed reactor is a gas/solid fluidized bed reactor.

The regenerative reaction system of the present invention comprises a main reaction fluidized bed reactor, a first separator, a reduced fluidized bed reactor, and a second separator. The main reaction fluidized bed reactor is configured to react the main reaction fluid with the unreacted solid to form a main reaction product comprising the first reacted fluid and the reacted solid. The first separator is in communication with the main reaction fluidized bed reactor to receive the primary reaction generating material for separating the first reacted fluid from the reacted solid. The variable fluidized bed reactor is in communication with the main reaction fluidized bed reactor to receive the reacted solids for regenerating the reaction fluid and The reacted solid reaction produces a regenerated reaction-generating material comprising a second reacted fluid and unreacted solids. The second separator is in communication with the reduced-flow fluidized bed reactor and the main reaction fluidized bed reactor, respectively, for separating the second reacted fluid from the unreacted solid and receiving the regeneration reaction-generating material from the variable-path fluidized bed reactor and An unreacted solid is provided to the main reaction fluidized bed reactor.

In an embodiment of the invention, the primary reactive fluidized bed reactor comprises a primary reactive fluid inlet, a first unreacted solids inlet, a second unreacted solids inlet, a reacted solids outlet, and a primary reaction generating material outlet. The main reaction fluid inlet is disposed at the bottom end of the main reaction fluidized bed reactor for the main reaction fluid to enter the main reaction fluidized bed reactor. The first unreacted solids inlet is for unreacted solids to enter the main reaction fluidized bed reactor. The second unreacted solids inlet is for unreacted solids to enter the main reaction fluidized bed reactor. The reacted solids outlet is disposed adjacent the bottom end of the main reaction fluidized bed reactor for the reacted solids to exit the main reaction fluidized bed reactor. The main reaction product outlet is disposed at the top of the main reaction fluidized bed reactor for the main reaction product to leave the main reaction fluidized bed reactor.

In an embodiment of the invention, the first separator comprises a first separator inlet, a first separator solids outlet, and a first separator fluid outlet. The first separator inlet is in communication with the main reaction generating material outlet for the main reaction to generate material into the first separator. The first separator solids outlet is disposed at the bottom of the first separator for the separated solids separated from the main reaction to form a material to exit the first separator. The first separator fluid outlet is disposed at a location other than the first separator inlet of the first separator and the first separator solids outlet, and the first reacted fluid separated by the primary reaction generating material exits the first separator.

In an embodiment of the invention, in the regeneration reaction system, the first solids inlet is in communication with the reacted solids outlet for the reacted solids to enter the variable fluidized bed reactor. First fluid The inlet is for regenerating the reaction fluid into the variable fluidized bed reactor. The first discharge port is for the regeneration reaction to generate material leaving the variable fluidized bed reactor.

In an embodiment of the invention, the second separator comprises a second separator inlet, a second separator solids outlet, and a second separator fluid outlet. The second separator inlet is in communication with the first discharge port for the regeneration reaction to generate material into the second separator. The second separator solids outlet is disposed at the bottom of the second separator, communicates with the first unreacted solids inlet, and the unreacted solid separated by the regeneration reaction is separated from the second separator and enters the main reaction fluidized bed reactor. . The second separator fluid outlet is disposed at a position other than the first separator inlet of the second separator and the first separator solids outlet, and the second reacted fluid separated by the regeneration reaction generating material leaves the second separator.

In an embodiment of the invention, the primary reactive fluidized bed reactor and the reduced fluidized bed reactor are gas/solid fluidized bed reactors.

In an embodiment of the invention, the primary reaction fluid is hydrogen sulfide, the unreacted solids are selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, iron oxide, ferrous oxide, and mixtures thereof, and the regeneration reaction fluid is oxygen.

100‧‧‧Main Reaction Fluidized Bed Reactor

110‧‧‧Main reaction fluid inlet

121‧‧‧First unreacted solids imports

122‧‧‧Second unreacted solids imports

130‧‧‧Reacted solids exports

140‧‧‧Main reaction generation material outlet

200‧‧‧First separator

210‧‧‧First separator inlet

220‧‧‧First separator solids outlet

230‧‧‧First separator fluid outlet

300‧‧‧Reducing fluidized bed reactor

301‧‧‧ inner wall

310‧‧‧First pipe fittings

311‧‧‧First fluid inlet

312‧‧‧ first interface

313‧‧‧First solid import

314‧‧‧equal pressure chamber

315‧‧‧Homogeneous components

316‧‧‧ tapered part

320‧‧‧Second pipe fittings

321‧‧‧second interface

322‧‧‧first discharge opening

333‧‧‧ pipe fittings

400‧‧‧Second separator

410‧‧‧Second separator inlet

420‧‧‧Second separator solids outlet

430‧‧‧Second separator fluid outlet

510‧‧‧Fluid supply unit

520‧‧‧Fluid supply unit

530‧‧‧Fluid supply unit

540‧‧‧Fluid supply unit

550‧‧‧Fluid supply unit

600‧‧‧Solid supply unit

801‧‧‧Axial

802‧‧‧ radial

900‧‧‧Regeneration Reaction System

D ₁ ‧‧‧first inner diameter

D ₂ ‧‧‧second inner diameter

L ₁ ‧‧‧First length

L ₂ ‧‧‧second length

1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a reductive fluidized bed reactor of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a regenerative reaction system of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a different embodiment of the regenerative reaction system of the present invention; The solid phase volume fraction of the regenerative fluidized bed reactor; FIG. 4B is the solid phase volume fraction of the main reactive fluidized bed reactor of Comparative Example 1. Figure 5A is a solid phase volume fraction diagram of the regenerative reaction fluidized bed reactor of Comparative Example 2; Figure 5B is a solid phase volume fraction diagram of the main reaction fluidized bed reactor of Comparative Example 2; Figure 6A is an implementation The solid phase volume fraction map of the variable-flow fluidized bed reactor of Example 1; and FIG. 6B is the solid phase volume fraction diagram of the main reaction fluidized bed reactor of Example 1.

The variable fluidized bed reactor of the present invention is preferably applied to a gas/solid fluidized bed reactor of a gas/solid reaction, that is, the fluid is a gas. In various embodiments, however, the fluid can be a liquid, and the reduced-flow fluidized bed reactor is a liquid/solid fluidized bed reactor for use in a liquid/solid reaction.

As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the reduced fluidized bed reactor 300 of the present invention comprises a first tubular member 310 and a second tubular member 320. The first tubular member 310 has a first inner diameter D1 including a first fluid inlet 311, a first interface 312, and a first solid inlet 313. The first fluid inlet 311 is disposed at a bottom end of the first tubular member 310. Further, the bottom of the reduced-flow fluidized bed reactor 300 may be provided with a pressure equalization chamber 314 and a homogenizing element 315 such as a diffusion plate, so that the fluid reaction material enters the reduced-flow fluidized bed reactor 300 from the first fluid inlet 311. After that, it can flow more evenly to the other end. The first interface 312 is disposed at a top end of the first tube member 310. The first tube member 310 preferably tapers inwardly to form the first interface 312, but is not limited thereto. The first solid inlet 313 is disposed between the first fluid inlet 311 of the first tubular member 310 and the first interface 312 for the solid reaction material to enter Fluidized bed reactor 300. In a preferred embodiment, the first solid inlet 313 is disposed between the homogenizing element 315 of the first tubular member 310 and the first interface 312.

As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the second tubular member 320 has a second inner diameter D2 including a second interface 321 and a first discharge opening 322. The second interface 321 is disposed at one end of the second tubular member 320 and is in contact with the first interface 312 to interconnect the first tubular member 310 and the second tubular member 320. The first discharge port 322 is disposed at the other end of the second pipe member 320 with respect to the second interface 321, and the material for completion of the reaction leaves the fluidized bed reactor 300.

As shown in the embodiment of Fig. 1, the variable fluidized bed reactor 300 of the present invention comprises a tube member 333, and the inner wall 301 of the tube member 333 extends in the axial direction 801 by a first length with a first inner diameter D1. After L1, the radial direction 802 perpendicular to the axial direction 801 is contracted into the second inner diameter D2, and the second inner diameter D2 is extended in the axial direction 801 by the second inner diameter D2. The tube 333 in the range of the indentation is a tapered portion 316. The tube member 333 has one of the first inner diameters D1 and includes a first fluid inlet 311. The other end of the tubular member 333 having the second inner diameter D2 includes a first discharge opening 322. The tube member 333 has a portion of the first inner diameter D1 that has a first solid inlet 313 at a location other than the fluid inlet 311.

In some operations using a fluidized bed reactor, the flow rate at which the mixture of fluidized bed reactors reaches the outlet must exceed a critical speed as an operating condition, for example, if solid material is required to exit the outlet, the mixture The flow rate at which the material reaches the outlet must exceed this critical speed. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, if the amount of solid material entering from the first solid inlet 313 and exiting from the first discharge port 322 is equal, the flow rate of the mixture to the first discharge port 322 must exceed At this critical speed, the solid material can reach and exit the first discharge port 322 with the fluid material. Therefore, in the reduced-flow fluidized bed reactor 300 of the present invention, the flow rate of the mixture at the portion having the inner diameter of the second inner diameter D2 must exceed the critical speed. Due to the reducing fluid of the present invention The first inner diameter D1 of the chemical bed reactor 300 is greater than the second inner diameter D2, and in the case where the flow rate of the mixed material leaving the reducing fluidized bed reactor 300 is fixed, the mixed material has an inner diameter of the first inner diameter D1. The portion will stay longer than the portion having the inner diameter of the second inner diameter D2. Based on the above, the fluid reaction material reacts with the solid in the fluidized bed reactor of the present invention, if the flow rate of the mixture to the outlet exceeds the critical speed as compared with the conventional fluidized bed reactor. The material may remain in the portion having the inner diameter D1 for a longer period of time, thereby prolonging the time remaining in the reduced-flow fluidized bed reactor to make the reaction more complete.

In the fluidized bed reactor described above, the flow rate of the mixture to the outlet exceeds a critical rate, and the solid material can form a fast fluidized bed as the fluid material reaches and exits the outlet. Among them, the fluidized bed reactor has a minimum fluidization speed, and when the fluid flow rate in the fluidized bed reactor is 20 to 100 times the minimum fluidization speed, it is a fast fluidized bed. In a preferred embodiment, the reduced fluidized bed reactor 300 forms a fast fluidized bed at a portion having an inner diameter that is a second inner diameter D2. The first inner diameter D1 is 2 to 10 times the second inner diameter D2. In one embodiment, the first inner diameter D1 is 3 times the second inner diameter D2. The reduced-flow fluidized bed reactor 300 forms a bubbling bed at a portion having an inner diameter of the first inner diameter D1. Wherein, when the flow rate of the fluid in the fluidized bed reactor is 3 to 10 times the minimum fluidization speed, it is a bubbling bed.

As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the regeneration reaction system 900 of the present invention comprises a primary reaction fluidized bed reactor 100, a first separator 200, a reduced fluidized bed reactor 300, and a second separator 400. The primary reaction fluidized bed reactor 100 reacts the primary reaction fluid with the unreacted solid to form a primary reaction product comprising the first reacted fluid and the reacted solid. The first separator 200 is in communication with the main reaction fluidized bed reactor 100 to receive a main reaction generating material for separating the first reacted fluid from the reacted solid. Reduced fluidized bed reactor 300 and main reaction fluidized bed reactor 100 is connected to receive the reacted solid which is reacted with the reacted solid to form a regenerated reaction product comprising the second reacted fluid and the unreacted solid. The second separator 400 is in communication with the reduced fluidized bed reactor 300 and the main reactive fluidized bed reactor 100, respectively, for separating the second reacted fluid from the unreacted solid and receiving the regeneration reaction from the variable diameter fluidized bed reactor. A material is produced and unreacted solids are provided to the main reaction fluidized bed reactor. Wherein the second reacted fluid and the corresponding primary reaction and regeneration reaction comprise, but are not limited to, the following.

The main reaction is ZnO+H2S=ZnS+H2O, the main reaction fluid is H2S, the unreacted solid is H2S, the first reacted fluid is H2O, the reacted solid is ZnS, and the regenerated reaction is ZnS+O2=ZnO+SO2, regeneration reaction The fluid is O2.

The main reaction is FeO+H2S=FeS+H2O, the main reaction fluid is H2S, the unreacted solid is FeO, the first reacted fluid is H2O, the reacted solid is FeS, and the regeneration reaction is FeS+O2=FeO+SO2, regeneration reaction The fluid is O2.

The main reaction is Fe2O3+3 H2S=Fe2S3+H2O, the main reaction fluid is H2S, the unreacted solid is Fe2O3, the first reacted fluid is H2O, the reacted solid is Fe2S3, and the regeneration reaction is Fe2S3+O2=Fe2O3+3S, regeneration The reaction fluid is O2.

The main reaction is MOx+x H2S+(CO,H2O)=MSx+x H2O, the main reaction fluid is H2S+(CO,H2O), the unreacted solid is MOx, the first reacted fluid is H2O, and the reacted solid is MSx, regeneration The reaction is MSx + 3x / 2 O2 = MOx + x SO2, and the regenerated reaction fluid is O2.

More specifically, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the primary reaction fluidized bed reactor 100 includes a primary reaction fluid inlet 110, a first unreacted solids inlet 121, a second unreacted solids inlet 122, and a reacted solid. The outlet 130, and the main reaction produces a material outlet 140. The primary reactive fluid inlet 110 is disposed at the bottom end of the primary reactive fluidized bed reactor 100 for the primary reactive fluid to enter the primary reactive fluidized bed reactor 100. The first unreacted solids inlet 121 and the second unreacted solids inlet 122 provide unreacted solids to the main reactive fluidized bed reactor 100. The reacted solids outlet 130 is disposed adjacent the bottom end of the main reactive fluidized bed reactor 100 for the reacted solids to exit the main reactive fluidized bed reactor 100. The main reaction product outlet 140 is disposed at the top of the main reaction fluidized bed reactor 100 for the main reaction product to exit the main reaction fluidized bed reactor 100. In this embodiment, the primary reactive fluidized bed reactor 100 utilizes a conventional fluidized bed reactor. However, in various embodiments, the primary reactive fluidized bed reactor 100 can also utilize the aforementioned reduced fluidized bed reactor.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the first separator 200 includes a first separator inlet 210, a first separator solids outlet 220, and a first separator fluid outlet 230. The first separator inlet 210 is in communication with the primary reaction product outlet 140 for the primary reaction to form material into the first separator 200. The first separator solids outlet 220 is disposed at the bottom of the first separator 200 for the separated solids separated from the main reaction to form a material to exit the first separator 200. The first separator fluid outlet 230 is disposed at a location other than the first separator inlet 210 and the first separator solids outlet 220 of the first separator 200, and preferably at the top of the first separator 200, for generation by the primary reaction The first reacted fluid from which the material is separated exits the first separator 200.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the second separator 400 includes a second separator inlet 410, a second separator solids outlet 420, and a second separator fluid outlet 430. The second separator inlet 410 is in communication with the first discharge port 322 for the regeneration reaction to form material into the second separator 400. The second separator solids outlet 420 is disposed at the bottom of the second separator 400, communicates with the first unreacted solids inlet 121, and the unreacted solids separated by the regeneration reaction product are separated from the second separator 400 and enter the main reaction fluid. Chemical bed reactor 100. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the first The solids inlet 313 is in communication with the reacted solids outlet 130 for the reacted solids to enter the reduced fluidized bed reactor 300. The first fluid inlet 311 is for regenerating the reactive fluid into the reduced fluidized bed reactor 300. The first discharge port 322 is for the regeneration reaction to form a material leaving the reduced fluidized bed reactor 300.

The second separator fluid outlet 430 is disposed at a location other than the first separator inlet 410 and the first separator solids outlet 420 of the second separator 400, and is preferably located at the top of the first separator inlet 410 for regeneration reaction The second reacted fluid that produces the separated material exits the second separator 400.

In a preferred embodiment, the supply of fluid or the adjustment of the flow rate may be performed using, for example, fluid supply units 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, etc., and the supply of solids may be performed using, for example, solids supply unit 600. More specifically, in an embodiment, the main reaction fluid may be supplied using the fluid supply unit 510, and the concentration of the supplied main reaction fluid may be adjusted using the fluid supply unit 520 equipped with an inert gas. The regenerative reaction fluid may be supplied using the fluid supply unit 530. The reacted solids entering the reduced fluidized bed reactor 300 and the unreacted solids entering the main reactive fluidized bed reactor 100 from the first unreacted solids inlet 121 may be regulated using fluid supply units 540, 550 containing inert gas, respectively. Traffic. Wherein, the communication tube unit may be further disposed between the first solid inlet 313 and the reacted solid outlet 130 to improve the adjustment efficiency of the flow rate of the unreacted solid. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, a heat insulating device such as a heat insulating foam may be disposed outside a part of the components of the regenerative reaction system 900 depending on design or use requirements.

The following is the result of a simulation using a simulation software (Aspen Plus, Aspen Tech, USA).

In the first comparative example, the simulation parameters of the regenerative reaction system using the conventional fluidized bed reactor having the uniform diameter as the main reaction and the regenerative reaction, and the retention of the material therein The time simulation results are shown in Table 1 below and Figures 4A and 4B.

The "position" contained in the table refers to the ratio of the height of the position relative to the bottom point of the reactor to the height of the reactor, 0 is the position of the bottom point of the reactor, and 1 is the position of the apex of the reactor.

In the second comparative example, a fluidized bed reactor of uniform diameter is used as the main reaction. The simulation parameters of the regeneration reaction system of the reactor to be regenerated and the residence time simulation results of the materials therein are shown in Table 2 below and Figures 5A and 5B.

The "position" contained in the table refers to the ratio of the height of the position relative to the bottom point of the reactor to the height of the reactor, 0 is the position of the bottom point of the reactor, and 1 is the position of the apex of the reactor.

As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, the regenerative reaction fluidized bed reactor of Comparative Example 1 has a larger inner diameter and thus has a longer residence time. However, as can be seen from Figures 4A, 4B and Figures 5A, 5B, only the regenerative reaction fluidized bed reactor of Comparative Example 2 would form a fast fluidized bed. In other words, although the regenerative reaction fluidized bed reactor of Comparative Example 1 has a long residence time, it cannot form a fast fluidized bed, and the material containing unreacted solids cannot be separated from the top outlet, and the unreacted solids can no longer be recycled. The regenerative reaction fluidized bed reactor of Comparative Example 2 can form a rapid fluidized bed, and the regeneration reaction product containing unreacted solids is separated from the top outlet, so that the unreacted solids are recycled again, but the residence time is short and the adverse reaction Fully proceed.

On the other hand, in the first embodiment, the simulation parameters of the main reaction fluidized bed reactor and the variable fluidized bed reactor in the regenerative reaction system of the present invention and the simulation results of the residence time of the materials therein are shown in Table 3 below and FIG. 6A. Shown in 6B.

The "position" contained in the table refers to the ratio of the height of the position relative to the bottom point of the reactor to the height of the reactor, 0 is the position of the bottom point of the reactor, and 1 is the position of the apex of the reactor.

It can be seen from Table 3 that the reduced-fluidized fluidized bed reactor of Example 1 has a longer residence time than the regenerated reaction fluidized bed reactor of Comparative Example 2 at the same gas flow rate, which is favorable for the reaction. Fully proceed. It can be seen from FIG. 6A that the variable-flow fluidized bed reactor of the first embodiment also forms a rapid fluidized bed, and the regeneration reaction-generating material containing unreacted solids can be separated from the first discharge port, so that the unreacted solids are Recycling. Accordingly, the invention of the regenerative reaction system can increase the reaction time, thereby increasing the reaction efficiency.

While the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, the embodiments of the invention The spirit and scope of the principles of the invention. Modifications of many forms, structures, arrangements, ratios, materials, components and components can be made by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed herein are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be attached The scope of the patent is defined and covers its legal equivalents and is not limited to the previous description.

Claims (14)

A variable fluidized bed reactor comprising: a first tubular member having a first inner diameter, comprising: a first fluid inlet disposed at a bottom end of the first tubular member; a first interface disposed at the first a first solid inlet, disposed between the first fluid inlet of the first tubular member and the first interface; and a second tubular member having a second inner diameter comprising: a second interface The first pipe member is connected to the first pipe member to communicate with the second pipe member; a first discharge port is disposed at the other end of the second pipe member; wherein The first inner diameter is greater than the second inner diameter. A variable-flow fluidized bed reactor comprising a tubular member, the inner wall of the tubular member extending along a first inner diameter along a first axial length and then being radially retracted into a radial direction perpendicular to the axial direction a second inner diameter extending along the axial direction by a second length, the tubular member having one end of the first inner diameter comprising a first fluid inlet, the tubular member having the other end of the second inner diameter a first discharge port, the pipe member having a portion of the first inner diameter further having a first solid inlet at a position other than the fluid inlet, wherein the first inner diameter is greater than the second inner diameter. The reduced-fluid fluidized bed reactor of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first inner diameter is 2 to 10 times the second inner diameter. The reduced-fluid fluidized bed reactor of claim 1 or 2, wherein the inner diameter is a portion of the second inner diameter to form a fast fluidized bed. The reduced fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1 or 2 is a gas/solid fluidized bed reactor. A regenerative reaction system comprising: a main reaction fluidized bed reactor for reacting a main reaction fluid with an unreacted solid to form a main reaction product comprising a first reacted fluid and a reacted solid; a separator in communication with the primary reaction fluidized bed reactor to receive the primary reaction generating material for separating the first reacted fluid from the reacted solid; the reduced fluidized bed of claim 1 or 2 a reactor, in communication with the main reaction fluidized bed reactor to receive the reacted solid, for reacting a regenerated reaction fluid with the reacted solid to form a regenerated reaction comprising a second reacted fluid and the unreacted solid a second separator, in communication with the reduced fluidized bed reactor and the main reaction fluidized bed reactor, for separating the second reacted fluid from the unreacted solid and fluidizing from the reduced fluid The bed reactor receives the regenerated reaction forming material and provides the unreacted solid to the main reaction fluidized bed reactor. The regenerative reaction system of claim 6, wherein the main reaction fluidized bed reactor comprises: a main reaction fluid inlet disposed at a bottom end of the main reaction fluidized bed reactor, wherein the main reaction fluid enters the main a fluidized bed reactor; a first unreacted solids inlet for the unreacted solids to enter the main reaction fluidized bed reactor; and a second unreacted solids inlet for the unreacted solids to enter the main reactive fluidized bed a reactor; a reacted solids outlet disposed adjacent to a bottom end of the main reaction fluidized bed reactor for leaving the reacted solids out of the main reaction fluidized bed reactor; and a main reaction generating material outlet, set At the top of the main reaction fluidized bed reactor, the main reaction product is passed from the main reaction fluidized bed reactor. The regenerative reaction system of claim 7, wherein the first separator comprises: a first separator inlet connected to the main reaction generating material outlet, wherein the main reaction generating material enters the first separator; a separator solids outlet disposed at the bottom of the first separator for leaving the reacted solid separated by the main reaction generating material from the first separator; and a first separator fluid outlet disposed at the first The first separator inlet of the separator and the first separator solids outlet are separated from the first separator by the first reaction fluid separated by the main reaction product. The regenerative reaction system of claim 8 wherein: the first solids inlet is in communication with the reacted solids outlet for the reacted solids to enter the reduced fluidized bed reactor; the first fluid inlet is for the regeneration reaction Fluid enters the variable fluidized bed reactor; the first discharge port is for the regeneration reaction to form material leaving the reduced fluidized bed reactor. The regenerative reaction system of claim 9, wherein the second separator comprises: a second separator inlet connected to the first discharge port for the regeneration reaction to generate material into the second separator; a second separator solids outlet disposed at the bottom of the second separator, in communication with the first unreacted solids inlet, the unreacted solids separated by the regeneration reaction product leaving the second separator and entering The primary reaction fluidized bed reactor; a second separator fluid outlet disposed at a position other than the first separator inlet of the second separator and the first separator solids outlet for generating a material from the regeneration reaction The separated second reacted fluid exits the second separator. The regenerative reaction system of claim 6, wherein the first inner diameter is 2 to 10 times the second inner diameter. The regenerative reaction system of claim 6, wherein the inner diameter is a portion of the second inner diameter to form a fast fluidized bed. The regenerative reaction system of claim 6, wherein the main reaction fluidized bed reactor and the reduced fluidized bed reactor are gas/solid fluidized bed reactors. The regenerative reaction system according to claim 6, wherein the main reaction fluid is hydrogen sulfide, and the unreacted solid is selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, iron oxide, ferrous oxide, and a mixture thereof, and the regeneration reaction fluid is oxygen.