TWI664021B - Underflow equalizing plate and reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of chemical equipment, and discloses a reduced-flow equalizing tray and a reactor, wherein the reduced-flow equalizing tray includes a tray, a downfall pipe passing through the tray, and a buffer for buffering the inclined falling. The kinetic energy reducing device of the material flow, the material reducing device has a guide surface, so that the material flow falling obliquely can flow along the guide surface and fall to the tray. An overflow hole is provided on a portion above the tray, and the reduced-flow equalizing tray includes a plurality of the lowering pipes and a plurality of the reducing-offs for providing buffering and falling to the plurality of the lowering pipes. Device. The damping device can buffer the kinetic energy of the material stream and form a falling material stream, which can overcome the uneven distribution caused by the deviation of the level of the tray. In addition, the invention eliminates the impact force generated by the residual kinetic energy and avoids the phenomenon of "pushing waves".

Description

Underflow equalizing plate and reactor

The invention relates to the field of chemical equipment, in particular to an anti-impact flow equalizing plate and a reactor.

The importance and role of hydrogenation technology in the refining industry is growing. Whether the hydrogenation reaction can be operated stably, whether the hydrogenation catalyst can fully perform its role, and whether the product quality can reach high quality, depends largely on the uniformity of the distribution of the gas-liquid materials in the catalyst bed in the hydrogenation reactor. . The hydrogenation reactor is provided with an inlet diffuser, a gas-liquid distributor, a fouling basket, a catalyst bed support, a cold hydrogen tank, an outlet collector, and an inert porcelain ball. Among them, the efficiency of the catalyst is also the most important device. It is a gas-liquid distributor and a cold hydrogen tank. The function of the gas-liquid distributor is to distribute, mix, and uniformly spray gas-liquid two-phase raw materials on the surface of the catalyst bed to improve the flow state of the liquid phase in the catalyst bed. The gas-liquid distributor has macro-uniformity and micro-uniformity for the distribution of reaction materials.

The macroscopic uniformity of a gas-liquid distributor is defined as the amount of liquid phase flowing from each distributor is the same as the volume of the gas, ensuring that the material "uniformly" covers the catalyst bed. It is more difficult to achieve a higher macroscopic uniformity of liquid distribution, because the diameter of hydrogenation reactors is getting larger and larger, and the distribution trays are installed in groups, which cannot accurately guarantee the level of the distribution plate surface. Generally, the installation error will cause the distribution plate surface to tilt from 1/8 ° to 1/2 ° along the horizontal direction, and the maximum tilt can reach 3/2 °. Even if the level of the tray is high at the beginning of installation, the sub-tray tray surface will lose its level due to the combined effect of thermal expansion and the impact load of the material during operation. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve the uniformity of liquid phase macroscopic distribution by the structure of the distributor itself.

In addition, because the inlet diffuser is provided, the residual kinetic energy conveyed by the stream will generate a strong impact force; and because the material is fed at the center position through the inlet diffuser, the motion trajectory formed by the stream in the reactor head space is an inclined line The kinetic energy of the liquid on the tray of the top distributor produces a "push wave" phenomenon, which brings adverse inlet conditions to the distributor that depends on the level of the tray, even the best performing distributor, at different depths Under the condition of the liquid layer, the material cannot be evenly distributed, and the expansion of the radial temperature difference is inevitable.

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the uniformity problem of the distributor existing in the prior art, and to provide a reduced-flow equalizing plate, which can evenly distribute the material flow.

To this end, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an underflow equalizing tray, wherein the underflow equalizing tray includes a tray, a downfall pipe passing through the tray, and a material for buffering the inclined falling material. Device for reducing the kinetic energy of a flow, said reducing device having a guide surface so that the material stream falling obliquely can flow along the guide surface and fall to the tray, and the downcomer is located in the An overflow hole is provided on a portion above the tray, and the reduced-flow equalizing tray includes a plurality of the lowering tubes and a plurality of the lowering devices for providing buffering and falling to the plurality of the lowering tubes. .

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reactor, wherein the reactor includes an inlet diffuser and an underflow equalizing plate of the present invention, and the underflow equalizing plate is disposed on an upper head of the reactor. Inside or located at the upper end of the reactor barrel of the reactor, the inlet diffuser is used to feed the reduced-flow equalizing tray.

Through the above technical solution, the kinetic energy of the material flow can be buffered by the shock reduction device and / or the falling material flow can be prevented from directly entering the material falling pipe. The material flow can first land on the tray and form a certain depth of liquid layer before passing through the overflow hole. The distribution can be performed to overcome the uneven distribution caused by the deviation of the level of the tray. In addition, because the liquid stream first forms a liquid layer and then is distributed through the overflow holes, the impact force caused by residual kinetic energy is eliminated, and the phenomenon of "pushing waves" is avoided. Therefore, the shock absorbing equalizing tray of the present invention can evenly distribute the material flow.

Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a reduced-flow equalizing tray is provided, wherein the reduced-flow equalizing tray includes a tray 100, a lowering pipe 200 passing through the tray 100, and a material for buffering inclined falling materials. Flow reduction device 300 having a guide surface so that the material stream falling obliquely can flow along the guide surface and vertically fall to the tray 100, the material is reduced An overflow hole 201 is provided on a portion of the tube 200 located above the tray 100. The relief flow equalizing tray includes a plurality of the lowering tubes 200 and is used to provide a buffer for the plurality of the lowering tubes 200. A plurality of blanking devices 300 are blanked.

The shock absorbing and equalizing tray of the present invention can buffer the kinetic energy of the material flow through the shock absorbing device 300. The material flow can first flow along the guide surface and fall vertically on the tray 100 and form a liquid layer with a certain depth before passing through the overflow hole 201 to distribute, so as to overcome the uneven distribution caused by deviations in the level of the tray. In addition, because the liquid stream is first formed into a liquid layer and then distributed through the overflow hole 201, the impact force generated by the residual kinetic energy is eliminated, and the "push wave" phenomenon is avoided. Therefore, the shock absorbing equalizing tray of the present invention can evenly distribute the material flow.

In use, after the material flow enters the drop tube 200 through the overflow hole 201, it can be guided by the drop tube 200 to fall vertically. The original inclined flow pattern is converted into a vertical flow pattern, and the natural fall is achieved, which eliminates the material flow. The phenomenon of "pushing" of the liquid layer on the distribution plate located below the underflow equalizing plate. In addition, after the material flows through the buffer device 300 and is buffered, it falls on the tray 100 to form a liquid layer with a uniform depth before falling through the overflow hole 201 to the distribution tray, thereby providing a good, stable and uniform inlet condition for the distribution tray. , To achieve the fine adjustment of fluid flow and the initial distribution of materials.

Among them, there are a plurality of flushing devices 300, which can provide buffering and blanking to a plurality of lowering tubes 200. According to different embodiments of the present invention, a corresponding one of the reducing devices 300 (for example, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1) can be configured for each of the reducing tubes 200, and the same reducing device can also be configured for multiple reducing tubes 200. 300 (for example, the embodiment shown in FIG. 17). Hereinafter, various embodiments of the shock absorbing device 300 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

In order to provide buffering and blanking for the stream falling obliquely from above the downcomer 200, the shock absorbing device 300 may include a plate body 310 located above the downcomer 200 and covering an upper end of the downcomer 200. Thus, the material stream may first fall on the plate body 310, and then flow along the plate body 310 and from the edge of the plate body 310 along the side of the plate body 310 (in this case, the side surface is the guide surface, and the material flow passes through The flow along the guide surface becomes vertical and falls to the tray 100) and falls on the tray 100, thereby providing a block to the flow through the plate body 310, buffering the kinetic energy of the flow and preventing the flow from directly entering the downcomer 200 .

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, the shock reduction device 300 includes a side wall 320 extending upward from an edge of the plate body 310. In this case, the vertical side wall 320 is a guide surface. The flow becomes vertical by flowing along the guide surface. Therefore, after the material flow falls on the plate body 310 and the liquid layer accumulates to a predetermined height through the side wall 320, the material flow can fall over the side wall 320 and fall to the tray 100. With this arrangement, the kinetic energy of the material stream in addition to the vertical direction can be further eliminated, so that when the material stream falls on the tray 100, it basically has only the kinetic energy generated by natural fall.

In addition, at least a part of the top edge of the side wall 320 may be provided with a first tooth groove 321. Thus, the material stream falling on the plate body 310 can overflow and fall when it accumulates to the root height of the first tooth groove 321. By providing the first cogging 321, it is possible to better control the material flow through the first cogging 321 to uniformly overflow the flushing device 300. As shown in FIG. 2, the first tooth grooves 321 may be provided on the top edges of the side walls 320 at equal intervals, so that the blanks can be uniformly dropped along the top edges of the side walls 320.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4 to FIG. 7, FIG. 9, and FIG. 10 to FIG. 12, the relief device 300 may include an upward direction from the plate body 310. A plurality of baffle portions 330 extending and facing the falling stream, the baffle portions 330 extending from one side of the plate body 310 to the other side, and a row is formed between adjacent baffle portions 330 Material channel. Thereby, blanking at a predetermined position can be realized through a discharge channel. In this case, the side surface of the plate body portion 310 is a guide surface, and the material flow becomes vertical flow by flowing along the guide surface.

Wherein, a plurality of the baffle portions 330 may be disposed parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other to form a regular discharge channel. In addition, the baffle portion 330 extends vertically upward from the plate body 310 to avoid additional interference to the blanking and affect the blanking efficiency.

In addition, preferably, as shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 11, the baffle portion 330 is provided with a communication hole 331 penetrating the baffle portion 330 so that adjacent discharge channels communicating through the communication hole 331 can The tray 100 is blanked at substantially the same flow rate.

Among them, the relief device 300 can be installed and fixed in various suitable ways. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 to FIG. 12, the upper end of the lowering pipe 200 has a notch to have a top surface 210 and a notch surface 220 lower than the top surface 210 at the upper end. The plate body 310 is connected to the top surface 210. Therefore, on the one hand, the feeding pipe 200 can be used as the installation basis of the shock reduction device 300, and on the other hand, the gas phase channel of the stream can be formed through the gap, so that a part of the gas phase material in the stream can pass through the gap quickly. It enters the downcomer 200 without having to follow the flow from the overflow hole 201.

Alternatively, as shown in the embodiments shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, the plate body 310 is connected to the lowering pipe 200 through a first connecting member 311. In addition, there is a gap between the plate body 310 and the upper end of the lowering pipe 200 to form a gas phase channel. A part of the gas-phase material in the stream can quickly enter the lowering pipe 200 through the gap without having to follow The stream enters through the overflow hole 201.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 13 to 16, the shock reduction device 300 includes a shielding grille 340 located above the lowering pipe 200. By providing the shielding grid 340, an effect similar to that of the plate body 310 can be achieved, and the kinetic energy of the material stream can be buffered while preventing the material stream from directly entering the downcomer 200.

Wherein, the shielding grid 340 may include a plurality of grid plates 341 arranged obliquely with respect to the extending direction of the lowering pipe 200 and facing the falling material stream. The plurality of grid plates 341 are arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other. Therefore, on the one hand, the kinetic energy of the stream is buffered by the grid plate 341 and the stream is prevented from directly entering the lowering pipe 200, and on the other hand, the stream falling on the grid plate 341 can flow along the grid plate 341 and pass from the grid. The edge of the grid plate 341 naturally falls on the tray 100. In this case, the plate surface of the grille plate 341 is a guide surface, and the material flow becomes vertical flow by flowing down the guide surface to the edge of the grille plate 314 naturally.

For ease of installation, as shown in FIG. 15, the shielding grille 340 includes a connecting rod 342 connecting a plurality of the grille plates 341, so that by installing and adjusting the connecting rods 342, the grille plate 341 can be integrally installed and adjusted. Its positioning.

Among them, because the material stream falling on the grille plate 341 needs to flow obliquely along the grille plate 341 for a certain distance, when falling from the edge of the grille plate 341, it has speed and kinetic energy other than the vertical direction. By rationally setting the size and the inclination angle of the grille plate 341, it is possible to reduce such undesired kinetic energy as much as possible while buffering the blanking. Specifically, the connecting rod 342 may be arranged parallel to the tray 100 level, and the included angle α between the grid plate 341 and the connecting rod 342 may be 10 ° to 170 °, and preferably 20 ° to 45 °. The width B of the grid plate 341 is 10 to 200 mm, and preferably 50 to 120 mm. The interval L between adjacent grid plates 341 is 10 to 300 mm, and preferably 50 to 150 mm.

Similarly, the lowering pipe 200 can be used as a basis for installing the shock reduction device 300, and the shielding grid 340 is connected to the lowering pipe 200 through a second connection member 343. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 14, the connecting rod 342 is connected to the lowering pipe 200 through the second connecting member 343, but a part of the grille plate 341 may be connected to the lowering pipe 200 through the second connecting member 343. In addition, there is a gap between the shielding grid 340 and the upper end of the lowering pipe 200 to form a gas phase passage, and a part of the gas-phase material in the stream can quickly enter the lowering pipe 200 through the gap without the need for Follow the flow from the overflow hole 201 to enter.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the anti-shock device 300 is mainly used to buffer the kinetic energy of the material flow, especially the kinetic energy of the material material except for the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 17 to FIG. 20, the shock reduction device 300 includes a plurality of cylindrical members 350 that are sequentially nested. The bottom of the cylindrical members 350 is connected to the disk surface of the tray 100. The feed tube 200 is disposed between the adjacent tubular members 350, and the top of the tubular members 350 is higher than the upper end of the feed tube 200. As a result, when the stream falls, it first hits the cylindrical member 350 and eliminates the kinetic energy, and then slides down the tray 100 along the side wall (guide surface) of the cylindrical member 350 onto the tray 100. After the liquid layer of a predetermined thickness is accumulated, The stream flows into the downcomer 200 through the overflow hole 201. It can be understood that, because the top of the cylindrical member 350 is higher than the upper end of the lowering pipe 200, the lowering pipe 200 can be provided with a shielding function by the cylindrical member 350, and the material stream can be substantially prevented from directly falling into the lowering pipe 200.

Among them, in order to avoid increasing kinetic energy other than the vertical direction when guiding the material material to slide downward along the sidewall of the cylindrical member 350, the cylindrical member 350 is disposed perpendicular to the disk surface.

In addition, preferably, the cylindrical wall of the cylindrical member 350 is provided with a through hole 351 penetrating through the cylindrical wall to allow fluid communication between the cylindrical members 350 nested with each other, so as to be located in different cylindrical members. The streams between 350 can enter the corresponding downcomers 200 at substantially the same flow rate.

In order to form a uniform liquid layer on the tray 100, the through holes 351 are multiple and are arranged along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical member 350. In addition, the height of the through hole 351 may correspond to the height of the overflow hole 201 to ensure that the liquid layers at different positions of the lowering tubes 200 are the same in time.

In order to provide a good buffer blanking function, the size of the cylindrical member 350 can be reasonably designed. For example, the distance between two adjacent cylindrical members 350 is 0.5 to 1.5 times the height of the cylindrical member 350, and preferably 0.8 to 1.1. Times.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the shock reduction device 300 may include a shock reduction plate 360 disposed on a side of the downcomer tube 200 facing the falling material, and a top of the shock reduction plate 360 is higher than that of the shock reduction plate 360. The upper end of the lowering pipe 200 is described. When the material flow falls, it will first hit the reducer plate 360 (the plate surface of the reducer plate 360 is the guide surface) and slide along the reducer plate 360 onto the tray 100, and then enter the lowering pipe 200 through the overflow hole 201 .

Since the reducing plate 360 is disposed on the side of the falling pipe 200 facing the falling material, the reducing plate 360 plays a role of buffering the kinetic energy of the inclined falling material flow on the one hand, and can shield the falling pipe 200 to the other. Avoid the material stream falling directly into the downcomer 200.

Wherein, in order to avoid increasing kinetic energy other than the vertical direction when guiding the material material to slide down the damping plate 360, preferably, the damping plate 360 is arranged perpendicular to the disc surface of the tray.

In order to provide a shielding effect to the lowering pipe 200, the punching plate 360 may be fixed on the top of the lowering pipe 200.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 21 to 23, the shock reduction plate 360 is a flat plate 361. According to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 24 to FIG. 28, the punching plate 360 is a first bending plate 362 that encloses the lowering pipe 200. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 21 to FIG. 28, the overflow hole 201 may be provided at any position of the downfall pipe 200. After the material stream hits the flat plate 361 or the first bending plate 362, it will follow the flat plate 361 or The first bending plate 362 flows downward to accumulate a liquid layer and flows into the downcomer 200 when passing through the overflow hole 201.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 29 to FIG. 33, the shock reduction plate 360 is a second bending plate 363 for sandwiching the lowering pipe 200. A guide surface 363a for guiding the material flow inward is formed at an end of the bent edge, and the overflow hole 201 is provided on a part of the lowering pipe 200 facing away from the second bent plate 363. The upper end of the folding plate 363 is not lower than the upper end of the lowering pipe 200. Therefore, when the material flow falls, it first hits the second bending plate 363 and flows down the tray 100 along the second bending plate 363. Then, the material flow is guided toward the second bending by the guide surface 363a. The space enclosed by the plate 363 flows in the space and flows into the downcomer 200 from the overflow hole 201 of the downcomer 200.

The upper end of the second bending plate 363 is not lower than the upper end of the lowering pipe 200, that is, the upper end of the second bending plate 363 may be flush with the upper end of the lowering pipe 200 or higher than the upper end of the lowering pipe 200. When it is higher than the upper end of the downcomer 200, the second bending plate 363 can not only provide the effect of buffering kinetic energy, but also can cover the upper end of the downcomer 200 to prevent the material flow from directly falling into the downcomer 200. effect.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 34 to FIG. 37, the shock reduction device 300 includes a shock reduction tube 370 sleeved on the outer side of the upper part of the lowering pipe 200. The top is higher than the top of the downcomer 200, and there is a lateral gap between the reduction tube 370 and the downcomer 200. As a result, when the material flow falls, it will hit the reducer cylinder 370 and slide down the tray 100 along the side wall (guide surface) of the reducer cylinder 370, and then enter the lowering pipe 200 from the overflow hole 201.

In particular, since the reducer cylinder 370 is set on the outer side of the upper portion of the lowering tube 200, which is equivalent to the extension of the lowering tube 200, the material flow is basically blocked by the reducer 370 and slides along the side wall of the reducer 370. Even the flow entering the inside of the reducer 370 will be blocked along the inner wall of the reducer 370, and will pass through the lateral gap between the reducer 370 and the downcomer 200 to fall to the tower. On the tray 100, the situation in which the material flows directly into the lowering pipe 200 is basically avoided. In addition, by providing a lateral gap between the reducing drum 370 and the downcomer 200, a gas-phase passage can be formed, and a part of the gas-phase material in the stream can pass through the gap and quickly enter from the upper end of the downcomer 200. The downcomer 200 does not need to follow the flow to enter from the overflow hole 201.

The reducing cylinder 370 may be fixed to the lowering pipe 200 through a third connecting member 371. The third connecting member 371 may be in various suitable forms, such as a rod shape, as long as it can connect the relief tube 370 and the downfall tube 200 and maintain a lateral gap therebetween.

In addition, preferably, a second tooth groove may be provided on an upper end edge of the damping cylinder 370. By providing the second cogging, when buffering the stream falling obliquely from above, part of the stream can hit the outer wall of one side of the reducer cylinder 370 and fall along the outer wall, and the other part passes through the second cogging The interdental gap hits the inner wall of the other side of the reducer cylinder 370 and falls along the inner wall, so that the portion of the stream that can be buffered is along the diameter separating the above side and the other side of the reducer cylinder 370. It is alternately divided into two parts blocked by the outer wall and blocked by the inner wall, and in the two parts blocked by the outer wall and blocked by the inner wall, the material stream also falls laterally at intervals, reducing the impact on the liquid layer on the tray 100 .

In the present embodiment, the reducing drum 370 may be connected to the upper end of the lowering pipe 200 or may partially overlap with the upper portion of the lowering pipe 200 in the axial direction. By appropriately setting the radial size of the reduction drum 370 and the size of the portion higher than the downfall pipe 200, the above-mentioned buffering blanking effect can be ensured.

In addition, preferably, the downcomer 200 of the present invention may have a structure with a filtering function, so as to provide a pre-filtering effect on the stream entering the downcomer 200 through the overflow hole 201. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the lowering pipe 200 may be formed by a mesh filter, and the mesh of the mesh filter may be used as the overflow hole 201. Optionally, for ease of maintenance, the lowering pipe 200 may include a pipe body 230 and a filter screen 240 covering the outer periphery of the pipe body 230. The overflow hole 201 is disposed on the pipe body 230, and the filter screen 240 can cover the overflow hole 201. Therefore, when the filter 240 is clogged, the filter 240 can be replaced or removed to clean it. In order to facilitate installation and maintenance, the filter screen 240 can be made of a ring-shaped member attached to the pipe body 230 by an elastic material, and the installation and removal can be completed by the radial elastic deformation of the ring-shaped member.

In addition, in order to facilitate installation, the tray 100 may be set as an assembly. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 4, FIG. 10, FIG. 13, FIG. 17, FIG. 21, FIG. 24, FIG. 29, and FIG. The tray 100 includes a plurality of tray portions 110. The plurality of tray portions 110 form a tray surface of the tray by a joint 120. The tray 100 further includes a support member 130 that supports the tray surface.

In addition, in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1, 4, 10, 13, 21, 24, 29, and 34, the one-on-one reduction device 300 and the lowering tube 200 may correspond to each other. So as to provide buffer blanking for all the downcomers 200. Wherein, the downcomer tubes 200 and the corresponding reduction devices 300 may be distributed on the tray 100 with an appropriate rule. For example, the downcomers 200 and the corresponding reduction devices 300 may be arranged in a triangle, a quadrangle, or a circle. Among them, preferably, in order to cover the area above the tray 100 as much as possible with as few damping devices 300 as possible, the downfall pipe 200 and the corresponding damping device 300 may be arranged in a regular triangle.

In order to allow the material stream falling on the tray 100 to enter the downcomer 200 through the overflow hole 201, the position of the overflow hole 201 can be set accordingly, and the edge of the tray can be provided with a folded edge 140 that is bent upward. To form the desired liquid layer. The center line of the overflow hole 201 is 5 to 100 mm from the upper surface of the tray 100, preferably 30 to 50 mm, and the height of the folded edge 140 is 5 to 100 mm, preferably 30 to 50 mm.

In addition, in order to ensure that a desired flow rate and a flow rate are provided through the downcomer 200, the size of the overflow hole 201 may be set. For example, the total cross-sectional area of the overflow hole 201 of each downcomer 200 is 10% to 100%, preferably 30% to 50%, of the cross-sectional area of the downcomer 200. In addition, the diameter of the downcomer 200 is 10 to 200 mm, and preferably 20 to 110 mm. The height of the lowering pipe 200 is 20 to 300 mm, and preferably 50 to 120 mm.

For different implementations, specific structures and parameters can be designed as needed. specific:

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the cross-sectional area of the plate body 310 may be 1 to 10 times, and preferably 2 to 5 times, the cross-sectional area of the downcomer 200. The plate body 310 has a disc-shaped structure or a polygonal structure, and specifically may be a diamond-shaped structure, a triangular disc-shaped structure, a square structure, or a trapezoidal disc-shaped structure, preferably a disc-shaped structure with a diameter of 40 to 300 mm, and preferably 60 ~ 120mm. A gap exists between the lowermost edge of the plate body 310 and the uppermost edge of the downcomer 200 to form the gas-phase passage described above, and the gap may be 5 to 200 mm, preferably 10 to 50 mm. The height of the side wall 320 of the plate body 310 is 5 to 80 mm, preferably 30 to 50 mm; the shape of the first tooth groove 321 is triangular, quadrangular, or arc-shaped, preferably triangular. The height of the first cogging 321 is 5% to 100% of the height of the side wall 320, and preferably 30% to 60%.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the height of the baffle portion 330 is 5-200 mm, preferably 30-80 mm, and the distance between adjacent baffle portions 330 is 5-100 mm, preferably 20-80 mm. The bottom edge of the baffle portion 330 is seamlessly connected to the upper surface of the plate body 310, or a communication hole 331 is provided at the lower edge of the baffle portion 330. The center line of the communication hole 331 is not higher than the top surface of the plate body 310. 30% of the height of the plate portion 330. The communication holes 331 opened on the two adjacent baffle portions 330 are staggered to prevent all communication holes 331 from being arranged in a straight line, which will cause the material flow to flow along the line and the resulting uneven distribution. . The shape of the communication hole 331 is a polygon (specifically, a triangle, a quadrangle), a semicircle, or a circle, and is preferably a semicircle. The vertical line of the center point in the length direction of the baffle portion 330 is perpendicular to the center line of the downcomer 200 and crosses it. There is a gap between the lower surface of the plate body 310 and the uppermost edge of the downcomer 200, and the gap is 10 to 200 mm, preferably 30 to 80 mm. The centerline of the shock reduction device 300 coincides with or does not coincide with the axis of the downcomer 200, and preferably coincides. The downfall pipe 200 may be made of a Jensen net, or a metal pipe body 230 wrapped with a filter 240, and the filter 240 is provided in more than one layer. When the downfall pipe 200 is made of Jensen net, the gap between the slits is 0.01 ~ 0.1mm, preferably 0.05 ~ 0.8mm; when the downfall pipe 200 is made of a pipe body 230 wrapped with a filter screen 240, the pipe body An overflow hole 201 is provided on 230, and the opening ratio is 1 to 25%, preferably 15 to 20%. The number of filters 240 mesh is 20 to 300 mesh, preferably 50 to 120 mesh.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the structure and parameters of the shock reduction device 300 are similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4. The upper end of the lowering pipe 200 is provided with an oblique cut notch to form an oval cross section. The upper end notch cross section is at an angle with the horizontal plane. It is 5 ° to 70 °, and preferably 20 ° to 45 °.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the overall horizontal projection shape of the shielding grid 340 is a quadrangle or a circle (for example, cut by a quadrangle). In the case of a circular shape, the horizontal projection diameter of the grid plate 341 is 40 to 300 mm, and preferably 60 to 120 mm. The shielding grid 340 includes a grid plate 341 and a connecting rod 342. A plurality of grid plates 341 are connected together through the connecting rod 342. The connecting rod 342 extends horizontally. The angle α between the grid plate 341 and the connecting rod 342 is 10 ° to 170 °, preferably 20 ° to 45 °. The width of the grille plate 341 is 10 to 200 mm, preferably 50 to 120 mm; the interval between adjacent grille plates 341 is 10 to 300 mm, and preferably 50 to 150 mm.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 17, the cylindrical member 350 may be arranged on the tray 100 in a concentric form. The number of layers of the cylindrical member 350 is 2 to 30, preferably 8 to 20; the height of the cylindrical member 350 10 to 400 mm, preferably 80 to 200 mm; a plurality of through holes 351 are provided at the lower edge of the tubular member 350, and the through holes 351 may be semicircular, circular, quadrangular, inverted triangle, and preferably a semicircular structure; The total cross-sectional area of the through-hole 351 provided in each layer of the tubular member 350 is 0.5 to 1.8 times, preferably 0.8 to 1.2 times, the cross-sectional area of the inlet tube of the applied reactor. The circumferential distance between the two through holes 351 is 30 mm to 200 mm, preferably 50 mm to 120 mm; the radial distance between two adjacent through holes 351 is 0.5 to 1.5 times the height of the through holes 351, and preferably 0.8 to 1.1 times.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 21, the surge reducing plate 360 is an elongated plate with a width of 20 to 300 mm, preferably 80 to 200 mm; and the elongated plate has a length of 50 to 300 mm, preferably 80 to 220 mm.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 24, the relief plate 360 is a symmetrically bent plate shape, and the included angle of the relief plate 360 is generally 15 ° to 180 °, preferably 90 ° to 120 °; The side length is generally 20 mm to 200 mm, preferably 60 mm to 120 mm; the height of the relief plate 360 is generally 30 mm to 200 mm, and preferably 60 mm to 120 mm. The bottom edge of the blowdown plate 360 is connected to the upper edge of the downcomer tube 200, and may also be partially overlapped with the downcomer tube 200. When the bottom edge of the blowdown plate 360 is overlapped with the lowering pipe 200, the overlapping portion may be 10% to 100% of the height of the lowering pipe 200, and preferably 5% to 20%. When the center plane of the included angle of the shock reduction plate 360 passes through the center line of the lowering pipe 200.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 29, the relief plate 360 is a symmetrically bent plate shape, and the included angle of the relief plate 360 is generally 15 ° to 180 °, preferably 90 ° to 120 °. The side length is generally 20 mm to 200 mm, and preferably 60 mm to 120 mm. The upper edge of the reducer plate 360 is flush with or slightly higher than the upper edge of the lowering pipe 200, and the height of the excess portion usually does not exceed 30% of the height of the lowering pipe 200 (above the tray). In the present invention, the upper edge of the shock reduction plate 360 is generally not higher than the upper end surface of the lowering pipe 200 by 60 mm. When the upper edge of the shock reduction plate 360 is higher than the upper edge of the downcomer tube 200, the bottom edge of the shock reduction plate 360 is usually attached to the upper surface of the tray 100. The center plane of the included angle of the relief plate 360 passes through the center line of the downcomer 200.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 34, the height of the reducer 370 is generally 30 to 400 mm, preferably 100 to 300 mm; the diameter of the reducer 370 is generally 30 to 260 mm, and preferably 80 to 150 mm. The upper edge opening of the relief cylinder 370 is preferably further provided with a second cogging, and the shape of the second cogging is triangular, rectangular, or arc-shaped, preferably triangular. The height of the second tooth groove is 1% to 20%, and preferably 2% to 10%. There is a gap (for example, concentrically disposed) between the reducing cylinder 370 and the downcomer tube 200 in the horizontal direction, which is used as a gas phase channel. The gap width is generally 5 to 200 mm, and preferably 10 to 50 mm. The cross-sectional area of the reducer 370 is 1 to 8 times, and preferably 2 to 6 times, the cross-sectional area of the 200 lowering pipe. The bottom edge of the reducer cylinder 370 is connected to the upper edge of the reducer pipe 200, and may also be arranged overlapping with the reducer pipe 200 to strengthen the installation strength of the reducer cylinder 370 and reduce the overall height of the reducer 300 and the reducer 200. When the reducing drum 370 partially overlaps the downcomer 200, the overlap height is generally 5% to 30% of the height of the downcomer 200, and preferably 10% to 25%.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reactor, wherein the reactor includes an inlet diffuser and an underflow equalizing plate of the present invention, and the underflow equalizing plate is disposed on an upper head of the reactor. Inside or located at the upper end of the reactor barrel of the reactor, the inlet diffuser is used to feed the reduced-flow equalizing tray.

The inclined falling material stream provided by the inlet diffuser first falls on the tray 100 and forms a liquid layer with a certain depth, and then is distributed through the overflow hole 201, so that the uneven distribution caused by the deviation of the level of the tray can be overcome. In addition, because the liquid stream is first formed into a liquid layer and then distributed through the overflow hole 201, the impact force generated by the residual kinetic energy is eliminated, and the "push wave" phenomenon is avoided. Therefore, the reactor of the present invention can evenly distribute the material flow through the reduced-flow equalizing disk, thereby improving the efficiency of subsequent reactions.

In addition, in order to evenly distribute the stream at the upstream position of the reactor as much as possible, the reduced-flow equalization tray is located at the upper end of the reactor barrel of the reactor and above the topmost distribution tray of the reactor.

The reactor of the present invention may be of various suitable types as long as it has an inlet diffuser or a stream having an inclined drop, for example, the reactor may be a hydrogenation reactor.

The advantages of the reactor of the present invention will be described below with reference to examples and comparative examples.

Comparative Example 1

A hydrogenation reactor is used. The diameter of the reactor is 3.2m. The upper head is idle. The top distribution tray is provided with a top distribution tray. The top distribution tray uses a conventional ERI bubble cap gas-liquid in the field. the dispenser, coker feedstock is hydrogenated gasoline fraction, FGH-21 type catalyst hydrotreating catalyst Fushun Research Institute of petroleum production, the process conditions of the reactor are: hydrogen partial pressure 2.0MPa, LHSV 2.0h ^{- 1. The} hydrogen oil volume ratio is 300: 1, and the reactor inlet temperature is 280 ° C.

Example 1

Compared with Comparative Example 1, in Example 1 of the present invention, the upper head of the hydrogenation reactor is provided with a surge reduction device 300 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 of the present invention, and is compared with a common ERI bubble cap gas-liquid The tray of the distributor and the lowering pipe are used in combination, and an overflow hole 201 is opened in the lowering pipe 200. The parameters of the shock absorbing device 300 are: the plate body 310 is a disc-shaped structure with a diameter of 120 mm; the height of the side wall 320 is 30 mm; The height is 30% of the height of the side wall 320. The gap between the bottom edge of the plate body 310 and the upper edge of the lowering pipe 200 is 40mm; the number of the punching device 300 and the lowering pipe 200 is the same, and the centerline of the plate 310 coincides with the centerline of the lowering pipe 200, and the plate 310 The cross-sectional area is twice the 200 cross-sectional area of the downcomer.

Example 2

It is the same as Example 1, except that the conventional ERI-type gas-liquid distributor in the art in the original hydrogenation reactor is eliminated, and the reduced-flow equalizing disc of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is used. Cut down The height of the tube 200 is 120mm; two circular overflow holes 201 are provided on the wall of the downcomer 200 in a horizontal direction. The total cross-sectional area of the overflow hole 201 is 30% of the cross-sectional area of the downcomer 200; the overflow hole 201 The center line is 50 mm from the upper surface of the tray 100, and the height of the folded edge 140 is 50 mm. The tray 100 is assembled from 9 tray sections 110, and each tray section 110 is provided with two lowering tubes 200 and a corresponding shock reduction device 300. The downcomer 200 and the corresponding anti-impact device 300 are arranged in a triangle on the tray 100.

The radial temperatures and temperature differences of the beds in Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1, where the positions of points a-e are shown in FIG. 38.

Comparative Example 2

The difference from Comparative Example 1 is that the reactor diameter is 4.6m, and the catalyst is a FH-5A hydrofining catalyst produced by Fushun Petrochemical Research Institute. The process conditions of the reactor are: hydrogen partial pressure 6.5MPa, volume The space velocity is 1.5h ^-1 , the hydrogen oil volume ratio is 400: 1, and the reactor inlet temperature is 320 ° C.

Example 3

Compared with Comparative Example 2, in the third embodiment of the present invention, a surge reduction device 300 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 of the present invention is provided in the upper head of the hydrogenation reactor, and is compared with a common ERI bubble cap gas-liquid The tray of the distributor is used in combination with the lowering pipe, and the lowering pipe is provided with an overflow hole. The parameters of the shock reduction device 300 are: the plate body 310 is a disc-shaped structure with a diameter of 120 mm; the height of the baffle portion 330 is 50 mm; the distance between adjacent baffle portions 330 is 80 mm; and the communication hole 331 is The diameter of the semi-circular opening is in a vertical direction. The distance between the center of the opening and the plate body 310 is 20% of the height of the baffle portion 330. The communication holes 331 on the two adjacent baffle portions 330 are at a level. Staggered. The gap between the bottom edge of the plate body 310 and the upper edge of the lowering pipe 200 is 30 mm; the number of the punching devices 300 and the lowering pipes 200 is the same, and the centerline of the plate 310 coincides with the centerline of the lowering pipe 200. Example 4

It is the same as Example 3, except that the conventional ERI type gas-liquid distributor in the art in the original hydrogenation reactor is eliminated, and the reduced-flow equalizing disk of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is used. The height of the downcomer 200 is 300mm; the downcomer 200 is made of Jensen net with a diameter of 80mm and a gap of 0.2mm; the height of the folded edge 140 is 50mm. The tray 100 is assembled from 9 tray sections 110, and each tray section 110 is provided with two lowering tubes 200 and a corresponding shock reduction device 300. The downcomer 200 and the corresponding anti-impact device 300 are arranged in a triangle on the tray 100. Example 5

The same as Embodiment 3, except that the lowering pipe is made of a metal pipe body 230 and an outer filter screen 240. An overflow hole 201 is opened on the pipe body 230, and the opening rate is 15%. The pipe body 230 Wrap two layers of filter 240, and the number of filters 240 is 100.

The radial temperatures and temperature differences of the beds in Examples 3-5 and Comparative Example 2 are shown in Table 2, where the position of the ae point is shown in FIG. 38. Table 2 Comparative Example 3

The difference from Comparative Example 1 is that the reactor diameter is 4.6m, the hydrogenation raw material is diesel, the diesel density is 860kg / m ³ , the sulfur content is 1.7% by weight, and the catalyst grade is RS-2000 type hydrorefining catalyst. The process conditions of the reactor are: hydrogen partial pressure of 6.8 MPa (G), volumetric space velocity of 1.9 h ^-1 , hydrogen oil volume ratio of 400: 1, and reactor inlet temperature of 365 ° C. Example 6

Compared with Comparative Example 3, in Example 6 of the present invention, the upper head of the hydrogenation reactor is provided with a surge reduction device 300 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 of the present invention, and is compared with a common ERI bubble cap gas-liquid The tray of the distributor is used in combination with the lowering pipe, and the lowering pipe is provided with an overflow hole. The parameters of the shock absorbing device 300 are: the plate body 310 is a disc-shaped structure with a diameter of 120 mm; the height of the baffle portion 330 is 50 mm; the distance between adjacent baffle portions 330 is 80 mm, and the baffle portion 330 A communication hole 331 in the form of a gap is provided between the bottom of the panel and the top of the plate body 310, and the height of the gap is 20 mm. An oblong cutout is formed at the upper end of the lowering pipe 200 by oblique cutting, and the cross section of the notch is 45 ° from the horizontal plane. The number of the reducing devices 300 and the lowering pipes 200 is the same, and the center line of the plate 310 is the same as the lowering pipe 200. The centerlines coincide. Example 7

It is the same as Example 6, except that the conventional ERI-type gas-liquid distributor in the art in the original hydrogenation reactor was eliminated, and the reduced-flow equalizing disk of the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 was used. The height of the downcomer 200 is 100mm; at a diameter of 50mm, two circular overflow holes 201 are provided in a horizontal direction on the wall of the downcomer 200. The total cross-sectional area of the overflow hole 201 is the 30%; the center line of the overflow hole 201 is 30 mm from the upper surface of the tray 100; the height of the folded edge 140 is 50 mm. The tray 100 is assembled from 9 tray sections 110, and each tray section 110 is provided with two lowering tubes 200 and a corresponding shock reduction device 300. The downcomer 200 and the corresponding anti-impact device 300 are arranged in a triangle on the tray 100.

The radial temperatures and temperature differences of the beds in Examples 6, 7 and Comparative Example 3 are shown in Table 3, where the position of the ae point is shown in FIG. 38. Table 3 Comparative Example 4

The difference from Comparative Example 1 is that the reactor diameter is 3.0m, the hydrogenation raw material is gasoline fraction, and the catalyst is FGH-21 type hydrorefining catalyst produced by Fushun Petrochemical Research Institute. The process conditions of the reactor are: The operating pressure is 1.85 MPa, the volumetric space velocity is 2.5 h ^-1 , the hydrogen oil volume ratio is 355: 1, and the reactor inlet temperature is 285 ° C. Example 9

Compared with Comparative Example 4, in Example 9 of the present invention, the upper head of the hydrogenation reactor is provided with a flushing device 300 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 of the present invention, and is compared with a common ERI bubble cap gas-liquid The tray of the distributor is used in combination with the lowering pipe, and the lowering pipe is provided with an overflow hole. The parameters of the shock reduction device 300 are: there is a space between the lower surface of the grille and the uppermost edge of the downfall tube, and the height of the space is 50 mm. Each shielding grid 340 includes six grid plates 341 and one connecting rod 342. The grid plates 341 are arranged in parallel in a horizontal direction, and the grid plates 341 are inclined, and the inclination angle with respect to the horizontal plane is 30 °. The cross section of the grid plate 341 is rectangular and the width is 100 mm; the distance between adjacent grid shielding grids 340 is 100 mm. Example 10

It is the same as Example 9, except that the ERI type gas-liquid distributor is eliminated, and the reduced-flow equalizing plate of the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 is used. The height of the downcomer 200 is 120mm, and two circular overflow holes 201 are provided on the wall of the downcomer 200 in a horizontal direction. The total cross-sectional area of the overflow hole 201 is 30% of the cross-sectional area of the downcomer 200; The center line of the overflow hole 201 is 50 mm away from the tray 100. The height of the folded edge 140 is 50 mm. The tray 100 is assembled from 9 tray sections 110, and each tray section 110 is provided with two lowering tubes 200 and a corresponding shock reduction device 300. The downcomer 200 and the corresponding anti-impact device 300 are arranged in a triangle on the tray 100.

The radial temperatures and temperature differences of the beds in Examples 9, 10 and Comparative Example 4 are shown in Table 4, where the position of the ae point is shown in FIG. 38. Table 4 Comparative Example 5

The difference from Comparative Example 1 is that the diameter of the reactor is 4.6m, the hydrogenation raw material is diesel, and the catalyst is FH-5A type hydrorefining catalyst produced by Fushun Petrochemical Research Institute. The process conditions of the reactor are : Hydrogen partial pressure 6.5MPa, volumetric space velocity 1.5h ^-1 , hydrogen oil volume ratio 400: 1, reactor inlet temperature 320 ℃. Example 11

Compared with Comparative Example 5, in Example 11 of the present invention, a flushing device 300 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 17 of the present invention is provided in the upper head of the hydrogenation reactor, and is compared with a common ERI bubble cap gas-liquid The tray of the distributor is used in combination with the lowering pipe, and the lowering pipe is provided with an overflow hole. The parameters of the shock reducing device 300 are: the cylindrical members 350 are concentrically arranged and fixed to the tray by welding, and the height of the cylindrical members 350 is 80mm; The total cross-sectional area of the through-hole 351 opened by the tubular member 350 is 0.8 times the cross-sectional area of the inlet tube of the reactor; the circumferential distance between two adjacent through-holes 351 on each tubular member 350 is 50 mm; between adjacent tubular members 350 The radial distance is 0.8 times the height of the tubular member 350. Example 12

It is the same as Example 11, except that the ERI type gas-liquid distributor is eliminated, and the reduced-flow equalizing plate of the embodiment shown in FIG. 17 is used. The height of the downcomer 200 is 120mm; two circular overflow holes 201 are provided in the horizontal direction on the wall of the downcomer 200, and the total cross-sectional area of the overflow hole 201 is 30% of the cross-sectional area of the downcomer 200; the overflow The centerline of the hole 201 is 50 mm away from the tray 100. The height of the folded edge 140 is 50 mm. The tray 100 is assembled from 9 tray sections 110, and each tray section 110 is provided with two lowering tubes 200 and a corresponding shock reduction device 300. The downcomer 200 and the corresponding anti-impact device 300 are arranged in a triangle on the tray 100.

The radial temperatures and temperature differences of the beds in Examples 11, 12 and Comparative Example 5 are shown in Table 5, where the position of the ae point is shown in FIG. 38. Table 5 Comparative Example 6

The difference from Comparative Example 1 is that the reactor diameter is 4.6m, the hydrogenation raw material is diesel, the diesel density is 860kg / m ³ , the sulfur content is 1.7%, the catalyst grade is RS-2000 type hydrorefining catalyst, and the process conditions are : Hydrogen partial pressure of 6.8 MPa (G), volumetric space velocity of 1.9 h ^-1 , hydrogen oil volume ratio of 400: 1, and reactor inlet temperature of 365 ° C. Example 13

Compared with Comparative Example 6, in Example 13 of the present invention, a flushing device 300 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 21 of the present invention is provided in the upper head of the hydrogenation reactor, and is compared with a common ERI bubble cap gas-liquid The tray of the distributor is used in combination with the lowering pipe, and the lowering pipe is provided with an overflow hole. The parameters of the shock absorbing device 300 are: the height of the shock absorbing plate 360 is 40% of the total height of the shock absorbing plate 360 and the downfall pipe 200, and the width of the shock absorbing plate 360 is 50 mm and the length is 80 mm. Example 14

It is the same as Example 13, except that the ERI type gas-liquid distributor is eliminated, and the reduced-flow equalizing plate of the embodiment shown in FIG. 21 is used. The height of the downcomer 200 is 50mm; two circular overflow holes 201 are provided on the wall of the downcomer 200 in a horizontal direction, and the total cross-sectional area of the overflow hole 201 is 30% of the cross-sectional area of the downcomer 200; the overflow The centerline of the hole 201 is 40 mm from the tray 100. The height of the folded edge 140 is 50 mm. The tray 100 is assembled from 9 tray sections 110, and each tray section 110 is provided with two lowering tubes 200 and a corresponding shock reduction device 300. The downcomer 200 and the corresponding anti-impact device 300 are arranged in a triangle on the tray 100.

The radial temperatures and temperature differences of the beds in Examples 13, 14 and Comparative Example 6 are shown in Table 6, where the position of the ae point is shown in FIG. 38. Table 6 Comparative Example 7

The difference from Comparative Example 1 is that the reactor diameter is 4.6m, the hydrogenation raw material is diesel, the diesel density is 860kg / m ³ , the sulfur content is 1.7%, the catalyst grade is RS-2000 type hydrorefining catalyst, and the process conditions are : Hydrogen partial pressure of 6.8 MPa (G), volumetric space velocity of 1.9 h ^-1 , hydrogen oil volume ratio of 400: 1, and reactor inlet temperature of 365 ° C. Example 15

Compared with Comparative Example 7, in Example 15 of the present invention, a flushing device 300 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 24 of the present invention is provided in the upper head of the hydrogenation reactor, and is compared with a common ERI bubble cap gas-liquid The tray of the distributor is used in combination with the lowering pipe, and the lowering pipe is provided with an overflow hole. The parameters of the shock reduction device 300 are: the included angle of the shock reduction plate 360 is 120 °; the shock reduction plate 360 is symmetrically bent with a total side length of 120 mm; and the height of the shock reduction plate 360 is 60 mm. The reducing plate 360 is partially overlapped with the lowering pipe 200, and the overlapping portion is 20% of the height of the lowering pipe 200. Example 16

It is the same as Example 15, except that the ERI type gas-liquid distributor is eliminated, and the reduced-flow equalizing plate of the embodiment shown in FIG. 24 is used. The height of the downcomer 200 is 120mm. Two circular overflow holes 201 are provided in the horizontal direction on the wall of the downcomer 200. The total cross-sectional area of the overflow hole 201 is 30% of the cross-sectional area of the downcomer 200; the overflow The centerline of the hole 201 is 50 mm away from the tray 100. The height of the folded edge 140 is 50 mm. The tray 100 is assembled from 9 tray sections 110, and each tray section 110 is provided with two lowering tubes 200 and a corresponding shock reduction device 300. The downcomer 200 and the corresponding anti-impact device 300 are arranged in a triangle on the tray 100.

The radial temperatures and temperature differences of the beds in Examples 15, 16 and Comparative Example 7 are shown in Table 7, where the position of the ae point is shown in FIG. 38. Table 7 Comparative Example 8

It differs from Comparative Example 1 in that the reactor has a diameter of 4.6 m and includes three catalyst beds. The first and second catalyst beds use the existing uniformly-opened liquid-jetting tray between the cold hydrogen tank and the redistribution tray, that is, the flat-tower sieve tray structure; also between the second and third catalyst beds The flat hydrogen sieve tray structure is also used between the cold hydrogen tank and the redistribution tray. The tray has uniformly distributed circular holes with a diameter of 3mm, and the tray opening ratio is 8%. The hydrogenation raw material is wax oil (sulfur content 2.0wt%), the catalyst is a 3936 hydrotreating catalyst, and the process conditions are: hydrogen partial pressure 9.0MPa (G), volumetric space velocity 1.5h ^-1 , and hydrogen oil volume ratio 700 : 1, reactor inlet temperature is 260 ° C. Example 17

Compared with Comparative Example 8, in the embodiment 17 of the present invention, the flattened sieve tray hole structure is replaced by the reduced-flow equalizing plate shown in FIG. 29. The parameters of the reduced-flow equalizing plate are: the included angle of the reducing plate 360 is 90 °, The shock reduction plate 360 is symmetrically bent, and the total side length is 60mm. The height of the reducer plate 360 is equal to the height of the lowering tube 200 protruding above the tray 100. The included central surface of the reducer plate 360 passes through the axis of the lowering tube 200, and the height of the lowering tube 200 is 60 mm. Two circular overflow holes 201 are arranged in the horizontal direction on the wall of the downcomer 200, and the total cross-sectional area of the overflow hole 201 is 30% of the cross-sectional area of the downcomer 200; the center line of the overflow hole 201 is away from the tray 100 20mm. The height of the folded edge 140 is 50 mm. The tray 100 is assembled from 9 tray sections 110, and each tray section 110 is provided with two lowering tubes 200 and a corresponding shock reduction device 300. The downcomer 200 and the corresponding anti-impact device 300 are arranged in a triangle on the tray 100.

The radial temperature and the temperature difference between the inlets of the second bed and the third bed of Example 17 and Comparative Example 8 are shown in Table 8, where the position of the ae point is shown in FIG. 38. Table 8 Comparative Example 9

It differs from Comparative Example 1 in that the reactor diameter is 3.0m, and a top distribution tray is provided at the entrance of the uppermost catalyst bed. The hydrogenation raw material is gasoline fraction, and the catalyst is FGH-21 type fuel produced by Fushun Petrochemical Research Institute. For the hydrogen refining catalyst, the process conditions of the reactor are: operating pressure of 1.85 MPa, volumetric space velocity of 2.5 h ^-1 , hydrogen oil volume ratio of 355: 1, and reactor inlet temperature of 285 ° C. Example 18

Compared with Comparative Example 9, Example 18 of the present invention adopts the shock reduction device 300 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 34, and is used in combination with the tray and the downcomer of a common ERI bubble cap gas-liquid distributor, in which The material pipe is provided with an overflow hole. The parameters of the shock-absorbing device 300 are: the height of the shock-absorbing tube 370 is 300 mm; the diameter of the shock-absorbing tube 370 is 150 mm; %. The reduction cylinder 370 and the lowering tube 200 are concentrically nested with a gap of 30 mm in the horizontal direction; the cross-sectional area of the reducing cylinder 370 is 5 times the cross-sectional area of the reducing tube 200; the lower portion of the reducing cylinder 370 and the lowering tube 200 have a shaft To the overlapping part, the overlapping part is 20% of the height of the downcomer 200; the height of the downcomer 200 is 120mm; two circular overflow holes 201 are provided on the wall of the downcomer 200 in a horizontal direction. The total cross-sectional area is 30% of the 200 cross-sectional area of the downcomer; the center line of the overflow hole 201 is 100 mm from the tray. The height of the folded edge 140 is 50 mm. The tray 100 is assembled from 9 tray sections 110, and each tray section 110 is provided with two lowering tubes 200 and a corresponding shock reduction device 300. The downcomer 200 and the corresponding anti-impact device 300 are arranged in a triangle on the tray 100. Example 19

It is the same as Example 18, except that the ERI type gas-liquid distributor is eliminated, and the reduced-flow equalizing plate of the embodiment shown in FIG. 34 is used.

The radial temperatures and temperature differences of the beds in Examples 18, 19 and Comparative Example 9 are shown in Table 9, where the position of the ae point is shown in FIG. 38. Table 9

100‧‧‧Tray

110‧‧‧Tray

120‧‧‧Joint

130‧‧‧Support

140‧‧‧Flanged

200‧‧‧Feeding tube

201‧‧‧ overflow hole

210‧‧‧Top

220‧‧‧ notched surface

230‧‧‧ tube body

240‧‧‧ Filter

300‧‧‧Reduce device

310‧‧‧Board

311‧‧‧first connector

320‧‧‧ sidewall

321‧‧‧first cogging

330‧‧‧Baffle Department

331‧‧‧Connecting hole

340‧‧‧occlusion grid

341‧‧‧Grating

342‧‧‧Connector

343‧‧‧Second connection

350‧‧‧Cylinder

351‧‧‧through hole

360‧‧‧Reduce plate

361‧‧‧ Tablet

362‧‧‧The first bending plate

363‧‧‧The second bending plate

363a‧‧‧guide surface

370‧‧‧Reduce cylinder

371‧‧‧Third connection

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a shock absorbing equalizing disc of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view mainly showing the shock absorbing device in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a principle diagram of the shock absorbing device of FIG. 2 Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the shock absorbing equalizing disc of the present invention; Figure 5 is a partial enlarged view mainly showing the shock absorbing device in Figure 4; Figure 6 is another implementation of the shock absorbing device in Figure 4 7 is a top view of the example; FIG. 7 is a plan view of FIG. 5; FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the downcomer in FIG. 4; The structure schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the current equalizing disk; FIG. 11 is a partial enlarged view mainly showing the shock reducing device in FIG. 10; FIG. 12 is a principle diagram of the shock reduction of the shock reducing device of FIG. 10; 14 is a schematic structural view of a fourth embodiment of a punching equalizing disk; FIG. 14 is a partially enlarged view mainly showing the shock absorbing device in FIG. 13; FIG. 15 is a plan view of FIG. 14; FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth embodiment of the shock absorbing current equalizing plate of the present invention; FIG. 18 FIG. 17 is an external view of FIG. 17; FIG. 19 is a structural diagram of a cylindrical member in FIG. 18; FIG. 20 is a principle diagram of a shock reduction device of the shock reduction device of FIG. 17; The structural schematic diagram of the embodiment; FIG. 22 is a top view showing the reducing plate and the reducing pipe in FIG. 21; FIG. 23 is a principle drawing of the reducing device of FIG. 21; FIG. A schematic structural diagram of a seventh embodiment; FIG. 25 is a partially enlarged view mainly showing the shock reducing device in FIG. 24; FIG. 26 is a plan view of FIG. 25; FIG. FIG. 27 is a top view; FIG. 29 is a schematic structural view of an eighth embodiment of the shock-reduction equalizing disc of the present invention; FIG. 30 is a partial enlarged view mainly showing the shock-reduction device in FIG. 29; FIG. 31 is a plan sectional view of FIG. 30; FIG. 32 is a principle diagram of the shock reduction of the shock reduction device of FIG. 29; FIG. 33 is a plan view of FIG. 32; FIG. A partially enlarged view of the middle-reduction device; FIG. 36 is a top view of FIG. 35; FIG. 37 is a reduction view of FIG. 34; Save schematic punch apparatus; and FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of the radial position of the temperature measurement and Comparative Example display bed.

Claims (30)

An underflow equalizing tray is characterized in that the underflow equalizing tray includes a tray, a downfall pipe passing through the tray, and an undershoot device for buffering the kinetic energy of the inclined falling material flow. The flushing device has a guide surface, so that the material stream falling obliquely can flow along the guide surface and fall to the tray, and a portion of the downfall pipe above the tray is provided with an overflow surface. The orifice, the reduced-flow equalizing tray includes a plurality of the lowering tubes and a plurality of the reducing devices for providing buffering and blanking to the multiple lowering tubes, and an edge of the tray is provided with Folded up hem. The shock absorbing equalizing disc according to claim 1, wherein the shock absorbing device includes a plate body located above the feed pipe and covering an upper end of the feed pipe. The shock absorbing equalizing disc according to claim 2, wherein the shock absorbing device includes a side wall extending upward from an edge of the plate body. The shock absorbing and equalizing disk according to claim 3, wherein at least a part of a top edge of the side wall is provided with a first cogging. The shock absorbing and equalizing disk according to claim 2, wherein the shock absorbing device includes a plurality of baffle portions extending upward from the plate body and facing the falling material stream, the baffle portions being from One side of the plate body portion extends to the other side, and a discharge channel is formed between the adjacent baffle portions. The shock absorbing and equalizing disk according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of the baffle portions are arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other on a plate surface, and / or the baffle portions are vertically upward from the plate body extend. The shock absorbing and equalizing disk according to claim 5, wherein the baffle portion is provided with a communication hole penetrating the baffle portion. The shock absorbing and equalizing disk according to claim 7, wherein an upper end of the lowering pipe has a notch to have a top surface at the upper end and a notch surface lower than the top surface, and the plate body. Connected to the top surface. The shock absorbing equalizing plate according to claim 2, wherein the plate body is connected to the lowering pipe through a first connection member, and / or the plate body and an upper end of the lowering pipe There is a gap between them. The shock absorbing and equalizing disc according to claim 1, wherein the shock absorbing device includes a shielding grille located above the downcomer. The shock absorbing equalizing plate according to claim 10, wherein the shielding grille includes a plurality of grille plates that are arranged obliquely with respect to the extending direction of the downcomer tube and face the falling material stream. The grille plates are arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other. The shock absorbing equalizing plate according to claim 11, wherein the shielding grid includes a connecting rod connecting a plurality of the grid plates. The shock absorbing equalizing plate according to claim 10, wherein the shielding grille is connected to the lowering pipe through a second connection member, and / or the shielding grille and the lowering pipe There is a gap between the upper ends. The shock absorbing and equalizing disk according to claim 1, wherein the shock absorbing device includes a plurality of cylindrical members sleeved in sequence, and the bottom of the cylindrical member is connected to the disk surface of the tray. Each of the lowering tubes is disposed between the adjacent cylindrical members, and a top of the cylindrical members is higher than an upper end of the lowering tubes. The shock absorbing and equalizing disk according to claim 14, wherein the cylindrical member is disposed perpendicular to the disk surface. The shock absorbing equalizing plate according to claim 14, wherein a through wall of the cylindrical member is provided with a through hole penetrating the cylindrical wall. The shock absorbing equalizing disk according to claim 16, wherein the through hole is plural and is provided along a circumferential direction of the tubular member, and / or a height of the through hole corresponds to the height of the through hole. The height of the overflow hole. The shock absorbing equalizing plate according to claim 1, wherein the shock absorbing device includes a shock absorbing plate provided on a side of the downcomer facing the falling material, and a top of the shock absorbing plate Higher than the upper end of the downcomer. The shock absorbing and equalizing disk according to claim 18, wherein the shock absorbing plate is disposed perpendicular to a disk surface of the tray. The underflow equalizing disc according to claim 19, wherein the underflow plate is fixed on the top of the downcomer, wherein: the underflow plate is a flat plate; or, the underflow plate is Enclose the first bent plate of the downcomer. The shock absorbing and equalizing disc according to claim 19, wherein the shock absorbing plate is a second bent plate that encloses the lowering pipe, and an end of a bent edge of the second bent plate A guide surface for inwardly guiding the material flow is formed, and the overflow hole is provided on a portion of the lowering pipe facing away from the second bent plate, and an upper end of the second bent plate is not lower than the The upper end of the downcomer. The shock absorbing equalizing plate according to claim 1, wherein the shock absorbing device includes a shock absorbing tube sleeved on the outer side of the upper part of the pipe, and the top of the shock absorbing tube is higher than the At the top of the downcomer, there is a lateral gap between the reducer and the downcomer. The shock absorbing equalizing disc according to claim 22, wherein the shock absorbing tube is fixed to the material reducing pipe by a third connecting member, and / or an upper edge of the shock absorbing tube is provided with a first Two cogging. According to any one of the claims 1-23, the reduced-flow equalizing disk is characterized in that the downcomer has a structure with a filtering function. The shock absorbing and equalizing disc according to claim 24, characterized in that the lowering pipe is formed by a mesh filter; or the lowering pipe comprises a pipe body and a Filter. The shock absorbing and equalizing tray according to any one of claims 1-23, wherein the tray includes a plurality of tray sections, and the plurality of tray sections form a tray surface of the tray through a joint, The tray further includes a support member supporting the tray surface. According to any one of the request items 1-13 and 18-23, the reduced-flow equalizing disk is characterized in that there are a plurality of one-to-one correspondences between the reduced-reduction device and the lowering pipe. A reactor, characterized in that the reactor includes an inlet diffuser and the reduced-flow equalizing disk according to any one of claims 1-27, and the reduced-flow equalizing disk is disposed on the reactor. Inside the head or at the upper end of the reactor barrel of the reactor, the inlet diffuser is used to feed the reduced-flow equalizing tray. The reactor according to claim 28, wherein the reduced-flow equalizing tray is located at the upper end of the reactor barrel of the reactor and above the topmost distribution tray of the reactor. The reactor according to claim 28 or 29, wherein the reactor is a hydrogenation reactor.