TWI598237B - 用於複合結構之經多向強化形狀之編織預成形體 - Google Patents
用於複合結構之經多向強化形狀之編織預成形體 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI598237B TWI598237B TW098104186A TW98104186A TWI598237B TW I598237 B TWI598237 B TW I598237B TW 098104186 A TW098104186 A TW 098104186A TW 98104186 A TW98104186 A TW 98104186A TW I598237 B TWI598237 B TW I598237B
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- fabric
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- preform
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- woven fabric
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Description
本發明有關用於強化複合材料之紡織預成形體,且詳言之,為有關用於複合結構經向強化形狀之紡織預成形體。
本說明書提及之所有專利、專利申請案、文獻報告、參考資料、製告商說明書、說明文件、產品說明書、及任何產品的產品規格皆併入本案參考,且可用於本發明的實施。
目前廣泛使用強化複合材料以生產結構性組件,尤其是在尋求重量輕、堅固、強韌、抗熱、自體支撐及適於成形及形成形狀的期待性質之應用。此組件為用於,例如於航空、太空、航太、衛星、娛樂(如賽船及賽車)及其他應用。
基本上,此組件由包埋於基質材料的強化材料組成。強化組份可由材料如玻璃、碳、陶瓷、芳香族醯胺、聚乙烯、及/或其材料製成,其呈現期待的物理、熱、化學及/或其他性質,主要為大的強度可對抗應力失效。經由使用此強化材料,其最終為完整組件之構成元件,強化材料之預期特性賦予完整複合組件,如非常高強度。構件的強化材料基本上可為紡織、編織、非紡織或其他方式定向入強化預成形體的預期構形及形狀中。通常,需特別注意以確保所選擇之結構補強材料之性質的最佳利用。通常,此強化預成形體與基質材料結合以形成預期的終組件或產生用於終組件之終產物的工作原料。
在預期的強化預成形體已結構後,基質材料可導致且導入預成形體,故基本上此強化預成形體包埋入基質材料且基質材料充填強化預成形體的結構元件間的空隙區域。基質材料可為任何多種材料,如環氧樹脂、酚樹脂、聚酯、乙烯-酯、陶瓷、碳及/或其他材料,其亦呈現期待的物理、熱、化學及/或其他性質。選擇用於做為基質的材料可相同或不同於強化預成形體之材料或可具有或不具有可相比之物理、化學、熱或其他性質。然而,基本上,其不為相同材料或具有可比較的物理、化學、熱或其他性質,因為原先在使用複合物所尋求的一般目的為獲得一在終產物之特性的組合,此特性組合通常不能經由單獨使用一結構材料而得到。因此,經如此結合,此強化預成形體及基質材料可在相同的操作中經由熱固化或其他已知方法而熟化及安定,且接著進行其他操作以生產預期的組件。必需注意到在此時,於如此固化後,依此固化的基質材料質塊通常非常強的黏合至補強材料(例如強化預成形體)。因此,在終組件的應力,特別是經由做為在纖維間的黏合劑之基質材料,可有效的轉移至強化預成形體的結構材料或由強化預成形體的結構材料承載。
通常,預期在構形中產生組件而非簡單的幾何形狀如(本身)板、片材、矩形或方形固體等。一達成此的方式為組合此等基本幾何形狀為預期的更複雜形式。一此形式的組合的製作為經由將如前述製成的強化預成形體以一角度(典型地為直角)相對彼此結合。此結合的強化預成形體之角度配置的一般目的為產生一預期形狀以形成一包括一或一以上端壁的強化預成形體,或強化此強化預成形體及複合結構的生成結構組合,其用以當其曝露至外力,如壓力或張力時,對抗撓曲或失效產生。在任何例子中,一有關的考量為使此結構組件間的接合為儘可能的強。若強化預成形體構件本身之非常高強度,接合處的弱度在結構“鏈”中有效成為一“弱連結”。
在有關技術領域中,美國專利第4,847,063號教示一沿對稱軸的中空、碳/碳複合物件,其中成型一耐熱心軸以提供一預期的內表面構形,及一或一以上層熱安定碳纖絲編結於心軸的表面上。此層接著以可碳化液體浸漬劑浸漬,且熱處理此浸漬的層及心軸之組成件以碳化該浸漬劑。
美國專利第5,070,914號有關於一用於做為複合材料之補強紡織織物的三軸紡織織物,其中彈性模數為等向達成且此織物變形為一三維構形而未改變定向角度。此織物包含大量由紡織織物的中心在徑向方向延伸的非直角紗,及在非直角紗間於一周緣方向螺旋紡織的周緣紗。每一相鄰的非直角紗彼此交織且周緣紗在交織的非直角紗紡織,故此交織在螺旋紡織之周緣紗之每一相鄰螺圈間呈現。此交織步驟在周緣紗插入後及在一交替非直角紗的向上與向下移動前發生。
美國專利第5,619,903號教示一用於複合結構的編結預成形體,其具有一結構纖維的縱向軸及複數個編結股。一具有大於結構纖維股之剛性的延長元件,一拉擠成型桿狀,其編結入與編結元件縱向軸平行的編結股,其為一三軸編結管。
雖然習知技術尋求強化複合物的結構整合性上之改良且已獲得成功,仍存在於此部份改良的需求或經由不同於前述的方法解決問題。在此方面,一方法為藉由特定機器產生紡織三維(“3D”)結構。另一方法為紡織二維(“2D”)結構並摺疊成形狀。然而,此基本上當預成形體摺疊時造成元件的歪曲。此歪曲的發生係因為如紡織之纖維長度與當預成形體摺疊時應有的長度不同。此造成在如紡織纖維長度太短的區域之凹陷及波形,在纖維長度太長的區域之彎曲。此些歪曲造成不預期表面不規則且降低組件的強度及剛性。雖然此些可經由裁切與切割而解除,此一步驟為不預期的,因為勞力密集或其他方面可能犧牲預成形體的整體性。因此,期待軸對稱3D預成形體,因為其提供相對2D層合複合物的增加強度。此些預成形體特別適用於需要進行平面負載的複合物,如太空技術的應用。
其他技術包含纖絲纏繞,其為一連續纖維置放技術,藉此纖維沿一心軸纏繞。此製造技術不能應用至所有的幾何形狀。例如,纖維橋接沿具有凹面形狀的表面發生。此外,使用纖絲纏繞難以在一彎曲部獲得一材料均勻覆蓋。雖然纖絲纏繞為一高度自動化技術,但歸因於低材料分配速率,一複雜形狀多-層之層合物的纖絲纏繞需要相當的時間。
纖維束排置為一相似於纖絲纏繞的技術,其中材料的單一/多重束帶分配於一心軸上。不同於纖絲纏繞,此束在長度上可為不連續且束可沿凹表面放置。使用不連續束,其可能在遍及彎曲部份獲得材料的接近均一的覆蓋且其可能維持所需要的纖維角度。然而,此製程為緩慢的且限制於預浸漬的材料,且因此為昂貴的。
美國專利第5,394,906號(於後文中僅稱為“‘906專利”)有關製造用於製成複合結構之直或彎曲平面或三維織物的裝置。緯紗插入經紗層間,且依緯紗定向,一切口或彎曲舌片用於密實或“攪拌”緯紗。‘906專利進一步揭露織物的經紗可使用一錐狀或錐狀及圓筒之組合而彎曲以達到經紗之不同織物收緊,以可獲得經紗彎曲之恒定半徑。在又一實施例中,‘906專利揭露使用一夾持桿織物收緊器以達成經紗之不同織物收緊而獲得直經紗、具恒定半徑彎曲之彎曲經紗、不具恒定半徑彎曲之彎曲經紗、或直與彎曲經紗的部份組合。在又一其他實施例中,用於彎曲‘C’形狀的凸緣的形成可藉由經相鄰的舌片之凹下線交替插入經紗以允許凸緣的垂直紡織。然而,此些特徵需要客製化設計的紡織機械,其使用一切口或彎曲舌片以插入緯紗至經紗間。此機械亦需要一特殊設計以用於其“攪拌”機制,其再次依在結構中的緯紗定向而定。一生產特定結構之特殊紡織機械的製造不僅昂貴的,且亦限制至此特定設計。此外,此些機械在操作上比傳統的紡織機械相對較慢,因為緯紗的插入作用接著一切口或彎曲路徑,其大大的降低織布機速度。
美國專利第6,086,968號(於後文中僅稱為“‘968專利”)提供具多種二-及三維形狀的紡織材料。此材料藉由於機械紡織製程中連續變換將使用的經向及/或緯向纖維或紗之密度及/或方向而製成。此些材料圍繞一物件紡織並接著以基質材料浸漬。
雖然‘906及‘968專利提供優於前述其他習知技術的優點,對於許多不是真的軸對稱之結構應用,需要加入額的結構特徵以強化結構並在所有方向提供機械安定性。因此,僅使用傳統的2D或3D紡織預成形體不能適當提供在所有方向的強度。因此,在此技術領域中提供一形成用於複合結構之經多向強化形狀紡織預成形體之結構與方法將為一大進步,其中該複合結構在軸對稱以及非-軸對稱構形上皆具有改良的強度。
本發明有關於一種組合使用技術形成的織物的方法,技術例如二-軸編結、三-軸編結、極性紡織、經向轉向紡織、輪廓紡織、及三維紡織,以生產一經多向強化且易於與複雜彎曲結構共形的層合物,例如複合渦輪扇殼、噴射引擎安全環、飛機機身框架、飛機窗框、及接合吊艙至飛機引擎的凸緣環。本發明提供具有改良的強度之經多向強化形狀的紡織預成形體以用於在本質上為軸對稱以及非-軸對稱性質的複合結構。
不同形式之織物的組合允許生產無裁切與切割各自層的預成形體。免除此些裁切及切割改良生成之結構的強度的性質。
因此,本發明有關製造預成形體,其使用紡織製造技術的組合,例如輪廓紡織、極性紡織、二-軸編結、三-軸編結、經向轉向紡織及三維紡織以生產一主要為軸對稱的結構,但可包括部份非-軸對稱強化物。在周向(0°)及軸(90°)方向提供強化物,以及相對周向方向±45°之強化物。此些預成形體以用於如複合渦輪扇殼、噴射引擎安全環、飛機機身框架、飛機窗框、及接合吊艙至飛機引擎的凸緣環的應用。
本發明之一實施例為一由多元件預成形體形成的飛機窗框,其包含一二-軸編結、一極性紡織織物、一輪廓紡織織物及一三維紡織三角形元件,該三角形元件填充三元件之層合結構間的溝槽。
本發明依一實施例為一由多元件預成形體形成的飛機機身框架其包含一二-軸編結、一輪廓紡織織物及一三維紡織形狀元件。
更詳言之,本發明之一實施例為用於強化一複合結構的預成形體,其包含具有複數個輪廓紡織織物及偏向織物的交替層之第一部份,其中該輪廓紡織織物包含與一或一以上層緯紗交織的一或一以上層經紗,其中一或一以上層經紗在輪廓紡織織物中維持輪廓形狀,其中該偏向織物包含複數個紗在非直角與一或一以上層的經紗及緯紗交織。此預成形體可更包括一包含三維紡織織物的第二部份,其中該第二部份為附在第一部份上。此預成形體更包含複數個極性紡織織物與偏向織物之交替層的第三部份,其中極性紡織織物之形成係藉由極性紡織織物的側緣至相對側緣進行複數個經紗的差別織物收緊以產生彎曲經紗而賦予極性紡織織物一平坦彎曲構形。
本發明之另一實施例為一具有預成形體強化的複合結構,其包括其包含具有複數個輪廓紡織織物及偏向織物的交替層之第一部份,其中該輪廓紡織織物包含與一或一以上層緯紗交織的一或一以上層經紗,其中一或一以上層經紗在輪廓紡織織物中維持輪廓形狀,其中該偏向織物包含複數個紗在非直角與一或一以上層的經紗及緯紗交織;及基質材料。此預成形體可更包括一包含三維紡織織物的第二部份,其中該第二部份為附在第一部份上。此預成形體更包含複數個極性紡織織物與偏向織物之交替層的第三部份,其中該極性紡織織物形成係藉由極性紡織織物的側緣至相對側緣進行複數個經紗的差別織物收緊以產生彎曲經紗而賦予極性紡織織物一平坦彎曲構形。
本發明的又一實施例為製造一用於強化複合結構的預成形體之方法,其包含步驟:形成一第一部份,其係藉由層合複數個輪廓紡織織物及偏向織物的交替層,其中該輪廓紡織織物的形成係藉由交織一或一以上層緯紗與一或一以上層經紗,其中一或一以上層經紗在紡織後於輪廓紡織織物中維持輪廓形狀,其中該偏向織物藉由複數個紗在非直角與一或一以上層的經紗及緯紗交織而形成。此方法更包含步驟:藉由三維紡織一織物形成一第二部份;及該第二部份為附在第一部份上。此方法亦包括步驟:藉由層合複數個一極性紡織織物及偏向織物的交替層而形成一第三部份,其中該極性紡織織物形成係藉由極性紡織織物的側緣至相對側緣進行複數個經紗的差別織物收緊以產生彎曲經紗而賦予極性紡織織物一平坦彎曲構形。
本發明的再一實施例為製造以預成形體強化的三維複合結構之方法,其包含步驟:藉由層合複數個輪廓紡織織物及偏向織物的交替層以形成預成形體的第一部份,其中該輪廓紡織織物的形成係藉由交織一或一以上層緯紗與一或一以上層經紗,其中一或一以上層經紗在紡織後於輪廓紡織織物中維持輪廓形狀,其中該偏向織物藉由複數個紗在非直角與一或一以上層的經紗及緯紗交織而形成;且以基質材料浸漬此預成形體。此方法更包含步驟:藉由三維紡織一織物以形成一預成形體的第二部份;並接合此第二部份至第一部份。此方法亦包括步驟:藉由層合複數個一極性紡織織物及偏向織物的交替層而形成一預成形體的第三部份,其中該極性紡織織物形成係藉由極性紡織織物的側緣至相對側緣進行複數個經紗的差別織物收緊以產生彎曲經紗而賦予極性紡織織物一平坦彎曲構形。
因此,本發明的一目的為除去裁切及切割用於三維結構之各自強化織物或層之需求。
本發明再一目的為如本發明的部份係簡化此結構的製造並減少人力需求。
本發明的另一目的為提供一三維預成形體,其為現存的預成形體及/或目前可得的強化複合結構之一替代物及/或改良的設計。
本發明的又一目的為提供此一三維預成形體,其可在形成形狀時不會使包含在預成形體中的纖維變形。
再又一目的為提供一產生補強織物的方法,其適於產生廣泛種類的不同三維結構。
本發明的再一目的為提供一生產織物或纖維預成形體的方法,其維持適當的纖維定向、整體幾何性及層厚度的均一性。然而,本發明未限制於此一特定橫切面幾何或0、90及+/-45度纖維定向。事實上,纖維角度可依結構的放置功能而限定,且織物的寬度可依結構的長度而改變。
本發明的另一目的為促進一廣範圍之預成形體的製造,其可用於製成以往為昂貴的、結構不充足或不能製造之較不昂貴、結構有效的複合結構組件。
此些及其他目的及優點可由本發明顯見。本發明有關提供一特別設計的預成形體,其適於做為三維複合結構的強化物。纖維強化物為一可在傳統的紡織機器上紡織且在其浸漬於樹脂前摺疊至其最終形狀時並未在纖維上產生不期待破壞。此可藉由在紡織期間調整纖維長度而達到,故其在部份區域為短而在其他區域為長。當預成形體摺疊以在摺合中提供一平滑轉換的形狀時,此纖維接著均等化。參閱例如美國專利第6,446,675號,該專利揭露併入本案參考。且,雖然以紡織預成形體為參考,其可例如用於非紡織,如編結或縫編編結,此為熟於此項技術人士可顯見的。
為本發明、其操作及藉由用而達到的特定目的之更佳瞭解,參考後附說明部份,其中說明本發明之較佳但非限制的實施。
在本發明說明書中使用的“包含(comprising)”及“包含(comprises)”等詞可意指“包括(including)”及“包括(includes)”或具有在美國專利法中“包含(comprising)”或“包含(comprises)”等詞一般的意義。在申請專利範圍若使用“實質組成(consisting essentially of)”或“實質上組成(consists essentially of)”為具有在美國專利法中描述的定義。本發明之其他態樣由下列詳細說明描述或顯見(及屬於本發明之ambit)。
用於提供本發明之進一步瞭解的所附附圖為併入本發明說明書且構成其之一部份。本發明所提出的附圖為說明本發明之不同實施例且與本發明的詳細描述共同解釋本發明的技術思想。在圖式中:第1(a)及1(b)圖顯示本發明一實施例之製備經多向強化之預成形體的方法之步驟;第2圖顯示本發明一態樣之經多向強化的預成形體;第3(a)及3(b)圖顯示第2圖之經多向強化之預成形體的橫切面;第4圖顯示本發明一實施例的經多方向強化之凸緣環形預成形體;第5圖顯示第4圖之經多向強化之預成形體的橫切面;第6(a)及6(b)圖顯示本發明一實施例之經多向強化預成形體的照片;第7圖顯示本發明一態樣之經多向強化的預成形體;第8圖顯示第7圖之經多向強化的預成形體之橫切面;第9圖顯示本發明一實施例之製備經多向強化預成形體的方法步驟;及第10圖顯示本發明一實施例之製備經多向強化預成形體的方法步驟。
本發明現將配合附圖於後文中更充分描述,其中顯示本發明之較佳實施例。然而,本發明可在許多不同形式實施且不應被解釋為限制在本文陳述的實施例中。反之,提供此些說明用的實施例,故本說明書的揭露將更充分及完整係,且可充分傳達本發明的範疇予熟於此項技術人士。
在下列描述中,在附圖中相似的特徵指定相似或對應的元件。此外,在下列描述中,需瞭解如“上部(upper)”、“下部(lower)”、“頂部(top)”及“底部(bottom)”與其等相似者之字詞為簡便性的描述且不應被解釋為用於限制本發明範疇。
現參閱圖式,本發明之一實施例為製造一用於高-強度應用的經多向強化纖維之預成形體的方法,例如一複合渦輪扇殼、噴射引擎安全環、飛機機身框架、飛機窗框、及接合吊艙至飛機引擎的凸緣環的應用。
依此實施例之方法為使用二或二以上紡織製造技術的組合,例如輪廓紡織、極性紡織、二-軸編結、三-軸編結、經向轉向紡織、偏向紡織、及三維紡織以製造一主要軸對稱且亦包括部份非-軸對稱特性為之結構。“經向轉向”及“極性紡織”等詞將於後文中更詳細描述。
依據本發明之一實施例,輪廓紡織為藉由環繞一心軸形成織物用於生產軸對稱預成形體。例如,可使用一系列特別為特殊形狀設計的滾筒以形成預成形體。輪廓紡織使用一特定的收緊系統以生產具有不同長度的經向纖維之預成形體。不同經紗長度給予生成之織物某種彎曲超出織物平面。在輪廓紡織的例子中,設計的織物為使其呈現一特殊橫切面形狀,例如顯示於第1(a)圖中。依本發明之一實施例形成的經多向強化之結構或纖維預成形體之例示為顯示於第2圖。此圖式繪示一機身框10,其說明框10之頂部及底部的橫切面圖為顯示於第3(a)及3(b)圖。機身框在基本的飛機設計中為一結構元件。在機身中基本上具有許多此框架且其在飛機結構中提供周緣強化作用。
此框架10具有一圓形結構,其有一預期寬度及厚度的頂部與底部。框架10的主要部份之製造藉由輪廓紡織一連續織物開始。輪廓紡織的製程涉及使用一具形狀之心軸或相似者在一輪廓形狀中餵入經紗,故在織布機上產生的織物即使在移離織布機後仍維持輪廓形狀。此經紗及緯(或緯向)紗在織物維持0°及90°定向,藉此可提供在0°及90°方向的強化,其中0°為在周向方向(垂直於徑向方向)及90°為最終結構或框10的徑向方向。輪廓紡織亦可造成含有不同長度之經向纖維的織物,故織物當纏繞在心軸上時,其亦預先呈現一特殊的軸對稱形狀。此心軸可依預期最終結構而定之實際的任何形狀或大小。此心軸可在環的一側或二側具有或不具有凸緣供應,此係基於在終產物是否需求連續凸緣環。此允許結構之圓柱狀、環形及/或錐狀部份組合至一單一預成形體。例如,在顯示於第2圖之機身框架上,其具有一形成外凸緣20的圓柱形部份與形成腳部30的環形部份(顯示於第3(b))圖。相似地,顯示於第6a及6b圖之一般的雙-凸緣環在二側皆具有凸緣。此一雙-凸緣環的前視圖及橫切面圖為分別顯示於第4及5圖。
輪廓紡織的缺點之一為其在結構中無偏向或無-周向或無徑向強化物。當預成形體加工為一複合物時,基本上需要此強化物以改良剪力及/或承載強度。在本發明中,此特徵之提供係藉由當輪廓織物纏繞於一心軸上時,在一或一以上層的輪廓織物44間散置一或一以上層的偏向織物42,如顯示於第1(b)圖。偏向織物42可為連續或不連續,且可使用任何傳統方法製造,如在±45°裁切一傳統2D織物或縱向切開一±45°編結管。
相反於輪廓紡織織物,偏向織物42並未預置以呈現所欲的橫切面形狀。然而,此織物的纖維當纏繞於角以形成特徵如凸緣時,其免於‘剪斷’。此由為真實±45°強化件移開纖維,但此效果對大部份的實際應用為相對小且對於非常大的直徑結構為可忽略的。
因此,具有插入偏向層42的輪廓紡織織物44導致一軸對稱結構50具有類似層合複合物的橫切面。因此,此層合物複合結構具有一等向構形(即在0°、90°、+45°及-45°方向為等量纖維);然而,本發明未限制於此構形。
對於真實軸對稱的應用,額外的特徵如前述者如內凸緣60、周緣加強件或中間接合環可使用輪廓紡織織物44及/或偏向織物42形成。然而,很多結構應用並非真實軸對稱,且在此例子中,額外的結構特徵可加至使用三維紡織預成形體如Pi預成形體40之預成形體,如顯示於第3(a)及3(b)圖。對稱Pi預成形體40的使用僅為一範例,但實際上可使用可能以三維紡織的任何形狀以達此一目的。藉由接合額外三維紡織預成形體所形成的特徵在周向方向需要疊接,但此疊接通常可位於結構之較少承載部份45,故可避免明顯強度的不利結果。Pi預成形體40可依揭露於美國專利第6,446,675號所述的方法形成,其等併入本案參考。
輪廓紡織織物、偏向織物及Pi預成形體可由材料例如碳、耐綸、嫘縈、聚酯、纖維玻璃、綿花、玻璃、陶瓷、芳香族醯胺、及聚乙烯、或任何此技術領域中已知的其他材料製成。此最終結構可以一基質材料浸漬,例如環氧樹脂、聚酯、乙烯-酯、陶瓷及碳,其使用樹脂浸漬方法如樹脂膜滲透成型(RFI)、樹脂轉注成型或化學蒸氣過濾,藉此形成一三維複合結構。
因此,本發明之一實施例為以紡織預成形體強化的三維複合結構及其之形成方法,其包括具有複數個輪廓紡織織物及偏向織物的交替層之第一部份,其中該輪廓紡織織物包含與一或一以上層緯紗交織的一或一以上層經紗,其中一或一以上層經紗在輪廓紡織織物中維持輪廓形狀,其中該偏向織物包含複數個紗在非直角與一或一以上層的經紗及緯紗交織;及一基質材料。複合結構更包含一第二部份,其包含一三維紡織織物,其中該第二部份為附在第一部份上。
本發明的主要優點是:(1)相對圓柱座標系統,依據本發明之預成形體具有在周向及軸方向的連續強化性以及在相對周向方向士45°的強化性。此改良生成之複合組份的強度及強化;(2)設計預成形體以呈現所欲的形狀而無裁切及切割的需求,藉此可免除在周向纖維中的不連續性。此降低在預成形體成形所需的人工人力以及導致改良的強度。其他優點:(3)沿彎曲部份維持預期的纖維定向;(4)沿彎曲部份由內至外徑向點均勻的材料覆蓋;(5)產生需要的橫切面幾何形;及(6)成本有效性。
本發明之又一實施例為一種組合的經向轉向,極編編、輪廓紡織、二-軸編結、三-軸編結及/或三維紡織以製成層合物的方法,其易於與複雜彎曲物共形例如,飛機窗框。
“經向轉向”一詞為有關用於經紗的差別收緊系統,其‘轉向’經紗以進入所需要的形狀,並允許直紡織、極性紡織或其等之組合以在織物或成形體之X-Y平面上產生實際呈現任何形狀的預成形體。此一經向轉向織物之範例為顯示於第10圖,其中織物100在一平面上為平坦,但在X-Y平面上具有一彎曲形狀。在此一配置中,每一經紗可具有不同路徑長度。經向轉向與輪廓紡織二者使用特定的收緊系統以產生具有經向纖維為不同長度的織物。不同經向長度給予生成之織物一些彎曲(在用於經向轉向的織物平面中及輪廓紡織的平面外)。在經向轉向的例子中,紡織織物,故其保留平坦,因此在輪廓紡織中,設計的織物為可使其呈現一特定的橫切面形狀。
本發明之一實施例為如顯示於第7圖的飛機窗框15。說明製成此多元件結構或窗框15的元件之橫切面圖為顯示於第8圖。結構15包括四種不同紡織形式,其使用於生產製程中。此些形式的組合允許製造預成形物而無裁切及切割各自的層。免除此些裁切及切割改良生成結構的強度以及性能。
結構或框15包含一頂包覆物25、一內包覆物35、一外包覆物55及一溝槽填充物65。頂包覆物25為一偏向織物與極性紡織或輪廓紡織織物的交替積層。偏向織物可為連續或不連續,且可用任何傳統方法製造,如在±45°裁切一傳統2D織物或縱向切開一±45°編結管。極性紡織織物70與在徑向方向定向之經向纖維或紗72及在周向的緯纖維或紗74以符合頂包覆物25之同平面幾何之彎曲的半徑紡織,如顯示於第9圖。特別地,極性紡織為一用於彎曲結構之經紗的方法,同時維持適當的緯紗74定向。此可經由修改織物收緊系統而達成。尤其,織物70使用差別之織物收緊系統紡織,如使用顯示於第9圖之錐狀及/或圓柱狀滾筒75。此錐狀滾筒的較小直徑部份在每滾筒旋轉時拉取比滾筒之較大直徑部份少的經紗(即織物)。此經紗72的差別收緊造成織物彎曲,因此給予織物70極性形狀,其之縱長緣可藉由一起交織經紗或使用其他此技術領域已知的端結合技術結合在一起。極性織物70可以一圓形紡織且形成如環形狀如卵形或跑道形,依所需的終結構形狀而定。若使用經向轉向,可直接紡織環形形狀且不需要任何額外的成形。
藉由層合一二-軸編結於極性紡織織物70層上或反之,因為多向纖維定向而可獲得一0、90及+/-45度強化之均等分佈,因此形成具二或二以上層的層合物。此編結藉由編結的剪開作用而與表面的彎曲共形的管狀組成,如前文描述。
現回至第8圖,外包覆物55及內包覆物35為彼此相似,其中此二者為以偏向織物與輪廓紡織織物交替層建構,如在前述實施例中描述。偏向織物可為連續或不連續,且可使用任何傳統方法製造,如在士45°裁切一傳統2D織物或縱向切開一±45°編結管。在此例中,輪廓織法可與組件的形狀共形而不需要裁切或切割。如極性織物,輪廓織物提供0、90度強化而編結提供+/-45度強化。結構或框15亦可包括一溝槽填充物65,其可為一三維紡織三角形元件,該元件填充在頂包覆物25、內包覆物35及外包覆物55間的溝槽,如顯示於第8圖。亦可使用其他型式介質,如非紡織織物,以達填充溝槽的目的;然而,本發明並未限制僅有三維紡織織物及/或非紡織織物的使用。
輪廓紡織織物、偏向紡織織物、編結、極性紡織織物、經向轉向織物及三維紡織織物可由材料例如碳、耐綸、嫘縈、聚酯、纖維玻璃、綿花、玻璃、陶瓷、芳香族醯胺、及聚乙烯或任何此技術領域中已知的其他材料製成。此最終結構可以一基質材料浸漬,例如環氧樹脂、聚酯、乙烯-酯、陶瓷、及碳,其使用樹脂浸漬方法如樹脂膜滲透成型(RFI)、樹脂轉注成型或化學蒸氣過濾,藉此形成一三維複合結構。
因此,本發明之一實施例為一種以預成形體強化的三維複合結構及其製成方法,其包含具有複數個輪廓紡織織物及偏向織物的交替層之第一部份,其中該輪廓紡織織物包含與一或一以上層緯紗交織的一或一以上層經紗,其中一或一以上層經紗在輪廓紡織織物中維持輪廓形狀,其中該偏向織物包含複數個紗在非直角與一或一以上層的經紗及緯紗交織;及一基質材料。更包括一包含三維紡織織物的第二部份,其中該第二部份為附在第一部份上。此複合結構更包含複數個極性紡織織物與偏向織物之交替層的第三部份,其中極性紡織織物之形成係藉由極性紡織織物的側緣至相對側緣進行複數個經紗的差別織物收緊器以產生彎曲而賦予極性紡織織物一平坦彎曲構形。
因此,藉由使用述於本發明的技術,可製造下列複合結構:1.軸對稱結構,其全部為輪廓紡織,及包括一或一以上層的輪廓紡織預成形體,例如安全環;
2.軸對稱結構,其包括一或一以上輪廓紡織織物層及在輪廓紡織織物層間交織的一或一以上偏向層,例如凸緣環;及
3.軸對稱或非軸對稱結構,其係由一或一以上輪廓紡織織物層及額外或無額外的偏向層與額外的元件,例如窗框或機身框架。附加元件可包括凸緣、加強件,及/或使用三維紡織、極性紡織、及/或編結製成的偏向層。因此,可瞭解本發明、其目的與優點,且雖然在本文中已揭露及詳述較佳實施例,其範圍及目的並未因其等描述而受限,反之本發明之範疇當以後附的申請專利範圍之範疇而限定。
10...機身框
15...窗框
20...外凸緣
25...頂包覆物
30...腳部
35...內包覆物
40...預成形體
42...偏向織物
44...輪廓紡織織物
45...承載部份
50...軸對稱結構
55...外包覆物
60...內凸緣
65...溝槽填充物
70...極性紡織織物
72...經向纖維或紗
74...緯纖維或紗
75...滾筒
100...織物
第1(a)及1(b)圖顯示本發明一實施例之製備經多向強化之預成形體的方法之步驟;
第2圖顯示本發明一態樣之經多向強化的預成形體;
第3(a)及3(b)圖顯示第2圖之經多向強化之預成形體的橫切面;
第4圖顯示本發明一實施例的經多方向強化之凸緣環形預成形體;
第5圖顯示第4圖之經多向強化之預成形體的橫切面;
第6(a)及6(b)圖顯示本發明一實施例之經多向強化預成形體的照片;
第7圖顯示本發明一態樣之經多向強化的預成形體;
第8圖顯示第7圖之經多向強化的預成形體之橫切面;
第9圖顯示本發明一實施例之製備經多向強化預成形體的方法步驟;及
第10圖顯示本發明一實施例之製備經多向強化預成形體的方法步驟。
Claims (37)
- 一種用於強化一複合結構的預成形體,其包含:一第一部份,其具有複數個一輪廓紡織織物及一偏向織物的交替織物層,其中該輪廓紡織織物包含與一或一以上層緯紗交織的一或一以上層經紗,其中該輪廓紡織織物之一輪廓形狀係藉由該一或一以上層經紗維持,該等經紗具有不同經紗長度,其賦予該輪廓紡織織物彎曲度,及其中該偏向織物包含複數個紗在約±45°之非直角與該輪廓紡織織物層之該一或一以上層的經紗及緯紗交織或編結。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之預成形體,其更包含:一第二部份,其包含一三維紡織織物,其中該第二部份為附在該第一部份上。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之預成形體,其更包含:一第三部份,其包含複數個一極性紡織織物與該偏向織物之交替層,其中該極性紡織織物之形成係藉由極性紡織織物的側緣至相對側緣進行複數個經紗的差別織物收緊或經向轉向以產生彎曲經紗而賦予極性紡織織物一平坦彎曲構形。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之預成形體,其中該偏向織物為一在±45°平織紡織或縱向切開編結管。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之預成形體,其中該複合結構為複合渦輪扇殼、噴射引擎安全環、飛機機身框架、飛機窗框、及接合吊艙至飛機引擎的凸緣環。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之預成形體,其中該預成形體為軸對稱及/或非-軸對稱。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之預成形體,其中該偏向織物為連續或不連續。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之預成形體,其中該第一、第二及第三部份係由選自於由碳、耐綸、嫘縈、聚酯、纖維玻璃、綿花、玻璃、陶瓷、芳香族醯胺、及聚乙烯組成的群組中的材料而製成。
- 一種以一預成形體強化的三維複合結構,其包含:一第一部份,其具有複數個之一輪廓紡織織物及一偏向織物的交替層,其中該輪廓紡織織物包含與一或一以上層緯紗交織的一或一以上層經紗,其中該輪廓紡織織物之一輪廓形狀係藉由該一或一以上層經紗維持,該等經紗具有不同經紗長度,其賦予該輪廓紡織織物彎曲度,其中該偏向織物包含複數個紗在約±45°之非直角與該一或一以上層的經紗及緯紗交織或編結;及一基質材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之複合結構,其更包含:一第二部份,其包含一三維紡織織物, 其中該第二部份為附在該第一部份上。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之複合結構,其更包含:一第三部份,其包含複數個一極性紡織織物與該偏向織物之交替層,其中該極性紡織織物之形成係藉由極性紡織織物的側緣至相對側緣進行複數個經紗的差別織物收緊或經向轉向以產生彎曲經紗而賦予極性紡織織物一平坦彎曲構形。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之複合結構,其中其中該偏向織物為一在±45°平織紡織或縱向切開編結管。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之複合結構,其中該複合結構為複合渦輪扇殼、噴射引擎安全環、飛機機身框架、飛機窗框、及接合吊艙至飛機引擎的凸緣環。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之複合結構,該預成形體為軸對稱及/或非-軸對稱。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之複合結構,其中該偏向織物為連續或不連續。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之複合結構,其中該第一、第二及第三部份係由選自於由碳、耐綸、嫘縈、聚酯、纖維玻璃、綿花、玻璃、陶瓷、芳香族醯胺、及聚乙烯組成的群組中的材料而製成。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之複合結構,其中該複合結構由選自由樹脂膜滲透成型(RFI)、樹脂轉注成型或化學蒸氣過濾組成之組群中選出的方法形成。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項所述之複合結構,其中該基質材料係選自由環氧樹脂、聚酯、乙烯-酯、陶瓷及碳組成之組群中。
- 一種製造一用於強化複合結構的預成形體之方法,其包含步驟:形成一第一部份,其係藉由層合複數個一輪廓紡織織物及一偏向織物的交替層,其中該輪廓紡織織物的形成係藉由交織一或一以上層緯紗與一或一以上層經紗,其中該輪廓紡織織物之一輪廓形狀係藉由該一或一以上層經紗維持,該等經紗具有不同經紗長度,其賦予該輪廓紡織織物在紡織之後的彎曲度,及其中該偏向織物係藉由複數個紗在約±45°之非直角與一或一以上層的經紗及緯紗交織或編結而形成。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項所述之方法,其更包含步驟:藉由三維紡織一織物而形成一第二部份;及接合該第二部份至該第一部份。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項所述之方法,其更包含步驟:藉由層合複數個極性紡織織物與該偏向織物的交替層而形成一第三部份,其中該極性紡織織物形成係藉由極性紡織織物的側緣至相對側緣進行複數個經紗的差別織物收緊或經向轉向以產生彎曲經紗而賦予極性紡織織物一 平坦彎曲構形。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項所述之方法,其中該偏向織物為一在±45°平織紡織或縱向切開編結管。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項所述之方法,其中該複合結構為複合渦輪扇殼、噴射引擎安全環、飛機機身框架、飛機窗框、及接合吊艙至飛機引擎的凸緣環。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項所述之方法,其中該預成形體具有軸對稱及/或非-軸對稱結構。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項所述之方法,其中該偏向織物製成連續或不連續。
- 如申請專利範圍第21項所述之方法,其中該第一、第二及第三部份係由選自於由碳、耐綸、嫘縈、聚酯、纖維玻璃、綿花、玻璃、陶瓷、芳香族醯胺、及聚乙烯組成的群組中的材料而製成。
- 一種製造以一預成形體強化之三維複合結構的方法,其包含步驟:形成一預成形體的第一部份,其係藉由層合複數個一輪廓紡織織物及一偏向織物的交替層,其中該輪廓紡織織物的形成係藉由交織一或一以上層緯紗與一或一以上層經紗,其中該輪廓紡織織物之一輪廓形狀係藉由該一或一以上層經紗維持,該等經紗具有不同經紗長度,其賦予該輪廓紡織織物在紡織之後的彎曲度,及其中該偏向織物係藉由複數個紗在約±45°之非 直角與一或一以上層的經紗及緯紗交織而形成;及以一基質材料浸漬該紡織預成形體。
- 如申請專利範圍第27項之方法,其更包含步驟:藉由三維紡織一織物而形成一第二部份;及接合該第二部份至該第一部份。
- 如申請專利範圍第28項之方法,其更包含步驟:藉由層合複數個極性紡織織物與該偏向織物的交替層而形成一第三部份,其中該極性紡織織物形成係藉由極性紡織織物的側緣至相對側緣進行複數個經紗的差別織物收緊或經向轉向以產生彎曲經紗而賦予極性紡織織物一平坦彎曲構形。
- 如申請專利範圍第27項所述之方法,其中該偏向織物為一在±45°平織紡織或縱向切開編結管。
- 如申請專利範圍第27項所述之方法,其中該複合結構為複合渦輪扇殼、噴射引擎安全環、飛機機身框架、飛機窗框、及接合吊艙至飛機引擎的凸緣環。
- 如申請專利範圍第27項所述之方法,其中該預成形體具有軸對稱及/或非-軸對稱結構。
- 如申請專利範圍第27項所述之方法,其中該偏向織物製成連續或不連續。
- 如申請專利範圍第29項所述之方法,其中該第一、第二及第三部份係由選自於由碳、耐綸、嫘縈、聚酯、纖維玻璃、綿花、玻璃、陶瓷、芳香族醯胺、及聚乙烯組成 的群組中的材料而製成。
- 如申請專利範圍第27項所述之方法,其中浸漬方法為選自由樹脂膜滲透成型(RFI)、樹脂轉注成型或化學蒸氣過濾組成之組群中。
- 如申請專利範圍第27項所述之方法,其中該基質材料係選自由環氧樹脂、聚酯、乙烯-酯、陶瓷及碳組成之組群中。
- 一種以一如申請專利範圍第1項所述之預成形體強化的三維複合結構,其包含三或三以上的不同型式之材料紡織形式。
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US12/029,223 US8440276B2 (en) | 2008-02-11 | 2008-02-11 | Multidirectionally reinforced shape woven preforms for composite structures |
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US (1) | US8440276B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2242645B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5548624B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101851381B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101998905B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2009215014B9 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0908802B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2714602C (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2622131T3 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUE031749T2 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2010008730A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL2242645T3 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2504478C2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI598237B (zh) |
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-
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- 2009-02-09 MX MX2010008730A patent/MX2010008730A/es active IP Right Grant
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BRPI0908802A2 (pt) | 2015-07-21 |
AU2009215014A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
CA2714602C (en) | 2016-05-03 |
HUE031749T2 (en) | 2017-07-28 |
ZA201005736B (en) | 2011-10-26 |
RU2010134758A (ru) | 2013-02-20 |
US8440276B2 (en) | 2013-05-14 |
MX2010008730A (es) | 2011-06-01 |
CN101998905A (zh) | 2011-03-30 |
BRPI0908802B1 (pt) | 2019-05-14 |
CN101998905B (zh) | 2014-04-02 |
AU2009215014B2 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
JP2011516294A (ja) | 2011-05-26 |
JP5548624B2 (ja) | 2014-07-16 |
US20090202763A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
RU2504478C2 (ru) | 2014-01-20 |
KR101851381B1 (ko) | 2018-04-23 |
EP2242645B1 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
EP2242645A1 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
TW201000318A (en) | 2010-01-01 |
CA2714602A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
KR20110002009A (ko) | 2011-01-06 |
WO2009102650A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
AU2009215014B9 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
ES2622131T3 (es) | 2017-07-05 |
PL2242645T3 (pl) | 2017-07-31 |
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