TWI580343B - Power conversion device - Google Patents

Description

Power conversion device

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a power conversion device.

Since the power conversion device has been used in the past, the drive system such as the main motor (motor) of the electric vehicle has been operated. The power conversion device converts the electric power generated by the overhead line into the power required by the drive system to rotate the wheels of the electric vehicle.

The power conversion device as described above includes: a plurality of switching elements (for example, GTO (Gate Turn Off Thyristor), IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), etc.) Converter or converter, loss (heat) due to switching. Therefore, the power conversion device must use a cooler for cooling.

In the case of a cooler, for example, a heat sink or a blower is used. The heat sink discharges the heat of the component to the air by the traveling wind of the vehicle or the forced wind of the blower.

However, if the switching element with a large amount of heat is locally biased, the temperature of the heat receiving plate or the heat sink is partially at the position of the switching element. Becomes high. Therefore, it is necessary to enlarge the heat sink locally or collectively. At this time, the size of the power conversion device becomes large.

[Previous Technical Literature] [Patent Literature]

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2000-092819

Provided is a power conversion device that can efficiently discharge heat generated by a switching element and is miniaturized.

The power conversion device of the present embodiment generates electric power that is supplied to the load of the electric vehicle. The first switching element and the second switching element are connected in series between the positive electrode wiring of the direct current power and the first phase wiring of the alternating current power. The third switching element and the fourth switching element are connected in series between the first phase wiring of the AC power and the negative wiring of the DC power. The first switching element and the fourth switching element are arranged to be arranged in a substantially vertical direction with respect to the traveling direction of the electric vehicle. The second switching element and the third switching element are arranged in parallel with the arrangement of the first switching element and the fourth switching element. The interval between the first switching element and the fourth switching element and the interval between the second switching element and the third switching element are higher than the first or fourth switching element and the second adjacent to the first or fourth switching element. Or the third switch The spacing between the components is wider.

10‧‧‧Control Department

11‧‧‧Electric motor

12‧‧‧Split bow

13‧‧‧ overhead lines

20‧‧‧Transformers

30‧‧‧ converter

31‧‧‧U phase switching

32‧‧‧V phase switching

40‧‧‧Converter

41‧‧‧U phase switching

42‧‧‧V phase switching

43‧‧‧W phase switching

50‧‧‧Circuit breaker

61, 62‧‧‧Charging resistor

71~74‧‧‧Contactor

81, 82‧‧‧ voltage divider capacitor

90‧‧‧ Current Detector

100‧‧‧Power conversion device

200‧‧‧ frame

201‧‧‧Transfer Department

202‧‧‧Transformer Department

203‧‧‧Control Department

204‧‧‧Switch/Sensor Department

300‧‧‧ Heat sink

350‧‧‧heated plate

C‧‧‧Neutral wiring

CD1‧‧‧1st clamping element

CD2‧‧‧2nd clamping element

CD1-1, CD1-2‧‧‧1st clamp diode

CD2-1, CD2-2‧‧‧2nd clamp diode

D1~D4, D11, D12, D13, D14, D21, D22, D23, D24‧‧

N‧‧‧Negative wiring

N1‧‧‧1st node

N2‧‧‧ Node 2

P‧‧‧positive wiring

Q1~Q4‧‧‧1st to 4th switching elements

Q1-1, Q1-2‧‧‧1st transistor

Q2-1, Q2-2‧‧‧2nd transistor

Q3-1, Q3-2‧‧‧3rd transistor

Q4-1, Q4-2‧‧‧4th transistor

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of a power conversion device 100 mounted on an electric vehicle such as a railway.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of the arrangement of each component of the power conversion device 100.

FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the switching unit 41.

4 is a schematic layout view showing the arrangement of the switching units 41 to 43 in the converter 40 and the arrangement of the first to fourth switching elements Q1 to Q4.

Fig. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the switching unit 41 according to the second embodiment.

Fig. 6 is a schematic layout view showing the arrangement of the first to fourth transistors Q1-1 to Q4-2.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. This embodiment is not intended to limit the inventors of the present invention.

(First embodiment)

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of a power conversion device 100 mounted on an electric vehicle. An electric vehicle is a vehicle that travels with electric power on a rail such as a railway. The power conversion device 100 is collected by the overhead line 13 The bow 12 receives AC power, converts the AC power into three-phase AC power, and supplies the three-phase AC power to an electric motor (for example, a three-phase AC motor) 11.

The power conversion device 100 includes a control unit 10, a transformer 20, a converter 30, a converter 40, a circuit breaker 50, charging resistors 61 and 62, contactors 71 to 74, voltage dividing capacitors 81 and 82, and current detection. 90. The transformer 20 and the circuit breaker 50 may be different from the power conversion device 100.

The transformer 20 transmits the AC power from the overhead line 13 through the current collecting bow 12, and transforms the AC power into the converter 30 from the secondary coil. For example, the transformer 20 supplies the single-phase AC power of the U phase and the V phase to the converter 30 by the secondary coil. Two wirings (U-phase wiring and V-phase wiring) are provided between the transformer 20 and the converter 30, and these wirings transmit single-phase AC power to the converter 30.

The converter 30 receives AC power from the secondary coil of the transformer 20, and converts the AC power into DC power. The converter 30 is provided with, for example, a U-phase switching unit 31 and a V-phase switching unit 32. The U-phase switching unit 31 switches the U-phase among the single-phase AC power to convert the U-phase power into DC power. The V-phase switching unit 32 switches the V-phase of the single-phase AC power to convert the V-phase power into DC power. Three wirings (positive wiring P, negative wiring N, and neutral wiring C) are provided between the converter 30 and the converter 40, and these wirings transmit DC power to the converter 40. The internal configuration of the switching units 31 and 32 will be described later.

The converter 40 receives DC power from the converter 30 and converts the DC power into three-phase AC power. The converter 40 includes, for example, a U-phase switching unit 41, a V-phase switching unit 42, and a W-phase switching unit 43. The U-phase switching unit 41 receives DC power and outputs U-phase AC power among the three-phase AC power. The V-phase switching unit 42 receives DC power and outputs V-phase AC power among the three-phase AC power. The W-phase switching unit 43 receives DC power and outputs W-phase AC power among the three-phase AC power. Three wirings (U-phase wiring, V-phase wiring, and W-phase wiring) are provided between the converter 40 and the motor 11, and these wirings transmit three-phase AC power to the motor 11. A three-phase AC power system is used to drive the motor 11. The internal configuration of the switching units 41 to 43 will be described later.

The circuit breaker 50 is a main power switch provided between the pantograph 12 and the transformer 20, such as a VCB (Vacuum Circuit Breaker). The contactor 72 and the contactor 74 are U-phase wiring and V-phase wiring which are provided between the secondary coil of the transformer 20 and the converter 30, respectively. The contactor 72 and the contactor 74 are, for example, high speed circuit breakers that interrupt power when a major fault occurs. The contactor 71 and the charging resistor 61 are connected in series, and are connected in parallel with respect to the contactor 72. The contactor 73 and the charging resistor 62 are also connected in series, and are connected in parallel with respect to the contactor 74. The contactors 71 and 72 and the charging resistors 61 and 62 are used to slowly charge the voltage dividing capacitors 81 and 82 when the power conversion device 100 is started up.

The voltage dividing capacitor 81 is connected between the positive electrode wiring P and the neutral point wiring C. The voltage dividing capacitor 82 is connected to the neutral point wiring C Between the negative electrode wiring N and the negative electrode. The neutral point wiring C is a voltage (for example, an intermediate voltage) between the positive electrode wiring P and the negative electrode wiring N by the voltage dividing capacitors 81 and 82.

The current detector 90 is connected to the neutral point line C, the ground, and the control unit 10, and detects a current flowing through the neutral point line C to the ground or a current flowing in the opposite direction, and outputs the current measurement value to Control unit 10.

The control unit 10 controls each component of the power conversion device such as the converter 30, the converter 40, and the circuit breakers 50 and 71 to 74. For example, the control unit 10 controls the switching state (ON state or OFF state) of the switching elements constituting the converter 30 and the converter 40.

The electric motor 11 as a load receives the three-phase AC power from the power conversion device 100 and drives it. The electric vehicle 11 rotates the wheels of the electric vehicle, and the electric vehicle can travel on a rail such as a railway.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of the arrangement of each component of the power conversion device 100. The components of the power conversion device 100 are housed inside the casing 200. The arrow X indicates the traveling direction of the electric vehicle (the long side direction of the electric vehicle). The arrow Y indicates that the traveling direction of the electric vehicle is substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel.

The converter unit 201 is a portion including the converter 30. The converter portion 202 is a portion including the converter 40. The control unit 203 is a part including the control unit 10. The switch/sensor portion 204 is a portion including the contacts 71 to 74 and the current detector 90.

The converter unit 201, the converter unit 202, and the control unit 203 and the switch/sensor unit 204 are grouped by means of wiring or heat resistance, and are not grouped. Further, the power conversion device 100 is configured by at least the converter unit 201, the converter unit 202, and the heat sink 300.

Further, in the power conversion device 100, the converter unit 201 and the converter unit 202 are arranged in line in the traveling direction X of the electric vehicle. Further, by arranging the converter unit 201 and the converter unit 202 close to the one side surface of the electric vehicle, the converter unit can be easily connected to the opening of the power conversion device 100 provided on the side surface side of the electric vehicle. 201 and the converter unit 202 are accessed. Thereby, it is easy to take out the converter unit 201 and the converter unit 202. Further, since there are many operations such as inspections performed on the side surface of the electric vehicle, work can be performed continuously on the side surface of the electric vehicle, whereby work can be made more efficient.

Further, the switching portions 31 and 32 in the converter unit 201 are attached to the heat receiving plate (see 350 of FIG. 4(B)), and are thermally connected to the heat sink 300 that extends from the heat receiving plate to the outside of the casing 200. The switching portions 41 to 43 in the converter portion 202 are also mounted on the heat receiving plate, and are thermally connected to the heat sink 300 that extends from the heat receiving plate to the outside of the casing 200. Thereby, the heat generated in the switching sections 31, 32, and 41-43 is transmitted to the heat sink 300 through the heat receiving plate, and the heat sink 300 is radiated. The heat receiving plates of the converter unit 201 and the heat receiving plates of the converter unit 202 may be different from each other or may be integrated.

FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the switching unit 41. Although the switching sections 31, 32, and 41 to 43 are in wiring with AC power (U-phase wiring, V-phase wiring, W-phase wiring) and DC power wiring (positive wiring P, negative wiring N, and neutral wiring C) are different in connection relationship, but have the same configuration. The switching unit 41 will be described below, and the description of the other switching units 31, 32, 42, and 43 will be omitted.

The switching unit 41 includes a first switching element Q1, a second switching element Q2, a third switching element Q3, a fourth switching element Q4, a first clamping element CD1, and a second clamping element CD2.

The first switching element Q1 and the second switching element Q2 are connected in series between the positive electrode wiring P of DC power and the U-phase wiring (first phase wiring) of AC power. The third switching element Q3 and the fourth switching element Q4 are connected in series between the U-phase wiring of the AC power and the negative wiring N of the DC power. In other words, in the equivalent circuit, the first to fourth switching elements Q1 to Q4 are connected in series from the positive electrode wiring P to the negative electrode wiring N in the order of Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4. The node between the second switching element Q2 and the third switching element Q3 is connected to the U-phase wiring. The switching elements Q1 to Q4 are each formed of a power semiconductor transistor such as a GTO or an IGBT.

The first clamp element CD1 is connected between the first node N1 between the first switching element Q1 and the second switching element Q2 and the neutral point wiring C of DC power. The second clamp element CD2 is connected between the second node N2 between the third switching element Q3 and the fourth switching element Q4 and the neutral point wiring C of DC power. In other words, the first and second clamp elements CD1 and CD2 are connected in series between the first node N1 and the second node N2. Between the first clamp element CD1 and the second clamp element CD2 The node system is connected to the neutral point wiring C. The clamp elements CD1 and CD2 are composed of, for example, a clamped diode. The anode of the first clamp element CD1 is connected to the neutral point wiring C, and the cathode is connected to the node N1. The anode of the second clamp element CD2 is connected to the node N2, and the cathode is connected to the neutral point wiring C.

The switching unit 41 having the configuration described above receives DC power from the positive electrode wiring P, the negative wiring N, and the neutral wiring C, and generates a sine wave of U-phase power of three-phase AC power.

(Generation of sine wave on the positive side)

For example, first, when the second switching element Q2 is in the ON state and the fourth switching element Q4 is in the OFF state, the first switching element Q1 and the third switching element Q3 are alternately and alternately switched. In other words, the first switching element Q1 is turned on and off, and the third switching element Q3 is turned off and on in the reverse direction of the first switching element Q1. When the first switching element Q1 is in the ON state and the third switching element Q3 is in the OFF state, the U-phase wiring is connected to the positive wiring P and receives a positive voltage. When the third switching element Q3 is in the ON state and the first switching element Q1 is in the OFF state, the U-phase wiring is connected to the neutral point wiring C through the first and second clamp elements CD1 and CD2, and Accept the intermediate voltage (the voltage between the positive and negative voltages).

In the period in which the second switching element Q2 is kept in the ON state and the fourth switching element Q4 is in the OFF state, the first switching element Q1 is turned on in the first state in order to make the voltage of the U-phase wiring sinusoidal. The third ON period in which the ON period and the third switching element Q3 are in the ON state is changed as follows.

For example, the third switching element Q3 is almost continuously turned on. At this time, the voltage of the U-phase wiring is substantially equal to the voltage of the neutral point wiring C of the DC power.

In this state, the third ON period in which the third switching element Q3 is in the ON state is gradually shortened, and conversely, the first ON period in which the first switching element Q3 is in the ON state gradually becomes longer. Thereby, the voltage of the U-phase wiring is gradually brought closer to the voltage of the positive electrode wiring P by the voltage of the neutral point wiring C.

Thereafter, the first ON period is gradually longer than the third ON period, and the first switching element Q1 is almost continuously turned on. Thereby, the voltage of the U-phase wiring is substantially equal to the voltage of the positive electrode wiring P of the DC power.

After that, the third on-period is gradually longer than the first on-period, and the third switching element Q3 is almost continuously turned on. Thereby, the voltage of the U-phase wiring is returned to the voltage of the neutral point wiring C. As described above, the voltage of the U-phase wiring is changed so that the voltage of the neutral-point wiring C temporarily rises toward the voltage of the positive-electrode wiring P and returns to the voltage of the neutral-point wiring C. As a result, the voltage of the U-phase wiring changes to a sinusoidal waveform between the voltage of the neutral point wiring C and the voltage of the positive electrode wiring P. That is, the voltage of the U-phase wiring becomes a sine wave (mountain curve) on the positive electrode side.

(Generation of sine wave on the negative side)

Next, when the third switching element Q3 is continuously turned on, the first cut When the switching element Q1 is in the off state, the second switching element Q2 and the fourth switching element Q4 are complementarily and alternately switched. In other words, the second switching element Q2 is turned on and off, and the fourth switching element Q4 is turned off and on in the opposite direction to the second switching element Q2. When the second switching element Q2 is in the ON state and the fourth switching element Q4 is in the OFF state, the U-phase wiring is connected to the neutral point wiring C through the first and second clamp elements CD1 and CD2 and is received in the middle. Voltage (voltage between positive and negative voltages). When the fourth switching element Q4 is in the ON state and the second switching element Q2 is in the OFF state, the U-phase wiring is connected to the negative wiring N and receives a negative voltage.

While the third switching element Q3 continues to be in the ON state and the first switching element Q1 continues to be in the OFF state, the second switching element Q2 is turned on in the second state in order to make the U-phase wiring voltage sinusoidal. The fourth ON period in which the ON period and the fourth switching element Q4 are in the ON state is changed as follows.

For example, after the sine wave on the positive side is generated, the second and third switching elements Q2 and Q3 are turned on, and the first and fourth switching elements Q1 and Q4 are turned on. At this time, the voltage of the U-phase wiring is substantially equal to the voltage of the neutral point wiring C of the DC power.

In this state, the second ON period in which the second switching element Q2 is in the ON state is gradually shortened, and conversely, the fourth ON period in which the fourth switching element Q4 is in the ON state gradually becomes longer. Thereby, the voltage of the U-phase wiring is gradually brought closer to the voltage of the negative wiring N by the voltage of the neutral point wiring C.

After that, the fourth on period gradually changes from the second on period. The fourth switching element Q4 is almost continuously turned on. Thereby, the voltage of the U-phase wiring is substantially equal to the voltage of the negative-electrode wiring N of the DC power.

After that, the second on-period is gradually longer than the fourth on-period, and the second switching element Q2 is almost continuously turned on. Thereby, the voltage of the U-phase wiring is returned to the voltage of the neutral point wiring C. As a result, the voltage of the U-phase wiring is temporarily decreased toward the voltage of the negative-electrode wiring N by the voltage of the neutral-point wiring C, and changes to the voltage of the neutral-point wiring C. Thereby, the voltage of the U-phase wiring changes to a sinusoidal waveform between the voltage of the neutral-point wiring C and the voltage of the negative-electrode wiring N. That is, the voltage of the U-phase wiring is a sine wave (valley curve) on the negative side.

The switching unit 41 can form the sine wave of the U phase by repeatedly generating the sine wave on the positive electrode side and the sine wave on the negative side.

The switching units 42 and 43 operate in the same manner as the switching unit 41, and can form the V-phase and W-phase voltages into sinusoidal waves. However, the switching units 41 to 43 respectively generate a sine wave by shifting the phase by about 120 degrees. Thereby, the converter 40 including the switching sections 41 to 43 can convert DC power into three-phase AC power.

Further, the switching units 31 and 32 also operate substantially in the same manner as the switching unit 41, whereby the single-phase AC power from the transformer 20 can be converted into DC power. For example, the switching unit 31 receives the U phase of the single-phase AC power at the node between the second switching element Q2 and the third switching element Q3 of Fig. 3 . Next, the switching elements Q1 to Q4 of the switching unit 31 are A positive voltage is output from the positive electrode wiring P of FIG. 3, and a switching operation is performed such that the negative electrode wiring N outputs a negative voltage. Thereby, the switching unit 31 can convert the U phase of the single-phase AC power into DC power. The switching unit 32 operates in the same manner as the switching unit 31, and converts the V phase of the single-phase AC power into DC power. However, since the phases of the U phase and the V phase are shifted by 180 degrees, the switching sections 31 and 32 perform switching operations at timings suitable for the U phase and the V phase, respectively. Thereby, the converter 30 including the switching sections 31 and 32 can convert single-phase AC power into DC power.

Next, the arrangement of the switching units 41 to 43 and the first to fourth switching elements Q1 to Q4 will be described.

4(A) is a schematic layout view showing the arrangement of the switching units 41 to 43 in the converter 40. The switching units 41 to 43 are arranged in a substantially vertical direction Y with respect to the traveling direction X of the electric vehicle. Thereby, the width of the current transformer 40 in the Y direction (the wide direction of the electric vehicle) is widened, so that the fins located below the current transformer 40 are easily subjected to the traveling wind, and the heat release efficiency is improved. Further, the length of the current transformer 40 in the X direction (the longitudinal direction of the electric vehicle) is shortened. As a result, the length of the power conversion device 100 in the X direction is shortened. Therefore, even if the distance between the wheels of the electric vehicle is shortened, the power conversion device 100 can be easily disposed.

Among them, the switching portions 31 and 32 of the converter 30 are also arranged in a substantially vertical direction Y with respect to the traveling direction X of the electric vehicle. Therefore, the converter 30 can be said to be the same as the converter 40.

FIG. 4(B) is a schematic layout view showing the arrangement of the first to fourth switching elements Q1 to Q4. Among them, the first to fourth shown in Figure 4 (B) The switching elements Q1 to Q4 may be any switching elements of the switching units 31, 32, and 41 to 43. Of course, the switching elements of all the switching sections 31, 32, 41-43 can also be arranged in the layout shown in FIG. 4(B). 4(B) shows the arrangement of the switching elements Q1 to Q4 and the clamp elements CD1 and CD2 on the heat receiving plate 350. In FIG. 4(B), the illustration of the metal wiring board which connects the terminal of the switching elements Q1 - Q4 and the terminal of the clamp elements CD1 and CD2 is abbreviate|omitted. The metal wiring board is provided on the terminals of the switching elements Q1 to Q4 and the terminals of the clamp elements CD1 and CD2, and the switching elements Q1 to Q4 and the clamp elements CD1 and CD2 are the same as the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. Ground for electrical connection.

The first switching element Q1 and the fourth switching element Q4 are arranged to be aligned with respect to the traveling direction X of the electric vehicle in the substantially vertical direction Y. The second switching element Q2 and the third switching element Q3 are also arranged in parallel with the arrangement of the first switching element Q1 and the fourth switching element Q4 in the direction Y. Further, the first switching element Q1 and the second switching element Q2 are arranged adjacent to each other in the traveling direction X of the electric vehicle. The third switching element Q3 and the fourth switching element Q4 are also arranged adjacent to each other in the direction X.

Further, the interval D1 between the first switching element Q1 and the fourth switching element Q4 and the interval D2 between the second switching element Q2 and the third switching element Q3 are smaller than the first switching element Q1 and the second switching adjacent thereto. The interval D3 between the elements Q2 and the interval D4 between the fourth switching element Q4 and the third switching element Q3 adjacent thereto are wider.

The first clamp portion CD1 is disposed between the first switching element Q1 and the fourth switching element Q4. The second clamp portion CD2 is arranged in the first 2 between the switching element Q2 and the third switching element Q3.

Here, referring to the generation operation of the sine wave, it is understood that the first and fourth switching elements Q1 and Q4 are different in timing, but the same operation is repeated periodically. The first and fourth switching elements Q1 and Q4 can also be said to be mutually symmetrical. It can be seen that the second and third switching elements Q2 and Q3 are also different in timing, but periodically repeat the same operation. The second and third switching elements Q2 and Q3 can also be said to be mutually symmetrical. On the other hand, the operations of the first and fourth switching elements Q1 and Q4 are basically different from the operations of the second and third switching elements Q2 and Q3. That is, the operations of the first and fourth switching elements Q1 and Q4 and the operations of the second and third switching elements Q2 and Q3 are not symmetrical. Therefore, during the traveling of the electric vehicle, the first and fourth switching elements Q1 and Q4 generate substantially equal heat loss (switching loss), and the second and third switching elements Q2 and Q3 generate substantially equal heat loss (switching loss). ). That is, in the electric vehicle traveling, the heat generation amounts of the first and fourth switching elements Q1 and Q4 are substantially equal, and the heat generation amounts of the second and third switching elements Q2 and Q3 are substantially equal.

As described above, by widening the intervals D1 and D2 between the switching elements having substantially the same heat loss, it is possible to suppress the heat from being locally concentrated on the heat receiving plate 350 and the heat sink 300. Thereby, the heat receiving plate 350 and the heat sink 300 can efficiently release heat. Further, due to the heat dispersion, the fins 300 do not need to be locally formed large, and can be substantially uniformly reduced as a whole. This is related to miniaturization of the power conversion device 100.

In the present embodiment, the first clamp element CD1 is provided between the first switching element Q1 and the fourth switching element Q4. By this, no waves The space between the first switching element Q1 and the fourth switching element Q4 can be widened by the interval D1. Further, a second clamp element CD2 is provided between the second switching element Q2 and the third switching element Q3. Thereby, the space between the second switching element Q2 and the third switching element Q3 is not wasted, and the interval D2 can be widened.

Although the interval D3 is relatively narrow, the first and second switching elements Q1 and Q2 are reversed in asymmetrical manner as described above, and thus the heat loss is different from each other. The interval D4 is also relatively narrow as in the case of D3, and the third and fourth switching elements Q3 and Q4 also operate in an asymmetrical manner as described above, and thus the heat loss is different from each other. Therefore, the intervals D3 and D4 may be narrower than the intervals D1 and D2. By narrowing the intervals D3 and D4, the lengths of the switching portions 31, 32, and 41 to 43 in the traveling direction X of the electric vehicle are shortened. Thereby, even if the distance between the front wheel and the rear wheel of the electric vehicle becomes short, the power conversion device 100 becomes easier to arrange.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4(B), by arranging the switching element Q1, the clamp element CD1, and the switching element Q4 adjacent to the switching element Q2, the clamp element CD2, and the switching element Q3 in the X direction, the metal wiring can be reduced. board. Thereby, the inductance of the metal wiring board can be lowered. By lowering the inductance of the metal wiring board, the surge voltage in the switching operation of the switching elements Q1 to Q4 can be lowered.

However, in the layout shown in FIG. 4(B), the positions of the first clamp element CD1 and the second clamp element CD2 may be replaced with each other. Further, the positions of the first switching element Q1 and the second switching element Q2 may be replaced with each other. If the first switching element Q1 and the second switching element Q2 are replaced The position is preferably such that the distance between the second switching element Q2 and the third switching element Q3 does not become long, and the positions of the third switching element Q3 and the fourth switching element Q4 are also replaced with each other.

(Second embodiment)

Fig. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of the switching unit 41 according to the second embodiment. The switching units 31, 32, and 41 to 43 are different in the connection relationship, but have the same configuration. The switching unit 41 will be described below, and the description of the other switching units 31, 32, 42, and 43 will be omitted.

In the second embodiment, the first to fourth switching elements Q1 to Q4 are each constituted by a plurality of transistors connected in parallel. Further, the first and second clamp elements CD1 and CD2 are each constituted by a plurality of clamped diodes connected in parallel.

More specifically, the first switching element Q1 includes a plurality of first transistors Q1-1 and Q1-2 connected in parallel with each other. The second switching element Q2 includes a plurality of second transistors Q2-1 and Q2-2 connected in parallel with each other. The third switching element Q3 includes a plurality of third transistors Q3-1 and Q3-2 connected in parallel with each other. The fourth switching element Q4 includes a plurality of fourth transistors Q4-1 and Q4-2 connected in parallel with each other.

The first clamp element CD1 includes a plurality of first clamp diodes CD1-1 and CD1-2 connected in parallel with each other. The first clamp diodes CD1-1 and CD1-2 are arranged so as to be aligned in the traveling direction X of the electric vehicle, and are connected in parallel to each other. The second clamp element CD2 includes a plurality of second clamp diodes CD2-1 and CD2-2 which are connected in parallel to each other. First The two clamped diodes CD2-1 and CD2-2 are arranged in parallel with the arrangement of the first clamped diodes CD1-1 and CD1-2, and arranged in the traveling direction X of the electric vehicle. Connected in parallel.

Thereby, the power conversion device 100 obtained in the second embodiment can circulate a relatively large current. Other configurations of the second embodiment may be the same as those of the first embodiment.

Fig. 6 is a schematic layout view showing the arrangement of the first to fourth transistors Q1-1 to Q4-2. The first to fourth transistors Q1-1 to Q4-2 shown in FIG. 6 may be used in any of the switching elements 31, 32, and 41 to 43. Of course, the switching elements of all the switching sections 31, 32, 41-43 can also be arranged in the layout shown in FIG. In addition, FIG. 6 shows the arrangement of the first to fourth transistors Q1-1 to Q4-2 and the clamp diodes CD1-1 to CD2-2 on the heat receiving plate 350.

The first switching element Q1 and the fourth switching element Q4 are arranged to be aligned in a substantially vertical direction Y with respect to the traveling direction X of the electric vehicle. In the first switching element Q1, the plurality of first transistors Q1-1 and Q1-2 are arranged to be aligned in the direction Y. In the fourth switching element Q4, the plurality of fourth transistors Q4-1 and Q4-2 are arranged in the direction Y.

Similarly, the second switching element Q2 and the third switching element Q3 are arranged in the direction Y. In the second switching element Q2, the plurality of second transistors Q2-1 and Q2-2 are arranged in parallel with the arrangement of the plurality of first transistors Q1-1 and Q1-2 in the direction Y. In the third switching element Q3, the plurality of third transistors Q3-1, Q3-2 It is arranged in parallel with the arrangement of the plurality of fourth transistors Q4-1 and Q4-2 in the direction Y.

The first switching element Q1 and the second switching element Q2 are arranged adjacent to each other in the traveling direction X of the electric vehicle. The third switching element Q3 and the fourth switching element Q4 are arranged adjacent to each other in the traveling direction X of the electric vehicle.

Further, the interval D11 between the first transistors Q1-1 and Q1-2, the interval D12 between the second transistors Q2-1 and Q2-2, and the third transistor Q3-1 and Q3-2 The interval D13 and the interval D14 between the fourth transistors Q4-1 and Q4-2 are larger than the interval D21 between the first transistor Q1-1 and the second transistor Q2-1 adjacent to each other in the X direction. The interval D22 between the first transistor Q1-2 and the second transistor Q2-2 adjacent in the X direction, and between the third transistor Q3-1 and the fourth transistor Q4-1 adjacent to each other in the X direction The interval D23 and the interval D24 between the third transistor Q3-2 and the fourth transistor Q4-2 which are adjacent to each other in the X direction are wider.

The first clamp diode CD1-1 is disposed between the first transistors Q1-1 and Q1-2. The first clamp diode CD1-2 is disposed between the second transistors Q2-1 and Q2-2. The second clamp diode CD2-1 is disposed between the third transistors Q3-1 and Q3-2. The second clamp diode CD2-2 is disposed between the fourth transistors Q4-1 and Q4-2.

Here, the first transistors Q1-1 and Q1-2 are included in the first switching element Q1, and operate in the same order. Therefore, the first transistors Q1-1 and Q1-2 generate substantially equal heat loss. The second transistors Q2-1 and Q2-2 are included in the second switching element Q2 at the same timing Do the same in the same way. Therefore, the second transistors Q2-1 and Q2-2 also generate substantially equal heat loss. The third transistors Q3-1 and Q3-2 are included in the third switching element Q3, and operate in the same order. Therefore, the third transistors Q3-1 and Q3-2 also generate substantially equal heat loss. The fourth transistors Q4-1 and Q4-2 are included in the fourth switching element Q4, and operate in the same manner at the same timing. Therefore, the fourth transistors Q4-1 and Q4-2 also generate substantially equal heat loss.

As described above, by widening the intervals D11 to D14 of the switching elements having substantially the same heat loss, it is possible to suppress the heat from being locally concentrated on the heat receiving plate 350 and the heat sink 300. Thereby, the heat receiving plate 350 and the heat sink 300 can efficiently release heat. Further, the heat sink 300 does not need to be locally formed to be large due to heat dispersion, and can be substantially uniformly reduced as a whole. This is related to miniaturization of the power conversion device 100.

In the second embodiment, the first clamp diode CD1-1 is provided between the first transistors Q1-1 and Q1-2, and the second transistor Q2-1 and Q2-2 are provided between the second transistors Q1-1 and Q2-2. The first clamp diode CD1-2 has a second clamp diode CD2-1 between the third transistor Q3-1 and Q3-2, and a fourth transistor Q4-1 and Q4-2. A second clamp diode CD2-2 is provided between them. Thereby, the space between the first transistors Q1-1 and Q1-2, the space between the second transistors Q2-1 and Q2-2, and the third transistors Q3-1 and Q3-2 are not wasted. In the space between the space and the space between the fourth transistor Q4-1 and Q4-2, the interval D11 to D14 can be widened.

Although the intervals D21 to 24 are relatively narrow, the first and second switching elements Q1 and Q2 are as described above, and the asymmetrical operation is repeated. Therefore, the heat losses are different from each other. Further, as described above, the third and fourth switching elements Q3 and Q4 also have different heat loss due to the operation of asymmetrical asymmetry. Therefore, the interval D21~24 can be relatively narrow compared to the interval D11~D14. By narrowing the interval D21 to 24, the lengths of the switching portions 31, 32, and 41 to 43 in the traveling direction X of the electric vehicle are shortened. Thereby, even if the distance between the front wheel and the rear wheel of the electric vehicle becomes short, the power conversion device 100 can be easily disposed.

In the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the switching element Q1, the clamp element CD1, and the switching element Q4 are disposed adjacent to the switching element Q2, the clamp element CD2, and the switching element Q3 in the X direction. Thereby, the metal wiring board becomes small, and the inductance of the wiring can be reduced. Thereby, the surge voltage in the switching operation of the switching elements Q1 to Q4 can be lowered.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the embodiments are presented as examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. The embodiments and the modifications thereof are included in the scope of the invention and the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

40‧‧‧Converter

41‧‧‧U phase switching

42‧‧‧V phase switching

43‧‧‧W phase switching

350‧‧‧heated plate

CD1‧‧‧1st clamping element

CD2‧‧‧2nd clamping element

D1~D4‧‧‧ interval

Q1~Q4‧‧‧1st to 4th switching elements

Claims (12)

A power conversion device that generates electric power that is supplied to a load of an electric vehicle, and is characterized in that: a first power supply line that is connected in series to a direct current line of direct current power and a first phase line of alternating current power is provided a switching element and a second switching element; and a third switching element and a fourth switching element connected in series between the first phase wiring of the AC power and the negative wiring of the DC power, the first switching element and the first The switching elements are arranged in a substantially vertical direction with respect to the traveling direction of the electric vehicle, and the second switching element and the third switching element are arranged in alignment with the first switching element and the fourth switching element. Arranged in parallel, the interval between the first switching element and the fourth switching element, and the interval between the second switching element and the third switching element are higher than the first or fourth switching element The interval between the second or third switching elements adjacent to the first or fourth switching elements is wider. The power conversion device according to claim 1, further comprising: a first node connected between the first switching element and the second switching element, and a neutral point of the DC power a first clamping element; and connected between the third switching element and the fourth switching element The second node between the second node and the neutral point of the DC power, wherein one of the first or second clamp portions is disposed between the first switching element and the fourth switching element The other of the first or second clamp portions is disposed between the second switching element and the third switching element. The power conversion device according to claim 1, wherein in the equivalent circuit, the first switching element, the second switching element, the third switching element, and the fourth switching element are in the order of DC The positive electrode wiring of the electric power is connected in series to the negative electrode wiring. The power conversion device according to claim 1, wherein the first switching element and the second switching element are arranged adjacent to each other in a traveling direction of the electric vehicle, and the third switching element and the fourth switching element are configured as described above The traveling direction of the electric vehicle is adjacent to the arrangement. The power conversion device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, when the second switching element is in an ON state and the fourth switching element is in an OFF state, the first switching The element is alternately and alternately switched between the third switching element, and when the third switching element is in an ON state and the first switching element is in an OFF state, the second switching element and the fourth switching power are The crystal systems are complementary and alternately switch. A power conversion device that is a power conversion device that generates power supplied to a load of an electric vehicle, and is characterized by: The first switching element and the second switching element that are connected in series between the positive electrode wiring of the direct current power and the first phase wiring of the alternating current power, and the first phase wiring and the direct current that are connected in series to the alternating current power The third switching element and the fourth switching element between the negative electrode wirings of the electric power, the first switching element includes a plurality of the switching elements arranged in a substantially vertical direction with respect to the traveling direction of the electric vehicle, and are connected in parallel to each other In the first transistor, the second switching element includes a plurality of second transistors arranged in parallel with the arrangement of the plurality of first transistors, and connected in parallel to each other, and the third switching element includes a plurality of third transistors arranged in parallel with each other in a direction in which the traveling direction of the electric vehicle is arranged in a substantially vertical direction, and the fourth switching element includes a parallel arrangement with the arrangement of the plurality of third transistors. a plurality of fourth transistors arranged in parallel with each other, an interval between the plurality of first transistors, and a space between the plurality of second transistors The interval between the plurality of third transistors and the interval between the plurality of fourth transistors are higher than the first or fourth transistor and the second or third transistor adjacent to the first or fourth transistor. The interval between them is wider. For example, the power conversion device of claim 6 of the patent scope, wherein The first clamp device connected between the first node between the first switching element and the second switching element and the neutral point of the DC power; and the third switching device The second node between the element and the fourth switching element and the second clamping element between the neutral point and the DC power, wherein the first or second clamping unit is disposed in the first plurality Between the transistors and between the plurality of second transistors, the other of the first or second clamp portions is disposed between the plurality of third transistors and between the plurality of fourth transistors. The power conversion device according to claim 7, wherein the first clamp element includes a plurality of first clamp diodes arranged in parallel with each other in a traveling direction of the electric vehicle, and connected in parallel with each other. The second clamp element includes a plurality of second clamp diodes arranged in parallel with the arrangement of the plurality of first clamp diodes and connected in parallel with each other. The power conversion device according to claim 6, wherein in the equivalent circuit, the first switching element, the second switching element, the third switching element, and the fourth switching element are in the order of DC The positive electrode wiring of the electric power is connected in series to the negative electrode wiring. The power conversion device according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of first transistors and the plurality of second crystal systems are arranged adjacent to each other in a traveling direction of the electric vehicle. The plurality of third transistors and the plurality of fourth electromorph systems are arranged adjacent to each other in the traveling direction of the electric vehicle. The power conversion device according to claim 6, wherein when the second switching element is in an ON state and the fourth switching element is in an OFF state, the first switching element and the third switching element are The switching operation is alternately and alternately performed. When the third switching element is in the ON state and the first switching element is in the OFF state, the second switching element is complementary to the fourth switching transistor system and alternately switches. . The electric power conversion device according to any one of claims 6 to 11, wherein, in the electric vehicle traveling, the plurality of first electro-crystal systems operate simultaneously, and the plurality of second electro-crystal systems simultaneously operate, The plurality of third electromorphic systems operate simultaneously, and the plurality of fourth electromorphic systems simultaneously operate.