TWI546273B - In-Ga-Zn-based oxide sputtering target and a method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents
In-Ga-Zn-based oxide sputtering target and a method for manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI546273B TWI546273B TW101116724A TW101116724A TWI546273B TW I546273 B TWI546273 B TW I546273B TW 101116724 A TW101116724 A TW 101116724A TW 101116724 A TW101116724 A TW 101116724A TW I546273 B TWI546273 B TW I546273B
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- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- sputtering target
- target
- less
- indium
- Prior art date
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- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002472 indium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002259 gallium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 4
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004549 pulsed laser deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001028 reflection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000519995 Stachys sylvatica Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010047571 Visual impairment Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021513 gallium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNUARHPNFXVKEI-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ga+3] DNUARHPNFXVKEI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- IGUXCTSQIGAGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[In+3] IGUXCTSQIGAGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003826 uniaxial pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
- C23C14/086—Oxides of zinc, germanium, cadmium, indium, tin, thallium or bismuth
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
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- C04B35/453—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates
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- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
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- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
- C04B35/6455—Hot isostatic pressing
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- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3407—Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target
- C23C14/3414—Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/08—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances oxides
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
- H01B5/14—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form comprising conductive layers or films on insulating-supports
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/34—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies not provided for in groups H01L21/0405, H01L21/0445, H01L21/06, H01L21/16 and H01L21/18 with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/24—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only semiconductor materials not provided for in groups H01L29/16, H01L29/18, H01L29/20, H01L29/22
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3284—Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3286—Gallium oxides, gallates, indium oxides, indates, thallium oxides, thallates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. zinc gallate
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/40—Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
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Description
本發明係關於一種氧化物半導體或透明導電膜等氧化物薄膜製作用之濺鍍靶材(靶材)。
包含氧化銦、氧化鋅及氧化鎵之非晶質氧化物膜由於具有可見光穿透性,且具有自導電體或半導體至絕緣體為止之較廣之電氣特性,故而作為透明導電膜或半導體膜(例如用於薄膜電晶體(TFT,Thin Film Transistor)等)受到關注。
尤其是,由野村、細野等發表以來(非專利文獻1),In-Ga-Zn系氧化物半導體受到關注。
作為上述氧化物膜之成膜方法,對濺鍍、PLD(Pulsed Laser Deposition,脈衝雷射沈積)、蒸鍍等物理成膜、及溶膠-凝膠法等化學成膜進行了研究。其中,就可以相對較低之溫度大面積地均勻成膜之方面而言,於實用水準上對藉由濺鍍法之成膜進行了重點研究。於以濺鍍等物理成膜來成膜氧化物薄膜時,為均勻地、穩定地、高效地(以較快之成膜速度)成膜,通常使用包含氧化物燒結體之靶材。
用於濺鍍之靶材期望為導電性較高,異常放電或結核之產生較少者,但此種In-Ga-Zn系靶材之製造並不容易。其原因在於,根據靶材之製造條件或成分之調配,靶材之性質或狀態發生變化,導電性發生變化,或者結核或異常放
電之產生容易度發生變化。
研究發現,為獲得異常放電或結核較少之In-Ga-Zn系靶材,降低靶材組成中之以ZnGa2O4表示之尖晶石相極為有效(專利文獻1)。於該專利文獻1中,使In2O3之原料粉末之比表面積為10m2/g以下,進而,進行粉碎直至原料粉末之比表面積差在粉碎步驟前後變為2.0m2/g以上為止,藉此達成尖晶石相之降低。
專利文獻1:國際公開第2009/151003號說明書
非專利文獻1:K. Nomura et al, Nature 432,488 (2004)
本發明之目的在於提供一種異常放電或結核之產生較少之In-Ga-Zn系氧化物濺鍍靶材。
本發明者等人進行銳意研究,結果發現,含有具有新的結晶結構之新穎氧化物與具有同源結晶結構之InGaZnO4的氧化物混合體未確認到ZnGa2O4相之生成,異常放電或結核亦較少,作為成膜氧化物半導體用途之薄膜之濺鍍靶材而良好,從而完成本發明。
根據本發明,提供以下之濺鍍靶材等。
1.一種濺鍍靶材,其含有下述氧化物A與InGaZnO4,氧化物A:於藉由X射線繞射測定(Cukα射線)所得之圖中,在下述A~K區域觀測到繞射峰之氧化物,
A. 2θ=7.0°~8.4° B. 2θ=30.6°~32.0° C. 2θ=33.8°~35.8° D. 2θ=53.5°~56.5° E. 2θ=56.5°~59.5° F. 2θ=14.8°~16.2° G. 2θ=22.3°~24.3° H. 2θ=32.2°~34.2° I. 2θ=43.1°~46.1° J. 2θ=46.2°~49.2° K. 2θ=62.7°~66.7°。
2.如1之濺鍍靶材,其中ZnGa2O4所表示之尖晶石結構以X射線繞射測定(Cukα射線)之峰值為最大峰值之3%以下。
3.如1或2之濺鍍靶材,其中銦元素(In)、鎵元素(Ga)及鋅元素(Zn)之原子比滿足下述式(1)及(2),0.25≦Zn/(In+Ga+Zn)≦0.55 (1)
0.15≦Ga/(In+Ga+Zn)<0.33 (2)。
4.如3之濺鍍靶材,其中銦元素(In)及鋅元素(Zn)之原子比滿足下述式(3),0.51≦In/(In+Zn)≦0.68 (3)。
5.如3之濺鍍靶材,其中銦元素(In)及鎵元素(Ga)之原子比滿足下述式(4),In/(In+Ga)≦0.58 (4)。
6.如1至5中任一項之濺鍍靶材,其係將銦化合物與鎵化
合物之原料粉混合並於500℃以上、1200℃以下煅燒後,混合鋅化合物之原料粉並於1100℃以上、1600℃以下煅燒而製造。
7.如1至6中任一項之濺鍍靶材,其中電阻為10mΩcm以下,相對密度為95%以上。
8.一種氧化物薄膜,其係使用如1至7中任一項之濺鍍靶材而製作。
根據本發明,可提供異常放電或結核之產生較少之In-Ga-Zn系氧化物濺鍍靶材。
本發明之濺鍍靶材之特徵在於:其包含含有銦元素(In)、鎵元素(Ga)及鋅元素(Zn)之In-Ga-Zn系氧化物燒結體,且具有下述2種結晶結構,
結晶結構1:以下所規定之氧化物A
結晶結構2:具有同源結晶結構之InGaZnO4。
上述氧化物A係本發明者等人新發現之結晶結構,本發明者等人發現,藉由下述實驗例中記載之方法,可以大致單一成分之形式獲得氧化物A。根據藉由該X射線繞射測定所得之圖,可鑑定本發明之氧化物A。
於圖1中,表示實驗例1中製造之氧化物A之由X射線繞射測定(Cukα射線)所得之圖。如圖1所示,氧化物A觀測到下述記載之繞射峰。再者,橫軸為2θ,縱軸為強度。
A. 2θ=7.0°~8.4°(較佳為7.2°~8.2°)
B. 2θ=30.6°~32.0°(較佳為30.8°~31.8°)
C. 2θ=33.8°~35.8°(較佳為34.5°~35.3°)
D. 2θ=53.5°~56.5°(較佳為54.1°~56.1°)
E. 2θ=56.5°~59.5°(較佳為57.0°~59.0°)
F. 2θ=14.8°~16.2°(較佳為15.0°~16.0°)
G. 2θ=22.3°~24.3°(較佳為22.8°~23.8°)
H. 2θ=32.2°~34.2°(較佳為32.7°~33.7°)
I. 2θ=43.1°~46.1°(較佳為43.6°~45.6°)
J. 2θ=46.2°~49.2°(較佳為46.7°~48.7°)
K. 2θ=62.7°~66.7°(較佳為63.7°~65.7°)
氧化物A較佳為於2θ為30.6°~32.0°(上述區域B)及33.8°~35.8°(上述區域C)之位置所觀測的繞射峰之一者為主峰值,另一者為次峰值。
再者,主峰值之定義即2θ為5~80°之範圍內強度(高度)最強之峰值,次峰值之定義即強度第二強之峰值。於主峰值重疊之情形時,可根據其它峰值倒算主峰值之強度。
於本發明中,X射線繞射之測定條件例如如下所述:裝置:Rigaku股份有限公司製之Ultima-III
X射線:Cu-Kα射線(波長1.5406Å,藉由石墨單色器而單色化)
2θ-θ反射法,連續掃描(1.0°/min)
取樣間隔:0.02°
狹縫DS、SS:2/3°,RS:0.6mm。
氧化物A為新穎之結晶可根據藉由X射線繞射測定(Cukα射線)所得之圖中,觀測到上述峰值之氧化物結晶不存在
於JCPDS(Joint Committee of Powder Diffraction Standards,粉末繞射標準聯合委員會)卡中而判斷。
進而,作為氧化物A之詳細說明,於圖2中表示氧化物A之X射線繞射圖、InGaO3(ZnO)2(JCPDS:40-0252)所表示之結晶結構及In2O3(ZnO)2(JCPDS:20-1442)所表示之結晶結構。氧化物A之X射線繞射圖類似於IHGaO3(ZnO)2(JCPDS:40-0252)所表示之結晶結構及In2O3(ZnO)2(JCPDS:20-1442)所表示之結晶結構。然而,氧化物A具有InGaO3(ZnO)2特有之峰值(上述區域A之峰值)及In2O3(ZnO)2特有之峰值(上述區域D及E之峰值)。因而,可判斷其具有與InGaO3(ZnO)2及In2O3(ZnO)2均不同之新週期性。即,氧化物A不同於InGaO3(ZnO)2及In2O3(ZnO)2。
關於上述區域B之峰值,該峰值位於In2O3(ZnO)2與InGaO3(ZnO)2之主峰值之間,即31°附近與32°附近之間。因而,向較InGaO3(ZnO)2之主峰值更低角側偏移(可認為晶格間距離擴大),向較In2O3(ZnO)2之主峰值更高角側偏移(可認為晶格間距離變窄)。
於氧化物A中,若藉由X射線繞射測定而顯示特有之繞射圖案,則氧化物之氧可過剩亦可不足(氧缺損)(氧元素之原子比亦可自化學計量比偏離)。若氧化物之氧過剩,則存在作為靶材時電阻變得過高之虞,故而較佳為具有氧缺損。
由於InGaZnO4所表示之同源結晶結構已錄入於JCPDS(Joint Committee of Powder Diffraction Standards,粉末繞
射標準聯合委員會)卡No.38-1104,故而可藉由參照而確定。
再者,InGaZnO4之結晶型亦有記作InGaO3(ZnO)之情形。
InGaZnO4可藉由結晶結構X射線繞射圖案判斷其結構,氧亦可過剩或不足(氧缺損)(可如化學計量比般亦可偏離化學計量比),較佳為具有氧缺損。若氧過剩,則有作為靶材時電阻變得過高之虞。
若由X射線繞射求出之圖案相同(結構相同),則由X射線繞射求出之晶格常數亦可異於JCPDS卡No.38-1104者。
同樣地,若由X射線繞射求出之圖案相同(結構相同),則峰值位置亦可異於JCPDS卡No.38-1104者。再者,向低角側偏移時可推定為於InGaO3(ZnO)之Ga位置處In進行固溶取代,或於晶格間插入原子等之狀態。
於以上述記載之X射線繞射峰難以鑑定結晶相之情形時,可藉由組合EPMA(Electron Probe Micro-analyzer,電子探針微量分析儀)或μ-XRD(μ-X-ray Diffraction,微小部X射線繞射)等方法而鑑定結晶相。
較之氧化物A更多地含有InGaZnO4相時,導電性變低之可能性較高,故而較佳。
本發明之濺鍍靶材亦可含有上述結晶結構1及結晶結構2以外之結晶結構,作為所含之結晶結構,更佳為In2O3等導電性較高之結晶相,較佳為不含ZnGa2O4所表示之尖晶石結構。
再者,不含ZnGa2O4所表示之尖晶石結構之情形可藉由無法確認X射線繞射圖之繞射峰而判斷。所謂無法確認峰值,除峰值強度為0之情形,亦包括相對於最大峰值而強度比為3%以下之情形。
各結晶之含有率可由X射線繞射圖之繞射峰之強度比而算出。
本發明之濺鍍靶材之元素組成較佳為銦元素(In)、鎵元素(Ga)及鋅元素(Zn)之原子比滿足下述式(1)及(2)。
0.25≦Zn/(In+Ga+Zn)≦0.55 (1)
0.15≦Ga/(In+Ga+Zn)<0.33 (2)
關於上述式(1),若Zn之原子比未達0.25,則難以生成InGaZnO4所表示之結晶相,若超過0.55,則難以生成氧化物A。
Zn之原子比較佳為0.30~0.50,更佳為0.32~0.47,尤佳為0.35~0.45。於此範圍之情形時,容易製作一併包含氧化物A與InGaZnO4所表示之同源結構之靶材。
關於上述式(2),Ga之原子比未達0.15之薄膜容易成為導電膜而難以進行TFT驅動。另一方面,若為0.33以上,則存在於製作薄膜電晶體(半導體薄膜)時移動率降低之虞。
Ga之原子比較佳為0.18~0.30,進而較佳為0.20~0.28。
濺鍍靶材之元素組成進而較佳為銦元素(In)及鋅元素(Zn)之原子比滿足下述式(3)。關於下述式(3),若銦之比率為0.51以上,則可期待所得薄膜電晶體之移動率之提高。
0.51≦In/(In+Zn) (3)
再者,In/(In+Zn)較佳為0.68以下。
濺鍍靶材之元素組成進而較佳為銦元素(In)及鎵元素(Ga)之原子比滿足下述式(4)。關於下述式(4),若銦之比率為0.58以下,則可期待薄膜之載子濃度之控制變得容易。
In/(In+Ga)≦0.58 (4)
再者,In/(In+Ga)較佳為0.2以上,進而較佳為0.3以上。
靶材或氧化物薄膜中所含之各元素之原子比可利用電感耦合電漿發光分析裝置(ICP-AES)定量分析含有元素而求得。
具體而言,於使用ICP-AES之分析中,若利用噴霧器使溶液試樣呈霧狀,並導入至氬電漿(約6000~8000℃)中,則試樣中之元素吸收熱能並被激發,軌道電子自基態移動至高能階之軌道。該軌道電子以10-7~10-8秒左右移動至更低能階之軌道。此時以光之形式放射能量差而發光。由於該光顯示元素固有之波長(光譜線),故而可根據光譜線之有無而確認元素之存在(定性分析)。
又,由於各光譜線之大小(發光強度)與試樣中之元素數成比例,故可藉由與已知濃度之標準液比較而求出試樣濃度(定量分析)。
以定性分析確定所含之元素後,以定量分析求出含有量,根據該結果求出各元素之原子比。
本發明之濺鍍靶材實質上包含In、Ga、Zn之氧化物,亦
可於無損本發明之效果之範圍內含有In、Ga、Zn以外之其它金屬元素,例如Sn、Ge、Si、Sc、Ti、Zr、Hf等、以及不可避免之雜質。
所謂「實質上」,係指濺鍍靶材之95重量%以上、100重量%以下(較佳為98重量%以上、100重量%以下)為In、Ga、Zn之氧化物。
本發明之靶材例如可藉由燒結含有各金屬元素之原料粉末而製造。具體而言,於煅燒In2O3與Ga2O3後,混合ZnO進行煅燒而得。原料氧化物以所得之靶材滿足上述式(1)、(2)之方式進行調配。
以下對各步驟進行說明。
於調配步驟中,混合本發明之氧化物中所含之金屬元素之化合物。
作為原料,使用銦化合物之粉末、鎵化合物之粉末、鋅化合物之粉末等粉末。作為銦之化合物,例如可列舉氧化銦、氫氧化銦等。作為鎵之化合物,例如可列舉氧化鎵、氫氧化鎵等。作為鋅之化合物,例如可列舉氧化鋅、氫氧化鋅等。作為各化合物,就燒結之容易度、副產物之殘存難度而言,較佳為氧化物。
於使用氧化物之情形時,氧化銦、氧化鎵、氧化鋅之比表面積(BET比表面積,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller比表面積)通常分別為3~18m2/g、3~18m2/g、3~18m2/g,較佳為分別為7~16m2/g、7~16m2/g、3~10m2/g,更佳為分別為
7~15m2/g、7~15m2/g、4~10m2/g,尤佳為分別為11~15m2/g、11~15m2/g、4~5m2/g。若比表面積過小,則存在於燒結體中各種元素之凝聚體成長,原料粉末之結晶型殘存,或生成假定外之結晶型而使性狀發生變化等之虞。若比表面積過大,則存在生成假定外之結晶型而使性狀發生變化,產生分散不良導致產生外觀不良或特性不均等之虞。
原料之純度通常為2N(99質量%)以上,較佳為3N(99.9質量%)以上,尤佳為4N(99.99質量%)以上。若純度低於2N,則存在耐久性降低,或者雜質進入液晶側而出現殘像之虞。
較佳為使用金屬鋅(鋅末)作為原料之一部分。若使用鋅末,則可降低白點之生成。
於本發明中,首先將銦化合物與鎵化合物混合並煅燒,然後混合鋅化合物。原料之混合較佳為使用通常之混合粉碎機,例如濕式球磨機或珠磨機、或超音波裝置,均勻地混合並粉碎。
本發明於預燒步驟中預燒上述步驟中所得之銦化合物與鎵化合物之混合物。藉由該預燒可使In與Ga充分地互相混合,從而抑制ZnGa2O4所表示之尖晶石相之生成。
於預燒步驟中,較佳為於500~1200℃下進行1~100小時熱處理。若為未達500℃或未達1小時之熱處理,則存在銦化合物、鎵化合物之熱分解變得不充分之情形。另一方
面,於超過1200℃之情形或超過100小時之情形時,存在產生粒子之粗大化之情形。
因而,尤佳為於800~1200℃下進行2~50小時熱處理。
此處所得之預燒物較佳為於下述成形步驟及煅燒步驟之前粉碎。粉碎只要進行至原料粉之粒徑以體積平均粒徑(D50)計為2μm以下、更佳為1μm以下、尤佳為0.5μm以下為止即可。其目的在於使原料均勻分散化。若存在粒徑較大之原料粉,則有產生由位置不同所致之組成不均之虞。由位置不同所致之組成不均會導致濺鍍時之異常放電。又,存在組成不均導致靶材與所製作之薄膜之組成偏差之虞。於預燒物之粉碎時,較佳為混合鋅化合物一起進行粉碎。又,亦可於預燒物之粉碎後混合鋅化合物。
於成形步驟中,對預燒物與鋅化合物之混合物進行加壓成形而製成成形體。藉由此步驟,成形為作為靶材而較佳之形狀。對預燒物之細粉末進行造粒後,可藉由成形處理成形為所需之形狀。
作為成形處理,例如可列舉加壓成形(單軸成形)、模具成形、澆鑄成形、射出成形等,為獲得燒結密度較高之靶材,較佳為以冷均壓(CIP,Cold Isostatic Pressure)等而成形。
再者,若僅為加壓成形(單軸加壓),則存在因壓力不均,而生成假定外之結晶型之虞。
又,亦可於加壓成形(單軸加壓)後進行冷均壓(CIP)、熱
均壓(HIP,Hot Isostatic Pressure)等,而設置2個階段以上之成形步驟。
於使用CIP(冷均壓、或均壓裝置)之情形時,較佳為於表面壓力800~4000kgf/cm2下保持0.5~60分鐘,更佳為於表面壓力2000~3000kgf/cm2下保持2~30分鐘。若處於上述範圍內,則可期待成形體內部之組成不均等減少而實現均勻化。又,若表面壓力未達800kgf/cm2,則存在燒結後之密度不增大或電阻變高之虞。若表面壓力超過4000kgf/cm2,則存在裝置變得過大而不經濟之虞。若保持時間未達0.5分鐘,則存在燒結後之密度不增大或電阻變高之虞。若超過60分鐘,則存在過於耗費時間而不經濟之虞。
再者,於成形處理時,亦可使用聚乙烯醇或甲基纖維素、聚蠟、油酸等成形助劑。
煅燒步驟係煅燒上述成形步驟中所得之成形體之步驟。煅燒可藉由熱均壓(HIP)煅燒等而進行。
作為煅燒條件,通常為於1100~1600℃下,通常煅燒30分鐘~360小時、較佳為8~180小時、更佳為12~96小時。若煅燒溫度未達1100℃,則存在靶材之密度難以增大,或者於燒結時過於耗費時間之虞。另一方面,若超過1600℃,則存在由成分之氣化導致組成發生偏差,或者損壞爐子之虞。
若燃燒時間未達30分鐘,則靶材之密度難以增大,若長於360小時,則製造時間耗費過多成本提高,故而於實際
應用上無法採用。
煅燒通常於大氣環境等含有氧之常壓環境或含有氧之加壓環境下進行。
若於不含有氧之環境下煅燒,或者於1600℃以上之溫度下煅燒,則存在無法充分提高所得靶材之密度,無法充分抑制濺鍍時之異常放電之產生之情形。
煅燒時之升溫速度通常為8℃/min以下,較佳為4℃/min以下,更佳為2℃/min以下。若為8℃/min以下,則難以於升溫時產生龜裂。
又,煅燒時之降溫速度通常為4℃/min以下,較佳為2℃/min以下。若為4℃/min以下,則難以於降溫時產生龜裂。
還原步驟係用以使上述煅燒步驟中所得之燒結體之體電阻於靶材整體中均勻化者,且為根據需要設置之步驟。
作為還原方法,例如可列舉利用還原性氣體之方法或真空煅燒、或利用惰性氣體之還原等。
於利用還原性氣體進行還原處理之情形時,可使用氫氣、甲烷、一氧化碳、或該等氣體與氧氣之混合氣體等。
於利用惰性氣體中之煅燒進行還原處理之情形時,可使用氮氣、氬氣、或該等氣體與氧氣之混合氣體等。
還原處理時之溫度通常為100~800℃,較佳為200~800℃。又,還原處理之時間通常為0.01~10小時,較佳為0.05~5小時。
藉由上述各步驟,可獲得一併包含上述結晶結構1及2之氧化物燒結體。該氧化物燒結體相對密度較高,電阻較低(導電性較高),抗折強度較高,且均勻性較高,適宜作為用以製作氧化物半導體或透明導電膜等氧化物薄膜之靶材。
將上述氧化物燒結體根據需要加工為所需之形狀。
加工係為將上述氧化物燒結體切削加工為適於貼合至濺鍍裝置上之形狀,並安裝背襯板(backing plate)等貼合用夾具而進行。為將氧化物燒結體製成濺鍍靶材,將燒結體例如以平面研削盤進行研削使表面粗糙度Ra為5μm以下。進而,亦可對濺鍍靶材之濺鍍面實施鏡面加工,使平均表面粗糙度Ra為1000埃以下。該鏡面加工(研磨)可使用機械研磨、化學研磨、機械化學研磨(機械研磨與化學研磨之併用)等已知之研磨技術。例如,可藉由以下方式獲得,即,以固定研磨粒拋光機(拋光液:水)拋光至#2000以上,或者利用游離研磨粒研磨(研磨材:SiC膏等)進行研磨後,將研磨材換成鑽石膏進行研磨。對上述研磨方法並無特別限制。
較佳為於研磨後洗淨靶材。洗淨處理可使用鼓風或流水洗淨等。於利用鼓風去除異物時,若自與噴嘴對向之側以集塵機進行吸氣,則可更有效地去除。再者,由於以上鼓風或流水洗淨存在極限,故而亦可進而進行超音波洗淨等。該超音波洗淨有效的是於頻率25~300KHz之間使其多重振動而進行之方法。例如可於頻率25~300KHz之間,使
每25KHz之12種頻率多重振動而進行超音波洗浄。
將所得之濺鍍靶材接合至背襯板上。靶材之厚度通常為2~20mm,較佳為3~12mm,尤佳為4~10mm。又,亦可將複數個靶材安裝於一個背襯板上,製成實質上為一個之靶材。
本發明之濺鍍靶材較佳為相對密度為95%以上,更佳為96%以上。若未達95%,則存在靶材易斷裂,或者易產生異常放電之虞。
所謂相對密度,係指對根據加權平均算出之理論密度相對地算出之密度。根據各原料之密度之加權平均算出的密度為理論密度,將其設為100%。
靶材之電阻率較佳為0.01mΩcm以上、10mΩcm以下,更佳為0.1mΩcm以上、5mΩcm以下,尤佳為0.2mΩcm以上、3mΩcm以下。若電阻值超過10mΩcm,則於長時間持續DC(Direct Current,直流)濺鍍之情形時,存在由於異常放電而產生火花,靶材斷裂,或者由於火花而飛出之粒子附著於成膜基板上,使作為氧化物半導體膜之性能降低之情形。另一方面,若小於0.01mΩcm,則存在靶材之電阻率小於微粒之電阻,由於飛散之微粒而引起異常放電之虞。
藉由使用本發明之濺鍍靶材對基板等對象物進行濺鍍,可成膜氧化物薄膜。氧化物薄膜可適用於薄膜電晶體之半導體層、氧化物薄膜層等。
作為成膜時之膜厚,較佳為1~45nm,更佳為3~30nm,
尤佳為5~20nm。藉由使膜厚成為45nm以下,可期待形成移動率較高且S值較低之半導體。
使用In2O3(Nippon Rare Metal公司製:純度為4N)、Ga2O3(Nippon Rare Metal公司製:純度為4N)及ZnO(高純度化學公司製:純度為4N)作為起始原料。
將該等原料以原子比成為In:Ga:Zn=37.5:12.5:50.0之方式進行稱量,使用濕式介質攪拌研磨機進行混合粉碎。再者,濕式介質攪拌研磨機之介質係使用1mm 之氧化鋯珠。
繼而,混合粉碎後,以噴霧乾燥機使其乾燥。將所得之混合粉末填充至模具內,藉由冷壓機進行加壓成形而製作成形體。
其後,藉由電爐進行燒結。燒結條件如下所述。所得之燒結體為大致單一成分之氧化物A。
升溫速度:2℃/min
燒結溫度:1480℃
燒結時間:6小時
燒結環境:流入氧氣
降溫時間:72小時
氧化物A可藉由上述方法而獲得,視情形亦可於黏合劑之添加或加壓成形(單軸加壓)後進行冷均壓(CIP)、熱均壓
(HIP)等,而設置2個階段以上之成形步驟。
於下述實施例1之條件下,對該氧化物A進行X射線繞射測定。將圖表示於圖1。
使用In2O3(純度為4N,Nippon Rare Metal公司製)、Ga2O3(純度為4N,Nippon Rare Metal公司製)及ZnO(純度為4N,高純度化學公司製)作為起始原料,以原子比成為In:Ga:Zn=42:20:38之方式進行稱量。使用濕式介質攪拌研磨機將In2O3與Ga2O3混合粉碎,並裝入匣缽內,於大氣中以900℃煅燒4小時。再者,濕式介質攪拌研磨機之介質係使用1mm 之氧化鋯珠。其次,以濕式介質攪拌研磨機將In2O3與Ga2O3之混合煅燒物與ZnO混合粉碎。粉碎後,以噴霧乾燥機使其乾燥。將所得之混合粉末填充至模具內,藉由冷均壓(CIP),於表面壓力2200kgf/cm2下保持5分鐘進行加壓成形,而製作成形體。
其後,藉由電爐進行燒結。燒結條件如下所述。
升溫速度:2℃/min
燒結溫度:1400℃
燒結時間:5小時
燒結環境:流入氧氣
降溫時間:72小時
燒結後,將厚度為6mm之燒結體研削、研磨為厚度5mm且直徑4英吋之尺寸。自該燒結體切出靶材用燒結體。
將燒結體之側邊以金剛石切割器切斷,並以平面研削盤進行研削使表面粗糙度Ra為0.5μm以下。
繼而,對表面進行鼓風,進而於頻率25~300kHz之間使每25kHz之12種頻率多重振動而進行3分鐘超音波洗淨,從而獲得靶材。
其後,藉由銦焊錫將靶材接合至無氧銅製之背襯板上而製作靶材。靶材之表面粗糙度Ra≦0.5μm,包含無方向性之研削麵。
對所得之氧化物燒結體(靶材)進行下述評價。將結果示於表1。
以電感耦合電漿發光分析裝置(ICP-AES,島津製作所公司製)進行分析。
藉由以下條件之X射線繞射測定(XRD)進行判定。
將分析結果示於表1。表中之○係表示可確認峰值,-係表示無法確認峰值。所謂無法確認峰值,係指相對於最大峰值為3%以下之峰值。
再者,使用圖1之圖表對氧化物A進行判定。
.裝置:RIGAKU股份有限公司製之Ultima-III
.X射線:Cu-Kα射線(波長1.5406Å,藉由石墨單色器
而單色化)
.2θ-θ反射法,連續掃描(1.0°/min)
.取樣間隔:0.02°
.狹縫DS、SS:2/3°,RS:0.6mm
根據由原料粉之密度算出之理論密度、及利用阿基米德法測定之燒結體之密度,藉由下述計算式而算出相對密度。
相對密度=(利用阿基米德法測定之密度)÷(理論密度)×100(%)
使用電阻率計(三菱化學股份有限公司製,Loresta),基於四探針法(JIS R1637)進行測定,將10個部位之平均值設為電阻率值。
使用電阻率計(三菱化學股份有限公司製,Loresta),基於四探針法(JIS R1637)進行測定,根據10個部位之平均值與標準偏差,藉由下述計算式算出電阻之均勻性。
(標準偏差)÷(平均值)×100(%)
將所製造之靶材貼合於DC濺鍍成膜裝置上。於0.3Pa之Ar環境下,以200W之DC輸出進行100小時之連續濺鍍,
目視觀察於靶材表面產生之結核。
將所製作之濺鍍靶材貼合於DC濺鍍裝置上,使用氬氣作為濺鍍氣體,於0.3Pa、DC輸出200W之條件下進行10kWhr之連續濺鍍,將濺鍍中之電壓變動儲存至資料記錄器中,確認有無異常放電。異常放電之有無係藉由監控電壓變動而檢測異常放電而進行。將結果示於表1。將於5分鐘內之測定時間中產生之電壓變動為濺鍍運轉中之固定電壓之10%以上之情形設為異常放電。
將原料之組成比變更為以原子比計In:Ga:Zn=50:18:32,除此以外,與實施例1(1)~(3)同樣地製作靶材並評價。將結果示於表1。
將原料之組成比變更為以原子比計In:Ga:Zn=33:20:47,除此以外,與實施例1(1)~(3)同樣地製作靶材並評價。將結果示於表1。
將原料之組成比變更為以原子比計In:Ga:Zn=28:28:44,除此以外,與實施例1(1)~(3)同樣地製作靶材並評價。將結果示於表1。
使用In2O3(純度為4N,Nippon Rare Metal公司製)、
Ga2O3(純度為4N,Nippon Rare Metal公司製)及ZnO(純度為4N,高純度化學公司製)作為起始原料。
將該等原料以原子比計設為In:Ga:Zn=33.3:33.3:33.3進行稱量,使用濕式介質攪拌研磨機進行混合粉碎。再者,濕式介質攪拌研磨機之介質係使用1mm 之氧化鋯珠。
混合粉碎後以噴霧乾燥機使其乾燥。將所得之混合粉末填充至模具內,藉由冷均壓(CIP),於表面壓力2200kgf/cm2下保持5分鐘進行加壓成形,而製作成形體。
其後,藉由電爐進行燒結。燒結條件如下所述。
升溫速度:2℃/min
燒結溫度:1400℃
燒結時間:5小時
燒結環境:流入氧氣
降溫時間:72小時
與實施例1(2)、(3)同樣地製作靶材並評價。將結果示於表1。
將原料之組成比變更為以原子比計In:Ga:Zn=33.3:33.3:33.3,除此以外,與實施例1(1)~(3)同樣地製作靶材並評價。將結果示於表1。
由該等結果可知,實施例1~4之靶材異常放電及結核較少,可用作良好之靶材。又,實施例1~4與比較例2之製造法對體電阻之降低、電阻之均勻性之提高、及異常放電之降低具有效果。
本發明之濺鍍靶材可適用於氧化物薄膜之形成。氧化物薄膜例如可用於薄膜電晶體之半導體層等。
以上詳細地說明了若干本發明之實施形態及/或實施例,業者容易於不自本發明之新穎之教示及效果實質地脫離之情況下,對該等作為例示之實施形態及/或實施例進行大量變更。因此,該等大量變更亦包含於本發明之範圍內。
將該說明書中記載之文獻內容全部引用至此。
圖1係表示氧化物A之峰值A~K之X射線繞射圖。
圖2係表示氧化物A之X射線繞射圖、InGaO3(ZnO)2(JCPDS:40-0252)及In2O3(ZnO)2(JCPDS:20-1442)之結晶結構之圖。
Claims (9)
- 一種濺鍍靶材,其含有下述氧化物A與InGaZnO4,且ZnGa2O4所表示之尖晶石結構以X射線繞射測定(Cukα射線)之峰值為最大峰值之0%或最大峰值之3%以下,氧化物A:於藉由X射線繞射測定(Cukα射線)所得之圖中,在下述A~K區域觀測到繞射峰之氧化物,A. 2θ=7.0°~8.4° B. 2θ=30.6°~32.0° C. 2θ=33.8°~35.8° D. 2θ=53.5°~56.5° E. 2θ=56.5°~59.5° F. 2θ=14.8°~16.2° G. 2θ=22.3°~24.3° H. 2θ=32.2°~34.2° I. 2θ=43.1°~46.1° J. 2θ=46.2°~49.2° K. 2θ=62.7°~66.7°。
- 一種濺鍍靶材,其含有下述氧化物A與InGaZnO4,且銦元素(In)、鎵元素(Ga)及鋅元素(Zn)之原子比滿足下述式(1)及(2),氧化物A:於藉由X射線繞射測定(Cukα射線)所得之圖中,在下述A~K區域觀測到繞射峰之氧化物,A. 2θ=7.0°~8.4° B. 2θ=30.6°~32.0° C. 2θ=33.8°~35.8° D. 2θ=53.5°~56.5° E. 2θ=56.5°~59.5° F. 2θ=14.8°~16.2° G. 2θ=22.3°~24.3° H. 2θ=32.2°~34.2° I. 2θ=43.1°~46.1° J. 2θ=46.2°~49.2° K. 2θ=62.7°~66.7°;0.25≦Zn/(In+Ga+Zn)≦0.55 (1) 0.15≦Ga/(In+Ga+Zn)<0.33 (2)。
- 如請求項2之濺鍍靶材,其中ZnGa2O4所表示之尖晶石結構以X射線繞射測定(Cukα射線)之峰值為最大峰值之3%以下。
- 如請求項1之濺鍍靶材,其中銦元素(In)、鎵元素(Ga)及鋅元素(Zn)之原子比滿足下述式(1)及(2),0.25≦Zn/(In+Ga+Zn)≦0.55 (1) 0.15≦Ga/(In+Ga+Zn)<0.33 (2)。
- 如請求項2或4之濺鍍靶材,其中銦元素(In)及鋅元素(Zn)之原子比滿足下述式(3),0.51≦In/(In+Zn)≦0.68 (3)。
- 如請求項2或4之濺鍍靶材,其中銦元素(In)及鎵元素(Ga)之原子比滿足下述式(4),In/(In+Ga)≦0.58 (4)。
- 如請求項1或2之濺鍍靶材,其係將銦化合物與鎵化合物之原料粉混合並於500℃以上、1200℃以下煅燒後,混合鋅化合物之原料粉並於1100℃以上、1600℃以下煅燒而製造。
- 如請求項1或2之濺鍍靶材,其中電阻為10mΩcm以下,相對密度為95%以上。
- 一種氧化物薄膜,其係使用如請求項1至8中任一項之濺鍍靶材而製作。
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