TWI429956B - Anti-glare film and image display device - Google Patents

Description

Anti-glare film and image display device

The present invention relates to an anti-glare (light-shielding) film which exhibits good anti-glare performance and is low in haze, and an image display apparatus including the anti-glare film.

An image display device such as a liquid crystal display or a plasma display panel, a CRT Cathode Ray Tube display, or an EL electroluminescence display, when the external light is reflected on the display surface, the visibility is Will be significantly damaged. In order to prevent the reflection of such light, a video camera and a personal computer that emphasize image quality, a vedio camera and a digital camera that are used outside the house where the external light is strong, and a mobile phone that displays by using reflected light, etc. Conventionally, a thin film layer that prevents reflection of external light is provided on the surface of the image display device. The film layer is roughly divided into a film which is formed by a non-reflective film to which interference generated by the optical multilayer film is applied, and an anti-glare treatment which transmits fine light and irregularities on the surface to scatter the incident light and blur the image. The film is composed of. Among them, the former non-reflective film has a higher cost because it is necessary to form a multilayer film having an equal optical film thickness. In contrast, the latter anti-glare film is widely used in large-sized personal computers and monitors because it can be manufactured at relatively low cost.

Such an anti-glare film is conventionally produced by, for example, applying a resin solution in which a filler is dispersed on a substrate, and adjusting the thickness of the coating film to expose the filler to the surface of the coating film to form on the substrate. Irregular bumps. However, such an anti-glare film produced by dispersing the filler causes influences on the arrangement and shape of the concavities and convexities due to the dispersion state or the coating state of the filler in the resin solution, and thus it is difficult to obtain the irregularities as expected. There is a problem that the anti-glare performance is not obtained when the degree of blur is low. Further, when such a conventional anti-glare film is disposed on the surface of the image display device, the entire display surface becomes whiteish due to the scattered light, and the display becomes a turbid color, which is liable to cause so-called whitening. problem. In addition, with the recent high definition of the image display device, the pixels of the image display device interfere with the surface uneven shape of the anti-glare film, and as a result, the brightness distribution becomes unclear, and there is a problem that a so-called sparkle phenomenon easily occurs. .

On the other hand, there is an attempt to exhibit anti-glare property only by forming fine irregularities on the surface of the transparent resin layer without containing a filler. For example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-189106 discloses an anti-glare film which is formed by curing the ionizing radiation curable resin in a state in which an ionizing radiation curable resin is interposed between an embossing mold and a transparent resin film. The 10-point average roughness and the average distance between the adjacent convex portions on the three-dimensional roughness reference surface each satisfy a predetermined unevenness, and the ionizing radiation-curable resin layer on which the unevenness is formed is provided on the transparent resin. On the film.

Further, a film which is not disposed on the display surface of the display device and which is not disposed on the display surface of the display device is disclosed in JP-A-H06-34961, JP-A-2004-45471, JP-A-2004-45472, and the like. A film in which fine irregularities are formed on the surface is used as a light diffusion layer disposed on the back side of the liquid crystal display device.

In the method of forming an unevenness on the surface of the film, a method of filling an ionizing radiation curable resin liquid into an embossed shape having an uneven shape is disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-45471 and JP-A-2004-45472. Rolling the film, and the transparent substrate traveling in synchronization with the rotation direction of the gravure cylinder contacts the filled resin, and when the transparent substrate contacts the gravure, the resin between the gravure and the transparent substrate is hardened and hardened. At the same time, the cured resin and the transparent substrate are brought into close contact with each other, and the laminated body of the cured resin and the transparent substrate is peeled off from the roll gravure.

When such a method is used, the composition of the ionizing radiation-curable resin liquid that can be used is limited, and since the flatness at the time of application after dilution with a solvent cannot be expected, it is expected that the uniformity of the film thickness needs to be improved. Further, since it is necessary to directly fill the resin liquid to the embossing cylinder intaglio, in order to ensure the uniformity of the uneven surface, the embossing cylinder concave plate must have high mechanical precision, and the embossing cylinder is difficult to manufacture.

In the method of producing a roll for use in the production of a film having irregularities on the surface, a method of producing a cylindrical body using a metal or the like is disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 6-34961. Concavities and convexities are formed by techniques such as electronic engraving, etching, sand blasting, and the like. In addition, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-29240 discloses a method of producing an embossing cylinder by a bead shot method, and Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-90187 discloses an embossing method by the following steps. a method of rolling, the method comprising: forming a metal plating layer on a surface of the embossing cylinder; performing a mirror polishing step on the surface of the metal plating layer; and spraying the ceramic plating layer on the mirror-polished metal plating layer (blast) the steps of processing; and the step of peening as needed.

In the state in which the surface of the embossing cylinder is subjected to the blasting treatment in this manner, the distribution of the uneven diameter is generated due to the particle size distribution of the blasting particles, and the depth of the dent obtained by the blasting is difficult to control, and excellent reproduction is required. The problem of obtaining an uneven shape of an anti-glare function is obtained.

In the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-189106, it is described that a chrome plated roller having a surface of iron is preferably used, and a concave-convex surface is formed by a sandblasting method and a bead blasting method.

In addition, it is also described that the profile on which the irregularities are formed is used for the purpose of improving the durability during use, and it is preferably used after chrome plating or the like is applied, whereby the film formation and corrosion prevention can be achieved. On the other hand, in each of the examples of Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4, it is described that the surface of the core is chrome-plated, and the liquid blasting treatment of #250 is performed, and then the chrome plating treatment is performed again to form a fine uneven shape on the surface.

In such a method of producing an embossing cylinder, since the embossing and the bead blasting are performed on the chrome plating having high hardness, it is difficult to form irregularities, and it is difficult to precisely control the shape of the formed irregularities. Further, as described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-29672, chrome plating depends on the material of the substrate and its shape, and the surface is mostly rough, and fineness due to chrome plating is formed on the unevenness formed by the spray. The cracks, so what kind of bumps should be formed in the end, there is a problem that is difficult to design. Further, since there are fine cracks due to chrome plating, there is also a problem that the scattering characteristics of the finally obtained anti-glare film change in an unsuitable direction. Furthermore, there is also a problem in that the surface of the finished drum is varied by the combination of the metal type of the surface of the embossing cylinder base material and the type of plating, so that the desired surface is obtained accurately. For the uneven shape, it is necessary to select the appropriate metal type of the drum surface and the appropriate plating type. Further, even if a desired surface unevenness shape is obtained, the durability at the time of use may be insufficient depending on the type of plating.

JP-A-2000-284106 discloses a step of laminating an etching step and/or a film after applying a blasting treatment to a substrate. Further, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2006-53371 discloses an anti-glare film in which irregularities are formed by causing fine particles to collide with a surface of a polished metal, and electroless nickel plating is applied thereto as a mold. By transferring the uneven surface of the mold to the transparent resin film, an anti-glare film having low blur and excellent anti-glare properties is produced.

An object of the present invention is to provide an anti-glare film and an image display device using the anti-glare film, which not only exhibit excellent anti-glare performance, but also have low ambiguity, and can prevent deterioration in visibility due to whitening, and are arranged in high definition. The image display does not produce a glare when the surface of the device is displayed.

In Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-351617, filed on Dec. 6, 2005, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference to the entire disclosure of The fine particles collide with the surface of the polished metal to form irregularities, and electroless nickel plating is applied to the uneven surface as a mold, and the uneven surface of the mold is transferred to the transparent resin film. In the same manner, Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-62440, filed on March 8, 2006, proposes a method for obtaining a mold which is effective for producing an anti-glare film having low ambiguity and excellent anti-glare property, and the method is The surface of the substrate is plated with copper or nickel, and the plated surface is polished, and the fine particles are caused to collide with the polished surface to form irregularities, and the uneven shape is subjected to passivation, and then the uneven surface is chrome-plated. Based on such methods, especially the latter methods, and repeatedly researching the results, it has been found that, for example, if the conditions for colliding the microparticles are appropriately selected, the positive reflectance is relatively small, and the reflection profile is relatively small. The wide anti-glare film, which has better anti-glare properties, especially the display image changes even if the viewing angle is changed. In addition, it has also been found that the index of the anti-glare property can be appropriately evaluated.

The present invention has been completed based on such findings and various reviews.

In other words, the anti-glare film of the present invention is formed by forming irregularities on the surface, and the reflectance R (30) having a reflection angle of 30° with respect to light incident at an incident angle of 30° is 0.04% or more and 0.2% or less, and the reflection angle is 40. The reflectance R (40) of ° is 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less, and the reflectance R (50) of the reflection angle of 50° is 0.0015% or less, and any of the following requirements (1) to (7) is satisfied.

(1) The reflectance in a direction of 35° with respect to a reflection angle of light incident at an incident angle of 30° is R (35), and the value of R(35)/R(30) is 0.4 or more and 0.8 or less; 2) The arithmetic mean height Pa of any profile curve of the uneven surface of the film is 0.09 μm or more and 0.21 μm or less; (3) The maximum profile height pt of any profile curve of the uneven surface of the film is 0.5 μm or more and 1.2 μm or less; (4) The average length PSm of any profile curve of the uneven surface of the film is 12 μm or more and 20 μm or less; (5) When the elevation of each point of the uneven surface of the film is represented by a histogram, the peak of the histogram is at the highest point ( The intermediate point (height 50%) of the height (100%) and the lowest point (height 0%) is within ±10% of the center; (6) has 150 or more and 350 or less in the area of 200 μm×200 μm protrusions; (7) at the apex of the convex portion of the uneven surface of the film as a base point, and the surface is Where the RONO by (the Voronoi) divided by the average area of a polygon formed of 100 μm ² to 300 μm ² or less on .

Among them, it is more effective to satisfy two or more, and it is also effective to satisfy all of the above-mentioned necessary conditions. Among them, the requirement that the value of (1) R (35) / R (30) is 0.4 or more and 0.8 or less is important.

This anti-glare film can set the degree of blurring of the normal incident light to 3% or more and 20% or less. Further, in the anti-glare film, the sum of the reflection sharpness measured at an incident angle of light of 45° is set to 30% or less using three kinds of optical combs having a width of a dark portion and a bright portion of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm.

The anti-glare film can be advantageously produced by applying copper plating or nickel plating to the surface of the metal, and grinding the surface of the plating surface, causing the fine particles to collide with the polishing surface to form irregularities, and the unevenness is formed. After the shape is subjected to passivation processing, chrome plating is applied to the uneven surface as a mold, and the uneven surface of the mold is transferred to a transparent resin film, and then the transparent resin film to which the unevenness is transferred is peeled off from the mold.

When the mold is produced, the particles colliding with the polished copper-plated or nickel-plated surface are those having an average particle diameter of 10 to 50 μm, especially those having a spherical shape, and the pressure system when the particles collide. It is preferred that the gauge pressure is from 0.1 to 0.4 MPa. Further, it is advantageous to apply etching treatment or copper plating to passivate the uneven shape formed by collision of fine particles. When the etching treatment is employed, the etching amount is 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less, and more preferably 2 μm or more and 10 μm or less. On the other hand, when copper plating is used, the thickness thereof is 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less, and more preferably 4 μm or more and 10 μm or less.

In this method, it is advantageous to use the chrome-plated surface as the uneven surface of the mold without grinding the surface after chrome plating. The thickness of the ideal chrome plating is 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and more preferably 2 μm or more and 8 μm or less. The transparent resin film of the uneven surface of the transfer mold is formed by forming a photocurable resin layer on the surface of the transparent base film, and the photocurable resin layer is pressed against the uneven surface of the mold while being passed through. After the hardening, the uneven surface of the mold can be transferred to the photocurable resin layer.

The anti-glare film of the present invention can be combined with an image display means such as a liquid crystal display element or a plasma display panel to form an image display device. Therefore, the image display device of the present invention includes the anti-glare film and the image display means, wherein the anti-glare film is disposed on the identification side of the image display means (also referred to as the visual confirmation side in the present specification and the patent application).

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. The anti-glare film of the present invention is formed by forming fine irregularities on the surface, and has a reflectance R (30) of a reflection angle of 30° with respect to light incident at an incident angle of 30° of 0.04% or more and 0.2% or less. The reflectance R (40) at an angle of 40° is 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less, and the reflectance R (50) at a reflection angle of 50° is 0.0015% or less, and at least one of the following (1) to (7) is satisfied. .

(1) The reflectance in the direction of the reflection angle of 35° with respect to the light incident at an incident angle of 30° is R(35), and the value of R(35)/R(30) is 0.4 or more and 0.8 or less, (2) The arithmetic mean height Pa of any profile curve of the uneven surface of the film is 0.09 μm or more and 0.21 μm or less, and (3) the maximum profile height Pt of any profile curve of the uneven surface of the film is 0.5 μm or more and 1.2 μm or less, and (4) the uneven surface of the film The average length PSm of the arbitrary profile curve is 1.2 μm or more and 20 μm or less. (5) When the elevation of each point of the uneven surface of the film is represented by a bar graph, the peak of the histogram is located at the highest point (height 100%). The middle point (height 50%) of the lowest point (height 0%) is within ±10% of the center, and (6) has 150 or more convex portions of 350 or less in the area of 200 μm×200 μm, (7) The average area of the polygon formed when the surface is subjected to Veronoi division with the apex of the convex portion of the film surface as the mother point is 100 μm ³ or more and 300 μm ³ or less.

Among them, (1) is the fourth factor regarding the reflectance characteristics, and (2) to (7) are factors related to the shape of the surface unevenness.

First, an index indicating that the anti-glare performance can be appropriately evaluated will be described. Fig. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an incident direction and a reflection direction of light rays to an anti-glare film. In the present invention, for the incident light 13 incident from the normal line 12 of the anti-glare film 11 at an angle of 30°, the direction of the reflection angle of 30°, that is, the reflectance of the regular reflection direction 15 (that is, the regular reflectance) is set. R (30), the reflectance in the direction of the reflection angle of 35° is R (35), the reflectance in the direction of the reflection angle of 40° is R (40), and the reflection in the direction of the reflection angle is 50°. When the ratio is R (50), R (30) is made 0.04 or more and 0.2 or less, R (40) is 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less, and R (50) is 0.0015% or less, and in one form, R ( 35) The value of /R(30) is 0.4 or more and 0.8 or less. Further, it has been found that by satisfying such necessary conditions, an anti-glare film which exhibits sufficient anti-glare property and which has low ambiguity and can suppress whitening and glare can be obtained. In Fig. 1, the reflected light at an arbitrary reflection angle θ is indicated by reference numeral 16, and the directions 15 and 16 of the reflected light when the reflectance is measured are set to include the direction 13 of the incident light and the face 18 of the normal line 18. Inside.

Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a reflection angle and a reflectance (reflectance of a logarithmic scale) of the reflected light 16 of the incident light 13 incident from the normal line 12 of the anti-glare film 11 of Fig. 1 at an angle of 30°. Curve legend. A graph showing such a relationship between the reflection angle and the reflectance, or a reflectance of each of the reflection angles from which it can be read, is sometimes referred to as a reflection profile. As shown in the graph, the regular reflectance R (30) is the peak of the reflectance of the incident light 13 incident at 30°, and the more the reflection angle deviates from the regular reflection direction, the lower the reflectance is. The tendency.

The normal reflectance R (30) is 0.04% or more and 0.2% or less, the reflectance R (40) at a reflection angle of 40° is 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less, and the reflectance R (50) at a reflection angle of 50° is 0.0015% or less. When the value of R(35)/R(30) is 0.4 or more and 0.8 or less, the shape of the reflection profile satisfying the above-mentioned requirements is such that the positive reflectance R(30) is low and positive. The slope near the reflection angle is small, and the angle of the reflectance with a regular reflectance of about 1/10 has a degree of ±10° from the normal reflection direction, but the reflectance at the wide angle side is suppressed. By setting the reflection distribution to such a shape, it becomes an anti-glare film having low ambiguity and excellent anti-glare property. When the reflection distribution does not exhibit such a shape, that is, the slope near the regular reflection angle is large, and when the angle of the reflectance of the regular reflection rate of 1/10 is not ±10° from the regular reflection direction, This means that the reflectance is sharply changed from a slight change in the direction of the regular reflection direction, and as a result, the reflected image is easily reflected.

Specifically, when the anti-glare film of the present invention reflects an arbitrary light source, the amount of reflected light close to the regular reflection light can be obtained in the range of the positive reflection angle of ±10°, and as a result, the image of the light source can be sufficiently scattered and blurred. On the other hand, the slope near the regular reflection angle is large, and when the anti-glare film that does not show the reflection distribution that is reflected reflects an arbitrary light source, the reflected light from the light source is sharply reduced by slightly changing the angle from the regular reflection direction. . This distinguishes the difference between the specular reflected light and the periphery, that is, the case where the reflected light is imaged and reflected.

When the regular reflectance R (30) exceeds 0.2%, sufficient anti-glare function cannot be obtained and the visibility is lowered. On the other hand, since the regular reflectance R (30) is too small to indicate the tendency of whitening, it is set to 0.04% or more. R (40) is 0.02% or less because it is likely to be whitened when it is too large. On the other hand, since R (40) is too small to display sufficient anti-glare property, it is set to 0.005% or more. R (50) is 0.0015% or less because it is likely to be whitened when it is too large. From the viewpoint of whitening, although R (50) is as small as possible, the lower limit is actually 0.00001%. The value of R(35)/R(30) corresponds to the slope around 30° of Fig. 1, that is, the slope near the positive reflection angle. The reason is that in Figure 1, the reflectance is expressed in logarithmic scale. When the inclination of the reflection profile near the positive reflection angle is steep, that is, when the value of R(35)/R(30) is less than 0.4, it means that the reflection of the light source is sharply lowered near the regular reflection angle, and the reflected image is reflected. , anti-glare is reduced. If you only focus on preventing the reflection effect, the slope near the positive reflection angle is almost zero, that is, the value of R(35)/R(30) is almost equal to 1, but R(35) When the value of /R(30) exceeds 0.8, whitening is likely to occur, so it is preferable to set the value to 0.8 or less.

In the reflection distribution example shown in Fig. 2, the regular reflectance R (30) is about 0.074%, R (40) is about 0.013%, and R (50) is about 0.004%. Further, the value of R(35)/R(30) is about 0.6.

According to the investigation by the present inventors, most of the anti-glare films on the market today are of a type in which the filler is dispersed. In this type, there is no regular reflectance R (30) of 0.04% or more and 0.2% or less. The reflectance R (40) at a reflection angle of 40° is 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less, the reflectance R (50) at a reflection angle of 50° is 0.0015% or less, and the value of R(35)/R(30) is 0.4 or more. For those below 0.8, there is no anti-glare film with sufficient anti-glare performance and low ambiguity. In contrast, the anti-glare film specified by the present invention exhibits sufficient anti-glare properties while having low ambiguity and suppressing whitening and blazing performance.

When measuring the reflectance of the anti-glare film, it is necessary to accurately measure the reflectance of 0.001% or less. Therefore, it is more effective to use a detector with a wide dynamic range. In the case of such a detector, for example, a commercially available optical power meter or the like can be used, and an aperture is provided in front of the detector of the optical power meter, and can be used to view the angle of the anti-glare film up to 2. The method is set by a goniophotometer to measure. In the case of incident light, visible light of 380 to 780 nm may be used, and for the light source for measurement, collimation may be applied to light emitted from a light source such as a halogen bulb, or laser may be used. A monochromatic light source with a high degree of parallelism. In the case of an anti-glare film having a smooth and transparent back surface, since the reflection from the back surface of the anti-glare film may affect the measured value, for example, the smooth surface of the anti-glare film is optically dense by using an adhesive or a liquid such as water or glycerin. It is preferable to combine the color of the acrylic resin plate with the reflectance of the outermost surface of the anti-glare film.

Further, the antiglare film of the present invention may have a regular reflectance R (30) of 0.04% or more and 0.2% or less, R (40) of 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less, and R (50) of 0.0015% or less. This is achieved by satisfying at least one of the shape factors shown in the previous (2) to (7).

First, the arithmetic mean height Pa of an arbitrary cross-sectional curve of the film-obtrusing surface of (2) is required to be 0.09 μm or more and 0.21 m or less, and the maximum profile height Pt of any profile curve of the film-concave surface of (3) is The necessary condition of 0.5 μm or more and 1.2 μm or less and the average length PSm of any profile curve of the uneven surface of the film of (4) are necessary for 12 μm or more and 20 μm or less. The arithmetic mean height Pa, the maximum profile height Pt, and the average length PSm are defined by JIS B0601 (=ISO4287), and the arithmetic mean height Pa is the same as the value called the centerline average roughness.

When the arithmetic mean height Pa of the cross-sectional curve of the uneven surface is less than 0.09 μm, since the surface of the anti-glare film becomes almost flat and does not exhibit sufficient anti-glare performance, it is not preferable. Further, when the arithmetic mean height Pa is larger than 0.21 μm, it is not suitable because the surface shape becomes rough and problems such as whitening and glare occur. When the maximum cross-sectional height Pt of the profile curve of the uneven surface is less than 0.5 μm, since the surface of the anti-glare film is almost flat and does not exhibit sufficient anti-glare performance, it is not suitable. Further, when the maximum cross-sectional height Pt is larger than 1.2 μm, the surface shape is roughened, and problems such as whitening and glare occur, which is not preferable. When the average length PSm of the cross-sectional curve of the uneven surface is less than 12 μm, the surface shape is rough, and problems such as whitening and glare occur, which is not preferable. Further, when the average length PSm is larger than 20 μm, since the surface of the anti-glare film is almost flat and does not exhibit sufficient anti-glare property, it is not preferable.

The arithmetic mean height Pa, the average length PSm, and the maximum profile height Pt of the profile curve of the concave-convex surface are measured in accordance with JIS B0601 using a commercially available general contact surface roughness meter. Further, the surface shape may be measured by a confocal microscope, an interference microscope, an atomic force microscope (AFM) or the like, or may be obtained by calculation from the three-dimensional information of the surface shape. Further, when calculating from the three-dimensional information, in order to secure a sufficient reference length, it is preferable to measure an area of 200 μm × 200 μm or more by three or more points, and use the average value as a measured value.

Next, when the elevation of each point of the uneven surface of the film of (5) is indicated by the histogram, the peak of the histogram is located at the middle point (height of the highest point (height 100%) and the lowest point (height 0%)). 50%) is a necessary condition for the range of ±10 within the center. This requirement means the peak value of the histogram, and the difference (maximum elevation) from the elevation of the peak to the elevation of the lowest point is in the range of 40% to 60%. The peak does not exist within ±10% from the intermediate point, in other words, when the peak appears at a position greater than 60% of the maximum elevation or a position smaller than 40%, as a result, the surface shape becomes rough, which is liable to occur. Shining, it is not suitable. In addition, there is a tendency that the texture of the appearance is also lowered.

When obtaining the histogram of the elevation, the surface shape is measured by a confocal microscope, an interference microscope, an atomic force microscope (AFM), etc., and the ternary coordinate values of the points on the surface of the anti-glare film are obtained, and then the following is utilized. The algorithm shown is used to decide. That is, after obtaining the highest point and the lowest point of the elevation of the surface of the anti-glare film, by dividing the difference between the elevation of the measurement point and the elevation of the lowest point (the height of the point), the difference between the highest point and the lowest point (maximum elevation) ), and find the relative height of each point. The peak position of the histogram is obtained by plotting the relative heights obtained, with a bar graph with a highest point of 100 and a lowest point of 0. The column diagram must be segmented at the extent that the vertex position is not affected by the error of the data, and should be divided into 10 to 30 degrees. In addition, in order to reduce the error, the area of 200 μm × 200 μm or more is measured at three or more points, and the average value is used as the measured value.

An example of a histogram of the elevation is shown in Fig. 3. In the figure, the horizontal axis is the height ratio (unit %) of the measurement point with respect to the difference (maximum elevation) of the highest point elevation and the lowest point elevation, and is divided in units of 5%. For example, the leftmost vertical bar indicates a distribution in which the ratio of the height is in the range of 0 to 5%, and hereinafter, the ratio of the height to the right gradually increases in 5%. In the figure, the 3 segments of every horizontal axis indicate a scale. The vertical axis indicates the distribution of the height, and if it is integrated, it becomes a value of 1. In this example, the peak position appears at a position that is 45% to 50% relative to the maximum elevation. In addition, FIGS. 11 , 13 , 15 , 17 , and 19 showing the histograms of the examples and comparative examples described later are also the same as those of FIG. 3 .

Next, the necessity of having 150 or more convex portions of 350 or less in the region of 200 μm × 200 μm in (6) will be described. When the number of convex portions on the uneven surface is small, when used in combination with a high-definition image display device, the image is unclear due to the glare caused by the interference with the pixels, which is not preferable. Further, when the number of the convex portions becomes too large, as a result, the inclination angle of the surface uneven shape becomes sharp, and whitening is likely to occur.

When the number of convex portions of the uneven surface of the anti-glare film is obtained, the surface shape is measured by a device such as a confocal microscope, an interference microscope, or an atomic force microscope (AFM), and a three-dimensional element of each point on the surface of the anti-glare film is obtained. After the coordinate value, the convex portion is determined by the algorithm shown below, and the number thereof is calculated. That is, when focusing on any point on the surface of the anti-glare film, there is no point higher than the elevation of the point of the eye around the point, and the elevation of the concave-convex surface of the point is higher than the highest point of the concave-convex surface. When the middle of the elevation of the elevation and the lowest point is higher, the point is the apex of the convex portion, and the number of vertices of the obtained convex portion is calculated as the number of convex portions. More specifically, as shown in Fig. 4, attention is paid to an arbitrary point 21 on the surface of the anti-glare film, and a circle having a radius of 2 μm to 5 μm parallel to the anti-glare film reference surface 23 is drawn around the point 21 At the point on the anti-glare film surface 22 included in the projection surface 24 of the circle, there is no point higher than the point 21 of the eye, and the height of the concave-convex surface of the point is larger than that of the uneven surface When the elevation of the peak is higher than the middle of the lowest point, it is determined that the point 21 is the apex of the convex portion, and the number of convex portions is obtained. At this time, the radius of the circle 24 is not to count the fine unevenness on the surface of the sample, and is preferably a size which does not include a plurality of convex portions, and is preferably about 3 μm. In order to reduce the error during measurement, it is preferable to measure an area of 200 μm × 200 μm by more than 3 points, and use the average value as a measured value.

When using a confocal microscope, it is advisable to set the magnification of the objective lens to 50 times and reduce the resolution to measure. This is because when measuring with high resolution, the unevenness of the surface of the sample is also measured, which hinders the calculation of the convex portion. Further, when the objective lens is set to a low magnification, the resolution in the height direction is also lowered, so that it is difficult to measure the surface shape in the case of a sample having less unevenness. In this case, after the measurement with the high-magnification objective lens, the obtained data is subjected to a low-pass filter treatment to remove the component having a high spatial frequency, and the fine glint observed on the uneven surface. After it becomes invisible, the number of convex parts is calculated.

Finally, the necessary conditions for the average area of the polygon formed when the apex of the convex portion of the film surface irregularities of (7) is the mother point and the surface is divided by the vanorone is 100 μm ² or more and 300 μm ² or less. . First of all, when the Van Rooney segmentation is performed, when several points (referred to as mother points) are arranged on a plane, the figure is obtained by dividing the plane according to which point is closest to any point in the plane. Noi diagram, and this division is called Van Rooney division. Fig. 5 shows an example in which the apex of the convex portion of the surface of the anti-glare film is taken as a mother point, and the surface is subjected to Veronoy division, and the points 26 and 26 of the four corners are mother points, including a plurality of mother points. The angles 27, 27 are regions formed by the division of the van Rooney, referred to as the Van Rooney region or the Van Rooney polygon, and are hereinafter referred to as the Van Rooney polygon. In this figure, the portions 28, 28 which are thinly coated around are described later. Regarding the Fanonuoyi map, the number of mother points is consistent with the number of the Fanonuoyi area.

When the average area of the polygons of the Van Roynoi formed by the vortex of the convex portion is less than 100 μm ² , the inclination angle of the surface of the anti-glare film becomes sharp, and as a result, whitening is likely to occur. Not suitable. Further, when the average area of the polygon of the Ronoloi is larger than 300 μm ² , the shape of the uneven surface becomes rough and it is liable to cause glare, which is not preferable.

By performing the confocal microscope, the interference microscope, and the atomic force microscope by performing the average area of the polygons of the Van Rooney polygon obtained by dividing the apex of the convex portion on the surface of the glare film as the mother point. (AFM) and other devices to measure the surface shape, and obtain the ternary coordinate value of each point on the surface of the anti-glare film, and then perform the Vornoyin segmentation by the algorithm shown below to obtain the Van Rooney polygon. The average area. That is, first, the apex of the convex portion on the surface of the anti-glare film is first obtained according to the algorithm described with reference to Fig. 4, and then the vertex of the convex portion is projected to the anti-glare film reference surface. Then, by projecting all the three-dimensional coordinates obtained by the measurement of the shape of the surface onto the reference plane, and all the points of the projection are attributed to the closest parent point, the Fanonuo division is performed, and the method is obtained. The area of the polygon obtained by the division is used to obtain the average area of the polygon of the Van Rooney. In the measurement, in order to reduce the error, the polygon of the Ronoloi contact with the boundary of the measurement field of view is calculated as the number of the previous convex portions, but the average area is not counted. Further, in order to reduce the measurement error, it is preferable to measure an area of 200 μm × 200 μm or more by 3 points or more, and use the average value as a measured value.

As described in the previous section, Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a van Rooney diagram of an example in which the vertices of the convex portions of the anti-glare film are used as a mother point to perform the division of the van Rono. Most of the parent points 26, 26 are the apex of the convex portion of the anti-glare film, and by dividing the Ronolyi, a parent point 26 is assigned a van Rooney polygon 27. In this figure, the van ronoi polygons 28, 28, which are in contact with the boundary of the field of view, are thinly painted, as described above, are not counted when calculating the average area. In addition, in the figure, only the partial mother point and the Van Rooney polygon indicate the pull-out line and the symbol, but the fact that there is a majority between the mother point and the Van Rooney polygon is explained by the above description and the figure. When it is easy to understand.

Next, the degree of blurring of the antiglare film of the present invention with respect to the normal incident light is preferably 3% or more and 20% or less. When the ambiguity is high, since the front contrast of the anti-glare film used in the liquid crystal panel is lowered, the blurring degree is preferably 20% or less. On the other hand, when the degree of blur is less than 3%, the anti-glare property becomes insufficient, and the visibility tends to decrease. The degree of blur of the anti-glare film can be measured in accordance with the method shown in JIS K76.

Further, in the antiglare film of the present invention, it is preferable to use a combination of three types of optical combs having a width of a dark portion and a bright portion of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm at a light incident angle of 45°, and a sum of reflection sharpness of 30% or less. The reflectance is measured by the method specified in JIS K7105. In this specification, the ratio of the width of the dark portion to the bright portion is 1:1 as the optical comb used for the measurement of the sharpness of the image, and the width is 0.125 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm. 4 kinds. In the case of using an optical comb having a width of 0.125 mm, in the anti-glare film defined by the present invention, since the error of the measured value becomes large, the measured value when the optical comb having a width of 0.125 mm is used is not added and used, but is used. The sum of image sharpness measured by three kinds of optical combs having widths of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm is called reflection sharpness. The maximum value of the reflection sharpness of the case of this definition is 300. When the reflection sharpness of the definition exceeds 30%, the image of the light source or the like is clearly reflected, and the anti-glare property is unfavorable.

However, when the reflectance is 30% or less, it is difficult to compare the anti-glare property with the reflection sharpness. When the reflection sharpness of the above definition is 30% or less, the reflection brightness of the optical combs having widths of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm is used, at most 10%, so that the reflection sharpness due to measurement error or the like is caused. The deviation becomes impossible to ignore.

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have compared the advantages and disadvantages of the anti-glare property by visual observation of an anti-glare film having a reflection sharpness of 30% or less obtained by a production method as described later. By comparing the evaluation results of the visual anti-glare property with the reflection distribution described earlier, it was found that the index of the anti-glare property of the anti-glare film can be appropriately evaluated.

In the anti-glare film of the present invention, it is preferable that the high-definition image display element used in combination has a pixel density of 100 ppi (Pixel per inch). When the pixel density of 100 ppi or less is seen to be glaring, it is difficult to use it in combination with a high-definition image display element, which is not preferable.

Shining can be evaluated using the following methods. First, a photomask having a pattern of a unit body as shown in plan view in Fig. 6 is prepared. In the figure, the unit body 30 is formed on a transparent substrate, and a hook-shaped chrome-shielding pattern 31 is formed with a line width of 10 μm, and a portion where the chrome-shielding pattern 31 is not formed is the opening 32. In the embodiment described later, the size of the unit body is 254 μm × 84 μm (vertical × horizontal), and therefore the size of the opening is 244 μm × 74 μm (vertical × horizontal). The illustrated unit system is arranged in a plurality of rows and columns to form a photomask.

Then, as shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of Fig. 7, the chrome-shielding pattern 31 of the mask 33 is placed upside down on the light box 35, and the sample in which the anti-glare film 11 is adhered with the adhesive to the glass sheet 37 is placed. On the mask 33. A light source 36 is disposed in the light box 35. In this state, the sensory evaluation of the blaze was performed by visual observation from a position 39 of about 30 cm from the sample.

Next, a method for appropriately producing the antiglare film of the present invention, and a method for producing a metal mold having irregularities formed on the surface thereof to obtain the antiglare film will be described. The anti-glare film of the present invention is advantageously produced by a method of forming a metal mold having irregularities in a predetermined shape, transferring the uneven surface of the mold to a transparent resin film, and then peeling off the transfer from the mold. A transparent resin film having a concave-convex surface. In this method, in order to obtain a metal mold having irregularities, copper plating or nickel plating is applied to the surface of the metal substrate, and after the plating surface is polished, the fine particles are caused to collide with the polishing surface to form irregularities, and the unevenness is formed. After the shape is subjected to passivation processing, chrome plating is applied to the uneven surface to form a mold.

First, irregularities are formed by collision of fine particles, and copper plating or nickel plating is applied to the surface of the metal substrate on which the chromium plating layer is formed. Thus, by applying copper plating or nickel plating to the metal surface for constituting the mold, the adhesion and gloss of the chrome plating of the subsequent treatment can be improved. When chrome plating is applied to the surface of iron or the like, or when chrome plating is formed by blasting and bead blasting, and chrome plating is applied again, as described in the prior art column, the surface is easily roughened and fine cracks are generated. And adversely affect the shape of the anti-glare film. On the other hand, the inventors have found that such a problem can be eliminated by applying copper plating or nickel plating to the surface. This is because the copper plating and the nickel plating have high covering properties and a smoothing effect, so that the fine unevenness of the metal substrate or the hole nest can be filled to form a flat and shiny surface. Through the above-mentioned characteristics of copper plating and nickel plating, it is considered that the roughness of the chrome-plated surface due to minute irregularities or pores existing in the metal substrate can be eliminated, and it is also considered that the copper plating and the nickel plating are covered. High, so reduce the occurrence of small cracks.

Here, copper or nickel may be an alloy mainly composed of copper or an alloy mainly composed of nickel, in addition to being pure metal. Therefore, the term "copper" as used in this specification means copper and a copper alloy, and nickel means nickel and a nickel alloy. The copper plating and the nickel plating may be performed by electrolytic plating or electroless plating, respectively, and electrolytic plating is usually employed.

Examples of the metal suitable for constituting the mold include aluminum and iron from the viewpoint of cost. Further, from the viewpoint of handling convenience, lightweight aluminum is preferred. The so-called aluminum and iron may be aluminum or iron-based alloys in addition to pure metals. Applying copper plating or nickel plating to the surface of such a metal substrate, and grinding the surface to obtain a smoother and glossy surface, causing the fine particles to collide with the surface to form fine irregularities, and passivating the uneven shape After the processing, the mold is formed by applying chrome plating.

When copper plating or nickel plating is performed, if the plating layer is too thin, the influence of the base metal cannot be completely excluded, so the thickness is preferably 10 μm or more. Although the upper limit of the thickness of the plating layer is not critical, it is generally sufficient to be 500 μm in terms of cost and the like.

The shape of the metal mold may also be a flat metal plate, or may be a cylindrical or cylindrical metal drum. When a mold is produced using a metal drum, an anti-glare film can be produced in a continuous roll shape.

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a step of obtaining a metal mold, taking a case where a flat plate is used as an example. Fig. 8(A) shows a cross section of a substrate plated with copper, nickel and mirror-polished, and a plating layer 42 is formed on the surface of the substrate 41, and the surface is the polished surface 43. The irregularities are formed by causing the fine particles to collide with the surface of the electroplated layer 42 thus mirror-polished. Fig. 8(B) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the substrate 41 after the collision of the fine particles, and collides with the fine particles to form a partial spherical concave surface 44.

(C) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the substrate 41 subjected to passivation processing on the surface of the uneven shape by the fine particles, wherein (C1) shows a state of being passivated by etching treatment. And (C2) shows a state in which it is passivated by copper plating. Further, in (C1), a state corresponding to a partial spherical concave surface of (B) before being passivated by etching is indicated by a broken line. In the example of the etching treatment using (C1), the concave surface 44 and the acute-angle projection shown by (B) are removed by etching to form a shape 46a in which the acute-angle projection on the partial spherical surface is passivated. On the other hand, in the case of copper plating using (C2), a copper plating layer 45 is formed on the concave surface 44 shown in (B), whereby the shape 46b in which the acute-angle projections on the partial spherical surface are passivated is formed.

Thereafter, the uneven shape of the surface is further passivated by applying chrome plating. Fig. 8(D) is a schematic cross-sectional view after chrome plating, wherein (D1) is applied to the embossed surface 46a which is passivated by etching as shown by (CI), and (D2) is A chrome plating is applied to the copper plating layer 45 shown in (C2).

In the example of the etching treatment from (C1) to (D1), the chrome plating layer 47 is formed on the surface 46a in a state of being passivated by the etching shown by (C), and the uneven surface 46a is compared with (C1). The surface 48 is etched into a more passivated state by chrome plating, in other words, the state in which the uneven shape is relaxed. Further, in the case of using copper plating from (C2) to (D2), a copper plating layer 45 is formed on the fine concave surface of the copper plating or nickel plating layer 42 formed on the substrate 41, and a chrome plating layer is formed thereon. 47, the surface 48 is in a state of being more passivated than the uneven surface 46b of (C2) by chrome plating, in other words, the state in which the uneven shape is relaxed. In this manner, after the fine particles are collided with the surface of the copper plating or nickel plating layer 42 to form irregularities, the surface 46 (46a or 46b) subjected to passivation is applied to the uneven shape, and chrome plating is applied to obtain substantially no flat portion. Metal mold. Moreover, such a mold is suitable for producing an anti-glare film having desired optical characteristics.

The plating layer composed of copper or nickel on the substrate is in a state in which the surface is ground by the particles, and it is particularly preferable to polish to a state close to the mirror surface. In this case, as a metal plate and a metal roll of a base material, in order to form a desired precision, machining such as cutting and grinding is often applied, so that processing marks remain on the surface of the substrate.

Even in the state in which copper plating or nickel plating is applied, the above-described processing marks remain, and in the state of plating, the surface does not necessarily become completely smooth. In the state where the deep processing marks remain, even if the surface of the substrate is deformed by the collision of the fine particles, there are cases where the unevenness of the processing marks or the like is deeper than the unevenness formed by the fine particles, and there is a possibility that the processing marks and the like are left. Sex.

When such an mold is used to manufacture an anti-glare film, it may have an unpredictable effect on optical characteristics.

The polishing method to which the surface of the substrate to be plated is applied is not particularly limited, and any of a mechanical polishing method, an electrolytic polishing method, and a chemical polishing method can be used. The mechanical polishing method is exemplified by a super-finishing method, a lapping method, a fluid polishing method, a polishing method, and the like. The surface roughness after polishing is expressed by the center line average roughness Ra, and Ra is preferably 0.5 μm or less, and Ra is preferably 0.1 μm or less. When Ra is too large, even if the surface of the metal is deformed by collision of fine particles, the influence of the surface roughness before deformation may remain, which is not preferable. Further, the lower limit of Ra is not particularly limited, and from the viewpoint of processing time and processing cost, there is naturally a limit, and therefore it is not necessary to specify it.

In the method of causing the fine particles to collide with the surface on which the plating has been applied, a spray processing method is suitably used. The jet processing method includes a sand blasting method, a bead blasting method, a liquid honing method, and the like. In the case of using the particles processed as described above, it is preferable to use a shape in which the shape close to a spherical shape is more acute, and it is preferable that particles having a hard material such as an acute angle are not formed during the processing. As the particles satisfying these conditions, in the ceramic-based particles, beads of spherical zirconia and beads of alumina are preferably used. Further, among the metal-based particles, steel and stainless steel beads are preferred. Further, it is also possible to use a bead which supports ceramic and metal particles in a resin binder.

As the fine particles for colliding with the surface to which the substrate is applied, the anti-glare film having excellent anti-glare properties can be produced by using fine particles having an average particle diameter of 10 to 50 μm, especially spherical particles. When the average particle diameter of the fine particles is smaller than 10 μm, it is difficult to form sufficient irregularities on the surface to which the plating is applied, and it becomes difficult to obtain sufficient anti-glare performance. On the other hand, when the average particle diameter of the fine particles is larger than 50 μm, the surface unevenness is likely to be rough, and glare or texture deterioration is likely to occur. Here, when processing is performed using fine particles having an average particle diameter of 15 μm or less, it is preferable to use a wet spray method in which particles are dispersed in an appropriate dispersion medium, so that the particles are not aggregated by static electricity or the like.

In addition, the pressure at the time of collision of the fine particles, the amount of the fine particles used, and the distance from the nozzle for spraying the fine particles to the metal surface also affect the uneven shape after the processing, thereby affecting the surface shape of the anti-glare film, and generally, It illustrates a pressure of 0.1 to 0.4MPa degree of pressure, or the processing of the metal surface area per 1cm ² of 4 to 12g extent of the amount of fine particles, from 200mm to 600mm from the extent of the injection nozzle to the metal surface of fine particles as long as the use of microparticles in accordance with the The type, the particle diameter, the type of the metal, the shape of the nozzle for spraying the fine particles, and the desired uneven shape are appropriately selected.

The arithmetic mean height Pa of an arbitrary cross-sectional curve is 0.1 μm or more and 1 μm or less by causing the fine particles to collide with the surface of the substrate to which the plated surface is applied, and the arithmetic mean height Pa of the cross-sectional curve and the average length PSm The ratio Pa/PSm is preferably 0.02 or more and 0.1 or less. The arithmetic mean height Pa is smaller than 0.1 μm, or the ratio Pa/PSm is 0.02 hours. When the concave-convex shape is subjected to passivation processing before the chrome plating process, the uneven surface becomes almost flat, and it is difficult to obtain a desired surface shape. Mold. Further, when the arithmetic mean height Pa is larger than 1 μm or the ratio Pa/PSm is larger than 0.1, the passivation processing of the uneven shape before the chrome plating process has to be performed under strong conditions, and it is easy to make it difficult to control the surface shape.

In this manner, a substrate having irregularities formed on the surface of the copper plating or the nickel plating is processed by applying a passivated uneven shape. For the processing of passivating the uneven shape, as described in (C) and (D) of Fig. 8 above, it is preferable to perform etching treatment or copper plating. By performing the etching treatment, the sharp portion of the uneven shape formed by the collision of the fine particles disappears. Thereby, the optical characteristics of the anti-glare film produced as a mold can be changed in an appropriate direction. In addition, since the copper plating system has a stronger smoothing effect, the effect of passivating the uneven shape is stronger than that of chrome plating. Thereby, the optical characteristics of the anti-glare film produced as a mold are changed in an appropriate direction.

The etching treatment is usually carried out by using an aqueous solution of ferric chloride (FeCl ₃ ), an aqueous solution of copper (CuCl ₂ ), an alkaline etching solution (Cu(NH ₃ ) ₄ Cl ₂ ), or the like by etching the surface. A strong acid such as tannic acid or sulfuric acid can be used, and reverse electrolytic etching by applying a potential opposite to that of electrolytic plating can also be used. The passivation of the unevenness after the etching treatment is different depending on the type of the base metal, the size and depth of the unevenness obtained by the spraying method, and the like, and therefore cannot be generalized, but the largest factor in controlling the passivation is the etching amount. The amount of etching referred to herein means the thickness of the substrate (electroplated layer) which is removed by etching. When the etching amount is small, the passivation effect of the surface shape of the unevenness obtained by the method such as spraying is insufficient, and the optical characteristics of the anti-glare film obtained by transferring the uneven shape to the transparent film are not ideal. On the other hand, when the amount of etching is too large, the uneven shape is almost eliminated, and the mold is almost flat. Therefore, the anti-glare property cannot be displayed. Therefore, the etching amount is preferably 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less, and more preferably 2 μm or more and 10 μm or less.

When copper plating is used as the passivation process, the passivation of the unevenness is different depending on the type and thickness of the base metal, the size and depth of the unevenness obtained by the method such as the spray, or the type and thickness of the plating, so it cannot be generalized, but the passivation is controlled. The biggest factor in the situation is the plating thickness. When the thickness of the copper plating layer is small, the passivation effect of the surface shape of the unevenness obtained by the method such as spraying is insufficient, and the optical characteristics of the antiglare film obtained by transferring the uneven shape to the transparent film are not ideal. On the other hand, when the plating thickness is too thick, in addition to the deterioration in productivity, since the uneven shape almost disappears, the anti-glare property cannot be exhibited. Therefore, the thickness of the copper plating should be set to 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less, and more preferably 4 μm or more and 10 μm or less.

In this manner, the surface shape of the base material on which the copper plating or the nickel plating surface is formed with the unevenness is passivated, and the surface of the surface hardness is improved while the surface of the uneven surface is further etched by chrome plating. The passivation of the concavities and convexities at this time differs depending on the type and thickness of the underlying metal, the size and depth of the concavities and the like, and the type or thickness of the plating, so it cannot be generalized, but the factor that controls the passivation is the largest. Or plating thickness. When the thickness of the chrome plating layer is small, the passivation effect of the surface shape of the unevenness obtained before the chrome plating process is insufficient, and the optical characteristics of the antiglare film obtained by transferring the uneven shape to the transparent film are not ideal. On the other hand, when the plating thickness is too thick, in addition to deterioration in productivity, a projection-like plating defect called a small nodule is generated. Therefore, the thickness of the chrome plating should be set to 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and more preferably 2 μm or more and 6 μm or less.

In the present invention, it is used for chrome plating having a glossy surface, a high hardness, a small friction coefficient, and a good mold release property. The type of chrome plating is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use chrome plating which is called gloss chrome plating or decorative chrome plating which exhibits good gloss. The chrome plating is usually carried out by electrolysis, and in the case of the plating bath, an aqueous solution containing chromic anhydride (CrO ₃ ) and a small amount of sulfuric acid is used. The thickness of the chrome can be controlled by adjusting the current density and the electrolysis time.

The surface of the chrome-plated mold is preferably a Vickers hardness of 800 or more, more preferably 1,000 or more. When the Vickers hardness is low, in addition to the decrease in durability when the mold is used, the hardness is lowered by chrome plating, and the plating bath composition is highly likely to cause an abnormality in the plating bath composition and the electrolytic condition, and is defective. The possibility of causing a bad influence on the production situation is also high.

In the prior art, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-189106, JP-A-2004-45472, and JP-A-2004-90187, etc., disclose the use of chrome plating, but the type of substrate and chrome plating before plating according to the mold. Most of them will have surface roughness or slight cracks caused by chrome plating after plating. As a result, the optical properties of the anti-glare layer produced will develop in an unsuitable direction. The plated surface is rough and is not suitable as a metal mold for anti-glare film. This is because the plating surface is usually polished after chrome plating in order to eliminate the glare, but as will be described later, in the present invention, the polishing of the surface after plating is not preferable. In the present invention, by applying copper plating or nickel plating to the base metal, the problem that is easily caused by chrome plating is released.

In the case where the passivation uneven shape is not applied before the chrome plating is applied, in order to sufficiently passivate the sharp portion of the uneven shape formed by the collision of the fine particles, it is necessary to thicken the chrome plating. However, when the thickness of the chrome plating is too thick, it is not preferable because it is easy to produce small nodules. Further, when the thickness of the chrome plating is made thin, the uneven shape formed by the collision of the fine particles cannot be sufficiently passivated, and the mold having the desired surface shape cannot be obtained, so that the antiglare film produced by using the mold cannot be excellent. Anti-glare performance.

Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-189106 discloses a technique in which a chrome-plated roller is formed on a surface of iron by a sand blasting method and a bead blasting method, and then a chrome plating technique is applied, and a technique of chrome plating is applied. A technique of forming a concavity and convexity by a method such as etching or sand blasting on a metal surface, and a method of applying a bead blasting method and a blasting treatment to a surface of a drum is described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-29240 and No. 2004-90187. Technology. However, there is no mention of a method according to the present invention, in which a process of positively applying a passivation to a surface shape after collision of fine particles is formed, and a chrome plating process is applied to passivate the surface uneven shape, according to the inventor of the present invention. In the review, if the process of the passivated surface shape is not actively applied as in the method of the present invention, an anti-glare film having excellent anti-glare properties cannot be produced.

Further, it is not preferable to apply plating other than chrome plating to the surface of the metal on which the irregularities are formed. In this case, since plating and plating are performed in addition to chrome plating, the hardness and the abrasion resistance are lowered, and the durability as a mold is lowered, and the unevenness is easily worn or the mold is damaged during use. The antiglare film obtained from such a mold is highly likely to have a sufficient antiglare function, and further, there is a high possibility that defects are generated in the film.

As disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-90187, the surface after polishing is not suitable for the present invention. The reason is that since the flat portion is generated on the outermost surface by the polishing, the optical characteristics may be degraded, or the shape control factor may be increased, and the shape control with good reproducibility may become difficult. Fig. 9 is a passivation process of the concavo-convex shape obtained by collision of fine particles. Here, after the etching treatment shown in Fig. 8 (C1) is applied, the surface to which the chrome plating shown by (D1) is applied is similarly polished. A schematic cross-sectional view of a metal sheet that produces a flat surface. In the surface unevenness 48 of the chrome plating layer 47 formed on the surface of the copper plating or nickel plating layer 42, a flat surface 49 is produced by grinding a part of the convex portion. Fig. 9 is a view showing an example of polishing the surface of the chrome plated after etching shown in (D1) of Fig. 8, and when chrome plating after copper plating shown in Fig. 8 (D2), The surface is ground to produce a flat surface.

Next, a step of manufacturing an anti-glare film using the metal mold obtained by this method will be described. An anti-glare film can be obtained by transferring the shape of the metal mold obtained by the method as described above to the magnetic resin film. The shape of the mold is transferred to the film, which is preferably carried out by embossing. In the embossing, a UV embossing method using a photocurable resin and a thermal embossing method using a thermoplastic resin are exemplified.

In the UV embossing method, a photocurable resin layer is formed on the surface of the transparent base film, and the photocurable resin layer is pressed against the uneven surface of the mold to be cured. The surface was transferred to a photocurable resin layer. Specifically, the ultraviolet curable resin is applied to the transparent base film, and the applied ultraviolet curable resin is adhered to the metal mold, and the ultraviolet curable resin is cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays from the transparent base film side. Thereafter, the transparent base film formed of the cured ultraviolet curable resin layer is peeled off from the metal mold, and the shape of the metal mold is transferred to the ultraviolet curable resin. The type of the ultraviolet curable resin is not particularly limited. Further, although it is represented by an ultraviolet curable resin, a resin which can be hardened by visible light having a wavelength longer than the ultraviolet light can be used by appropriately selecting a photoinitiator. In other words, the ultraviolet curable resin referred to herein also includes a general term for such a visible light curable resin. On the other hand, in the hot embossing method, a transparent thermoplastic resin film is pressed against a metal mold in a heated state, and the surface shape of the mold is transferred to the thermoplastic resin film. Among these embossing methods, the UV embossing method is preferred from the viewpoint of productivity.

The transparent base film which can be used for the production of the anti-glare film is substantially optically transparent, and examples thereof include a triacetyl cellulose film and a polyethylene terephthalate film. Resin film.

For the ultraviolet curable resin, a market seller can be used. For example, a polyfunctional acrylate such as Trimethylol Propane Triacrylate or pentaerythritol tetraacrylate may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds thereof, and "irgacure" may be mixed. A photopolymerization initiator such as -907", "irgacure 184" (above, manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.), "Lucirin TPO" (manufactured by BASF Corporation), or the like is used as an ultraviolet curable resin.

The thermoplastic transparent resin film used in the heat embossing method may be any material as long as it is transparent. For example, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, or polyethylene terephthalate may be used. Diester, cellulose triacetate, drop The Norbornene-based compound is a solvent cast film or an extruded film of a thermoplastic resin such as a monomeric amorphous cyclic polyolefin. These transparent resin films may also be transparent substrate films in the case of the UV embossing method described above.

The anti-glare film of the present invention having the above configuration is excellent in anti-glare effect and can effectively prevent whitening, so that it is excellent in visibility when mounted on an image display device. When the image display device is a liquid crystal panel, the anti-glare film can be laminated on the polarizing film. In other words, in general, the polarizing film is a shape of a protective film in at least one area of a polarizing element composed of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film which is adsorbed and bound to an iodine or a dichroic dye, and is polarized. When one of the surfaces of the film is bonded to the antiglare film which imparts irregularities as described above, it becomes an antiglare polarizing film. In addition, the film which is provided with the anti-glare unevenness as described above may be used as a protective film and an anti-glare layer, and may be bonded to one surface of the polarizing element so that the uneven surface is outward. Polarized film. Further, in the polarizing film in which the protective film is laminated, the anti-glare unevenness of the above type is imparted to the surface of the overcoat protective film, and it can also be used as an anti-glare polarizing film.

The image display device of the present invention is a combination of an anti-glare film having a specific surface shape as described above and an image display means. In the image display means, a liquid crystal panel including a liquid crystal element in which a liquid crystal is sealed between the upper and lower substrates, and a liquid crystal alignment state is changed by an applied voltage, and a liquid crystal panel is displayed as a representative display means, but other electric power is used. The anti-glare film of the present invention can also be applied to various panels which are generally known, such as a slurry display panel, a CRT panel, and an organic EL panel. Further, the anti-glare film described above is disposed on the identification side of the image display means to constitute an image display device. At this time, the uneven surface of the anti-glare film is disposed so as to be the outer side (identification side). The anti-glare film may be directly bonded to the surface of the image display means, or when the liquid crystal panel is used as the image display means, for example, the polarizing film may be bonded to the surface of the liquid crystal panel. In the image display device having the anti-glare film of the present invention, the incident light can be scattered by the unevenness on the surface of the anti-glare film to blur the image, thereby providing excellent visibility.

Further, even when the anti-glare film of the present invention is used in a highly-fine image display device, it does not occur in the glare seen by the conventional anti-glare film, and has a low blurring degree and a sufficient anti-reflection film. Into, prevent whitening, and suppress the performance of shine.

The invention is more specifically described below by way of examples, but the invention is not limited by these examples. The evaluation method of the mold or anti-glare film of the following examples is as follows.

1. Measurement of Vickers hardness of a mold An ultrasonic hardness tester "MIC10" manufactured by Krautkramer Co., Ltd. was used, and Vickers hardness was measured in accordance with the method according to JIS Z 2244. The measurement is performed only on the surface of the mold itself.

2. The measurement of the optical characteristics of the anti-glare film (reflectance) is performed by irradiating the parallel light from the He-Ne laser to the uneven surface of the anti-glare film from a direction inclined by 30° with respect to the normal line of the film. Measurement of the angular change in reflectance in the plane of the line and the direction of illumination. The reflectance measurement system uses the "3292 03 Optical Inductance Detector" and the "3292 Optical Power Meter" manufactured by Yokogawa Electric Co., Ltd.

(Fuzziness) The ambiguity of the anti-glare film was measured using a ambiguity meter "HM-150" type manufactured by Murakami Color Technology Research Institute (JIS K 7136). In order to prevent warping of the sample, an optically transparent adhesive is applied to the glass substrate so that the uneven surface becomes a surface, and measurement is performed in this state.

(Penetration sharpness) The visibility of the anti-glare film was measured using an image measuring instrument "ICW-1DP" manufactured by a SUGA test machine (JIS K 7105). At this time, in order to prevent the sample from being warped, the optically transparent adhesive was used, and the glass substrate was bonded to the surface so that the uneven surface became the surface, and then the measurement was performed. In this state, light is incident from the glass side and measured. The measured value here is the total value of the values measured by the four types of optical combs having the widths of the dark portion and the bright portion of 0.125 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm, respectively. The maximum penetration clarity at this time is 400%.

(Reflective Brightness) The reflection sharpness of the anti-glare film was measured using the same image measuring instrument "ICW-1DP" as described above. At this time, in order to prevent the warpage of the sample, an optically transparent adhesive was used, and the glass substrate was bonded to the surface with the uneven surface as a surface, and then the measurement was performed. Further, in order to prevent reflection from the back glass surface, a 2 mm-thick ochre acrylic plate is adhered to the glass surface of the glass plate to which the anti-glare film is attached with water, and light is emitted from the sample (anti-glare film) side in this state. Incident, measurement. The measured value here is a total value of the values measured by using three types of optical combs having a width of the dark portion and the bright portion of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm as described above.

3. Measurement of surface shape of anti-glare film The surface shape of the anti-glare film was measured using a confocal microscope "PL μ 2300" manufactured by Sensofar Co., Ltd. At this time, in order to prevent the warpage of the sample, an optically transparent adhesive was applied and the surface of the glass substrate was attached so that the uneven surface was a surface, and then the measurement was performed. When measuring, the magnification of the objective lens is set to 50 times, and the resolution is lowered to perform measurement. When measuring with high resolution, the small unevenness of the sample surface is measured, which affects the counting of the convex portion.

(The arithmetic mean height Pa of the profile curve, the maximum profile height Pt and the average length PSm) are based on the measurement data obtained above, and the arithmetic mean height Pa, the maximum profile height Pt, and the calculation are performed according to JIS B 0601. And the average length PSm.

(the elevation column chart) is based on the ternary coordinate value of each point on the surface of the anti-glare film obtained by the above measurement, and the peak (height 100%) and the lowest point (height 0%) are obtained according to the above algorithm. Divide in 5% units, and make a column chart and find its peak position.

(the number of convex portions) is based on the ternary coordinate value of each point on the surface of the anti-glare film obtained by the above measurement, and is obtained in an area of 200 μm × 200 μm according to the algorithm previously described with reference to FIG. The number of convex parts inside.

(The average area of the polygon of the Ronoluoyi when performing the Ronoluo division) is based on the ternary coordinate value of each point on the surface of the anti-glare film obtained by the above measurement, according to the algorithm previously described with reference to FIG. To calculate and find the average area of the Van Rooney polygon.

4. Evaluation of anti-glare performance of anti-glare film (visual evaluation of reflection, whitening, and texture) In order to prevent reflection from the back surface of the anti-glare film, an anti-glare film is attached to the green acrylic resin plate so that the uneven surface is a surface. In the bright room where the fluorescent lamp was lit, the surface of the uneven surface was visually observed, and the presence or absence of the fluorescent lamp, the degree of whitening, and the texture were visually evaluated. The reflection, whitening, and texture were evaluated in the three-stage order of 1 to 3, respectively, according to the following criteria.

Reflected in 1. No observed reflection 3. Slightly observed to reflect 4. Obviously observed to reflect

Whitening 1. No whitening was observed 2. A little whitening was observed 3. Clearly observed whitening

Texture 1. The traces are small and the texture is good. 2. The traces are slightly thicker and the texture is slightly worse. 3. The traces are obviously thick and the texture is poor.

(Evaluation of Shine) The blaze is evaluated using the method previously described with reference to Figures 6 and 7. That is, a reticle having a pattern of the unit body shown in FIG. 6 is formed, as shown in FIG. 7, the chrome-shielding pattern 31 of the reticle 33 is directed upward and placed in the light box 35, and A sample of the anti-glare film 2 adhered to the 1.1 mm-thick glass plate 37 with a thickness of 20 μm was placed on the reticle 33, and was visually observed by a position 39 from a position of about 30 cm from the sample, and the glare was performed in 7 stages. The degree of fascia evaluation. The number 1 is a state in which the blaze is completely unconfirmed, while the number 7 is a state in which the glare is severely observed, and the gradation 3 is only slightly observed in the state of glare. Further, in the unit body of the photomask, the horizontal length of the unit body and the horizontal direction of the unit body in Fig. 6 are 254 μm × 84 μm, that is, the opening portion of the sixth drawing and the horizontal portion of the opening portion are 244 μm × 74 μm.

[Example 1]

A surface of a 200 mm diameter iron drum (STKM13A according to JIS) was subjected to a copper ballard plating element. The copper Ballard plating system is composed of a copper plating layer/thin silver plating layer/surface copper plating layer, and the entire plating layer has a thickness of about 200 μm. The copper-plated surface was mirror-polished, and the glazed beads "TZ-SX-17" (trade name) manufactured by TOSOH (stock) was used in the polishing surface. , the average particle diameter is 20 μm), the amount of beads used is 8 g/cm ² (the amount of surface area per 1 cm ² of the drum, hereinafter referred to as "spray amount"), and the spray pressure is 0.25 MPa (measurement pressure, the same applies hereinafter) The nozzle is sprayed from a nozzle that sprays fine particles to a metal surface at a distance of 300 mm (hereinafter referred to as "spray distance"), and irregularities are formed on the surface. The obtained copper-plated iron drum having irregularities was etched with an aqueous solution of copper dichloride. The etching amount at this time was set to 4 μm. Thereafter, chrome plating was performed to obtain a metal mold. At this time, the chrome plating thickness was set to 4 μm. The surface of the obtained mold had a Vickers hardness of 1,000.

In addition, the photocurable resin composition "GRANDIC 806T" (trade name) manufactured by Dainippon Ink Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. was dissolved in ethyl acetate to obtain a 50% by weight solution, and further, it will be photopolymerized. "Lucirin T PO" (manufactured by BASF Corporation, chemical name: 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide), added 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the curable resin component The coating liquid was prepared. The coating liquid was applied to a cellulose triacetate (TAC) film having a thickness of 80 μm so as to have a coating thickness after drying of 5 μm, and dried in a dryer set at 60 ° C for 3 minutes. The dried film is pressed against the mold side by a rubber roller so that the photocurable resin composition layer is adhered to the uneven surface of the metal mold produced in the above manner. In this state, light from a high-pressure mercury lamp having a strength of 20 mW/cm ² was irradiated from the TAC film side so that the amount of light converted into h lines was 200 mJ/cm ² to cure the photocurable resin composition layer. Thereafter, the TAC film was peeled off from the mold together with the cured resin, and a transparent antiglare film having a layered body of a cured resin having irregularities and a TAC film was obtained.

With respect to the obtained antiglare film, the optical characteristics, the uneven surface shape, and the antiglare property were evaluated by the above-described methods, and the results were shown in Table 1 together with the mold production conditions. Further, the scattering characteristic (reflection profile) of the reflected light obtained at the time of measuring the reflectance is shown in Fig. 10, and the histogram of the elevation is shown in Fig. 11. In addition, the details of the reflection sharpness and the penetration sharpness in Table 1 (A) are as follows.

[Second to Third Embodiments and First to Second Comparative Examples]

The spray pressure at the time of mold production was changed to Table 1, and other metal molds having irregularities on the surface were produced in the same manner as in the first embodiment. The surface of the mold obtained in either case had a Vickers hardness of 1,000. A transparent antiglare film comprising a laminate of a cured resin having irregularities and a TAC film on the surface was produced in the same manner as in the first embodiment using a separate mold. The optical characteristics, surface shape, and antiglare property of the obtained antiglare film are shown in Table 1 together with the production conditions of the mold. In Table 1, (A) is a mold forming condition and an optical characteristic of an anti-glare film, and (B) is a surface shape and an anti-glare property of the anti-glare film.

In addition, in the second embodiment and the third embodiment, the graph of the reflection cross section of the anti-glare film and the result of the first embodiment are respectively shown in Fig. 10, and the columnar view of the elevation and the first embodiment are shown. The results of the examples are also shown in Figure 11. In the first comparative example and the second comparative example, a graph showing the reflection distribution of the anti-glare film is shown in Fig. 12, and a histogram of the elevation is shown in Fig. 13.

[Fourth embodiment]

In the same manner as in the first embodiment, the surface of the drum was sprayed in the same manner as in the first embodiment except that the spray pressure at the time of mold production was changed to 0.3 MPa and the spray distance was changed to 450 mm. Thereafter, copper plating was used as the passivation of the uneven shape. The processing was carried out, and the plating thickness at this time was set to 8 μm, and in the same manner as in the first embodiment, a metal mold having irregularities on the surface was produced. The surface of the obtained mold had a Vickers hardness of 1,000. Using this mold, a transparent antiglare film having a laminate of a cured resin having irregularities and a TAC film on its surface was produced in the same manner as in the first embodiment. The optical characteristics, surface shape, and anti-glare property of the obtained anti-glare film are shown in Table 1 together with the production conditions of the mold. In addition, the graph of the reflection cross section of the anti-glare film and the results of the first comparative example and the second comparative example are shown in Fig. 12, and the histogram of the elevation is compared with the first comparative example and the second comparative example. The results are also shown in Figure 13.

As shown in Table 1, since the regular reflectance R (30) of the first comparative example exceeded 0.2 and R (40) was less than 0.005%, sufficient anti-glare property could not be exhibited. Since the positive reflectance R (30) of the second comparative example is less than 0.04%, whitening is severe. Further, in the first comparative example and the second comparative example, one of the necessary conditions specified by the other inventions is not satisfied, and as a result, it is not possible to have sufficient anti-glare properties and low ambiguity.

On the other hand, the reflection distribution and the surface shape satisfy the samples of the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention, no reflection phenomenon is observed, whitening is small, and almost no glare is observed, indicating that the antiglare property is excellent. .

[Third Comparative Example and Fourth Comparative Example]

The fine particles used for the spray processing were changed to zirconia beads "TZ-B125" (trade name, average particle diameter 125 μm) made of TOSOH (stock), and the amount of spray, the pressure of the spray, the distance of the spray, The processing of the passivated surface shape was as shown in Table 2, and other metal molds having irregularities on the surface were produced in the same manner as in the first embodiment. The surface of any of the obtained molds had a Vickers hardness of 1,000. A transparent antiglare film comprising a laminate of a cured resin having irregularities and a TAC film on the surface was produced in the same manner as in the first embodiment using a separate mold. The optical characteristics, surface shape, and anti-glare property of the obtained anti-glare film are shown in Table 2 together with the production conditions of the mold. In Table 2, (A) is a mold forming condition and an optical characteristic of the anti-glare film, and (B) is a surface shape and an anti-glare property of the anti-glare film. Further, a graph showing the reflection distribution of the anti-glare film is shown in Fig. 14, and a histogram of the elevation is shown in Fig. 15.

The third comparative example and the fourth comparative example did not satisfy the requirements of the present invention, and a reflection phenomenon was observed in the third comparative example, and a decrease in the brilliance and texture of the high-order number was observed in the fourth comparative example.

In the case of using a fine particle having a large average particle diameter in the blasting process, when the squirting pressure is weak or the squirting distance is long, the bluntness is low, but it is found to be likely to be reflected. On the other hand, when the spray pressure is strong or the spray distance is close, although sufficient reflection prevention performance is provided, the blaze is remarkably high in the number of stages, and the texture tends to be deteriorated. In order to obtain an anti-glare film which exhibits excellent anti-glare properties as specified in the present invention and which is low in blur, it is necessary to adopt appropriate mold making conditions.

[Fifth Comparative Example and Sixth Comparative Example]

The surface of a 300 mm diameter aluminum cylinder (according to JIS A5056) was mirror-polished. On the surface of the mirror-polished aluminum cylinder obtained, the same zirconia beads "TZ-SX-17" used in the first embodiment were sprayed at a rate of 8 g/cm ² , a spray pressure of 0.1 MPa, and a spray distance of 450 mm. Spraying, and forming irregularities on the surface. A metal mold having a concave and convex aluminum roll obtained by electroless gloss nickel plating on two conditions was used. The plating thickness is after the plating is completed, and the beta film thickness gauge is used (trade name "FISCHERSCOPE" MMS", taken from FISCHER INSTRUMENTS, was used for actual measurement. Using the above mold, in the same manner as in the first embodiment, a transparent film made of a laminated film of a cured resin having irregularities and a TAC film was produced. The glare film, the optical characteristics, the surface shape and the anti-glare property of the obtained anti-glare film are shown in Table 3 together with the thickness of the electroless nickel plating at the time of mold production. In this table, (A) is the production condition of the mold. The optical characteristics of the anti-glare film, and (B) is the surface shape and anti-glare property of the anti-glare mold. Further, the reflection distribution of the anti-glare film is shown in Fig. 16, and the columnar view of the elevation is expressed in Figure 17.

As shown in Table 3, since the positive reflectances R (30) of the samples of the fifth comparative example and the sixth comparative example exceeded 0.2, and R (40) was less than 0.005%, sufficient reflection prevention performance could not be exhibited. . In addition, shine also occurs.

[7th to 12th comparative examples]

The anti-glare film "AG1", "AG3", "AG5", "AG6" formed by the polarizer "sumikaran" sold by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. is an anti-glare layer and is filled with a filler in the ultraviolet-curable resin. "AG8" and "SL6" (as the seventh comparative example to the twelfth comparative example, respectively), and the respective optical characteristics, surface shape, and anti-glare performance were evaluated by the above-described methods, and the results are shown in Table 4. . In Table 4, (A) is the optical characteristic of the anti-glare film, and (B) is the surface shape and anti-glare property of the anti-glare film. Further, a graph of the reflection distribution is shown in Fig. 18, and a histogram of the elevation is shown in Fig. 19. In Figs. 18 and 19, the individual (A) is the result of the seventh to ninth comparative examples, and the (B) is the result of the tenth to twelfth comparative examples.

As shown in Table 4, in the seventh to twelfth comparative examples, those which satisfy the requirements of the present invention are not satisfied, and as a result, there is no sufficient reflection prevention, low ambiguity, prevention of whitening, and prevention of glare. Conditional anti-glare film. Since the antireflection film of the seventh comparative example and the eighth comparative example has a regular reflectance R (30) of more than 0.2% and R (40) of less than 0.005%, sufficient reflection preventing performance cannot be exhibited. In addition, the shine is also remarkable. Since the R (40) of the anti-glare film of the ninth comparative example and the eleventh comparative example is less than 0.005%, the reflection preventing performance is insufficient. Since the R (50) of the antiglare film of the tenth comparative example is higher than 0.0015%, whitening occurs. In the anti-glare film of the twelfth comparative example, although R (30), R (40), and R (50) satisfy the requirements of the present invention, they do not satisfy other necessary conditions, and as a result, they fail to have sufficient anti-reflection. All conditions such as in, low ambiguity, prevention of whitening, and prevention of glare.

Based on the above results, it was found that in order to achieve the optical characteristics of the target of the present invention, it is necessary to have the necessary conditions of the present invention in a balanced manner.

(industrial availability)

The anti-glare film of the invention has the advantages of exhibiting sufficient anti-reflection performance and anti-reflection performance, low blur, maintaining the brightness of the displayed image, and suppressing whitening and glare, etc., and having excellent anti-glare performance. By. Further, the image display device in which the anti-glare film of the present invention is disposed has excellent brightness, anti-glare performance, and visibility.

The anti-glare film of the present invention is disposed not on the image display element but also on the side of the identification side, such as a liquid crystal panel, a plasma display panel, a CRT display, or an organic EL display. Whitening and glare will not occur, and the image will be blurred, providing excellent recognition.

11. . . Anti-glare film

12. . . Film normal

13. . . Incident light direction

15. . . Positive reflection direction

16. . . Arbitrary reflection direction

18. . . Contains the direction of incident light and the normal to the film

twenty one. . . Any point on the anti-glare film

twenty two. . . Anti-glare film surface

twenty three. . . Film datum

twenty four. . . a projection circle centering on any point on the anti-glare film toward the reference plane of the film

26. . . Projection point of the apex of the convex part (the parent point of the ranuosie division)

27. . . Van Rooney Polygon

28. . . Veronoid polygons that do not calculate the boundary of the measured field of view at the mean

30. . . Photomask unit

31. . . Chrome opaque pattern of the mask

32. . . Opening of the mask

33. . . Mask

35. . . Light box

36. . . light source

37. . . glass plate

39. . . Shining observation position

41. . . Metal substrate

42. . . Copper or nickel plating

43. . . Grinding surface

44. . . Concave surface formed by collision of microparticles

45. . . Copper plating

46a. . . a surface that is formed by collision of fine particles and which is passivated by etching

46b. . . a surface that is formed by collision of fine particles and is passivated by copper plating

47. . . Chrome plating

48. . . Residual surface after chrome plating

49. . . Flat surface produced when chrome-plated surface is ground

θ. . . Reflection angle

Fig. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an incident direction and a reflection direction of light toward an anti-glare film.

Fig. 2 is a graph showing a graph of a reflection angle of reflected light and a reflectance (reflectance is a logarithmic scale) with respect to light incident at an angle of 30 from the normal line of the anti-glare film.

Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an elevation chart of an anti-glare film in a graph.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing an algorithm for determining the convex portion of the anti-glare film.

Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a van Rooney diagram of an example in which the vertices of the convex portions of the anti-glare film are used as the mother point to perform the division of the Van Roynyi.

Fig. 6 is a plan view showing a unit body of a pattern for blazing evaluation. Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the state of the blaze evaluation.

Fig. 8 (A) to (D) are schematic cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a mold for producing an antiglare film of the present invention in each step.

Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which the surface is polished after chrome plating.

Fig. 10 is a graph showing the reflection distribution of the anti-glare film obtained in the first to third embodiments.

Fig. 11 is a graph showing a histogram of the elevation of the anti-glare film obtained in the first to third embodiments.

Fig. 12 is a graph showing the reflection distribution of the anti-glare film obtained in the first to second comparative examples and the fourth embodiment.

Fig. 13 is a graph showing a histogram of the elevation of the anti-glare film obtained in the first to second comparative examples and the fourth embodiment.

Fig. 14 is a graph showing the reflection distribution of the anti-glare film obtained in the third comparative example and the fourth comparative example.

Fig. 15 is a graph showing a histogram of the elevation of the anti-glare film obtained in the third comparative example and the fourth comparative example.

Fig. 16 is a graph showing the reflection distribution of the anti-glare film obtained in the fifth comparative example and the sixth comparative example.

Fig. 17 is a graph showing a histogram of the elevation of the anti-glare film obtained in the fifth comparative example and the sixth comparative example.

Fig. 18 (A) and (B) are graphs showing the elevation histograms of the anti-glare films of the seventh to twelfth comparative examples.

Fig. 19 (A) and (B) are graphs showing the reflection distribution of the anti-glare film of the seventh to twelfth comparative examples.

41. . . Metal substrate

42. . . Copper or nickel plating

43. . . Grinding surface

44. . . Concave surface formed by collision of microparticles

45. . . Copper plating

46a. . . a surface that is formed by collision of fine particles and which is passivated by etching

46b. . . a surface that is formed by collision of fine particles and is passivated by copper plating

47. . . Chrome plating

48. . . Residual surface after chrome plating

Claims (14)

An anti-glare film is formed by forming fine irregularities on a surface thereof, and is characterized in that a reflectance R (30) having a reflection angle of 30° is 0.04% or more and 0.2% or less, and a reflection angle, for light incident at an incident angle of 30°. The reflectance R (40) at 40° is 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less, the reflectance R (50) at a reflection angle of 50° is 0.0015% or less, and the reflection angle is 35° for light incident at an incident angle of 30°. The reflectance in the direction is R (35), and the value of R (35) / R (30) is 0.4 or more and 0.8 or less. An anti-glare film is formed by forming fine irregularities on a surface thereof, and is characterized in that a reflectance R (30) having a reflection angle of 30° is 0.04% or more and 0.2% or less, and a reflection angle, for light incident at an incident angle of 30°. The reflectance R (40) at 40° is 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less, and the reflectance R (50) at a reflection angle of 50° is 0.0015% or less, and the anti-glare film is cut off from the surface on which the unevenness is formed. The arithmetic mean height Pa of the cross-sectional curve is 0.09 μm or more and 0.21 μm or less. An anti-glare film is formed by forming fine irregularities on a surface thereof, and is characterized in that a reflectance R (30) having a reflection angle of 30° is 0.04% or more and 0.2% or less, and a reflection angle, for light incident at an incident angle of 30°. The reflectance R (40) at 40° is 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less, and the reflectance R (50) at a reflection angle of 50° is 0.0015% or less, and the anti-glare film is cut off from the surface on which the unevenness is formed. The maximum profile height Pt of the profile curve is 0.5 μm or more and 1.2 μm or less. An anti-glare film is formed by forming fine irregularities on a surface, and is characterized by: a reflection angle of 30° with respect to light incident at an incident angle of 30° R (30) is 0.04% or more and 0.2% or less, the reflectance R (40) at a reflection angle of 40° is 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less, and the reflectance R (50) at a reflection angle of 50° is 0.0015% or less, and The average length PSm of the arbitrary cross-sectional curve cut by the anti-glare film from the surface on which the unevenness is formed is 12 μm or more and 20 μm or less. An anti-glare film is formed by forming fine irregularities on a surface thereof, and is characterized in that a reflectance R (30) having a reflection angle of 30° is 0.04% or more and 0.2% or less, and a reflection angle, for light incident at an incident angle of 30°. The reflectance R (40) at 40° is 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less, and the reflectance R (50) at a reflection angle of 50° is 0.0015% or less, and is represented by a histogram showing a height distribution and a height/maximum elevation. When the anti-glare film is formed with the elevation of each point of the surface of the concavity and convexity, the peak of the histogram is centered at the middle point (50%) of the highest point (height 100%) and the lowest point (height 0%). Within 10% range. An anti-glare film is formed by forming fine irregularities on a surface thereof, and is characterized in that a reflectance R (30) having a reflection angle of 30° is 0.04% or more and 0.2% or less, and a reflection angle, for light incident at an incident angle of 30°. The reflectance R (40) at 40° is 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less, the reflectance R (50) at a reflection angle of 50° is 0.0015% or less, and 150 or more in the region of 200 μm × 200 μm of the anti-glare film. More than 350 convex parts. An anti-glare film is formed by forming fine irregularities on a surface thereof, and is characterized in that a reflectance R (30) having a reflection angle of 30° is 0.04% or more and 0.2% or less, and a reflection angle, for light incident at an incident angle of 30°. The reflectance R (40) at 40° is 0.005% or more and 0.02% or less, and the reflectance R(50) at a reflection angle of 50° is 0.0015% or less, and the convex portion of the uneven surface formed on the surface of the anti-glare film is used. The average area of the polygon formed when the vertex is a mother point and the surface is subjected to Veronoi division is 100 μm ² or more and 300 μm ² or less. The anti-glare film according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the anti-glare film has a ambiguity of 3% or more and 20% or less with respect to normal incident light. The anti-glare film according to any one of the items 1 to 7, wherein the anti-glare film is made of three kinds of optical combs having a width of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm in a dark portion and a bright portion. The sum of the reflection sharpness measured at an incident angle of 45° was 30% or less. The anti-glare film of the eighth aspect of the patent application, wherein the anti-glare film uses three kinds of optical combs having a width of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm in a dark portion and a bright portion, and the reflection is measured at an incident angle of 45° of light. The sum of degrees is less than 30%. An image display device comprising the anti-glare film and the image display element according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the anti-glare film is disposed on a visual confirmation side of the image display element. An image display device comprising an anti-glare film and an image display element according to claim 8 of the patent application, wherein the anti-glare film is disposed on a visual confirmation side of the image display element. An image display device comprising an anti-glare film and an image display element according to claim 9 of the patent scope, wherein the anti-glare film is disposed on a visual confirmation side of the image display element. An image display device comprising an anti-glare film and an image display element of claim 10, wherein the anti-glare film is disposed on a visual confirmation side of the image display element.