TWI411528B - 具有脆而不結塊之表層的彈性膜 - Google Patents
具有脆而不結塊之表層的彈性膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI411528B TWI411528B TW95116982A TW95116982A TWI411528B TW I411528 B TWI411528 B TW I411528B TW 95116982 A TW95116982 A TW 95116982A TW 95116982 A TW95116982 A TW 95116982A TW I411528 B TWI411528 B TW I411528B
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- Prior art keywords
- film
- polymer
- multilayer film
- bonding
- film layer
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
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Description
本發明係關於不結塊多層彈性膜及關於製造不結塊多層彈性膜之方法。
彈性材料早已因其可配合較大物件或其周圍伸展,然後回縮以提供該物件周圍適切合身的能力而受到重視。此性質已受重視達數世紀,而且許多歐洲早期研究係在探究橡膠樹的乳膠。
近幾年,合成聚合物彈性材料具有補充或替代天然橡膠。如聚胺基甲酸酯橡膠、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、乙烯丙烯橡膠及其他合成聚合物彈性體等化合物在技術中係為人所熟知的。
彈性材料可具有多種形狀。彈性體可被形成線、繩、帶、膜、織物及其他不同形式。該彈性材料之形狀及結構係由產物預定最終用途所操控。例如,經常將彈性體用於服裝上以提供適切合身,如在運動服中。亦可將彈性體形成有彈力但有效的障壁,如在希望保有體熱之保暖衣的護套中。在這些應用中,該彈性體最常以線或絲的形式掺入服裝織物中。
一種服裝類型之實例係衛生用品如尿布,在此類型之服裝中合身及障壁性質係重要的。彈性材料係用於腰、褲腳口周圍及固定物(供尿布用)或側邊(供內褲型服裝用)。這些區域之彈性材料改善服裝整體合身度並使其更容易穿上及脫掉該服裝。彈性材料亦可用作彈力障壁以改善該服裝之圍阻能力,同時仍容許穿著者舒服自由地活動。
在衛生用品中,該彈性體可呈線、織物或膜的形式。利用彈性線可能產生合併服裝方面的問題,因為該等線必須以多種組分中之一者的形式用於製造方法中。這些線亦可能是纖弱而且其容易斷裂,即若有多餘線存在,其可能導致彈性失效。彈性織物在製造方法中係稍較容易操作,但織物本身在原料及製造織物本身的成本上係傾向昂貴的。製造上,彈性膜係比線容易使用並比彈性織物的製造便宜。彈性膜亦傾向比線或織物堅固且使用上較不可能失效。
但是,彈性膜的缺點係用於製造該等膜之聚合物先天上係黏的或發黏的。當彈性膜被擠壓並纏繞成一捲狀物時,該膜將易自黏或”結塊“,因此變得不易或無法解開。當該膜老化或儲存在溫暖環境中,如在儲存倉庫內時,結塊變得更明顯。
曾以多種方式處理彈性體結塊的問題。可將通常為粉狀無機物質如矽石或滑石之抗結塊劑掺入該膜內。亦可在形成該膜時,將抗結塊劑灑在已擠壓膜外表面上。但是,必須加入大量抗結塊劑方可將結塊降低至一可接受的程度,而且這些高抗結塊程度係不利於該膜之彈性特性。另一種降低結塊的方式係粗糙化該膜表面,如藉由壓花該膜的方式進行,其可降低捲起軋膜之表面與表面間的接觸並導入微小氣袋以幫助降低結塊。不幸地,此亦易使該膜產生較薄、較弱的區域,然後使該膜在被拉伸時遭到撕裂及破壞。另一種降低結塊的方式係將物理障壁,如釋放襯墊掺入已纏繞膜層間之捲狀物中。然後在解開該捲膜以進行進一步加工時移開該釋放襯墊。雖然對製造商而言造成廢棄物及大量額外費用,但該釋放襯墊通常係被丟棄的。另一種降低彈性膜結塊的方式係藉共擠壓可拉伸或彈性較低之不結塊聚合物之極薄外層(亦稱為”表層“或”覆蓋層“)於該彈性膜表面上。適合這些表層之不結塊聚合物包括聚烯烴如聚乙烯或聚丙烯。此類聚烯烴表層係可拉伸,但非彈性材料。整體而言,其對該膜之彈性特性有些微作用,因為其只構成該膜整個組成物中之一小部分。但是,當初次拉伸或”活化“整個彈性膜時,這些聚烯烴表層將拉伸,變成不可逆地變形。釋放已活化彈性膜上之拉伸力時,如通常可能般,該彈性核心將回縮。無彈性之已拉伸表層卻將在該核心回縮時皺起並產生一微紋理表面。
對有效製造一可被捲起軋及儲存而不會結塊之彈性膜仍有需求。此一膜應不具劣質彈性特性、應不產生過多廢棄物及製造費用且在活性化後應存在一優美的表面紋理。
在一具體實施例中,本發明係關於一種不結塊多層膜。該不結塊多層膜包含第一脆聚合物膜層及第二彈性聚合物膜層,其中該第一聚合物層係接合至該第二聚合物膜層第一表面。該不結塊多層膜係可活化的以破壞該第一脆聚合物層並賦予該多層膜彈性。
在另一具體實施例中,本發明係關於一種不結塊多層彈性膜。該不結塊多層彈性膜包含第一脆聚合物膜層及第二彈性聚合物膜層,其中該第一聚合物層係接合至該第二聚合物膜層第一表面。活化該多層膜以破壞該第一脆聚合物膜層並賦予該多層膜彈性。
在另一具體實施例中,本發明係關於一種形成一不結塊多層彈性膜之方法。該方法包括將第一脆聚合物膜層接合至第二彈性聚合物膜層第一表面上以形成一多層膜。然後,活化該多層膜以破壞該第一脆聚合物膜層並賦予該多層膜彈性。
在另一具體實施例中,本發明係關於一種形成一不結塊多層彈性膜之方法。該方法包括提供一不結塊多層膜層,其包含第一脆聚合物膜層接合至第二彈性聚合物膜層第一表面。然後,活化該不結塊多層膜以破壞該脆聚合物膜層並賦予該不結塊多層膜彈性。
鑑於下列本發明細節描述,本發明之其他具體實施例將是顯而易見的。
本發明者已發現利用一脆不結塊聚合物取代一可伸長聚合物表層作為一接合至彈性膜層表面之層可大幅降低或消除彈性膜之結塊。一或多種脆聚合物膜層之使用消除對可伸長聚烯烴表層之需求且該膜表面上無產生任何微紋理。意外地,這些多層膜可容易地藉由已知方式活化,該方式破壞該脆聚合物膜層並賦予該多層膜彈性。亦意外地,可將一或多層脆聚合物膜層用作該彈性膜上之層而無明顯降低該不結塊多層彈性膜之彈性特性。亦意外地,不論該脆聚合物膜層係未受破壞或已受破壞的,其皆可改善該不結塊多層彈性膜之撕裂強度。可在該不結塊多層彈性膜被活化之前或之後,將其纏繞成一捲狀物並儲存在正常適溫下較長的時間而無明顯結塊。
為達本揭示內容之目的,定義下列用語:*”膜“係指呈薄片狀形式之材料,其中該材料在x(長度)及y(寬度)方向之尺寸實質上係大於z(厚度)方向之尺寸。膜的z-方向厚度係在約1微米至約1毫米範圍內。
*作為名詞之“壓層板”係指薄板狀材料堆疊及接合之分層結構,因此該等層實質上係橫越最窄材料板之寬度共伸長。該等層可包含膜、織物或其他呈薄板形式之材料或其組合物。例如,壓層板可為一結構物,其包含橫越寬度接合在一起之膜層及織物層,因此該等兩層在正常使用下如單薄板般保持接合。壓層板亦可稱為複合板或塗布材料。作為動詞之“壓層”係指形成此一分層結構物之方法。
*“共擠壓”係指一種製造多層聚合物膜之方法。當多層聚合物膜係由共擠壓方法製得,各包含一膜層之聚合物或聚合物摻合物自己熔化。該熔融聚合物可在擠壓模具內分層並實質上同時由模具擠出該等熔融聚合物膜層。在已共擠壓之聚合物膜中,各個膜層係接合在一起,但實質上仍未混合且在該膜內如多層般分開。此係與已摻合多組分膜成對比,其中混合該聚合物組分以製造一以單層形式擠壓之聚合物之實質均相摻合物或非均相混合物。
*“擠壓壓層”或”擠壓塗布“係指將熔融聚合物膜擠壓在固體基板上以利用該聚合膜塗布該基板並將該基板及膜接合在一起。
*“可拉伸”及”可復原“係用於描述一材料之彈性特性的描述性用語。“可拉伸”意謂可以拉力將該材料拉伸至一明顯大於其原始尺寸而無斷裂之特定尺寸。例如,可將在拉力下可伸長至約13公分長而無斷裂之10公分米長的材料描述為可拉伸的。”可復原“意謂以拉力伸長至一明顯大於其原始尺寸而無斷裂之特定尺寸的材料將在免除拉力時回到其原始尺寸或足夠接近該原始尺寸之特定尺寸。例如,可將在拉力下伸長至約13公分長而無斷裂並回到約10公分長或一足夠接近10公分之特定尺寸之10公分長的材料描述為可復原的。
*“彈性”或”彈性體“係指可沿所施拉伸力方向拉伸至其原始尺寸之至少約150%,然後復原至不超過其原始尺寸之120%。例如,10公分長之彈性膜在位伸力下應拉伸至至少約15公分,然後在移開該拉伸力時回縮至不超過約12公分。彈性材料係可拉伸且可復原的。
*“可拉伸”係指可被拉伸至其原始尺寸之至少約130%而無斷裂,但其無顯著復原或復原至大於其原始尺寸之約120%,因此不具如上所定義之彈性的聚合物材料。例如,10公分長之可伸長膜在拉伸力下應拉伸至至少約13公分,然後在移開拉伸力時,保持約13公分長或復原至超過約12公分之長度。可伸長材料係可拉伸的,但不可復原的。
*“脆”係指對拉伸具高度抗性且無法拉伸超過其原始尺寸之約110%而不斷裂或破裂之聚合物材料。例如,10公分米長之脆膜無法在位伸力下拉伸至超過約11公分而不斷裂。當移開拉伸力時,脆膜無法復原或只最低限度地復原。脆材料係不可拉伸也不可復原的。
*“結塊”係指因一或多種該膜組分之固有黏性或發黏性而使該膜在捲起軋、摺疊或另外置於面對面緊密接觸時自黏的現象。結塊可以ASTM D3354”藉由平行版方法測量塑膠膜之結塊量“量化之。
*“不結塊”係指置於本身緊密接觸時不結塊之材料。
*“一或多個表層”係指聚合物膜另一中央核心之一或兩側上的聚合物膜薄外層。例如,在ABA膜結構的情況下,A層應為表層。
*“一或多個核心層”係指聚合物膜之一或多個內層,其中該等內層不是表層。例如,在ABA膜結構中,B層係核心。在ABCBA膜結構中,B及C層皆為核心層。
*“活性化”或”活化“係指一種使彈性膜或材料容易拉伸之方法。活性化最常係一種彈性膜之物理處理、改質或變形。初次拉伸一膜係一種活化該膜之方式。已進行活性化之彈性材料係稱為”已活化“。活性化之常見實例係吹氣球。初次將氣球充氣(或”活化“),氣球中之材料係被拉伸。若氣球不易吹脹,將氣球充氣者經常用手拉伸該未經充氣之氣球而使充氣變得較容易。若使已充氣氣球洩氣,然後再吹脹之,則該”已活化“氣球係更容易充氣的。
*“膜強度”或”機械強度“係如ASTM D-822”薄塑膠板之伸張特性“所量得一膜之抗張特性。除非另外註明,”膜強度“或”機械強度“特別係指斷裂時之伸張性及斷裂時之拉伸%。
*“撕裂強度”係一膜特性,其決定可從切入該膜之缺口或孔洞開始撕裂該膜之容易性或困難度。本發明該等膜及方法之第一聚合物膜層或”表層“中所用之脆聚合物可包含任何技術中已知可形成膜之常見可擠壓、脆聚合物,如聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、其他丙烯酸酯聚合物、聚酯、聚碳酸酯等。不希望受理論所限制,發明者相信具有高度結晶性之聚合物對呈現所需脆度係必要的。一特佳脆聚合物係高晶質聚苯乙烯。例如,尤其適合的聚苯乙烯樹脂可由密西根州Midland之Dow化學公司或亞伯達省Calgary之NOVA化學公司獲得。
另一層脆聚合物膜可被用作本發明該等膜及方法之第二表層。若本發明膜核心中彈性聚合物膜層上具有兩個脆聚合物膜表層,該等表層可包含含有脆聚合物之相同組成(如ABA膜)或不同組成(如ABC膜)。對於含有單一表層或兩個表層之不結塊多層彈性膜,該不結塊多層彈性膜之表層各應佔該多層膜總重量之約0.5%至20%,因此該等核心層應佔該多層膜總重量之約60%至99%。
本發明該等膜及方法之第二聚合物膜層中所用彈性聚合物可包含任何可擠壓彈性聚合物。此類彈性聚合物之實例包括乙烯基伸芳基與共軛二烯單體之嵌段共聚物、天然橡膠、聚胺基甲酸酯橡膠、聚酯橡膠、彈性聚烯烴及聚烯烴摻合物、彈性聚醯胺或類似物。該彈性膜亦可包含上述類型之兩或多種彈性聚合物之摻合物。較佳彈性聚合物係乙烯基伸芳基與共軛二烯單體之嵌段共聚物,如AB、ABA、ABC或ABCA嵌段共聚物,其中A段包含伸芳基如聚苯乙烯,B及C段包含二烯如丁二烯、異戊二烯或乙烯丁二烯。適合的嵌段共聚物係可容易地由德州Houston之KRATON聚合物或路易斯安納州Planquemine之Dexco聚合物LP獲得。
本發明不結塊多層彈性膜可包含其他組分以修改該膜特性,有助於該膜之加工或修改該膜外觀。這些額外組分對所存在各層而言可為相同或可不同。例如,如聚苯乙烯均聚物或耐衝擊聚苯乙烯之聚合物可與該膜核心層之彈性聚合物摻合以硬化該膜並改善強度特性。可加入減黏劑聚合物及塑化劑以作為加工助劑。可加入其他添加劑如顏料、染料、抗氧化劑、抗靜電劑、助滑劑、發泡劑、熱及/或光安定劑及無機及/或有機填料。各添加劑可存在於該多層膜之一層、超過一層或所有該等層中。
圖1顯示數種本發明不結塊多層彈性膜之可能具體實施例。在圖1之各子圖中:10代表A層,其可為脆聚合物膜層;20代表B層,其可為彈性聚合物膜層;且30代表C層,其可為脆聚合物膜層(其為表層時)或彈性聚合物膜層(其為表層或核心層時)。因此,圖1-a代表AB膜結構,圖1-b代表ABA膜結構,圖1-c代表ABC膜結構且圖1-d代表ABCBA膜結構。膜層之其他具體實施例及組合將在本發明範疇內為熟諳此技者所了解。
任何成膜方法可製備本發明不結塊多層彈性膜。在一特定具體實施例中,利用共擠壓方法,如澆鑄共擠壓或吹膜共擠壓形成該不結塊多層彈性膜。以澆鑄或吹製方法共擠壓多層膜係為人所熟知的。
圖2說明一典型澆鑄共擠壓膜方法之示意圖。在此實例中,該膜可為AB、ABA、ABC、ABCBA或其他此含有兩或多種不同聚合物組成物之多層膜。一種彈性聚合物組成物係在慣用螺桿擠壓器10中熔化。利用擠壓器12熔化另一種聚合物組成物。特別係需要三或多種聚合物組成物時,可增加額外擠壓器14等。然後將該熔融聚合物組成物由該等擠壓器移至進料區16,而將用於共擠壓之各個組成物對準導入多層膜。然後由擠壓模具18將熔融聚合物擠成網狀物20。將熔融聚合物網20澆鑄在冷卻輥30,該網狀物於該冷卻輥快速冷卻而形成膜22。該冷卻輥30可為一製造平滑膜之平滑輥或在該膜表面上壓圖案之壓花輥。一選用背輥32可幫助冷卻輥30形成該膜22。然後使該膜22通過選用設備如空轉輥34及36以幫助該膜由澆鑄擠壓段移至捲取機40並於該處纏繞及儲存之以等待進一步加工。
在另一具體實施例中,利用一擠壓塗布方法形成該不結塊多層彈性膜。此種擠壓塗布方法係為人所熟知的。圖3說明一典型擠壓塗布方法。使聚合物膜層15熔化擠過一成膜模具18並掉落在已圖示金屬輥30與橡膠輥32間之夾口中。可使該金屬輥變冷以快速冷卻該熔融聚合物膜。若希望所得膜上具有一壓花圖案,亦可在金屬輥30刻上此一圖案。由捲狀物11解開該不結塊多層膜之其他聚合物膜層13並將其導入該金屬輥與橡膠輥間之夾口中。注意到該已擠壓膜層15可為脆聚合物膜層或本發明彈性聚合物膜層;相反地,其他聚合物膜層13將為本發明其他聚合物膜層。在夾口將已擠壓膜層15及其他膜層13壓在一起以接合該等層。現在可將該不結塊多層膜22纏繞成一捲狀物或持續進行進一步加工。
形成本發明不結塊多層彈性膜之方法之另一具體實施例係圖4所圖示之黏接壓層。由成膜模具18熔化擠壓一聚合物膜層15並使其掉落在已圖示金屬輥30與橡膠輥32間之夾口中。可使該金屬輥30變冷以快速冷卻該熔融聚合物膜。若希望所得膜上具有一壓花圖案,亦可在金屬輥刻上此一圖案。在該已擠壓膜層冷卻及固化後,令其通過一黏接站並於該處藉由如噴霧單元35之裝置將黏著劑施加在該膜上。或者,該噴霧單元35可將黏著劑噴在該進來的聚合物膜層13上。將捲狀物11之不結塊多層膜之其他聚合物膜層13導入一夾口37中,於該處壓榨該已擠壓膜層15及其他膜層13以接合該等層。注意到該已擠壓膜層15可為脆聚合物膜層或本發明彈性聚合物膜層;相反地,其他聚合物膜層13將為本發明其他聚合物膜層。現在可將該不結塊多層膜22纏繞成一捲狀物或持續進行進一步加工。
可使用其他已知接合方法以接合本發明不結塊多層膜之聚合物膜層。此類方法包括熱接合、超音波接合、砑光接合、點接合及雷射接合。接合方法之組合亦在本發明範疇內。
為了賦予本發明不結塊多層膜彈性,必須活化該膜。該不結塊多層膜上之脆聚合物膜層必須破碎、斷裂或破裂,因此表層變得不連續且核心層中之彈性體可在該表層已破裂部分下拉伸。本發明膜可以許多方式活化。例如,該膜可經使表層破碎的方式拉伸、摺疊、刻記、皺化、壓花、以圖案化輥砑光或者變形。拉伸該膜之較佳方法係藉由已知拉伸技術,如縱向定位(MDO)、拉幅或增量拉伸的方式進行。活化該膜之特佳方法係如美國專利第4,144,008號中所描述般藉由在交叉輥間增量拉伸該膜的方式進行。增量拉伸具有下列優點:該表層只優先沿交叉方向(CD)破碎,以使該膜可只沿CD方向拉伸或只沿縱向方向(MD)拉伸,以使該膜可只沿MD方向拉伸。亦可沿CD及MD活化該膜以使該材料可沿該兩方向拉伸。
已意外地發現該彈性聚合物膜層上之脆聚合物膜層將防止該不結塊多層彈性膜在經纏繞及在正常儲存溫度下儲存一段時間時結塊。不論該不結塊多層彈性膜是否以已活化或未經活化狀態儲存,此皆為真。應了解可增加額外加工步驟如將該不結塊多層彈性膜穿孔、印刷該膜、分割該膜、壓層額外層至該膜上及其他此類方法且係在本發明範疇內。
本發明膜可藉已知壓層技術壓層至一基板層上。該基板層可為任何可伸長之薄板狀材料,如另一聚合物膜、織物或紙張。在一非限定具體實施例中,該基板層係一非編織網。適合的非編織網實例包括紡黏、梳棉、熔噴及噴網非編織網。這些網狀物可包含聚烯烴如聚丙烯或聚乙烯、聚酯、聚醯胺、聚胺基甲酸酯、彈性體、螺縈、纖維素、其共聚物、其摻合物或其混合物之纖維。紙製品,如包含纖維素基質或纖維素纖維形成一墊之組織或組織狀製品係被視為落在本發明範疇內之非編織纖維網或非編織材料。該非編織網亦可包含屬均相結構之纖維或包含如鞘/核心、邊對邊、海中小島及其他已知雙組分組態之雙組分結構。對於非編織物之詳細描述,參見E.A.Vaughn所著”非編織物底漆及相關採樣器“,非編織物工業協會,第3版(1992)。此類非編織物網的重量一般為每平方米約5克(gsm)至75gsm。為達本發明目的,該非編織物可非常輕,具有約5至20gsm之基重或任何其他適合防止捲狀物在壓層至所需彈性膜時結塊之基重。但是,可能希望基重為約20至75gsm之較重非編織物以於所得壓層板或最終使用產品中獲得特定特性,如舒適的布狀紋理。
其他類型之基板層,如編織物、針織物、稀洋紗、網狀物等亦在本發明範疇內。這些材料確實可用作防止該彈性膜層捲結塊之保護層。但是,因為成本、可利用性及加工容易性,對本發明方法之壓層板而言,通常較佳係非編織物。
本發明膜可藉已知壓層方法壓層至該基板層上。這些壓層方式包括擠壓壓層、黏接壓層、熱接合、超音波接合、砑光接合、點接合及雷射接合及其他此類方法。這些接合方法之組合亦在本發明範疇內。如上述般,亦可將本發明不結塊多層彈性膜壓層至兩或多個此類基板層上。
可在該方法過程中任何點將本發明不結塊多層彈性膜壓層至一或多個基板層上。特別係可在活化該膜之前或之後,將該膜壓層至基板層上。至於大部分非彈性基板層,希望在活性化前完成壓層,然後活化該壓層板。或者,可活化該不結塊多層彈性膜,將基板層壓層至該已活化不結塊多層彈性膜,然後第二次活化該壓層板以使該壓層板所有層皆容易拉伸。若將已活化膜壓層至一非彈性基板且不希望進行後壓層活性化,則可令該非彈性基板經頸縮、弄縐、捲曲、摺疊、聚集或另外處理以使該壓層板之膜組分拉伸而不會撕裂或損害第二基板。
呈現下列實例以說明本發明不同方面。這些實例不希望以任何方式限制本發明。
藉由澆鑄擠壓方法形成一彈性膜。該膜包含一多層ABA構造,其中A層係在表面上,且B層係在核心中。A層包含晶質聚苯乙烯(NOVA Chemicals之NOVA3900)。B層包含苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)嵌段共聚物(DexcoT M
Polymers LP之VectorT M
7400)。將A及B層共擠壓成一膜,其中A層係各約20微米厚且B層係約80微米厚。纏繞此膜而無進一步加工之。圖5顯示實例1之膜的剖面SEM顯微照片。在此顯微照片中可見到A(脆聚合物膜)層10。
實例1之彈性膜係藉由CD及MD兩方向之增量拉伸的方式活化。所使用之CD及MD增量拉伸方法係描述於美國專利第5,865,926號中。該已活化膜係可容易地以手沿CD及MD兩方向拉伸。圖6說明實例2之已增量拉伸膜的SEM顯微照片。在圖6中可清楚見到該彈性膜層20上聚苯乙烯表層10之表面裂痕12。此與圖5所見之平滑表面成鮮明對比。當然,圖6之膜中表面裂痕有鮮明界線且在該等裂痕12間之空隙可見到彈性體20之核心層。
藉由澆鑄擠壓方法形成一彈性膜。該膜包含一多層ABA構造,其中A層係在表面上,且B層係在核心中。A層包含約80%LLDPE(Dow化學公司之Attane4202)及約20%LDPE(Dow化學公司之DowLDPE 640)。B層包含約58%苯乙烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯(SIS)嵌段共聚物(Dexco Polymers LP之VectorT M
4111)、19%苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)嵌段共聚物(Dexco Polymers LP之VectorT M
8508)、19%LDPE(Dow化學公司之AffinityEG 8200)及4%白色母料濃縮液(Ampacet公司之Ampacet7188763)。將A及B層共擠壓成一膜,其中A層係約4微米厚且B層係約65微米厚。形成後,纏繞此膜而不再加工之。
一部分對照實例1之膜係藉由沿CD方向拉伸該膜的方式活化。然後,該已活化膜可容易地以手沿CD方向拉伸。圖7說明對照實例1之未經活化及已活化膜的SEM顯微照片。在此例中,未經活化膜表層10具有平滑表面,但已活化膜表層10清楚顯示該可伸長聚乙烯表層的皺褶及微紋理14。雖然該表層有紋理,但其仍連續遍布該膜表面。此膜外觀係與實例2之已活化膜極不相同,其中在圖6中可清楚見到該彈性膜上聚苯乙烯表層之表面裂痕。注意在這兩個膜中皆可見到白色母料著色劑之顆粒。
藉由澆鑄擠壓方法形成一彈性膜。該膜包含一多層ABA構造,其中A層係在表面上,且B層係在核心中。A層包含約60%SIS嵌段共聚物(DexcoT M
Polymers LP之VectorT M
4211A)及約40%在各A層中造成約8%之最終抗結塊濃度之抗結塊母料(Polytechs SAS之AB MB 6017-PS,包含約20%存在於聚苯乙烯載體樹脂中之合成矽石抗結塊劑)。B層包含約46%SIS嵌段共聚物(DexcoT M
Polymers LP之VectorT M
4211A)、21%SBS嵌段共聚物(DexcoT M
Polymers LP之VectorT M
7400)、30%在各B層中造成約6%之最終抗結塊濃度之抗結塊母料(Polytechs SAS之AB MB 6017-PS,包含約20%存在於聚苯乙烯載體樹脂中之合成矽石抗結塊劑)及3%白色母料濃縮液(Schulman公司之Schulman8500)。將A及B層共擠壓成一膜,其中A層各係約4微米厚且B層係約65微米厚。纏繞此膜而無進一步加工之。
一部分對照實例2之膜係藉由沿CD方向拉伸該膜的方式活化。然後,該已活化膜可容易地以手沿CD方向拉伸。該已活化膜可容易地以手沿CD及MD方向拉伸。圖8說明對照實例2之未經活化及已活化膜的SEM顯微照片。請注意表層10中所示之破裂16係發生在擠壓方法過程中。除了此破裂外,未經活化及已活化膜還是具有平滑表面,無任何實例2之裂痕或對照實例1之微紋理的記號。而且,請注意在兩顯微照片中皆可見到抗結塊劑的顆粒。
10...A層
20...B層
30...C層
10...螺桿擠壓器
11...捲狀物
12...擠壓器
13...聚合物膜層
14...擠壓器
15...聚合物膜層
16...進料區
18...成膜模具
20...聚合物網
22...不結塊多層膜
30...冷卻輥(圖2);金屬輥(圖3,4)
32...背輥(圖2);橡膠輥(圖3,4)
34...空轉輥
35...噴霧單元
36...空轉輥
37...夾口
40...捲取機
10...A(脆聚合物膜)層
10...聚苯乙烯表層
12...表面裂痕
20...彈性體
10...未經活化膜表層
14...皺褶及微紋理
10...表層
16...破裂
鑑於下列圖式將可更充分了解本發明,其中:圖1說明數種本發明多層彈性膜之可能結構;圖2係一典型澆鑄擠壓方法之示意圖;圖3說明本發明未經活化膜之顯微照片;圖4說明本發明已活化膜之顯微照片;圖5說明具有可伸長聚烯烴表層之對照未經活化及已活化膜的顯微照片;圖6說明含有抗結塊劑之對照未經活化及已活化膜的顯微照片;圖7說明對照實例1之未經活化及已活化膜的SEM顯微照片;及圖8說明對照實例2之未經活化及已活化膜的SEM顯微照片。
10...A層
20...B層
30...C層
Claims (71)
- 一種不結塊多層膜,其包含第一脆聚合物膜層(其於被拉伸至超過其原始尺寸之110%時會斷裂或破裂)及第二彈性聚合物膜層,其中該脆聚合物為選自下列各者組成之群:聚苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯聚合物、聚碳酸酯及其組合物,且該第一聚合物層係接合至該第二聚合物膜層第一表面,且其中該多層膜係可活化以破壞該第一脆聚合物膜層並賦予該多層膜彈性,該多層膜經活化而被賦予彈性後,係具有以下性質:其可沿所施拉伸力方向拉伸至其原始尺寸之至少約150%,然後復原至不超過其原始尺寸之120%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之不結塊多層膜,其中該第一聚合物膜層與該第二聚合物膜層係藉由共擠壓方式接合。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之不結塊多層膜層,其中該第一聚合物膜層與該第二聚合物膜層係藉由擠壓塗布方式接合。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之不結塊多層膜,其中該第一聚合物膜層係被擠壓塗布在該第二聚合物膜層上。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之不結塊多層膜,其中該第二聚合物膜層係被擠壓塗布在該第一聚合物膜層上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之不結塊多層膜,其中該第 一聚合物膜層與該第二聚合物膜層係藉由一選自下列各者組成之群之方法接合:黏接、熱接合、超音波接合、砑光接合、點接合及其組合方法。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之不結塊多層膜,其中該多層膜係另外經活化以破壞該第一聚合物膜層並賦予該多層膜彈性。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之不結塊多層膜,其中該多層膜係藉由拉伸方式活化。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之不結塊多層膜,其中該多層膜係藉由一選自下列各者組成之群之方法拉伸:增量拉伸、縱向定位、拉幅及其組合方法。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之不結塊多層膜,其中該第二聚合物膜層包含一選自下列各者組成之群之彈性聚合物:乙烯基伸芳基與共軛二烯單體之嵌段共聚物、天然橡膠、聚胺基甲酸酯橡膠、聚酯橡膠、彈性聚烯烴、彈性聚醯胺及其摻合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之不結塊多層膜,其中該第二聚合物膜層包含一彈性聚合物與耐衝擊聚苯乙烯之摻合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之不結塊多層膜,其中該第二聚合物膜層包含一多層彈性膜層。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之不結塊多層膜,其另外包括一含有脆聚合物之第三聚合物膜層,其係被接合至該多層膜之第二聚合物膜層第二表面上。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之不結塊多層膜,其中該第三聚合物膜層與該多層膜係藉由一選自下列各者組成之群之方法接合:共擠壓、擠壓塗布、黏接、熱接合、超音波接合、砑光接合、點接合及其組合方法。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之不結塊多層膜,其中該多層膜另外被接合至一第三基板層。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項之不結塊多層膜,其中該第三基板層包含聚合物膜層、非編織物、紙製品、編織物、針織物、稀洋紗、網狀物及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項之不結塊多層膜,其中該第三基板層與該多層膜係藉由一選自下列各者組成之群之方法接合:共擠壓、擠壓塗布、黏接、熱接合、超音波接合、砑光接合、點接合及其組合方法。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項之不結塊多層膜,其中該多層膜另外被接合至多個基板層,其中該等多個基板層係包含一或多個選自下列各者組成之群之基板:聚合物膜層、非編織物、紙製品、編織物、針織物、稀洋紗、網狀物及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之不結塊多層膜,其中該不結塊多層膜另外被經穿孔。
- 一種不結塊多層彈性膜,其包含第一脆聚合物膜層(其於被拉伸至超過其原始尺寸之110%時會斷裂或破裂)及第二彈性聚合物膜層,其中該脆聚合物為選自下列各者組成之群:聚苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯聚合物、聚碳酸酯及 其組合物,且該第一聚合物層係接合至該第二聚合物膜層第一表面,且其中該多層膜被活化以破壞該第一脆聚合物膜層並賦予該多層膜彈性,該多層膜經活化而被賦予彈性後,係具有以下性質:其可沿所施拉伸力方向拉伸至其原始尺寸之至少約150%,然後復原至不超過其原始尺寸之120%。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項之不結塊彈性多層膜,其中該第一聚合物膜層與該第二聚合物膜層係藉由共擠壓方式接合。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項之不結塊彈性多層膜,其中該第一聚合物膜層與該第二聚合物膜層係藉由擠壓塗布方式接合。
- 如申請專利範圍第22項之不結塊彈性多層膜,其中該第一聚合物膜層係被擠壓塗布在該第二聚合物膜層上。
- 如申請專利範圍第22項之不結塊彈性多層膜,其中該第二聚合物膜層係被擠壓塗布在該第一聚合物膜層上。
- 如申請專利範圍第22項之不結塊彈性多層膜,其中該第一聚合物膜層與該第二聚合物膜層係藉由一選自下列各者組成之群之方法接合:黏接、熱接合、超音波接合、砑光接合、點接合及其組合方法。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項之不結塊彈性多層膜,其中該多層膜係藉由拉伸方式活化。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項之不結塊彈性多層膜,其中該多層膜係藉由一選自下列各者組成之群之方法拉伸:增量拉伸、縱向定位、拉幅及其組合方法。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項之不結塊彈性多層膜,其中該第二聚合物膜層包含一選自下列各者組成之群之彈性聚合物:乙烯基伸芳基與共軛二烯單體之嵌段共聚物、天然橡膠、聚胺基甲酸酯橡膠、聚酯橡膠、彈性聚烯烴、彈性聚醯胺及其摻合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第28項之不結塊彈性多層膜,其中該第二聚合物膜層包含一彈性聚合物與耐衝擊聚苯乙烯之摻合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項之不結塊彈性多層膜,其中該第二聚合物膜層包含一多層彈性膜。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項之不結塊彈性多層膜,其另外包括一含有脆聚合物之第三聚合物膜層,其係被接合至該多層膜之第二聚合物膜第二表面上。
- 如申請專利範圍第31項之不結塊彈性多層膜,其中該第三聚合物膜層與該多層膜係藉由一選自下列各者組成之群之方法接合:共擠壓、擠壓塗布、黏接、熱接合、超音波接合、砑光接合、點接合及其組合方法。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項之不結塊彈性多層膜,其中該多層膜另外被接合至一第三基板層。
- 如申請專利範圍第33項之不結塊彈性多層膜,其中該第三基板層包含聚合物膜層、非編織物、紙製品、編 織物、針織物、稀洋紗、網狀物及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第33項之不結塊彈性多層彈性膜,其中該第三基板層與該多層膜係藉由一選自下列各者組成之群之方法接合:共擠壓、擠壓塗布、黏接、熱接合、超音波接合、砑光接合、點接合及其組合方法。
- 如申請專利範圍第33項之不結塊彈性多層膜,其中該多層膜另外被接合至多個基板層,其中該等多個基板層係包含一或多個選自下列各者組成之群之基板:聚合物膜層、非編織物、紙製品、編織物、針織物、稀洋紗、網狀物及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項之不結塊彈性多層膜,其中該不結塊彈性多層膜另外被經穿孔。
- 一種形成不結塊多層彈性膜之方法,其包括:a)將一含有脆聚合物之第一聚合物膜層(其於被拉伸至超過其原始尺寸之110%時會斷裂或破裂)接合至一含有彈性聚合物之第二聚合物膜層第一表面上,形成一多層膜;其中該脆聚合物為選自下列各者組成之群:聚苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯聚合物、聚碳酸酯及其組合物;並b)活化該多層膜以破壞該第一聚合物膜層並賦予該多層膜彈性,該多層膜經活化而被賦予彈性後,係具有以下性質:其可沿所施拉伸力方向拉伸至其原始尺寸之至少約150%,然後復原至不超過其原始尺寸之120%。
- 如申請專利範圍第38項之方法,其中該第一聚合物膜層與該第二聚合物膜層係藉由共擠壓方式接合。
- 如申請專利範圍第38項之方法,其中該第一聚合物膜層與該第二聚合物膜層係藉由擠壓塗布方式接合。
- 如申請專利範圍第40項之方法,其中該第一聚合物膜層係被擠壓塗布在該第二聚合物膜層上。
- 如申請專利範圍第40項之方法,其中該第二聚合物膜層係被擠壓塗布在該第一聚合物膜層上。
- 如申請專利範圍第38項之方法,其中該第一聚合物膜層與該第二聚合物膜層係藉由一選自下列各者組成之群之方法接合:黏接、熱接合、超音波接合、砑光接合、點接合及其組合方法。
- 如申請專利範圍第38項之方法,其中該多層膜係藉由拉伸方式活化。
- 如申請專利範圍第44項之方法,其中該多層膜係藉由一選自下列各者組成之群之方法拉伸:增量拉伸、縱向定位、拉幅及其組合方法。
- 如申請專利範圍第38項之方法,其中該第二聚合物膜層包含一選自下列各者組成之群之彈性聚合物:乙烯基伸芳基與共軛二烯單體之嵌段共聚物、天然橡膠、聚胺基甲酸酯橡膠、聚酯橡膠、彈性聚烯烴、彈性聚醯胺及其摻合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第46項之方法,其中該第二聚合物膜層包含一彈性聚合物與耐衝擊聚苯乙烯之摻合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第38項之方法,其中該第二聚合物膜層包含一多層彈性膜。
- 如申請專利範圍第38項之方法,其另外包括將一含有脆聚合物之第三聚合物膜層接合至該第二聚合物膜第二表面上之多層膜。
- 如申請專利範圍第49項之方法,其中該第三聚合物膜層與該多層膜係藉由一選自下列各者組成之群之方法接合:共擠壓、擠壓塗布、黏接、熱接合、超音波接合、砑光接合、點接合及其組合方法。
- 如申請專利範圍第38項之方法,其另外包括將該多層膜接合至第三基板層。
- 如申請專利範圍第51項之方法,其中該第三基板層包含聚合物膜層、非編織物、紙製品、編織物、針織物、稀洋紗、網狀物及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第51項之方法,其中該第三基板層與該多層膜係藉由一選自下列各者組成之群之方法接合:共擠壓、擠壓塗布、黏接、熱接合、超音波接合、砑光接合、點接合及其組合方法。
- 如申請專利範圍第51項之方法,其另外包括將該多層膜接合至多個基板層,其中該等多個基板層係包含一或多個選自下列各者組成之群之基板:聚合物膜層、非編織物、紙製品、編織物、針織物、稀洋紗、網狀物及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第38項之方法,其另外包括將該不結塊多層彈性膜穿孔。
- 一種形成不結塊多層彈性膜之方法,其包括: a)提供一不結塊多層膜層,其包含一含有脆聚合物之第一聚合物膜層(其於被拉伸至超過其原始尺寸之110%時會斷裂或破裂)接合至一含有彈性聚合物之第二聚合物膜層第一表面;其中該脆聚合物為選自下列各者組成之群:聚苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯聚合物、聚碳酸酯及其組合物;並b)活化該不結塊多層膜以破壞該脆聚合物膜層並賦予該不結塊多層膜彈性,該多層膜經活化而被賦予彈性後,係具有以下性質:其可沿所施拉伸力方向拉伸至其原始尺寸之至少約150%,然後復原至不超過其原始尺寸之120%。
- 如申請專利範圍第56項之方法,其中該第一聚合物膜與該第二聚合物膜係藉由一選自下列各者組成之群之方法接合:共擠壓、擠壓塗布、黏接、熱接合、超音波接合、砑光接合、點接合及其組合方法。
- 如申請專利範圍第56項之方法,其中該多層膜係藉由拉伸方式活化。
- 如申請專利範圍第58項之方法,其中該多層膜係藉由一選自下列各者組成之群之方法拉伸:增量拉伸、縱向定位、拉幅及其組合方法。
- 如申請專利範圍第56項之方法,其中該第二聚合物膜層包含一選自下列各者組成之群之彈性聚合物:乙烯基伸芳基與共軛二烯單體之嵌段共聚物、天然橡膠、聚胺基甲酸酯橡膠、聚酯橡膠、彈性聚烯烴、彈性聚醯胺及其 摻合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第60項之方法,其中該第二聚合物膜包含一彈性聚合物與耐衝擊聚苯乙烯之摻合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第56項之方法,其中該第二聚合物膜包含一多層彈性膜。
- 如申請專利範圍第56項之方法,其另外包括將一含有脆聚合物之第三聚合物膜接合至該第二聚合物膜第二表面上之多層膜。
- 如申請專利範圍第63項之方法,其中該第三聚合物膜與該多層膜係藉由一選自下列各者組成之群之方法接合:共擠壓、擠壓塗布、黏接、熱接合、超音波接合、砑光接合、點接合及其組合方法。
- 如申請專利範圍第56項之方法,其另外包括將該多層膜接合至第三基板層。
- 如申請專利範圍第65項之方法,其中該第三基板包含聚合物膜、非編織物、紙製品、編織物、針織物、稀洋紗、網狀物及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第65項之方法,其中該第三基板與該多層膜係藉由一選自下列各者組成之群之方法接合:共擠壓、擠壓塗布、黏接、熱接合、超音波接合、砑光接合、點接合及其組合方法。
- 如申請專利範圍第65項之方法,其另外包括將該多層膜接合至多個基板層,其中該等多個基板層係包含一或多個選自下列各者組成之群之基板:聚合物膜層、非編 織物、紙製品、編織物、針織物、稀洋紗、網狀物及其組合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第56項之方法,其另外包括將該不結塊多層彈性膜穿孔。
- 一種包含如申請專利範圍第1項之不結塊多層膜之物品,其係呈衣物組件、腰帶、足部護套、手腕護套、足踝護套、布條標籤、衛生裝置上之耳狀物、伸長板或繃帶形式。
- 一種包含如申請專利範圍第20項之不結塊彈性多層膜之物品,其係呈衣物組件、腰帶、足部護套、手腕護套、足踝護套、布條標籤、衛生裝置上之耳狀物、伸長板或繃帶形式。
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TW95116982A TWI411528B (zh) | 2005-05-12 | 2006-05-12 | 具有脆而不結塊之表層的彈性膜 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7879452B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1881891A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4916509B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101302727B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101175629B (zh) |
AR (1) | AR054451A1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2006247348B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0611043A2 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2007014151A (zh) |
MY (1) | MY150738A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2434753C2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI411528B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006124889A1 (zh) |
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EP2552690B1 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2019-01-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Textured film and process for manufacture thereof |
DK2720862T3 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2016-09-19 | Fiberweb Inc | Vapor permeable, water impervious TOTAL MAJOR MULTI-LAYER ARTICLE |
US10369769B2 (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2019-08-06 | Fiberweb, Inc. | Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article |
WO2012177996A2 (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2012-12-27 | Fiberweb, Inc. | Vapor permeable, substantially water impermeable multilayer article |
US9765459B2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2017-09-19 | Fiberweb, Llc | Vapor-permeable, substantially water-impermeable multilayer article |
CN105026138A (zh) | 2013-03-11 | 2015-11-04 | 宝洁公司 | 具有多层双重层合物的吸收制品 |
US9358759B2 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2016-06-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Multilayered elastic laminates with enhanced strength and elasticity and methods of making thereof |
US9802392B2 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2017-10-31 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Microtextured multilayered elastic laminates with enhanced strength and elasticity and methods of making thereof |
US10213990B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 | 2019-02-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Methods to make stretchable elastic laminates |
US9492332B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 | 2016-11-15 | Clopay Plastic Products Company, Inc. | Breathable and microporous thin thermoplastic film |
US10913234B2 (en) | 2014-08-29 | 2021-02-09 | Clopay Plastic Products Company, Inc. | Embossed matte and glossy plastic film and methods of making same |
JP2016097575A (ja) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-05-30 | 東レ株式会社 | 凸部または凹部を有するフィルム |
US10239295B2 (en) | 2015-01-09 | 2019-03-26 | Berry Film Products Company, Inc. | Elastomeric films having increased tear resistance |
CN108136743B (zh) * | 2015-08-27 | 2021-09-17 | 3M创新有限公司 | 拉伸材料、拉伸构件和衣物制品 |
US11472085B2 (en) | 2016-02-17 | 2022-10-18 | Berry Plastics Corporation | Gas-permeable barrier film and method of making the gas-permeable barrier film |
WO2019028188A1 (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2019-02-07 | Crites Austyn | EXTRUDED AND CO-EXTRUDED HIGH ALTITUDE BALLONS AND METHODS AND APPARATUSES OF MAKING |
CN107825793A (zh) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-03-23 | 中山市广升粘合材料有限公司 | 一种贴合式透气弹力胶膜 |
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2006
- 2006-05-12 TW TW95116982A patent/TWI411528B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-05-12 MX MX2007014151A patent/MX2007014151A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2006-05-12 US US11/433,253 patent/US7879452B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-05-12 KR KR1020077028973A patent/KR101302727B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-05-12 RU RU2007146144A patent/RU2434753C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-05-12 JP JP2008511476A patent/JP4916509B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-05-12 EP EP20060770430 patent/EP1881891A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-05-12 CN CN2006800160381A patent/CN101175629B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-05-12 AR ARP060101935 patent/AR054451A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2006-05-12 WO PCT/US2006/018903 patent/WO2006124889A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-05-12 AU AU2006247348A patent/AU2006247348B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-05-12 BR BRPI0611043-6A patent/BRPI0611043A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-05-15 MY MYPI20062224A patent/MY150738A/en unknown
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US20040247910A1 (en) * | 2003-06-03 | 2004-12-09 | Janssen Robert A. | Glove having improved donning characteristics |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20080015003A (ko) | 2008-02-15 |
MX2007014151A (es) | 2008-02-07 |
KR101302727B1 (ko) | 2013-09-03 |
WO2006124889A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
US20060257666A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
JP4916509B2 (ja) | 2012-04-11 |
RU2007146144A (ru) | 2009-06-20 |
CN101175629A (zh) | 2008-05-07 |
MY150738A (en) | 2014-02-28 |
RU2434753C2 (ru) | 2011-11-27 |
TW200706359A (en) | 2007-02-16 |
CN101175629B (zh) | 2012-02-15 |
US7879452B2 (en) | 2011-02-01 |
AR054451A1 (es) | 2007-06-27 |
EP1881891A1 (en) | 2008-01-30 |
AU2006247348A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
JP2008540192A (ja) | 2008-11-20 |
AU2006247348B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
BRPI0611043A2 (pt) | 2010-12-14 |
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