TWI479942B - Adaptive current regulation for solid state lighting - Google Patents

Description

Adaptive current regulation for solid state lighting [Reciprocal Reference of Related Applications]

This application is filed on May 12, 2010, the entire disclosure of which is assigned to the entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire content And the present application is filed on Dec. 16, 2009, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety in its entirety in its entirety, the entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire all In the continuation, U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/639,255, filed on Jan. 19, 2007, filed on Jan. 19, 2007, filed Jan. No. 11/655,558, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety in its entirety in its entirety, the entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire entire content The priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/760,157, entitled "Off-Line LED Driver with Phase Modulation", and its The formal application, all applications are hereby given together, the content of each application is hereby incorporated by reference, and has the same full effect as the entire disclosure herein, and for all common disclosures The subject matter of the claim.

The present invention is generally related to power conversion, and more particularly to a system, apparatus, and method for supplying electrical power to a solid state lighting device, such as for providing power to a light emitting diode ("LED").

A wide variety of off-line power supplies for providing power to LEDs are known. Many of these power supplies (ie, drivers) are actually integrated with existing lighting systems (eg, lighting systems typically used for incandescent or fluorescent lighting) (eg, substantially utilizing phase modulation) The "light" switch is used to change the underlying structure of the brightness or intensity of the light output from the incandescent bulb. Thus, incandescent lamps are faced with a challenge by the replacement of LEDs: the complete rewiring of the lighting infrastructure, which is expensive and unlikely, or the development of commercially available and already installed dimming A novel LED driver that is compatible with the switch. Moreover, since many incandescent or other types of lamps will likely remain in any particular lighting environment, it is highly desirable to enable LEDs and incandescent lamps to operate in parallel and under common control.

A conventional technical solution to this problem is found in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0168168 to Elliot, entitled "Dimmers for LEDs and Incandescent Lamps", in which incandescent lamps and LEDs are connected to a common lamp. A power bus, where the light output intensity is controlled using a composite waveform having two power components. This proposal is complex and requires too many components to implement, and is not specifically directed to AC (alternative) utility lighting.

Another prior art solution is described in U.S. Patent No. 6,781,351 to Mednik et al., entitled "AC/DC Cascade Power Converter with High DC Conversion Rate and Improved AC Line Harmonics", and Alex Mednik's "Exchange Mode Technology in Driving HB LEDs", a publication of the 2005 Luminous Diode Seminar. These references disclose an off-line LED driver with power factor correction. However, when coupled with a dimmer, its LED adjustment is poor, and it does not fully support the dimmer in the full range of output loads (specifically when incandescent and LED lights are used in parallel) ) Stable action.

1 is a circuit diagram of a prior art current regulator 50 coupled to a dimmer switch 75 that provides phase modulation. 2 is a circuit diagram of such a prior art (forward) dimmer switch 75. The time constant of resistor 76 (R1) and capacitor 77 (C1) controls the firing angle "α" of the triac 80 (depicted in Figure 3). The two-terminal AC switch (diac) 85 is used to maximize the symmetry between the arc angles of the positive and negative half cycles of the input AC line voltage (35). Capacitor 45 (C2) and inductor 40 (L1) form a low pass filter to assist in reducing the noise generated by dimmer switch 75. The three-terminal AC switch 80 is a switching element that is practically equivalent to a reverse parallel controlled rectifier (SCR) that shares a common gate. A single SCR is a gated semiconductor that behaves like a diode when turned on. A signal at the gate (70) is used to turn on the three-terminal AC switch 80, and the load current is used to maintain or maintain the three-terminal AC switch 80 conducting. Therefore, the gate signal cannot turn off an SCR, so the SCR will remain on until the load current becomes zero. A three-terminal AC switch 80 behaves like an SCR but is turned on in both directions. Three-terminal AC switches are known to have different conduction thresholds for positive and negative conduction. This difference is typically minimized by utilizing a two-terminal AC switch 85 coupled to the gate 70 of the three-terminal AC switch 80 to control the turn-on voltage of the three-terminal AC switch 80.

The three-terminal AC switch 80 also has minimal latching current and holding current. The latching current is the minimum current required to turn on the three-terminal AC switch 80 when a sufficient gate pulse is applied. The holding current is the minimum current required to maintain the three-terminal AC switch 80 in an on state once turned on. When the current drops below this holding current, the three-terminal AC switch 80 will be turned off. The blocking current is typically higher than the holding current. For dimmer switches that use a three-terminal AC switch (eg, capable of switching 3 to 8A), the holding current and blocking current are on the order of 10 mA to about 70 mA, which is also by way of example and not limitation.

The arc angle (α) of the three-terminal AC switch 80 controls the delay of the zero crossing from the AC line, and is theoretically limited to between 0° and 180°, where 0° is equal to full power and 180° is no. Power is delivered to the load, and an example phase-modulated output voltage is depicted in Figure 3 (as the same "truncated" sine wave). For example, a typical dimmer switch can have a minimum alpha value and a maximum alpha value of approximately 25° and 155°, respectively, which allows approximately 98% to operate directly from the AC mains (AC line voltage (35)). Up to 2% of the power flows to the load. Similarly, a reverse phase modulated dimmer will provide an output voltage across a resistive load as depicted in Figure 4, for example at the beginning of each cycle (eg, from 0° to 90°) Providing energy to the load, and no energy is transmitted in the latter part of each cycle (depicted as interval β).

Referring to FIG. 2, the arc angle α is determined by the RC time constant of the impedance of the capacitor 77 (C1), the resistor 76 (R1), and the load (for example, an incandescent bulb or an LED driver circuit (Z _LOAD 81)). . In a typical dimming application, Z _LOAD will be several orders of magnitude smaller than R1 and resistive, so it will not significantly affect the point arc angle. However, when the load and R1 are comparable, or the load is not resistive, the arc angle and characteristics of the dimmer switch may vary significantly.

Typical prior art techniques utilize an off-line AC/DC converter from the phase modulation of a dimmer switch to drive the LEDs with several problems associated with providing a high quality drive to the LED, such as: (1) from a dimmer switch The phase modulation may produce a low frequency (approximately 120 Hz) in the optical output, which is referred to as "flickering", which may be sensed by the human eye or cause the person to produce an oscillating light response; (2) the input voltage Filtering may require a fairly large value of the input capacitor, which adversely affects the size of the converter and its lifetime; (3) when the three-terminal AC switch 80 is turned on, a large inrush current due to the low impedance of the input filter It may occur that this may damage the components of the dimmer switch 75 and any of the LED drivers; and (4) the power management controller is typically not designed to operate in an environment with phase modulation of the input voltage and may therefore malfunction.

Thus, there is still a need for an LED driver circuit that can operate in concert with typical or standard forward or reverse phase modulated dimmer switches of existing lighting infrastructure and avoids the aforementioned problems while providing LED lighting environment and energy saving. benefit. Such LED driver circuits should be controllable by standard switches of existing lighting infrastructure to provide the same adjusted brightness, for example for production, flexibility, aesthetics, atmosphere and energy savings. An example LED driver circuit should not only operate independently, but also operate in parallel with other types of illumination, such as incandescent, compact fluorescent or other illumination, and can be used with the same switches used for such incandescent or other illumination. For example, a dimmer switch or other adaptive or programmable switch is used to control. An example LED driver circuit should also operate within the existing lighting infrastructure without rewiring or other modifications.

The exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide numerous advantages. Embodiments of these examples allow solid state lighting (eg, LEDs) to be utilized with currently existing lighting infrastructure (including spiral sockets) and can be controlled by any of a variety of switches, such as phase modulated dimmer switches. Otherwise, it will cause serious motion problems for the conventional switching power supply or current regulator. Embodiments of these examples further allow for complex control of the output brightness or intensity of such solid state lighting, and can be implemented with fewer and relatively lower cost components. Moreover, embodiments of the examples may be utilized in stand-alone solid state lighting systems or may be utilized in parallel with other types of existing lighting systems, such as incandescent lamps.

The exemplary embodiments of the present invention not only recognize and adapt to switches of various states (for example, phase-modulated dimmer switches), but further utilize a novel insight to simultaneously identify and adapt to various states of the switching power supply, such that phase adjustment The variable dimmer switch and the switched power supply operate together uninterruptedly and substantially stably. More specifically, the exemplary embodiments recognize and adapt to phase change dimmer switches of at least three states, that is, wherein the dimmer switch is not turned on, but a trigger capacitor during this period (C1) 77) a first state being charged; a second state in which the dimmer switch has been turned on and requiring a latch current; and a third state in which the dimmer switch is fully turned on and requires a hold current. At the same time, combining the states of the switches, the exemplary embodiments recognize and adapt to at least three states of an switched power supply, and in various different embodiments are four states, ie, the first state, the exchange The start-up state of the power supply during which it produces its power supply (V _CC voltage level); the second state, the gentle (gradual or "soft") start of the switched power supply ( Start) state during which it ramps up power from load to full operating mode to supply of load (eg, LED) (eg, through pulse width modulation ("PWM") switching); third state, here The switched power supply is in a full mode of operation; and the optional fourth state during which the switched power supply may experience an abnormal or abnormal action and enter a protected mode of operation. For each combination of switches utilizing a corresponding standard of stable operation (e.g., dimmer switches) and switched power supplies, the exemplary embodiments provide a substantially matched electrical environment to conform to such use. The standard for stable operation of the switch and the switched power supply enables seamless and stable operation of the two components. In various exemplary embodiments, the same type of substantially matched electrical environment can be utilized in combination of various states, and in other examples, other types of substantially matched electrical environments will be utilized for the switch and switched power supply. A selected combination of states of the supplier.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide a method of interfacing an switched power supply to a first switch coupled to an alternating current (AC) power source for providing power to solid state lighting. In various embodiments, the first switch is a forward or reverse phase modulated dimmer switch. An exemplary method includes: sensing an input current level; sensing an input voltage level; providing a resistive impedance to the first switch and in a predetermined mode by using a first adaptive interface circuit Turning on current from the first switch; and utilizing a second adaptive interface circuit, when the first switch is turned on, generates a resonant process and provides a current path during the resonant process of the switched power supply.

In an exemplary embodiment, the method may further include: utilizing the second adaptive interface circuit to modulate a current of the first switch during a resonant process of the switched power supply; and/or in the exchange a third adaptive interface circuit during the resonant process of the power supply to modulate a current of the first switch; and/or utilizing the first adaptive interface circuit to be in a state of motion of the switched power supply Or conducting current during a gradual start state; and/or utilizing the first adaptive interface circuit for charging during a trigger capacitor of the first switch, during conduction of the first switch, and at the first switch Conducting current during conduction.

In various exemplary embodiments, the step of providing a resistive impedance may further include: switching the first adaptive interface circuit to provide a fixed resistive impedance to the first switch; and/or modulating the first An adaptive interface circuit to provide a variable resistive impedance to the first switch; and/or to establish an operating voltage, and to modulate the first adaptive interface circuit when the operating voltage has reached a predetermined level And switching to a gentle start of the switched-mode power supply asynchronously with the state of the first switch.

In various exemplary embodiments, the step of providing a current path during the resonant process can further include: determining a peak input current level; and switching a resistive impedance to generate the current path. In other various exemplary embodiments, the step of providing a current path during the resonant process can further include: determining a peak input current level; and modulating a switched resistive impedance to generate the current path.

In an exemplary embodiment, the method may further include: during a full power mode of the switched power supply and during charging of a trigger capacitor of the first switch, at a hundred percent duty cycle or by one The switched mode power supply is operated in DC mode. In another exemplary embodiment, the method may further include operating the switched power supply at a substantially maximum instantaneous power during a full power mode of the switched power supply and during conduction of the first switch The supplier is for a preset period of time.

In various exemplary embodiments, the second adaptive interface circuit includes an inductor in parallel with a resistor, and the method can further include: during a full power mode of the switched power supply and at the During the conduction of the first switch, the switched power supply is operated at a substantially maximum instantaneous power until the inductor has substantially discharged.

Also in various exemplary embodiments, the method can further include: utilizing the second adaptive interface circuit to conduct current during a fully operational power state of the switched power supply; and/or at the switched power supply The minimum power from one of the first switches is adjusted during a gentle start phase of the device.

In various exemplary embodiments, the second adaptive interface circuit further includes a switchable resistive impedance, and the method can further include: utilizing the second adaptive interface circuit to be in the switched power supply A current path is provided during the start-up phase, during a gentle start of the switched power supply, or during a full mode of operation of the switched power supply.

In an exemplary embodiment, the method can further include utilizing an operating voltage bootstrap circuit coupled to the switched power supply to generate an operating voltage. The first adaptive interface circuit can further include the operating voltage bootstrap circuit.

In various exemplary embodiments, the method can further include: determining a maximum duty cycle corresponding to the sensed input voltage level; utilizing a switching duty cycle that is less than the maximum duty cycle to provide a pulse wave A width modulation mode of operation is provided to the switched power supply; and when the duty cycle is within a predetermined range of the maximum duty cycle, a current pulse mode of operation is provided to the switched power supply. In various exemplary embodiments, the method can further include: determining or obtaining a maximum duty cycle from the memory corresponding to the sensed input voltage level; and/or determining or changing the duty cycle to Providing a predetermined or selected average or peak output current level; and/or determining a peak output current level up to a maximum voltseconds parameter.

In an exemplary embodiment, the method may further include: detecting a fault of the first switch. For example, the method can detect the fault by determining at least two input voltage peaks or two input voltage zero crossings during one half of the AC power source.

Other exemplary embodiments provide a system for power conversion, wherein the system can be coupled to a first switch (eg, a phase modulation dimmer switch) coupled to an alternating current (AC) The power supply, and wherein the system of the example comprises: a switched power supply comprising a second power switch; solid state lighting coupled to the switched power supply; a voltage sensor; a current sensor; a memory; a first adaptive interface circuit comprising a resistive impedance to conduct current from the first switch in a predetermined mode; a second adaptive interface circuit for the first switch a resonant process is generated when turned on; and a controller coupled to the voltage sensor, the current sensor, the memory, the second switch, the first adaptive interface circuit, and the second adaptive And a controller circuit modulating the second adaptive interface circuit to provide a current path during a resonant process of the switched power supply.

In various exemplary embodiments, the controller further modulates the second adaptive interface circuit to modulate a current of the first switch during a resonant process of the switched power supply. In an exemplary embodiment, the system can further include: a third adaptive interface circuit for modulating a current of the first switch during a resonant process of the switched power supply.

In various exemplary embodiments, the controller further uses the first adaptive interface circuit to conduct current during a simultaneous state or a gradual start state of the switched power supply; and/or at the first Using the first adaptive interface circuit to conduct current during charging of a trigger capacitor of the switch, during conduction of the first switch, and during conduction of the first switch; and/or switching the first adaptive interface circuit Providing a fixed resistive impedance to the first switch; and/or modulating the first adaptive interface circuit to provide a variable resistive impedance to the first switch.

In an exemplary embodiment, when an operating voltage has reached a predetermined level, the controller further modulates the first adaptive interface circuit and switches to the exchange asynchronously with the state of the first switch. A gentle start of the power supply. In various exemplary embodiments, the second adaptive interface circuit includes a resistive impedance, wherein the controller further determines a peak input current level, and when the peak input current level has arrived, the control The device further switches the resistive impedance to generate the current path. In other various exemplary embodiments, the second adaptive interface circuit includes a switched resistive impedance, wherein the controller further determines a peak input current level and when the peak input current level has been reached, The controller further modulates the switched resistive impedance to generate the current path.

In an exemplary embodiment, during a full power mode of the switched power supply and during charging of a trigger capacitor of the first switch, the controller further operates at a hundred percent duty cycle or a DC Mode operating the switched power supply; and/or during a full power mode of the switched power supply and during conduction of the first switch, the controller further operates the exchange with a substantially maximum instantaneous power Power supply for a preset period of time. In another exemplary embodiment, the second adaptive interface circuit includes an inductor in parallel with a resistor, and wherein during a full power mode of the switched power supply and at the first switch During turn-on, the controller further operates the switched-mode power supply at a substantially maximum instantaneous power until the inductor has substantially discharged.

In various exemplary embodiments, the controller can further use the second adaptive interface circuit to conduct current during a fully operational power state of the switched power supply. In another exemplary embodiment, the controller is further operative to adjust a minimum power from one of the first switches during a gentle start phase of the switched power supply. In various exemplary embodiments, wherein the second adaptive interface circuit further comprises a switchable resistive impedance, and wherein the controller is further operative to use the second adaptive interface circuit at the switched power supply A current path is provided during a start-up phase, during a gentle start of the switched power supply, or during a full mode of operation of the switched power supply.

In another exemplary embodiment, the system further includes: an operating voltage bootstrap circuit coupled to the switched power supply to generate an operating voltage. In an exemplary embodiment, the first adaptive interface circuit further includes the operating voltage bootstrap circuit.

In various exemplary embodiments, the controller further determines a maximum duty cycle corresponding to the sensed input voltage level; utilizing a switching duty cycle that is less than the maximum duty cycle to provide a pulse width The switching mode of operation is provided to the switching power supply; and when the duty cycle is within a predetermined range of the maximum duty cycle, a current pulse mode of operation is provided to the switching power supply. In various exemplary embodiments, the controller may further determine or obtain a maximum duty cycle corresponding to the sensed input voltage level from a memory; and/or may determine or change the duty cycle to Provide a preset or selected average or peak output current level. In an exemplary embodiment, the controller further determines a peak output current level of a volt-second value parameter up to a maximum.

In various exemplary embodiments, the controller may further detect a fault of the first switch by, for example, determining at least two input voltage peaks or two input voltage zero crossings during a half cycle of the AC power source. .

In an exemplary embodiment, the first adaptive interface circuit can include: a first resistor; a transistor coupled in series to the first resistor, the transistor system having a coupling to the controller The base has either a gate coupled to the controller; and a second resistor coupled to the base or gate of the transistor.

In another exemplary embodiment, the first adaptive interface circuit can include: a first resistor; a transistor coupled in series to the first resistor, the transistor system having a coupling to the control The base of the device has a gate coupled to the controller; a second resistor coupled to a source or an emitter of the transistor; and a base coupled to the transistor Or a gate and coupled to the Zener diode of the second resistor.

In an exemplary embodiment, the second adaptive interface circuit can include: an inductor; and a resistor coupled in parallel with the inductor. In another exemplary embodiment, the second adaptive interface circuit can include: an inductor; a first resistor coupled to the inductor; and a base or a gate coupled to the first A transistor of a resistor. In another exemplary embodiment, the second adaptive interface circuit may further include: a second resistor coupled to the inductor and coupled to a collector or a drain of the transistor; a first Zener diode to an emitter or source of the transistor; and a second diode coupled to the inductor and the first Zener diode. In another exemplary embodiment, the second adaptive interface circuit can include: an inductor; a first resistor; a differentiator; and a one shot coupled to an output of the differentiator And a transistor coupled in series to the first resistor and further having a gate or base coupled to an output of the click circuit.

In various exemplary embodiments, the solid state lighting is one or more light emitting diodes. The switched power supply can have any configuration, such as a non-isolated or an isolated flyback configuration. The system can have a form factor that is compatible with an A19 standard, for example, to fit within a screw socket. The system can be coupled to the first switch via a rectifier. The system can be coupled to the first switch through a rectifier and an inductor.

In another exemplary embodiment, an apparatus is provided for power conversion, the apparatus being coupled to a first phase modulation dimmer switch coupled to an alternating current (AC) power source The device can be coupled to a solid state lighting device, and wherein the exemplary device includes: a switching power supply including a second power switch; a voltage sensor; a current sensor; a memory; a first adaptive interface circuit comprising a resistive impedance to conduct current from the first switch in a predetermined mode; a second adaptive interface circuit for when the first switch is turned on Generating a resonant process; and a controller coupled to the voltage sensor, the current sensor, the memory, the second switch, the first adaptive interface circuit, and the second adaptive interface a circuit, and when the first switch is instructed, the controller modulates the second adaptive interface circuit to provide a current path, and modulates one of the first switches during a resonant process of the switched power supply Current.

In another exemplary embodiment, an apparatus is provided for power conversion, the system having a form factor compatible with an A19 standard, the system being coupled to a phase modulated dimmer switch, The dimmer open relationship is coupled to an alternating current (AC) power supply, and wherein the example system includes: an exchange power supply including a power switch; and at least one illumination coupled to the switched power supply a voltage sensor for sensing an input voltage level; a first adaptive interface circuit for conducting current from the dimmer switch in a predetermined mode, the first adaptability The interface circuit further provides a substantially matched impedance to the dimmer switch; a second adaptive interface circuit for generating a resonant process of the switched power supply and during the resonant process of the switched power supply Providing a current path; a memory; and a controller coupled to the first voltage sensor, the memory, and the power switch, the controller utilizing a less than one maximum duty cycle The duty cycle provides a pulse width modulation mode of operation and provides a current pulse mode of operation when the duty cycle is within a predetermined range of the maximum duty cycle.

In another exemplary embodiment, an apparatus is provided for power conversion, wherein the apparatus is coupled to a first phase modulation dimmer switch coupled to an alternating current (AC) a power supply, wherein the device is coupled to a solid state lighting, and the device comprises: a switched power supply; a first adaptive interface circuit comprising an at least partially resistive impedance for a mode in which current is conducted from the first switch; and a second adaptive interface circuit for generating a resonant process when the first switch is turned on.

In various exemplary embodiments, the apparatus may further include a controller coupled to the second switch, the first adaptive interface circuit, and the second adaptive interface circuit, and when the first switch is turned on, The controller modulates the second adaptive interface circuit to provide a current path during the resonant process of the switched power supply. The controller further modulates the second adaptive interface circuit to modulate a current of the first switch during a resonant process of the switched power supply.

Also in various exemplary embodiments, the first adaptive interface circuit includes a resistor and may further include a diode coupled in parallel with the resistor. The second adaptive interface circuit can include: an inductor coupled to the resistor; and a capacitor coupled in series to the resistor.

In another exemplary embodiment, the first adaptive interface circuit and the second adaptive interface circuit comprise: an inductor; a resistor coupled to the inductor; and a series coupling to the resistor And a diode coupled in parallel with the resistor and further coupled to the inductor. The apparatus can also further include a filter capacitor coupled in parallel with the series coupled resistor and capacitor.

In another exemplary embodiment, a system is provided for power conversion, the system can be coupled to a first switch, the first open relationship is coupled to an alternating current (AC) power source, and the system includes An switched power supply; solid state illumination coupled to the switched power supply; a first adaptive interface circuit including an at least partially resistive impedance to be in a predetermined mode The first switch conducts current; and a second adaptive interface circuit is operative to generate a resonant process when the first switch is turned on.

In yet another exemplary embodiment, an apparatus is provided for power conversion, wherein the apparatus is coupled to a first phase modulation dimmer switch coupled to an alternating current (AC) a power source, and wherein the device is coupled to a solid state lighting, the device comprising: a switched power supply; a first adaptive interface circuit comprising a resistive impedance coupled in series to a reactive impedance Transmitting current from the first switch in a first current path in a predetermined mode; and a second adaptive interface circuit including a second switch coupled to the reactive impedance to The first switch conducts current in a second current path, and the first and second adaptive interface circuits further damp the oscillation when the first switch is turned on.

In various exemplary embodiments, the apparatus may further include a controller coupled to the second switch, and when the first switch is turned on, the controller modulates the second switch to oscillate at the damper The second current path is provided during the period. The controller further modulates the second adaptive interface circuit to modulate a current of the first switch during the damped oscillation process.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first adaptive interface circuit includes a first resistor coupled in series to a first capacitor. Additionally, the second switch can include a transistor, and the second adaptive interface circuit can further include the transistor coupled in series to the first capacitor. The second adaptive interface circuit can further include: a voltage divider comprising a second resistor coupled in series to a third resistor, the second and third resistors being further coupled to the transistor a gate; and a capacitor coupled in parallel with the third resistor.

In another exemplary embodiment, a system for power conversion is disclosed, the system can be coupled to a first switch, the first open relationship coupled to an alternating current (AC) power source, wherein the system includes An exchange power supply; solid state illumination coupled to the switched power supply; a first adaptive interface circuit comprising a resistive impedance coupled in series to a reactive impedance for a preset Passing a current from the first switch in a first current path; and a second adaptive interface circuit including a second switch coupled to the reactive impedance to conduct current from the first switch In a second current path, the first and second adaptive interface circuits further oscillate when the first switch is turned on.

In another exemplary embodiment, a device for power conversion is disclosed, the device can be coupled to a first phase modulation dimmer switch, the dimmer is coupled to an alternating current (AC) The power supply, the device can be coupled to a solid state lighting, wherein the device comprises: a switched power supply; and an adaptive interface circuit comprising a resistive impedance coupled in series to a reactive impedance to Conducting a current from the first switch in a first current path in a predetermined mode, and further comprising a second switch coupled to the reactive impedance to conduct current from the first switch to a second current path The adaptive interface circuit further oscillates when the first switch is turned on. Also in various exemplary embodiments, the adaptive interface circuit includes a first resistor coupled in series to a first capacitor. The second switch can include a transistor, and the adaptive interface circuit can further include the transistor coupled in series to the first capacitor. The adaptive interface circuit can further include: a voltage divider comprising a second resistor coupled in series to a third resistor, the second and third resistors being further coupled to one of the transistors a gate; and a capacitor coupled in parallel with the third resistor.

In another exemplary embodiment, a device for power conversion is disclosed, the device can be coupled to a first phase modulation dimmer switch, the dimmer is coupled to an alternating current (AC) The power supply device is coupled to a solid state lighting device, wherein the device comprises: a switched power supply; a first switchable adaptive interface circuit comprising a series coupled to a second switch and a a first resistive impedance of the reactive impedance to conduct current from the first switch in a predetermined mode when the first switch is in an off state or when the switched power supply is in a dynamic mode In a first current path; and a second switchable adaptive interface circuit comprising a second resistive impedance coupled in series to a third switch to be in the switch power supply at a complete In the operating mode, current is conducted from the first switch in a second current path. In an exemplary embodiment, the first adaptive interface circuit includes a first resistor coupled in series to the second switch, the second open relationship being coupled to a first couple coupled to a first capacitor a diode, and the second open relationship includes a first transistor having a gate coupled to the third switch. In an exemplary embodiment, the second adaptive interface circuit includes a second resistor coupled in series to the third switch and further coupled to a gate of the first transistor.

In another exemplary embodiment, the device of the example further includes a sensor; and a fourth switch coupled to the sensor and the third switch. An example of the sensor includes: a transistor having a collector coupled to the fourth switch through a diode; and a third resistor including a series coupled to a fourth resistor And a voltage divider, the second and third resistors are further coupled to a base of the transistor.

In another exemplary embodiment, the apparatus of the example further includes a chopping cancellation circuit. In an exemplary embodiment, the chopping cancellation circuit includes: a differential amplifier including a first transistor and a second transistor; and a pass transistor coupled to the differential amplifier a first Zener diode coupled to the first transistor; and a second Zener diode coupled to the second transistor. In another exemplary embodiment, the chopping cancellation circuit further includes: a low pass filter coupled to the first transistor.

In another exemplary embodiment, a system for power conversion is disclosed, the system can be coupled to a first phase modulation dimmer switch, the first phase modulation dimmer opening relationship coupled to a An alternating current (AC) power supply, the system comprising: a switching power supply; a chopper cancellation circuit coupled to the switching power supply; solid state illumination coupled to the chopper cancellation circuit; The switched adaptive interface circuit includes a first resistive impedance coupled in series to a second switch and a reactive impedance to be in an off state or in the switched power supply When in the active mode, the current is conducted from the first switch in a first current path in a predetermined mode; and a second switchable adaptive interface circuit includes a series coupled to the first A second resistive impedance of the third switch to conduct current from the first switch in a second current path when the switched power supply is in a full mode of operation.

The many other advantages and features of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description of the invention and the invention.

While the invention has been described in terms of the various embodiments of the embodiments of the present invention It is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments illustrated. In this regard, before the detailed description is in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited by the scope of the application, or the description, or Composition details and component configuration. The methods and devices in accordance with the present invention are capable of other embodiments and of various embodiments. In addition, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein, and

As noted above, conventional technology LED driver circuits are often problematic when utilized with conventional dimmer switches 75, which cause problems such as perceptible flicker and large inrush currents. For example, as depicted in FIG. 5, a switched off-line LED driver 90 typically includes a full-wave rectifier 20 having a capacitive filter that is greater when the input voltage is greater than the voltage across the filter capacitor (C _FILT ) 15 . Current is allowed to flow to the capacitor. The inrush current to the capacitor is limited by the resistance in series with the capacitor. Under normal operating conditions, a negative temperature coefficient resistor (NTC) or thermistor can be placed in series with the capacitor to minimize inrush current during initial charging. This resistance will be significantly reduced during operation, allowing for fast capacitor charging. This circuit will continuously peak charge the capacitor to the peak voltage of the input waveform, which is 169 V DC for a standard 120 V AC line voltage.

However, when used with a dimmer switch 75, the charging current of the filter capacitor is limited by the dimming resistor R1 (resistor 76) and is I _CHARGE = (V _IN - V _LOAD - V _C1 ) / R1 (Figures 2 and 5). Because of the large difference between C1 (77) and C _FILT (15), the voltage across the filter capacitor can approximate a DC voltage source. The charging current of the filter capacitor is also the charging current of C1 that controls the arc angle of the dimmer. Because of the large voltage drop across the filter capacitor 15 (V _C1 ), the charging current of C1 will be lower than that of a normal dimmer. For a large value of V _C1 , the current into C1 will be small and therefore slowly charged. Thus, and as depicted in FIG. 6, this small charging current may not be sufficient to charge C1 to the two-terminal AC switch 85 during a half cycle. If the turn-on voltage does not reach (93), the three-terminal AC switch 80 will not conduct. This will continue for many cycles until the voltage on the filter capacitor is small enough to charge C1 to the turn-on voltage. Once the turn-on voltage has reached (94), the three-terminal AC switch 80 will turn on and the capacitor will charge to the input voltage peak of the remaining half cycle. This phenomenon is depicted in Figure 6, which requires four cycles of 60 Hz (92) to reach this turn-on voltage such that the three-terminal AC switch 80 is only at one sub-harmonic frequency (e.g., every 15 Hz as depicted) ) Conduction.

When a dimmer switch is used to pick up or draw a small amount of current load so that for all AC input values, I _LOAD is less than the holding current, the three-terminal AC switch 80 will provide a erratic characteristic. Not suitable for applications with LED drivers. The nominal (nominal) arc angle will increase due to the increased resistance of Z _LOAD 81. When the capacitor (C1) voltage exceeds the turn-on voltage of the two-terminal AC switch, the two-terminal AC switch 85 will discharge the capacitor to the gate of the three-terminal AC switch 80 to briefly turn on the three-terminal AC switch. However, since the load resistance is too high to allow the necessary holding current, the three-terminal AC switch 80 will then be turned off. When the three-terminal AC switch is turned off, the capacitor C1 begins to charge again through R1 and Z _LOAD (81). If there is enough time remaining in the half cycle, the three-terminal AC switch will point to the arc again, and the process repeats repeatedly in each half cycle. The conduction state of such a premature and unsustainable triac 20 is depicted in Figure 7, showing a plurality of point arcs of the triac 80 (premature start attempt). 91, this may cause a perceived LED flicker.

For prior art power supplies in normal operating conditions, a conventional technique for providing sufficient current through the dimmer switch 75 is relatively inefficient, using only a parallel (cross) dimmer The load resistor R _{L of the} switch 75 is thereby provided with a load current of at least V _TRIAC /R _L when the three-terminal AC switch 80 is arcing. By setting the value of the resistor small enough, the current can be made high enough to ensure that it is always holding the critical current required to turn the three-terminal AC switch 80 on (usually in the vicinity of 50 mA to 100 mA). Above. When the phase angle (point arc angle α) is small, the power consumption across the resistor R _L will be extremely high, that is, 120 ² /R _L , which further leads to a large amount of heat generation. Such load resistors are typically provided by incandescent lamps, but electronic or switchable loads (eg, switched LED driver systems) are not necessarily provided.

Further, when the three-terminal AC switch 80 is being turned on, it is not necessarily necessary to apply more current to the switch 80, especially when a plurality of lamps (incandescent bulbs or LEDs) that draw a large amount of current are being used. Thus, in accordance with various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, instead of a "dummy" resistor R _L , an active circuit that can be adjusted according to the needs of the dimmer switch 75 can be utilized. Embodiments of these examples provide current adjustment to allow the three-terminal AC switch 80 to switch conduction (point arc) and maintain it in a conducting state as needed. Embodiments of these examples are also more power efficient, which reduces the added current (and I ² R power loss) when there are other loads that provide or draw current or when the phase angle a is small.

Although solid-state lighting (such as LED lighting) has considerable environmental and energy-saving benefits, it can be used if it cannot be integrated into an existing lighting infrastructure or is operationally compatible with existing lighting infrastructure. As an option for lighting technology, it is less likely. Thus, in accordance with the present invention, an LED driver circuit is proposed that is operatively compatible with existing lighting infrastructure (e.g., a dimmer switch) and that is directly coupled to such a dimmer switch and by the The dimmer switch controls, whether or not there are other loads (such as additional incandescent or fluorescent illumination), are also coupled to and controlled by the dimmer or other switches. Although the examples of these examples are described and discussed below in connection with dimmer switches (75), it should be noted that in addition to those switches or other foundations that may be specifically designed or implemented for other purposes. In addition to the structure, the exemplary embodiments are suitable for use with virtually any type of switching element or other lighting infrastructure.

As indicated above, the exemplary embodiments of the present invention not only recognize and adapt to various states of the switch (e.g., phase-modulated dimmer switches), but further utilize a novel insight to simultaneously identify and adapt to various states of the switched power supply. The phase shifting dimmer switch and the switched power supply operate together uninterruptedly and substantially stably. More specifically, the exemplary embodiments recognize and adapt to phase change dimmer switches of at least three states, that is, wherein the dimmer switch is not turned on, but a trigger capacitor during this period (C1) , 77) a first state being charged; a second state in which the dimmer switch has been turned on and requiring a latch current; and wherein the dimmer switch is fully turned on and requires, for example, a three-terminal AC switch (80) Or the third state of the holding current of the thyristor. At the same time, combining the states of the switches, the exemplary embodiments recognize and adapt to at least three states of an switched power supply, and in various different embodiments are four states, ie, the first state, the exchange The starting state of the power supply, during which it generates its power supply (V _CC voltage level); the second state, the smooth start state of the switched power supply, during which it goes from start to full operating mode ramp Lifting power supply to the load (eg LED) (eg switching via pulse width modulation); third state during which the switched power supply is in a full operating mode; and optional fourth State during which the switched power supply may experience an abnormal or abnormal action and enter a protected mode of operation. For each combination of switches utilizing a corresponding standard of stable operation (e.g., dimmer switches) and switched power supplies, the exemplary embodiments provide a substantially matched electrical environment to conform to such use. The standard for stable operation of the switch and the switched power supply enables seamless and stable operation of the two components. In various exemplary embodiments, the same type of substantially matched electrical environment can be utilized in combination of various states, and in other examples, other types of substantially matched electrical environments will be utilized for the switch and switched power supply. A selected combination of states of the supplier.

8 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an apparatus 100 in accordance with a first example of the teachings of the present invention, and an embodiment of a system 105 of a first example. The device 100 provides power to one or more LEDs 140, which may be an array or array of LEDs 140 of any type or color, wherein the device 100 and LEDs 140 form a first system 105. The device 100 is compatible with existing lighting infrastructure and can be directly coupled to a dimmer switch 75 for receiving AC line voltage (AC mains) (35) An AC voltage (which may be phase modulated, or without any modulation), and for example and without limitation, may be constructed to fit in an A19 (e.g., spiral) socket. Moreover, the device 100 can operate in parallel with other or additional loads 95 (eg, incandescent lamps or other LEDs 140) under the common control of the dimmer switch 75.

More generally, the device 100 can be utilized with any existing lighting infrastructure. Moreover, since (eg, the manufacturer) may not know in advance how the device 100 and system 105 will be configured by the end user, such compatibility with any existing lighting infrastructure is one of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. The real advantage. For example, the manufacturer, distributor, or other supplier of device 100 typically does not know in advance the type of switch that device 100 and system 105 may couple (eg, dimmer switch 75 or non-dimming switch), whether There may be other loads 95 and, if so, what type of load it is (eg, incandescent, LED, fluorescent, etc.).

As depicted, the device 100 includes one or more sensors 125, one or more adaptive interfaces 115, a controller 120, a switched power supply (or driver) 130, a memory (eg, The register, RAM 160, and depending on the type of switched power supply 130 used, may also typically include a rectifier 110. Embodiments or other embodiments of controller 120 (and any of its variations, such as 120A described below) and memory 160 are described in greater detail below. The one or more sensors 125 are utilized to sense or measure a parameter, such as a voltage or current level, wherein the voltage sensor 125A and the current sensor 125B are depicted and discussed below. For the purposes of the present invention, it is assumed that a rectifier 110 is present, and those skilled in the art will recognize that numerous other variations can be implemented and are equivalent and within the scope of the present invention. In an exemplary embodiment, as illustrated, the switched power supply 130 and/or the controller 120 can also receive feedback from the LEDs 140 and as such typically. The one or more adaptive interfaces 115 can be of different types and can be placed in a variety of locations within the device 100 in accordance with selected embodiments, such as, as depicted in Figure 8, except at the rectifier 110 and the Between the switched power supply 130, between the rectifier 110 and the dimmer switch 75, or parallel to the switched power supply 130, or within the switched power supply 130 (and More generally, an adaptive interface 115 can have any of the circuit locations depicted, such as in series or in parallel with the rectifier or switched power supply (or driver) 130, which is by way of example and not limitation. . The exemplary adaptive interface 115 and/or its components can generally be implemented using active or passive components, or both. The one or more sensors 125 can also be of different types and can be placed in a variety of locations within the device 100 in accordance with selected embodiments, such as for various input and/or output voltage levels. Voltage sensor 125A, or current sensor 125B and/or LED 140 current for inductor current level (eg, within switched power supply 130), for example, in more detail below Various sensors 125 are described. It should also be noted that various components (e.g., controller 120) may be implemented in analog or digital form, and all such variations are considered equivalent and within the scope of the present invention. The rectifier 110 can be any type of rectifier including, but not limited to: a full wave rectifier, a full wave bridge, a half wave rectifier, an electromechanical rectifier, or another known or known in the art. The type of rectifier. The device 100 and system 105 can also be implemented in any form (e.g., in a form compatible with an A19 (spiral) or T8 socket).

According to an exemplary embodiment, dynamic control of one or more adaptive interfaces 115 is implemented to account for the current state (or timing period) of the switched power supply 130 and the current state of the dimmer switch 75. (or timing cycle) to provide substantially stable operation of the device 100 and system 105 without causing various forms of flicker or other such failures. In other words, a matched electrical (or electronic) environment is provided to each state of the dimmer switch 75 (non-conducting and charging-triggering capacitors, having a blocking current conduction, and conducting and having a holding current conduction) In conjunction with each state of the switched power supply 130, for example, a co-moving state, a gradual or soft start power state, a full operating mode power state, and a protected mode state. For example, assuming a dimmer switch 75 is installed and not directly available for any sensing and functional control, an exemplary method embodiment provides a phase modulated dimmer switch 75 and an switched power supply 130 The interface controls the function of the switched power supply 130 by providing an adaptive and timely manner and simultaneously identifying the current process in the dimmer switch 75, and provides a substantially matched electrical environment. The process for this dimmer 75 is completed steadily and converted to another dimmer switch 75 process, for example, from a charging process to a conduction process and then to a conduction process. Also by way of example and not limitation, a substantially matched electrical environment can be provided by controlling the switched power supply 130 (e.g., controlling a resonant process and current shaping), or by controlling the switched power supply. An input impedance of 130, or an input current to control the device 100, or by controlling an input power of the switched power supply 130, includes control by turning off the switched power supply 130.

9 is a block diagram of an apparatus embodiment 100A, a second exemplary system embodiment 105A, and a second exemplary adaptive interface embodiment 115A in accordance with one of the teachings of the present invention. In addition to the components previously discussed with reference to the device embodiment of the first example, the device embodiment of this second example is also depicted as optionally including a filter capacitor 235, which is described in more detail below. As shown in FIG. 9 , an exemplary adaptive interface 115A includes one or more five interface circuits, that is, a dynamic interface circuit 200 , a gradual or soft start power interface circuit 210 , a full operation interface circuit 220 , A resonant process interface circuit 195 and a protection mode interface circuit 230. In any selected embodiment, it should be noted that the five interface circuits 195, 200, 210, 220, and/or 230 may share a common circuit or utilize the same circuit, except that they may include separate circuits. To implement, and in some instances, common control parameters can also be shared. Although depicted as being located between a rectifier 110 and the switched power supply 130, as discussed above, the adaptive interface 115A of the example and/or its component interfaces 195, 200, 210, 220, and/or 230 are Any of the various circuit locations within a device 100A may be external to or in place of the depicted locations.

As described above, with respect to the adaptive interface 115A of the example, one can distinguish at least four independent functional phases or states of the switched power supply 130 in conjunction with at least three operational states of a dimmer switch 75. The adaptive interface 115A of the example utilizes one or more of the component interfaces 195, 200, 210, 220, and/or 230 to identify and accommodate various states of the dimmer switch 75 and the switched power supply 130 combination. During startup of the switched power supply 130, the exemplary starting interface circuit 200 is utilized to generate an operating voltage (V _CC ) for a controller 120 of a power supply during which all other switched power supplies are available The circuit 130 circuitry is disabled and thus the energy consumption is relatively small and is used to provide or allow sufficient current flow to the dimmer switch 75 for any of its three states. During a gentle or soft start of power supply by the switched power supply 130, since a supplied electrical process is added to the energy level of the output load (LED 140), the energy consumption is rather small, gentle or The soft start power interface circuit 210 is utilized to allow ramping up of the output energy and sufficient current to flow to the dimmer switch 75 for any of its three states. During full operation of the switched-mode power supply 130, this has nominal energy consumption, the resonant process interface circuit 195 and the fully operational interface circuit 220 are utilized to provide current shaping (typically controlling input current levels), and Sufficient current is also allowed to flow to the dimmer switch 75 for any of its three states. A protected mode of operation in which the switched-mode power supply 130 or its various components are turned off and the energy consumption is relatively small is also implemented using the protected mode interface circuit 230, which may also be practical depending on the selected embodiment. Turning off the dimmer switch 75 either allows sufficient current to flow to the dimmer switch 75 for any of its three states.

By controlling the adaptive interface 115 and/or its component interfaces 195, 200, 210, 220, and/or 230, the various processes (or states) of the dimmer switch 75 are also controlled, including but not limited to: a) charging of the trigger capacitor (C1) 77 and the point arc of the two-terminal AC switch (D1) 85 (and, in order to retain the dimmer switch 75, the machinery associated with the desired dimming level provided by the user) Position (the value of R1), the external impedance of the charging circuit (the input impedance of the device) is substantially close to the impedance provided by an incandescent bulb (eg, Zload 81), and no energy is supplied to the power supply); The dimmer switch 75 (eg, the three-terminal AC switch 80) is turned on with a substantially minimum current sufficient to exceed the latching current of the three-terminal AC switch 80, which involves a transient input of the device 100, From zero power to any power supplied by the AC line 35; and (c) through the dimmer switch 75 (three-terminal AC) with a current that may be required but sufficient to exceed the holding current of the three-terminal AC switch 80 Switch 80) conducts current until the end of the current AC cycle (eg, straight Up to zero voltage during phase a, which may equally (although not precisely) be referred to as a zero crossing, has any power supplied by the AC line to the switched power supply 130. For a reverse dimmer, the charging process ((a) above) is generally followed by the conduction process ((c) above), and those skilled in the art will recognize it here. The application of the examples and principles of the examples to the application of the present invention are considered to be equivalent and are within the scope of the claimed invention.

10 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method in accordance with a first example of the teachings of the present invention. The various states of the switched power supply 130 and the dimmer switch 75 can be considered to form a matrix such that the functionality of the switched power supply 130 is controlled in a timely and adaptive manner, which identifies the The current process of the dimmer switch 75, the current state of the switched power supply 130, and providing a corresponding substantially matched electrical environment for substantially stable operation of the dimmer switch 75, with appropriate power being provided to the LED 140, and the corresponding transition from state to state substantially stable. Referring to Figure 10, the method begins conduction on the AC line, such as by a user mechanically turning on a dimmer switch 75 (starting step 300). The device 100, 100A (or other device embodiments discussed below) (and/or the controller 120, 120A) then determines whether the functional state of the switched power supply 130 is in the four states described above. Either the protection mode, the full operation mode, the gentle or soft start mode, or the preset in the start mode (steps 302, 304, 306, and 308). For each of these possible states of the switched power supply 130, a state of the dimmer switch 75 is determined (e.g., through one or more sensors 125) and a corresponding substantial match The electrical environment is provided to the combination of the switched power supply 130 and the state of the dimmer switch 75. In other words, for each of the four states of the switched power supply 130, one or more substantially matched electrical environments are charging at the trigger capacitor 77 (C1) (steps 310, 316, 322, and/or 328). Or, the dimmer switch 75 (three-terminal AC switch 80) is conducting (steps 312, 318, 324, and/or 330), or the current is being conducted through the dimmer switch 75 (steps 314, 320). , 326 and/or 332) are provided. Following steps 314, 320, 326, and/or 332, the method determines if the AC line (dimmer switch 75) has been turned off (step 334), and if not, the method returns to step 302 and Repeat, and if any, the method can end (return to step 336). Accordingly, the apparatus 100, 100A (or other apparatus embodiments discussed below) provides an electrical environment that substantially matches the state of both the dimmer switch 75 and the switched power supply 130. The combination of various states, the monitoring of the state, and the provision of a substantially matched electrical environment are described in more detail below.

For each combination of the 12 combinations of these states or processes, and according to the intended configuration (eg, 110V, 220V), the corresponding parameters are preset and stored in the memory 160, and thus from the subsequent actions The memory 160 is captured by the controller 120 and utilized to provide the corresponding substantially matching electrical environment. As described above, a substantially matched electrical environment can be provided by the controller 120 by controlling the switched power supply 130 (e.g., controlling a resonant process, current shaping, and other methods discussed below), Or by controlling an input impedance of the switched power supply 130, or controlling an input current of the device 100, or by controlling an input power of the switched power supply 130, including by turning off the The control of the switched power supply 130 is by way of example and not limitation. However, it should be noted that for combinations of various states, the corresponding parameters and/or types of controls may be substantially similar or identical, depending on the embodiment chosen. The corresponding parameters and/or types of controls may be determined in a number of ways, each of which is considered equivalent and within the scope of the invention, for example, according to the minimum voltage level of any and/or all countries, The component value, the maximum voltage level that an switched power supply 130 and/or LED 140 can withstand, the characteristics of the dimmer switch 75 (eg, minimum hold and latch current), etc., where the corresponding parameters are preset Exemplary methods are described in more detail below. By way of example and not limitation, a minimum current parameter (e.g., 50 mA) can be utilized and sensed via a current sensor 125B, wherein a controller 120, 120A then provides the various switches and includes an adaptive interface The corresponding gate or modulation of the other circuits of 115 to ensure the flow of this minimum current. Thus, when the dimmer switch 75 and the switched power supply 130 change their individual functional states, the present invention is implemented by a device 100, 100A-G (or other device embodiments discussed below). The new corresponding parameters of the dimmer switch 75 and the corresponding combination of states of the switched power supply 130 are automatically adapted and adjusted.

For example, a method of interfacing a power supply 130 by providing a substantially matched electrical environment through a dimmer during a startup state of the apparatus 100, 100A-G (switched power supply 130) Switch 75 is used to supply power, and the method can include the following sequence (Fig. 10, steps 310-314):

1. Monitor the status of the dimmer switch 75 (steps 310-314).

2. Identifying the state of the dimmer switch 75 is the state in which its trigger capacitor 77 is charged (step 310).

3. Provide a relatively low impedance to the dimmer switch 75 (steps 310-314), thereby allowing sufficient current to flow to charge the trigger circuit and further effectively simulating an incandescent lamp. For example, the provided impedance can be fixed with a maximum value to produce a current that slightly exceeds the lockout and hold current threshold when the dimmer switch 75 is turned "on" (steps 312-314). In the case of an available independent control voltage, the matched impedance can be adaptive, changing its value according to the charging circuit charging time to draw a current slightly higher than the blocking and holding current threshold, which can be adjusted When the optical device is turned on, it is correspondingly defined according to the instantaneous AC voltage value.

4. Detect when the dimmer switch 75 is turned on and conducting, and continue to provide the matched impedance to the dimmer switch 75 to draw a current slightly above the hold current threshold (step 312).

5. Beginning a process for establishing an operating voltage (by active or passive circuitry) for the device 100, 100A-G, for example, providing an operating voltage (V _CC ) to the controller 120. The provided matching interface impedance will remain active during the process, which may use several complete consecutive cycles of the dimmer switch 75, i.e., charging the trigger capacitor 77, turning the dimmer switch on. 75 (three-terminal AC switch 80) and conduction current through the dimmer switch 75 (steps 310-314).

6. Monitor the operating voltage level of the device 100, 100A-G.

7. Enable the controller 120 and switch to a gentle or soft start of the switched power supply 130 upon power-on reset threshold voltage level.

8. During the transition to a gentle or soft start, continue to provide a matched impedance to the dimmer switch 75 to charge the trigger capacitor, turn the dimmer switch 75 on, and adaptively capture above the latch and then A current that maintains a current threshold (steps 310-314).

Thus, during startup of the device 100, 100A-G and its included switching power supply 130, an interface circuit (eg, 115, 200, 210 and any state of the dimmer switch 75) / or other interface circuits discussed below) are utilized to provide a suitable impedance to allow sufficient current for the corresponding state of the dimmer switch 75, thereby producing a corresponding substantially matched electrical environment. Each state is combined.

11 is a block and circuit diagram of an apparatus embodiment 100B, a third example system embodiment 105B, and a third example adaptive interface embodiment 115B, in accordance with one of the teachings of the present invention. Not individually depicted, the device 100B can be coupled to a dimmer switch 75 and an AC line 35 as previously depicted in FIGS. 8 and 9. By way of example and not limitation, the adaptive interface embodiment 115B of the third example can be utilized during startup, gradual or soft start, and other processes (and states of the switched power supply 130), and can be utilized to implement Any or all of the following: together with the interface circuit 200, a gradual or soft start power interface circuit 210, and/or a fully operational interface circuit 220, which is by way of example and not limitation. Referring to FIG. 11, the adaptive interface embodiment 115B of the third example includes a resistive impedance (resistor 202), a switch 205, and an optional resistor 203, wherein the resistor 202 is controlled by a switch (depletion mode). The switching of MOSFET) 205 is coupled to (and in parallel with) the dimmer switch 75, which is conductive and conductive without any control signals being provided from the controller 120. Providing a relatively low impedance as a substantially matched electrical environment and further providing the relatively low impedance as a predetermined mode, for example, during V _CC generation (steps 310-314) or during a gentle or soft start ( Steps 316-320). Providing such a relatively low impedance as a predetermined mode serves to ensure, for example, that when the controller 120 and the switched-mode power supply 130 are generating their individual operating voltages and may not yet be fully operational, for example, when When the photonic switch 75 is initially turned on by a user, the dimmer switch 75 operates properly and there is sufficient trigger capacitor charging, latching, and holding current to be provided through the resistive impedance (resistor 202) and switch 205. If the controller 120 has an independent voltage source (eg, a battery) during the initial startup time or if it develops an operating voltage, the controller 120 can change (adapt) the impedance as if The optimum conditions for the dimmer performance sensed by the voltage and/or current sensors 125A, 125B. After such startup, the controller 120 can provide a control signal to the gate of the switch (MOSFET) 205, for example, to modulate the current flowing through the resistor 202 and the switch 205, for example, for the switching The gentle or soft start power mode of the power supply 130, or for example during the full mode of operation of the switched power supply 130, reduces or terminates flow when sufficient current is available to be removed by the switched power supply 130 The additional current of embodiment interface 115B is adapted. Those skilled in the art, using the principles of the present invention, may suggest various other circuits to provide a relatively low resistive impedance to the control signal without any control signals for such a starting process and a predetermined mode. Light.

During the gentle or soft start of the system 105B (Fig. 11), the controller 120 is ramped up to the load (LED) in accordance with the stable operation of the device 100B (and other devices 100, 100A, 100C-G). 140 power. Operating switching frequency, output voltage, and output current are typically increased during a gentle or soft start. An important parameter for the adaptive interface 115B is to increase the input power to the switched power supply 130 from a level below the minimum required to meet the dimmer switch 75 to a level well above the minimum level. To provide power to the LED 140. An exemplary method of gradual or soft start of an switched power supply 130 powered by a dimmer switch 75 is to provide a substantially matched electrical environment to the dimmer switch 75, for example, by providing a resistor The interface of impedance 115B, the method may include the following sequence (Fig. 10, steps 316-320):

1. Switching from the active phase to a gentle or soft start phase asynchronously with the state of the dimmer switch 75, i.e., a gentle or soft start can begin regardless of the state of the dimmer switch 75, such as when The dimmer switch 75 is any one of three periodic states that charge its trigger capacitor, turn on the dimmer switch 75, or conduct current through the dimmer switch 75.

2. For example, using interface 115B to continue to provide (via an adaptive interface 115) a substantially matched electrical environment (as is the case with the power supply 130 being activated) to maintain the dimmer switch 75 in its possible three The action of each state of the state is stable until the input voltage is substantially zero (eg, a zero crossing).

3. Monitoring the state of the dimmer switch 75 after a zero crossing so that if the dimmer switch 75 is off (a forward dimmer), a matching is provided via an adaptive interface 115. The resistive impedance is applied to the trigger circuit of the dimmer 75, and if the dimmer switch 75 is conductive (a reverse dimmer), a matching adaptive power is supplied via an adaptive interface 115 to the tone. Light. The total matching power draw to the dimmer switch 75 is equal to the sum of the input power of the switched power supply 130 and the additional power consumed by an adaptive interface 115. The example matched adaptive power capture is described in more detail below with reference to Figures 14-16.

4. For a forward dimmer, monitor the state of the dimmer switch 75 from charging to conducting and conducting current, and provide a matching adaptive power to the dimmer via an adaptive interface 115 Switch 75, and a trigger circuit that provides a matched resistive impedance to a reverse dimmer.

5. Compatible with the periodic state of the dimmer switch 75 and correspondingly periodically changing the matching electrical environment of the dimmer.

6. As the input power of the switched-mode power supply 130 increases and becomes less than the minimum level required for the steady operation of the dimmer switch 75, the additional current drawn by an adaptive interface 115 is gradually changed to zero. .

7. Switch to a fully operational power mode and interrupt the action of the applicable adaptive interface 115 as necessary or desired.

Thus, during any gentle or soft start of the device 100, 100A-G and its associated switched power supply 130, an interface circuit (eg, 200, 210, and/or for any state of the dimmer switch 75) Or the following discussion) is utilized to provide a suitable impedance to allow sufficient current for the corresponding state of the dimmer switch 75, and to provide during dimmer turn-on (as discussed in more detail below) Current shaping/control whereby a corresponding substantially matched electrical environment is created for each state combination. As the switched-mode power supply 130 ramps up to a full mode of operation, the additional current draw provided by the adaptive interface 115 is reduced while maintaining sufficient current through the dimmer switch for its charging, Any of the conduction and conduction states.

12 is a block and circuit diagram of an apparatus embodiment 100C, a system example 105C of a fourth example, and an adaptive interface embodiment 115C of a fourth example, in accordance with one fourth embodiment of the present teachings. Not individually depicted, the device 100C can be coupled to a dimmer switch 75 and an AC line 35 as previously depicted in FIGS. 8 and 9. 13 is an example of switching of an example dimmer switch, an exemplary adaptive interface 115 embodiment, power provided to an exemplary switched power supply 130, and an exemplary adaptive interface power in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Graphical timing diagram utilized. By way of example and not limitation, the adaptive interface embodiment 115C of the fourth example may be utilized in any state of the dimmer switch 75 during both the start-up and the gradual or soft start process (steps 310-320), or Used during a full mode of operation (step 322), and may be utilized to implement either or both of the interface module 200 and/or a gradual or soft start power interface circuit 210, which is by way of example and not limitation. of. The adaptive interface embodiment 115C of the fourth example includes a matching resistive impedance 207 and 208 coupled to the dimmer switch 75 by a switch (MOSFET) 215 for startup at the switched power supply 130 A substantially matched electrical environment is provided to the dimmer switch 75 (for any of its three states) during and/or during a gentle or soft start. The matched resistive impedance may be fixed or variable by a gate-to-source voltage defined by an optional Zener diode 211 and controlled by a controller 120 Voltage driven. The state of the dimmer switch 75 is sensed by the voltage sensor 125A in this exemplary embodiment. When the dimmer switch 75 is conducting, the controller 120 adjusts the current draw circuit formed by the resistors 207, 208, 212, 213 and the switch (MOSFET) 215. The adaptive interface 115C effectively adjusts the input power of the system 105C such that the minimum current through it for the stable operation of the dimmer switch 75 is exceeded. When the smooth or soft start of the switched-mode power supply 130 proceeds to its full operational state and when the dimmer switch 75 is conducting and conducting, the additional power consumed by an adaptive interface 115C gradually becomes Zero, as shown in Figure 13.

Thus, during the startup or gentle or soft start state of the switched power supply 130, an adaptive interface 115 (e.g., 115B or 115C) provides a corresponding and substantially matching electrical environment to the dimmer switch 75, such as A fixed or variable impedance allows sufficient current to pass through the dimmer switch 75 for greater than or equal to a latching or holding current (when the dimmer is conducting or conducting, steps 312, 314, 318 and/or 320) and providing a current path for charging the trigger capacitor (when the dimmer is in an off or non-conducting state, FIG. 10, steps 310, 316). During a full mode of operation of the switched power supply 130, an electrically matching (eg, a fixed or variable impedance) for the substantial matching of the dimmer switch 75 can also be utilized to provide a current path. For charging the trigger capacitor (when the dimmer is in an off or non-conducting state, FIG. 10, step 322).

A substantially matched electrical environment is also actively (dynamically) or passively provided during the full mode of operation of the switched power supply 130. In various exemplary embodiments, a resonant mode is generated for controlling an inrush peak current when the dimmer switch 75 is turned on, the current being further actively modulated to avoid excessive current levels. While maintaining the minimum latching and holding current of the dimmer switch 75, as discussed in more detail below. Referring again to Figure 9, an optional filter capacitor 235 can be implemented, for example, to provide power factor correction. The filter capacitor 235 can be connected after the rectifier 110 as shown or between the rectifier 110 and the dimmer switch 75. However, the inclusion of such a filter capacitor 235 can act to extend and delay the charging time required for the trigger capacitor 77. For example, various models have shown that when this filter capacitor 235 is utilized, the 3.4 ms delay used to charge the trigger capacitor 77 when connected to an incandescent bulb may be extended to 4.2 ms because of the low voltage of the trigger capacitor 77, This potential may result in non-triggering of the two-terminal AC switch 85, even after a half cycle of charging. In order to avoid excessive delay in the charging of the trigger capacitor 77, according to these exemplary embodiments, the capacitance of the filter capacitor 235 should not exceed the magnitude of the capacitance of the trigger capacitor 77 by three orders of magnitude. In an exemplary embodiment, the filter capacitor 235 is relatively small, on the order of about 0.5-2.5 [mu]F, and more specifically in the various exemplary embodiments is about or substantially on the order of 0.1-0.2 [mu]F because A large filter capacitor 235 will prevent charging of the trigger capacitor (77).

However, the use of such a relatively small filter capacitor 235, without the additional components set forth in the exemplary novel embodiments and discussed below, will allow for a large and potentially over-the-counter when the dimmer switch 75 is turned "on" A high peak current enters the switched power supply 130, which may be particularly detrimental to the switched power supply 130. Thus, in order to avoid this peak inrush current, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention generates and modulates a resonant process during the full mode of operation of the switched-mode power supply 130 while the dimmer switch 75 is conducting. (FIG. 10, step 324), for example, by utilizing an adaptive interface 115D, 115E, and/or 115F, as described and discussed in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 14-16 and FIGS. 20-23. The generation and modulation of such resonant processes may also be utilized during the exchange power supply 130 and other states of the dimmer switch 75, for example, during a gentle or soft start of the dimmer switch 75 being turned on. (Step 318) either during the transition from a gentle or soft start to a full mode of operation.

The exemplary devices 100B and 100C also include a voltage sensor 125A that can be utilized to sense the state of the dimmer switch 75. Alternatively, other types of sensors 125 may equally be utilized to determine the state of the dimmer switch 75. When the sensor 125 indicates that the dimmer switch 75 is turned off due to a zero voltage of a forward dimmer, or when the dimmer is turned off for a reverse type dimmer, The voltage of the input filter capacitor 235 drops to a very small value. At about this time, during a full mode of operation, the controller 120 turns on at least one switch (e.g., 285 in FIG. 17) of the switched-mode power supply 130 via the at least one magnetic winding ( The primary winding of flyback transformer 280, as shown in Figure 17, or an inductor such as inductor 236 of Figures 14-16, is connected in series to the input. Since the capacitance of the filter capacitor 235 in the switching power supply operating in the actual range of frequencies from 50 kHz to 1 MHZ and the inductance of the inductor are relatively small, the external impedance of the charging capacitor 77 is relatively small and is In the range of an incandescent bulb value, sufficient current is thus allowed to charge the trigger capacitor 77 (Fig. 10, step 322). Thus, during a full mode of operation and transition from a gentle or soft start to a full mode of operation, and during charging of the trigger capacitor 77, circuitry in the switched-mode power supply 130 can be utilized to ensure that there is sufficient Charging current (in addition to ensuring adequate latching and holding current) without the need for additional resistive impedance or current draw for this purpose, etc. to draw additional current.

A dimmer switch 75 is operated to provide a switched power supply 130 and an input during a full mode of operation and when powered by a dimmer switch 75 by providing a substantially matched electrical environment A first method of an example of a device of filter capacitor 235 (having a relatively low capacitance, i.e., a small capacitor) can include the following sequence (Fig. 10, step 322):

1. Monitor the state of the dimmer switch 75.

2. When the dimmer switch 75 has been turned off, the main switch of the switched-mode power supply 130 is turned on in a first switching mode with a substantially maximum actual duty cycle (up to 100%) (Fig. 10 Step 322) (and for example monitoring based on voltage or current levels (eg, 115B, 115C), if necessary or desired, for example using an adaptive interface 115 to effectively provide an additional current path To allow charging of the trigger capacitor). For such charging of the trigger capacitor during the full mode of operation, it should be noted that components within the switched-mode power supply 130 can be utilized to provide the current path to accommodate such charging, rather than other additional member.

3. Continue to switch the switched power supply 130 in the first mode or maintain the switched power supply 130 in a DC mode with the substantially maximum duty cycle (if it is less than one hundred percent (100%)) If the substantive maximum working period is 100%).

4. When the dimmer switch 75 is turned on, the switched power supply 130 is operated in a second switching mode with the output from the switched power supply 130, such as via a voltage or current sensor. The feedback of 125A, 125B, or the duty cycle determined by feedback from another circuit component, such as LED 140 current.

As noted above, a certain type of magnetic winding (e.g., an inductor 236 or transformer) will be connected in series to the rectifier 110 at some point during the switching cycle of the switched power supply 130. The filter capacitor 235 and the magnetic winding (inductor 236) may function to reduce the performance reliability of the dimmer switch 75 without introducing a substantially matched electrical environment corresponding to one of the embodiments of the examples. , which utilizes methods other than those discussed for the start-up and smooth or soft start of the switched-mode power supply 130 to provide the switch during a full mode of operation (after a gentle or soft start) The power supply 130 has a better performance.

Figure 20 is a diagram depicting an inductor or other magnetic winding (without additional circuitry), such as the circuitry of Figure 14, and if no resistor 237 is included (relative to various exemplary embodiments of the invention) A waveform diagram of a voltage and current waveform of an example in which a switch is turned on in a resonant mode. Although the peak current 611 and voltage 612 waveforms are damped oscillations and are below an excessive current level by including an inductor 236, another problem may occur during the time from t3 to t4, as The model depicted indicates that the current of the dimmer switch 75 is substantially zero, which may cause failure of the dimmer switch 75 and cause perceptible flicker.

However, various experimental models and theoretical analyses indicate the case of typical inductance and capacitance values of a conventional switched power supply because the filter capacitor 235 may be turned on when the dimmer switch 75 is turned "on" Discharge, so the turn-on of the dimmer switch 75 will produce transient voltage and current levels, which may create an unstable oscillatory interface with the dimmer switch 75. In order to avoid such an unstable oscillating interface with the dimmer switch 75, in accordance with these exemplary embodiments, an adaptive interface 115D that changes the current supplied through the dimmer switch 75 is utilized. Bring a substantial match to the electrical environment. 14 is a block and circuit diagram of an apparatus embodiment 100D, a fifth example system embodiment 105D, and a fifth example adaptive interface embodiment 115D, in accordance with one fifth embodiment of the present teachings. 21 is an exemplary modeled transient voltage 616 and current depicting an apparatus embodiment, a fifth exemplary system embodiment, and a fifth exemplary adaptive interface embodiment in accordance with one fifth embodiment of the teachings of the present invention. Waveform of the 615 waveform. Not individually depicted, the device 100D can be coupled to a dimmer switch 75 and an AC line 35 as previously depicted in FIGS. 8 and 9. The adaptive interface 115D is an exemplary passive embodiment of a fully operational interface circuit 220, which is by way of example and not limitation. The adaptive interface 115D includes a resistor 237 coupled in parallel with the inductor 236, and the inductor 236 and the capacitor 235A form a resonant circuit. When the resonant current reaches its peak, the voltage across the inductor 236 changes polarity and is partially discharged through the resistor 237, thereby reducing the inrush current into the switched-mode power supply 130 and preventing further current flow. The filter capacitor 235A is charged while allowing sufficient latching and holding current to the dimmer switch 75. The adaptive interface 115D provides a passive embodiment of the dimmer switch 75 and the method of interfacing the switched power supply 130 by transmitting current through the dimmer switch 75 during the resonant process. A substantially matched electrical environment is provided, and the adaptive interface 115D provides latching and holding currents that are above any typical minimum of a dimmer switch 75. As depicted in Figure 21, the experimental model indicates significant damping and effective elimination of any undesired oscillations after the switch is turned on (waveform 613), and further provides a minimum dimmer switch 75 current of approximately 96 mA. (Current waveform 615), which is a value above the typical holding current level (eg, 50 mA), while the blocking current has been shown to be approximately 782 mA, which is also above the typical minimum blocking current threshold.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the predetermined or preselected manner of the inductance and capacitance of the resonating member external to the dimmer switch 75 (or a characteristic impedance, such as the approximately 250 ohm value mentioned below) is such that The peak resonant current exceeds the value of the latching current of the dimmer switch 75 at any AC value and when conducting, and further reasonable or equivalent to avoid damaging the dimmer switch 75 and the components of the switched power supply 130 low. For a 110V (220V) operating environment, one or more inductors having a combined inductance of approximately 16-24 mH (40-50 mH), and more specifically 18-22 mH (43-47 mH) are utilized (eg, Each of 6.8 mH (each 15 mH) implements three inductors of inductor 236), for a range of capacitance values of the filter capacitor 235 previously described, providing a range of approximately 200-300 ohms, and more specifically An overall characteristic impedance of approximately 250 ohms.

24 is a block and circuit diagram depicting an apparatus embodiment 100H, a system embodiment 105H of a ninth example, and an adaptive interface embodiment 115H of an eighth example in accordance with one of the ninth examples of the teachings of the present invention. 25 is a diagrammatic depiction of a transient embodiment of an apparatus embodiment 100H, a ninth example system embodiment 105H, and an eighth example adaptive interface embodiment 115H in accordance with one of the teachings of the present invention. Waveform of the current waveform. Not individually depicted, the device 100H can be coupled to a dimmer switch 75 and an AC line 35 as previously depicted in FIGS. 8 and 9. Also not individually depicted, the device 100H may also include additional or other current and/or voltage sensors. By way of example and not limitation, the adaptive interface 115H of the example can be utilized in any state of the dimmer switch 75 during both start-up and gradual or soft start processes (steps 310-320), or in full operation The mode period is utilized (step 322) and may be utilized to implement either or both of the interface module circuit 200 and/or a gradual or soft start power interface circuit 210, by way of example and not limitation. The adaptive interface 115H is also an exemplary passive embodiment of a fully operational interface circuit 220, which is also by way of example and not limitation. The adaptive interface 115H includes a resistor 440 coupled in series to the capacitor 445 and also coupled to the inductor 236, and the inductor 236 and the capacitor 445 form a resonant circuit. The resistor 440 is also coupled in parallel with the diode 450, which also provides a discharge path for the capacitor 445 to enter the switched power supply 130, thereby avoiding substantial resistive power losses. When the resonant current reaches its peak, the voltage across the inductor 236 changes polarity and is partially discharged through the resistor 440 and into the capacitor 445 (and also into the capacitor 235A), thereby reducing the inrush current into the capacitor. The switched-mode power supply 130 dampens oscillations and prevents current from further charging the filter capacitor 235A while allowing sufficient latching and holding current to the dimmer switch 75. The adaptive interface 115H provides a passive implementation of the dimmer switch 75 and the interface method of the switched power supply 130 by absorbing the current of the dimmer switch 75 during the resonant process. A substantially matched electrical environment is provided, and the adaptive interface 115D provides latching and holding currents that are above any typical minimum of a dimmer switch 75. As depicted in Figure 25, the experimental model indicates significant damping and effective elimination of any undesired oscillations after the switch is turned on (waveform 640), and further provides a minimum dimmer switch 75 current of approximately 200 mA. This is a value above the typical holding current level (eg, 50 mA) and is also above the typical minimum blocking current threshold.

As described above, according to an exemplary embodiment of the adaptive interface 115H, the preset or preselected manner of the inductance and capacitance value (or a characteristic impedance) of the resonating member outside the dimmer switch 75 is such that the peak The resonant current exceeds the value of the latching current of the dimmer switch 75 at any AC value and on, and is further reasonable or relatively low to avoid damaging the dimmer switch 75 and the components of the switched power supply 130. of.

The adaptive interface 115H can also be considered to include two interface circuits, a first interface circuit (either a separate resistor 440, or a combined capacitor 445 (as a reactive impedance) and/or a diode 450). Providing an (at least partially) resistive impedance and a second interface circuit (inductor 236 and capacitor 445 and/or capacitor 235A) in a predetermined mode that is generated when the dimmer switch 75 is turned on Resonance process. The at least partially resistive impedance (resistor 440) acts further to dampen the oscillations and limit any initial current inrush while further avoiding reducing the current to zero after the end of the oscillation.

The device 100H for power conversion, wherein the device is coupled to a first phase modulation dimmer switch, the first phase modulation dimmer is coupled to an alternating current (AC) power source, and the device 100H is also Coupled to a solid state lighting, can be considered to include: a switched power supply (130); a first adaptive interface circuit that includes an at least partially resistive impedance in a predetermined mode The current is conducted from the first switch; and a second adaptive interface circuit is configured to generate a resonant process when the first switch is turned on. The first adaptive interface circuit can include a resistor (440) and can further include a diode (450) coupled in parallel with the resistor. The second adaptive interface circuit can be considered to include: an inductor (236) coupled to the resistor (440); and a capacitor (445) coupled in series to the resistor (440). In other words, the first adaptive interface circuit and the second adaptive interface circuit include: an inductor (236); a resistor (440) coupled to the inductor (236); a series coupling to the A capacitor (445) of the resistor (440); and a diode (450) coupled in parallel with the resistor (440) and further coupled to the inductor (236). A filter capacitor (235A) can also be coupled in parallel with the series coupled resistor (440) and capacitor (445).

26 is a block and circuit diagram depicting a device embodiment 100J of a tenth example, a system embodiment 105J of a tenth example, and an adaptive interface embodiment 115J of a ninth example, in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. 27 is a modeled transient voltage depicting an example of a device embodiment 100J of a tenth example, a system embodiment 105J of a tenth example, and an example of an adaptive interface embodiment 115J of a ninth example, in accordance with one embodiment of the present teachings. And the waveform of the current waveform. Not individually depicted, the device 100J can be coupled to a dimmer switch 75 and an AC line 35 as previously depicted in FIGS. 8 and 9. Also not individually depicted, the device 100J may also include additional or other current and/or voltage sensors. By way of example and not limitation, the device embodiment 100J of the tenth example may be utilized in any state of the dimmer switch 75 during the start-up and gradual or soft start processes (steps 310-320), or may be complete The operational mode is utilized (step 322) and can be utilized to implement either or both of the interface module 200 and/or a gradual or soft start power interface circuit 210, by way of example and not limitation. The device embodiment 100J of the tenth example includes a matched resistive impedance (resistor 480) coupled in series to the (filter) capacitor 460, which is coupled to another matched resistive impedance (resistor 470 and 475) Parallel coupling (which is also coupled to the dimmer switch 75 via the rectifier 110) to provide a substantially matched electrical environment during startup of the switched power supply 130 and/or during a gentle or soft start The dimmer switch 75 (for any of its three states). When the dimmer switch 75 is turned "on", the capacitor 460 is charged through the resistor 480, which acts to limit the peak current, wherein the capacitor 460 also provides power factor correction. The matched resistive impedance (resistor 480) coupled in series to (filter) capacitor 460 provides a first current path, and the capacitor 460 is coupled in series with the switch (MOSFET) 455 to provide a second current path to Maintain sufficient hold and latch current in a preset mode. The additional matching impedance (resistors 470 and 475) may be considered to provide a third current path in addition to providing an input voltage sensing function, the resistors 470, 475 together or further combined with the capacitor 465.

In addition, the resistors 470, 475 and capacitor 465 allow the switch (MOSFET) 455 to be passively turned on without active control, although active control is optionally provided (using a line 485 depicted by a dashed line). This provides another current path (current draw) through the switch 455 to maintain sufficient hold and latch current while reducing resistive power losses. The latter matching impedance can be controlled by a gate-to-source voltage defined by resistor 475 and capacitor 465, or can be varied and driven by a control voltage from controller 120. The adaptive interface 115J effectively adjusts the input power of the system 105J such that the minimum current required to pass the dimmer switch 75 for the stable operation of the dimmer switch 75 is exceeded. A corresponding voltage waveform 642 and current waveform 641 are depicted in Figure 27, which shows that the peak current is limited to approximately 180 mA. This peak current limit can be preset or preselected based on the resistance value of resistor 480. Additionally, the size of the switch (MOSFET) 455 can be determined for a corresponding input voltage, for example, 200V in the United States or 400V in Europe, which is by way of example and not limitation.

The voltage divider formed by resistors 470, 475 (or also in combination with capacitor 465) also functions as a voltage sensor (e.g., for input voltage levels). The resistors 470, 475 (or also in combination with capacitor 465) can also be considered to constitute an interface controller that automatically modulates the gate of the switch (MOSFET) 455, thereby also regulating the pass through the switch (MOSFET) ) 455 and capacitors. 460 current.

The adaptive interface 115J can also be considered to include one or more interface circuits, such as a first interface circuit that provides a resistive and a reactive impedance for conducting current in a predetermined mode (resistor 480 combines capacitor 460) and a second interface circuit (capacitor 460 in conjunction with switch (MOSFET) 455) that is provided when the dimmer switch 75 has been turned on and sufficient voltage has been generated at the gate of switch (MOSFET) 455 a second current path, the two interface circuits further for generating an oscillating damping process when the dimmer switch 75 is turned on and limiting any initial current inrush while further allowing sufficient current flow to maintain the hold and latch current Level. Alternatively, the adaptive interface 115J can be viewed as a single interface circuit that provides these functions.

Thus, during the startup or gentle or soft start state of the switched-mode power supply 130, an adaptive interface 115, such as 115H or 115J, also provides a corresponding and substantially matching electrical environment to the dimmer switch 75, For example, a fixed or variable impedance that allows sufficient current through the dimmer switch 75 to be greater than or equal to a latching or holding current (when the dimmer is conducting or conducting, steps 312, 314, 318 and/or 320) and providing a current path for charging the trigger capacitor (when the dimmer is in an off or non-conducting state, FIG. 10, steps 310, 316). During the full mode of operation of the switched-mode power supply 130, as discussed above, such a substantially matched electrical environment (e.g., a fixed or variable impedance) to the dimmer switch 75 can also be utilized to provide A current path for charging the trigger capacitor (when the dimmer is in an off or non-conducting state, FIG. 10, step 322).

28 is a block diagram and circuit diagram depicting an apparatus embodiment 100K, an eleventh exemplary system embodiment 105K, and a tenth exemplary adaptive interface embodiment 115K in accordance with an eleventh example of the teachings of the present invention. Not individually depicted, the device 100K can be coupled to a dimmer switch 75 and an AC line 35 as previously depicted in Figures 8 and 9. Also not individually depicted, the device 100K may also include additional or other current and/or voltage sensors. By way of example and not limitation, the adaptive interface 115K of the example can be utilized in any state of the dimmer switch 75 during both start-up and gradual or soft start processes (steps 310-320), or in full operation The mode period is utilized (step 322) and can be utilized to implement either of the interface module 200, a gradual or soft start power interface circuit 210, and/or a fully operational interface circuit 220. The operation of the adaptive interface 115K is similar to the adaptive interface 115H previously described with reference to Figure 24, but this is an exemplary active embodiment and is by way of example and not limitation. The adaptive interface 115K includes a resistor 440 coupled in series to the capacitor 445 and also coupled to the inductor 236, and the inductor 236 and capacitor 445 form a resonant circuit. The resistor 440 is also coupled in parallel with the diode 450, which also provides a discharge path for the capacitor 445 to enter the switched power supply 130, thereby avoiding substantial resistive power losses. When the resonant current reaches its peak, the voltage across the inductor 236 changes polarity and is partially discharged through the resistor 440 and into the capacitor 445 (and also into the capacitor 235A), thereby reducing the inrush current into the capacitor. The switched-mode power supply 130 dampens oscillations and prevents current from further charging the filter capacitor 235A while allowing sufficient latching and holding current to the dimmer switch 75.

The adaptive interface 115K provides an active implementation of the dimmer switch 75 and the switching power supply 130 interface method by modulating the current of the dimmer switch 75 during the resonant process. A substantially matched electrical environment is provided, and the adaptive interface 115K provides latching and holding currents that are higher than any typical minimum of a dimmer switch 75. In this exemplary embodiment, the resistive network (consisting of resistors 446 and 447 configured in series as a voltage divider) provides status information about the dimmer switch 75 to the controller 120, wherein the controller 120 then controls the turn-on and turn-off states of the switch (MOSFET) 455A through a MOSFET driver circuit (not individually depicted). In an exemplary embodiment, the switch (MOSFET) 455A is in an on state when the dimmer switch 75 is off, and then on the order of 200-300 microseconds after the dimmer switch 75 is turned "on" It is turned off after a slight delay, which provides a start-up and a smooth or soft start process when the switch (MOSFET) 455A is in an on state, and then provides a full operational mode when the switch (MOSFET) 455A is in an off state. Reduce possible power losses.

As described above, according to an exemplary embodiment of the adaptive interface 115K, the predetermined or preselected manner of the inductance and capacitance value (or a characteristic impedance) of the resonating member outside the dimmer switch 75 is such that the peak resonance The current exceeds the value of the latching current of the dimmer switch 75 at any AC value and when conducting, and further reasonable or relatively low to avoid damaging the dimmer switch 75 and the components of the switched power supply 130 .

The adaptive interface 115K can also be considered to include two interface circuits, a first interface circuit (either a separate resistor 440, or a combined capacitor 445 (as a reactive impedance) and/or a diode 450). Providing an (at least partially) resistive impedance in a predetermined mode, and a second interface circuit (inductor 236, switch (MOSFET) 455A and capacitor 445 and/or capacitor 235A) coupled to the dimmer A resonant process occurs when switch 75 is turned "on". The at least partially resistive impedance (resistor 440) acts further to dampen the oscillations and limit any initial current inrush while further avoiding reducing the current to zero after the end of the oscillation.

The device 100K for power conversion, wherein the device is coupled to a first phase modulation dimmer switch, the first phase modulation dimmer is coupled to an alternating current (AC) power source, and the device 100K is also Coupled to a solid state lighting, can be considered to include: a switched power supply (130); a first adaptive interface circuit that includes an at least partially resistive impedance in a predetermined mode Passing a current from the first switch; and a second adaptive interface circuit for generating a resonant process when the first switch is turned on, and then turning off and allowing a complete operation without additional power loss mode. The first adaptive interface circuit can include a resistor (440) and can further include a diode (450) coupled in parallel with the resistor. The second adaptive interface circuit can be considered to include: an inductor (236) coupled to the resistor (440); a capacitor (445) coupled in series to the resistor (440); and a series connection A switch (455A) coupled to the capacitor (445) and further coupled to a controller (120). In other words, the first adaptive interface circuit and the second adaptive interface circuit include: an inductor (236); a resistor (440) coupled to the inductor (236); a series coupling to the A resistor (440) and a capacitor (445) of the switch (455A); and a diode (450) coupled in parallel with the resistor (440) and further coupled to the inductor (236). A filter capacitor (235A) can also be coupled in parallel with the series coupled resistor (440) and capacitor (445). In addition, a resistive network (eg, a voltage divider including resistors 446, 447) may be included to provide status information of the dimmer switch 75 to the controller 120.

29 is a block diagram and circuit diagram depicting an apparatus embodiment 100L, a system example 105L of a twelfth example, and an adaptive interface embodiment 115L of an eleventh example, in accordance with one of the teachings of the present invention. Not individually depicted, the device 100L can be coupled to a dimmer switch 75 and an AC line 35 as previously depicted in FIGS. 8 and 9. Also not individually depicted, the device 100L may also include additional or other current and/or voltage sensors. By way of example and not limitation, the adaptive interface 115L of the example may be utilized in any state of the dimmer switch 75 during both the start-up and the gradual or soft start process (steps 310-320), or may be complete The operational mode is utilized (step 322) and may be utilized to implement either of the active interface circuit 200, a gradual or soft start power interface circuit 210, and/or a fully operational interface circuit 220. The adaptive interface 115L of this example is also particularly well-suited for a wide and expanded range of dimmers on the order of 10,000, while providing excellent stability.

For the illustrated embodiment, when the dimmer switch 75 is turned off, a relatively low and fixed impedance is provided to the dimmer switch 75 to charge the trigger capacitor (C1, 77). A switch (MOSFET) 740 is coupled to the rectified voltage line (line 746) via resistor 703. At startup, the switch (MOSFET) 740 is turned on and charges the V _CC capacitor 460 (via the diode 712) to provide a substantial match during startup of the switched power supply 130 and/or during a gentle or soft start. The electrical environment (and the first current path) is given to the dimmer switch 75 (for any of its three states). When the V _CC capacitor 460 has been charged to approximately a power-on reset voltage level of the switched-mode power supply 130, the switched-mode power supply 130 is turned "on" and a voltage (or other signal) is generated on line 745. The voltage (or other signal) is a turn-on switch (MOSFET) 730 and turns off the switch (MOSFET) 740, which effectively ends the pre-charging of the V _CC capacitor 460 and provides a second current path (resistor 702 and switch in series) (MOSFET) 730). At approximately the same time, the switch (MOSFET) 735 is turned "on" and in series with the switch (MOSFET) 740, which then provides a third current path when the switch (MOSFET) 740 may be switched back on (the resistor 703 in series with Switch (MOSFET) 740 and switch (MOSFET) 735).

A dual carrier junction transistor (BJT) 720 is utilized as a sensor to determine the state of the dimmer switch 75 and to further control switching of the switches (MOSFETs) 740 and 730. A bi-carrier junction transistor (BJT) 720 is connected between the V _CC voltage level (on line 747) and the rectified line voltage (on line 746). When the rectified voltage is less than the voltage across the Zener diode 714 (typically about 5V), the transistor (BJT) 720 is turned off (or open), and the switch (MOSFET) 725 is in In turn-on state, this turns off the switch (MOSFET) 730 and turns on the switch (MOSFET) 740. Thus, when the dimmer switch 75 is off, the switch (MOSFET) 740 is conductive, and another current path is provided through resistor 703, switch (MOSFET) 740, and switch (MOSFET) 735. The trigger capacitor (C1, 77) of the dimmer switch 75 is now charged through the relatively low resistance of the (relatively small) resistor 703 until a trigger voltage level is reached and the dimmer switch 75 is turned "on" . The rectified voltage is (substantially immediately) increased, the system conducts a crystal (BJT) 720 and turns off the switch (MOSFET) 740, wherein the other current path passes through the resistor 702 and the switch (MOSFET) 730. Provide it.

The device embodiment 100L of the twelfth example includes a matched resistive impedance (resistor 703) that is switchably coupled in series via a switch (MOSFET) 740 and a diode 712 (filter Or V _CC ) capacitor 460, and the series connected components are switchably coupled in parallel with another matched resistive impedance (resistor 702) and switch (MOSFET) 730 (also with resistor 709) (the components) Also connected to the dimmer switch 75) via the rectifier 110 to provide a substantially matched electrical environment to the dimmer switch 75 during startup of the switched-mode power supply 130 and/or during a gentle or soft start (for Any of its three states). When the dimmer switch 75 is turned on, the capacitor 460 is charged through a resistor 703 (and a switch (MOSFET) 740 and a diode 712) for limiting the peak current, wherein the capacitor 460 is also Potential power factor correction is provided. The switchable ground (via switch (MOSFET) 740 and diode 712) is coupled in series with a matched resistive impedance (resistor 703) of (filter or V _CC ) capacitor 460 to provide a first current path. A matched resistive impedance (resistor 702) in series with the switch (MOSFET) 730 provides a second current path, and the switchable (coupled resistively coupled via switch (MOSFET) 740 and switch (MOSFET) 735 The impedance (resistor 703) provides a third current path to maintain sufficient hold and latch current in a predetermined mode. In addition to providing an input voltage sensing function, the additional matching impedance (resistor 470 And 475) can also be considered as providing a fourth current path.

During a typical operation, the power loss through the adaptive interface 115L is relatively small because it is conducted at very low line voltages. In addition, the dimming angle is reduced by about 10-15 degrees, which moves the dimmer switch 75 to a higher operating voltage range and thereby makes it more stable.

Thus, during the startup or gentle or soft start state of the switched power supply 130, an adaptive interface 115 (e.g., 115K or 115L) also provides a corresponding and substantially matching electrical environment to the dimmer switch 75, such as A fixed or variable impedance allows sufficient current to pass through the dimmer switch 75 for greater than or equal to a latching or holding current (when the dimmer is conducting or conducting, steps 312, 314, 318 and/or 320) and providing a current path for charging the trigger capacitor (when the dimmer is in an off or non-conducting state, FIG. 10, steps 310, 316). During a full mode of operation of the switched power supply 130, an electrically matching (eg, a fixed or variable impedance) for the substantial matching of the dimmer switch 75 can also be utilized to provide a current path. For charging the trigger capacitor (when the dimmer is in an off or non-conducting state, FIG. 10, step 322).

Figure 30 is a block diagram and circuit diagram depicting an apparatus embodiment 100M of a thirteenth example and a system embodiment 105M of a thirteenth example in accordance with one of the teachings of the present invention. The device 100M and system 105M operate as previously described for devices 100G and 105G (of FIG. 17), but now include a chopping cancellation circuit 800. The chopping cancellation circuit 800 can be utilized in any of the apparatus and system embodiments described herein and is depicted as part of the device 100M and system 105M to demonstrate that its location is at the switched power supply 130. (Illustrated in FIG. 30 as switched power supply 130A) and between LEDs 140. 31 is a block diagram and circuit diagram depicting an embodiment of a chopping cancellation circuit 800A in accordance with one example of the teachings of the present invention.

An exemplary chopping cancellation circuit 800, 800A is particularly useful for dimming, for example, which is extremely low at 1:10,000, where the output of the dimmer switch 75 may drop to less than 1 W, such as between 0.5 and 0.6 W. In the scope. Regardless of any interface circuit 115, a device designed to operate at 600W or 1000W may be quite unpredictable under 0.5W, and it may cause a low frequency dimmer chopping, which produces visible LEDs. 140 flashes. As discussed in more detail below, an exemplary chopping cancellation circuit 800, 800A can be utilized to eliminate such chopping at low power levels while allowing the chopping at higher power levels and avoiding Increased power loss.

Referring to FIG. 31, an input voltage V _IN from the switched-mode power supply 130 is provided at node 865, and an output voltage output to LED 140 is provided at node 870. The first and second (BJT) transistors 805, 810 and the resistors 845 and 850 function as a differential amplifier circuit. With the first Zener diode 820 and resistors 830, 835, a reference voltage is supplied to the base of the first transistor 805 at node 880, and the base of the second transistor 810 utilizes a Zener diode. Body 825 and resistors 855, 860 receive a feedback voltage at node 875. A negative feedback loop is formed using the collector of the first transistor 805, the transfer transistor 815, the second Zener diode 825, and resistors 855, 860. The differential amplifier circuit and transfer transistor 815 are operatively similar to an operational amplifier circuit such that the feedback voltage at node 875 is substantially the same as the reference voltage at node 880. For example, if the feedback voltage at node 875 is greater than the reference voltage at node 870, then the voltage at the emitter of second transistor 810 is pulled higher, which turns off first transistor 805, allowing The voltage of the collector of a transistor 805 rises, lowering the voltage drop across resistor 845, thereby turning off or modulating the transfer transistor 815 because its gate-to-source voltage has decreased, which results in a node One of the lower output voltages of 870 is to reduce the feedback voltage at node 875 (from a voltage divider including resistors 855, 860). Also for example, if the feedback voltage at node 875 is less than the reference voltage at node 870, the first transistor 805 is further turned on, which increases the voltage drop across resistor 845, lowering the first transistor. The collector voltage of 805, thereby turning on or turning on the pass transistor 815, because its gate-to-source voltage has increased, which results in a higher output voltage at node 870, which is boosted at node 875. Feedback voltage (from a voltage divider including resistors 855, 860). The values of the resistors 830, 835, 855, and 860 can be adjusted to allow the output voltage provided at node 870 to be any desired fraction (or multiple) of the input voltage V _IN provided at node 865.

A low pass filter comprising capacitor 840 and resistors 835, 840 is utilized to avoid the reference voltage at node 880 following the disturbance of input voltage V _IN at node 865 (e.g., AC chopping), thereby preventing at node 865 The AC chopping or other disturbance of the input voltage V _IN occurs in the output voltage provided by node 870. The values of the resistors 830, 835 and capacitor 840 can be adjusted to provide a desired or selected frequency response.

However, at higher voltage and/or current levels, embodiments of the example avoid loss of efficiency (from transfer transistor 815) when flicker is not perceived at higher brightness levels. Thus, at a higher output voltage level, the second Zener diode 825 is utilized to clamp the voltage level of the feedback voltage at node 875. This causes the first transistor 805 to conduct relatively strongly (or rather strongly), increasing the voltage across the resistor 845, which results in a large gate-to-source voltage across the transfer transistor 815. The pass transistor 815 is then also turned on relatively strongly (or quite strongly), effectively effectively shorting the output voltage provided at node 870 to the input voltage V _{IN of} node 865, thereby allowing the AC to ripple out. The output voltage provided by node 870 now avoids the voltage drop across transfer transistor 815 (and accordingly avoids power loss).

Additional control stability is provided through the use of the first Zener diode 820. For example, delays in providing corresponding output voltages and current levels from input voltage and current levels may create instability in the control provided by controller 120, which may overcorrect and produce oscillations. Thus, the first Zener diode 820 is utilized to quickly pull up the reference voltage at node 880 and charge capacitor 840 as the input voltage V _{IN of} node 865 rises rapidly, which allows the output provided at node 870 The voltage quickly reacts to a large increase in the input voltage V _IN of node 865.

A second method of operating an apparatus 100, 100A-H having an switched power supply 130 and an input filter capacitor 235 (having a relatively low capacitance, i.e., a small capacitor), in a complete During operation mode and when powered by a dimmer switch 75, the method provides the dimmer switch 75 by providing a substantially matching electrical environment when the dimmer switch 75 has been turned on. The following sequence is included (Fig. 10, step 326 or steps 324-326):

1. Monitor the resonant current after the dimmer switch 75 is turned on.

2. When the resonant current has reached its peak, an adaptive interface 115 (eg, 115E, 115F) is utilized to adaptively provide a first interface mode as an additional transient path for the current to This current is diverted to avoid resonant charging of the filter capacitor 235 while maintaining the current of the dimmer switch 75 above the hold (or latch) current threshold.

3. Starting at the adaptive interface 115 (as an additional transient circuit) and not exceeding the average power consumed by the switched power supply 130 during the mains cycle, determined by the corresponding feedback Or the set maximum allowable instantaneous input power drives the switched power supply 130.

4. Disabling the use of the adaptive interface 115 and switching to approximately when the resonant inductor has discharged its stored energy or a predetermined period of time after the resonant current has substantially reached its peak value The dimmer switch 75 and a second interface mode of the switched power supply 130.

The method of this example can be implemented, for example, using the circuitry depicted in Figures 15-17.

15 is a block and circuit diagram of an apparatus embodiment 100E, a sixth example system embodiment 105E, and a sixth example adaptive interface embodiment 115E, in accordance with one sixth embodiment of the present teachings. 22 is a modeled transient voltage 621 and current depicting an embodiment of a sixth example, a system embodiment of a sixth example, and an example of an adaptive interface embodiment of a sixth example, in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. 620, 622 waveform waveform. Not individually depicted, the device 100E can be coupled to a dimmer switch 75 and an AC line 35 as previously depicted in FIGS. 8 and 9. The adaptive interface 115E implements a fully operational interface circuit 220, which is by way of example and not limitation. The adaptive interface 115E includes an inductor 236, resistors 238 and 239, a switch (transistor) 240, a Zener diode 241, and a blocking diode 242. The inductor 236 and the filter capacitor 235A form a resonant circuit. A transistor 240 is connected in series with the resistor 239 and the diodes 241 and 242 and across (parallel) the inductor 236. The base of transistor 240 is also coupled to inductor 236 via a resistor 238. The barrier diode 242 and the Zener diode 241 prevent conduction of the transistor 240 during a non-resonant (or non-transient) switching cycle of the power supply 130. When the current through the resonant of the dimmer switch 75 reaches its peak, the polarity of the voltage across the inductor 236 changes and the transistor 240 begins to conduct, which provides a transient current path through the resistor 239 and prevents this. Filter capacitor 235A is overcharged. As depicted in Figure 22, the experimental model (voltage waveform 621 across filter capacitor 235, modeled voltage waveform 623 provided by dimmer switch 75, current 620 through dimmer switch 75, and pass through electricity) Current 622) of crystal 240 indicates significant damping and effectively eliminates any undesirable oscillations, which provides substantially stable operation of the dimmer switch 75 and further provides a maximum current of approximately 1.07A and approximately 156 mA. Minimum dimmer switch 75 current, which is a value above the typical minimum hold and latch current threshold.

16 is a block and circuit diagram of an apparatus embodiment 100F, a seventh example system embodiment 105F, and a seventh example adaptive interface embodiment 115F, in accordance with one seventh embodiment of the present teachings. 23 is a modeled transient voltage and current waveform depicting an embodiment of a seventh example, a system embodiment of a seventh example, and an example of an adaptive interface embodiment of a seventh example, in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Waveform diagram. Not individually depicted, the device 100F can be coupled to a dimmer switch 75 and an AC line 35 as previously depicted in FIGS. 8 and 9. The adaptive interface 115F implements a fully operational interface circuit 220, which is by way of example and not limitation. The adaptive interface 115F includes an inductor 236, a differentiator 261, a click circuit 252, a switch (MOSFET transistor) 250, and a resistor 251. A current sensor 125B is depicted as being embodied by a current sensing resistor 260 that is depicted as providing a feedback to the differentiator 261 and optionally providing a feedback to the Controller 120. Controller 120A may further include a differentiator 261 in addition to other control functions of controller 120 as discussed herein. A voltage generated across current sense resistor 260 can be utilized as an indicator of current, for example, through the dimmer switch 75 (not individually drawn). As discussed above, inductor 236 and input filter capacitor 235A also form a resonant circuit. A differentiator 261 including an operational amplifier 255, a capacitor 256, and resistors 253 and 254 is coupled (via capacitor 256 at its inverting input) to current sense resistor 260. The output of the differentiator 261 is coupled to a click circuit 252 to drive a switch (MOSFET) 250 having a resistive load 251. When the current through the resonant state of the dimmer switch 75 reaches its peak value, the differentiator 261 triggers the click circuit 252, which is a duration of a preset or preselection of the turn-on switch (MOSFET) 250. It provides an additional path to the current from inductor 236 to avoid additional charging of filter capacitor 235A. The various waveforms depicted in FIG. 23 include a current waveform 630 through the current of the dimmer switch 75, a voltage waveform 631 across the voltage of the filter capacitor 235A, and an input AC voltage waveform 623 (when the dimming is performed by the dimming When the switch 75 is turned on, and the current waveform 632 of the current through the MOSFET switch 250. The experimental model indicates significant damping and effectively eliminates any unwanted oscillations, which provides substantially stable operation of the dimmer switch 75 and further provides a minimum dimmer switch 75 current of approximately 100 mA, which Is a value above a typical minimum hold and latch current threshold, where resistor 251 and switch 250 draw approximately 60 mA for a 1A peak current system, and wherein the switch 250 is on for the duration (from the click Circuit 252) is approximately 200 μs. Circuitry other than the click circuit 252 having a fixed active duration may be equivalently replaced, for example, by a variable or dynamic active time under the control of the controller 120, 120A, And those skilled in the art can use a variety of adaptive timing circuits to use this option.

Figure 17 is a block and circuit diagram of an apparatus embodiment 100G and an eighth embodiment system embodiment 105G in accordance with an eighth example of the teachings of the present invention. The device 100G implements a fully operational interface circuit 220 (using adaptive interfaces 115D and 115F) and a combined start interface and a gentle or soft start power interface circuit 200, 210 (using an adaptive interface 115B, the operation of which also acts as An adaptive interface voltage shoe strap circuit 115G), which is by way of example and not limitation. Moreover, as discussed in more detail below, the device 100G also implements a protected mode interface circuit through the use of various sensors 125 and the controller 120A (including the differentiator 261 for driving the click circuit 252). 230. The device 100G is considered to be a resonant process interface circuit 195 (implemented by interface 115D), a fully operational interface circuit 220, a dynamic interface 200, a gradual or soft start power interface circuit 210, and a protection mode interface circuit 230. Examples of any of the various combinations, and those having electronic skill, will recognize numerous equivalent combinations that are considered within the scope of the claimed invention.

As depicted, the device 100G includes a controller 120A, a memory 160 (eg, a register, RAM), a plurality of sensors 125, a plurality of adaptive interface circuits 115, and an optional coupled inductor 270. And a capacitor 271, a bridge rectifier 110A, a filter capacitor 235A, a rapidly generated bootstrap circuit 115G for an operating voltage _VCC (in block 290) (and as discussed below, the bootstrap circuit 115G is also used Acting as an adaptive interface circuit 115B), a switched power supply 130A (depicted as having a transformer 280 in a flyback configuration), and an optional resistor 295 (in an exemplary embodiment, Act as a voltage or current sensor). The teachings of the present invention do not limit the topology of the device 100G to the flyback configuration of the reference, but any type or type of power supply 130 configuration may be utilized and may be known or will become known in the art. It is known to be implemented. The device 100G is coupled to a dimmer switch 75 and an AC line 35 via an inductor 270 and a capacitor 271. The inductor 270 and the capacitor 271 are then coupled to a bridge rectifier 110A for coupling to other components. An example of the rectifier 110 of the example of the dimmer switch 75. The adaptive interface 115B and the adaptive interface 115D function as discussed above to provide the substantially matched electrical environment to the dimmer switch 75 during startup, gentle or soft start, and a full mode of operation. A dimmer state sensor 125C is also depicted that can be implemented using any type of sensor, such as with a voltage sensor 125A as discussed above. As depicted, in addition to the sensors 125C, the state of the dimmer, a plurality of line sensors 125 are utilized, i.e., two current sensor 125B _1, 125B ₂ and the voltage sensor 125A. The device 100G provides power to one or more LEDs 140, which may be an array or array of LEDs 140 of any type or color, wherein the device 100G and the LEDs 140 form a system 105G.

An exemplary embodiment or other embodiment of a controller 120A and a memory 160 is described in greater detail below. The one or more sensors are utilized to sense or measure a parameter, such as a voltage or current level, and can be implemented as known in the art or will become known. The switched power supply 130A and/or the controller 120A can, and typically will, be received from the LED 140 via the sensors 125A, 125B ₁ , 125B ₂ as depicted.

The adaptive interface circuit 115 of the device 100G operates as previously discussed. The boot strap circuit 115G can be utilized to generate an operating voltage during startup and to provide an additional current draw function during either state of the dimmer switch 75. The open relationship of the transistor 285 is utilized to transfer power to the plurality of LEDs 140 via the transformer 280.

The controller 120A implements a first control method consisting of two parts, the switched power supply 130A utilizing a variable duty cycle of up to maximum duty cycle (" _DMAX ") ("D a pulse width modulation (PWM) switching (via transistor 285) followed by an additional mode of operation known as one of the current pulse modes to maintain stable operation of the dimmer switch 75 and Provide proper dimming of the light output. The duty cycle D is determined by the controller 120 based on a detected input voltage level, and thus the device 100G and the system 105G can accommodate a wide range of input voltages (which can vary over time, as well as domestic and international). The change, for example, from 90 to 130V).

The output power P _OUT delivered by the switched power supply 130A to the LED 140 is equal to:

Where V is the RMS input voltage;

D is a duty cycle which is a one-half cycle average value for the input AC voltage;

f is the switching frequency of the power supply 130A;

L _m is the magnetizing inductance of the transformer of the switching power supply 130A.

For a fixed switching frequency of the power supply 130A, the duty cycle D is inversely proportional to the square of the input voltage, that is, as the voltage increases, the duty cycle drops to deliver the same output power. A fixed switching frequency is only given as an example, and one of the methods described below is applicable in the frequency domain. Depending on the output power, a maximum duty cycle _DMAX occurs at the minimum input voltage. Since a switched power supply 130 is typically designed for a stable operation of its magnetic components at a predetermined or some maximum duty cycle, the maximum duty cycle D _MAX is preset with a minimum input voltage. Or pre-selected. When the output of the switched power supply 130 is controlled by a dimmer switch 75, the controller 120 is configured to have an average based on an average input voltage regulated by the dimmer switch 75. Working period.

In addition to independently controlling the amount of current through the dimmer switch 75 to maintain stable operation, the following is an example to illustrate the insights that the present invention brings to the characteristics of two separate control methods that do not rely solely on conventional techniques. Typical visible transmission through PWM control. For example, at an input voltage of 90 V RMS (average 81 V), a D _MAX = 0.6 is selected at a phase angle α = 0. It should be noted that the maximum voltsecs used to magnetize the magnetic member (280) will occur at the peak of the input voltage. In the case where the input voltage is 130 VRM or becomes 130 VRM (average 120 V), the duty cycle generated, determined or calculated by the controller 120 is reduced to D = 0.29, and as for the peak at 130V For the same magnetized volt-second value, the duty cycle is D = 0.415. Therefore, it is safe to operate at D = 0.415, or a magnetic member suitable for the transformer 280. For this example it is assumed that at 130V, then the phase modulation by the dimmer switch 75 is α = 90°. The average input voltage will be 60V and the controller 120 will generate a maximum possible duty cycle D = D _MAX = 0.6 to compensate for the lower input voltage. However, from the perspective of power supply 130A, the magnetizing voltage at this peak will still be the amplitude of the input voltage for which the maximum allowable duty cycle is D = 0.415. The power supply 130A will then be forced to operate at the peak at an elevated duty cycle D = 0.6 instead of D = 0.415, which may indicate saturation of the magnetic member (280) and failure of the power supply 130. Thus, it is recognized that only PWM will not achieve the desired stability under dimming conditions to simultaneously draw sufficient current for proper dimmer operation and provide the desired illumination output, embodiments of these examples provide Another second control mechanism that supplies a switched power supply 130 from a dimmer switch 75 for the dimmer switch 75 and the stabilizing interface of the switched power supply 130.

A first control method is based on the adjustment of the average input voltage according to the duty cycle, wherein the maximum average duty cycle D _MAX is preselected at the minimum input voltage and stored in the controller 120A (or the memory of the controller 120A) In body or memory 160). D _MAX values for the predetermined or pre-selected, the other parameters of maximum switching power supply 130 (i.e., the largest peak or peak input voltage of the minimum volt-second value ( "VSEC _MAX" )) is preset or pre-selected and stored in the controller 120 (or the memory or memory 160 of the controller 120). According to various exemplary embodiments, the switched-mode power supply 130A is enabled to operate with a range of input voltages while the operational duty cycle is always maintained below D _MAX and the same operational volt-second value is It is kept below the maximum stored volt-second value VSEC _MAX . Thus, the switched power supply 130A operates with a potentially fixed or adjustable duty cycle to produce a high power factor, and the duty cycle is always for the maximum preselected volt-second value VSEC _MAX is too large (i.e., in the range of a predetermined D _MAX), it is further switched to the system volt-second limit value. An embodiment of the adjustment mechanism of the second invention of the first control method can measure the input voltage and integrate it during conduction of the switch 285 of the switched-mode power supply 130A (eg, at the controller 120A) This is achieved by using an integrator that has not been drawn separately (and the volt-second value can also be obtained by a feedforward technique, not shown in Figure 17). It can also be implemented by using the switching current measurement of the sensor 125B ₁ depicted in FIG. 17, Ipeak control. Instead of using a maximum volt-second value VSEC _MAX parameter, another alternative control method for the second layer of the two-layer control method would utilize a peak current level ("I _P ") parameter ( The peak current level of the main inductor of transformer 280 is either the output peak current level) to adjust the power delivered to LED 140 under dimming conditions.

18 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method in accordance with a second example of the teachings of the present invention, and provides a useful illustration and summary of the two-layer control method utilizing the maximum volt-second value VSEC _MAX parameter or This is the peak current level ("I _P ") parameter. The method begins at start step 400, which determines an input voltage (step 405). The method utilizes the determined or sensed input voltage to determine a duty cycle D for pulse width modulation (step 410), the duty cycle D being less than (or equal to) the maximum duty cycle _DMAX , To provide the selected or preset average output current level, I _AV . The switched power supply is then switched using the duty cycle D (step 415), which provides the selected or preset average output current level, I _AV . The method then determines if the duty cycle D is within a predetermined range (or substantially equal) of the maximum duty cycle D _MAX (step 420), and if so, transitions to the current pulse mode (step 425), And if not, the method continues (step 430) and iteratively returns to step 405, which may need to adjust the duty cycle D to provide the selected or preset based on the sensed input voltage. The average output current level, I _AV , continues and provides PWM for the switched power supply 130, 130A. When the duty cycle D is within a predetermined range (or substantially equal) of the maximum duty cycle D _MAX , a current pulse mode is implemented (step 425), which provides a period during a selected interval Current pulse with dynamically adjustable or varying peak current I _P (peak current level of the main inductor of transformer 280 or the peak current level of the output) to increase the output current level up to a maximum Peak current level ("I _MAX ") to maintain the output current (usually the selected or preset average output current level, I _AV ) above a preset or preselected minimum level to maintain Sufficient current is supplied to the LEDs 140 to emit light while allowing for a dimming effect. Or in step 425, a current pulse mode was also embodiments (step 425), this provides a system having a dynamically adjustable or varying the peak current I _P (the primary inductor of the transformer 280 during a selected interval The peak current level or the output peak current level) of the current pulse to increase the output current level up to a maximum volt-second value VSEC _MAX parameter to maintain the output current (usually the selected or The preset average output current level, I _AV ), is above a predetermined or preselected minimum level to maintain sufficient current to emit light to the LED 140 and at the same time to allow for a dimming effect. When the method is continued (step 430), the method returns to step 405 and repeats, otherwise the method may end (return to step 435).

The duty cycle control, peak current control, and/or maximum volt-second value VSEC _MAX control is implemented by the controller 120, 120A, which can dynamically increase or decrease the duty cycle D to maintain a selected or pre-selected Set the average output current ("I _AV ") up to the maximum duty cycle D _MAX . Thus, it is assumed that either the device 100 (and any of its variations 100A-100G) and the system 105 (and any of its variations 105A-105G) are coupled to a dimmer switch 75 and the user adjusts the dimming When the switch is turned on to provide dimming, the duty cycle is dynamically adjusted and increased up to the maximum duty cycle D _MAX , after which point the average output current to the LED 140 can begin to decrease and the output illumination is dimmed . However, the controller 120, 120A will switch to the additional current pulse mode and maintain the tolerable peak current (amplitude) (ie, up to a preset or preselected maximum peak current or maximum) The volt-second value VSEC _MAX parameter) to support sufficient current to the LED 140 causes the light to continue to be supplied and does not become too low for the LED 140 to actually turn off and stop illuminating. In these various embodiments, a dimmer switch 75 is automatically considered without the need to additionally or individually detect such a dimmer. An important advantage of this first control method is that no additional current is utilized and therefore there is no additional corresponding power loss as seen in the prior art.

The controller 120, 120A also functions as an adaptive interface (circuit 230) to implement the protected mode of operation. The controller can utilize any of a variety of sensors 125 to determine the output current (eg, through) when there is power from a dimmer switch 75 or other switch (which is exemplified and non-limiting). The LED) is too high (for example, indicating a short circuit), or is too low or absent (indicating an open circuit), or can detect other errors in any of the other components of the various components. In these cases, the controllers 120, 120A may provide a low power mode that uses only enough power to maintain the conduction state of, for example, the circuitry of the controller 120, or may decide to completely shut down the device 100, 100A-G and / or the switching power supply 130.

19 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method in accordance with a third example of the teachings of the present invention, by maintaining the dimmer switch 75 in stable operation, but only for problems such as flashing or other triggering Become unstable edges or boundaries. For example, and as depicted in Figures 6 and 7 above, there are many types of dimmer instability or incorrect performance, such as (and without limitation): (1) the dimmer switch 75 is being The supplied AC (35) is not turned on during one half cycle; (2) the dimmer switch 75 is turned on more than once during one half cycle of the AC (35); (3) crossover and conduction at one zero point Thereafter, a forward dimmer switch 75 is not turned off when the next AC line voltage zero crossing; (4) a reverse dimmer switch 75 is not turned on after the first AC zero crossing; (5) the phase The angle α changes from a half cycle to the other half cycle with a sign of a different change, suggesting the presence of an oscillation. The stable operation of the dimmer switch 75 can be characterized by the opposite criteria, such as (non-limiting): (1) the dimmer switch 75 is turned on once during each half cycle; (2) the dimmer AC switch 75 is turned off at the zero crossing (oN); and / or (3) the phase angle _α changes monotonously. Using any of the various sensors 125, the controller 120 can be utilized to detect any of these features of an incorrect or correct action, such as utilizing a voltage sensor 125A to detect the indicator. Switch 75 conducts multiple voltage changes during a half cycle or does not turn off at the appropriate time, which is by way of example and not limitation.

Referring to Figure 19, the method begins (starting step 500), wherein the system 105 is powered up, such as by applying an AC voltage 35 to the dimmer switch 75, and wherein the adaptive interface circuit 115 is It is set to its preset level (step 505) such that a sufficient current level is drawn through the dimmer switch 75. The voltage or current level is monitored (step 510). When the voltage or current level indicates the presence of a dimmer switch (step 515), the method determines whether the dimmer switch is operating correctly or incorrectly, such as by detecting the presence of flicker (step 520). For example, a dimmer switch 75 can exist and also function properly, for example because other loads in parallel with the system 105 are present, with sufficient current drawn by all of the loads to maintain proper operation of the dimmer switch 75. In addition, different dimmer switches 75 may operate incorrectly (or correctly) at different holding or latching currents such that certain dimmer switches 75 may operate correctly for the same LED 140 while others The dimmer switch 75 does not operate properly, so detecting flicker may be necessary or desirable. Thus, when the method determines in step 520 that the dimmer switch 75 is operating incorrectly, such as by detecting the presence of flicker, the method adjusts the dimmer switch 75 from the selected interval. The current (step 525) is, for example, controlled by any of the various adaptive interface circuits discussed above and also as discussed below.

Another alternative can be utilized to reduce power consumption. When no dimmer switch 75 is present in step 515, or is operating properly in step 520, the controller 120 can be utilized to reduce the adaptive interface circuit 115 in its preset mode. The current (and power) drawn determines whether any adaptive interface circuit 115 with power consumption is active (step 530). If so, and if the dimmer switch 75 has not yet exhibited instability, an active adaptive interface circuit 115 can be selected, the current parameters of which are stored in the memory 160 (and if the dimmer switch 75 is then used to return when instability is present, and its power consumption is reduced (step 535), for example by reducing the amount of current through an adaptive interface circuit 115B, wherein, for example, these parameters are stored in memory 160. As the next parameter. The method then returns to step 205 and repeats, which continues to monitor voltage and/or current levels and thus provides current regulation. After steps 525, 530, or 535, when the method is continued (step 540), the method returns to step 510 and repeats, which continues to monitor voltage and/or current levels and thus provides current adjustment, otherwise (eg, when The system 105 is turned off) The method can end (return to step 545).

For example, in the example method utilizing dimmer state sensor 125C or voltage sensor 125A, the example device 100G detects the presence of a dimmer switch 75. When a dimmer switch 75 is detected, the controller 120 and one or more adaptive interface circuits (eg, 115B and 115D or any other of the depicted interface circuits) provide the following substantial match One or more of the electrical environments are provided to the dimmer switch 75: (1) providing a small matching impedance to the trigger circuit of the dimmer switch 75 using the adaptive interface circuit 115B controlled by the controller 120; When the boot strap circuit 115G is active and charging a V _CC capacitor (290), supporting a holding current greater than the dimmer switch 75, the boot strap circuit 115G thus also constitutes a control by the controller 120. The adaptive interface circuit 115; (3) also utilizes the adaptive interface circuit 115B controlled by the controller 120 to adjust the minimum power from the dimmer switch 75 at the gentle or soft start of the switched power supply 130; (4) also under the control of the controller 120, by maintaining (the switching power supply 130) duty cycle D close to 1 to provide a matching small impedance to the trigger circuit of the dimmer switch 75; And/or (5) during the resonance process, using adaptation One or more of the interface circuits 115D, 115E, 115F shape the current of the dimmer switch 75.

The controller 120 can be implemented using one or more controllers or other similar circuits, which are typically configured to compare the sensed output voltage and current levels with corresponding preset voltage and current values, The preset voltage and current values can be programmed and stored in the memory 160 or can be from the memory 160 (eg, via a lookup table) based on other sensed values (eg, sensed input voltage levels). obtain. After this comparison, an error signal or error level (eg, a difference between the sensed level and the preset level) is determined, and a corresponding feedback system is provided, for example, In a first mode, the on-time (on-time pulse width) of the power switch 285 is modulated by a selected switching frequency, or by a variable switching frequency (which is generally a substantially higher The frequency of the AC line frequency), and by modulating the peak current level in a second mode, increases or decreases the output voltage or current level.

Several novel features are implemented in embodiments of these devices 100 (and any of their variations 100A-100M), system 105 (and any of its variations 105A-105M), and controller 120. First, the adaptive interface circuit 115 independently enables operation of a phase modulated dimmer switch 75 without the undesirable blinking and premature startup problems of the prior art. Second, the adaptive interface circuit 115 provides control based on the combination of the state of the dimmer switch 75 and the state of the switched power supply 130. Third, a mode with input current shaping or controlled resonance is introduced during the turn-on of the dimmer switch 75. Fourth, a PWM control system is implemented as a first part of a two-part control method that has a dynamic and adjustable maximum duty cycle D _MAX based on the (sensed) input voltage. It has a theoretical dynamic range of zero to one hundred and eighty degrees and accommodates a wide range of possible varying input voltages. Fifth, a current pulse mode is implemented as a second part of the two-part control method with a variable and dynamically adjustable peak current level for the primary inductance The peak current level is either the output peak current level or a parameter up to a maximum volt-second value VSEC _MAX .

Additional advantages of exemplary embodiments of the invention are quite apparent. Embodiments of these examples allow solid state lighting, such as LEDs, to be utilized with currently existing lighting infrastructures and controlled by any of a variety of switches, such as phase modulated dimmer switches, which would otherwise cause serious Operational problems. Embodiments of these examples further allow for complex control of the output brightness or intensity of such solid state lighting, and can be implemented with fewer and relatively low cost components. Moreover, embodiments of the examples may be utilized in stand-alone solid state lighting systems, or may be utilized in parallel with other types of existing lighting systems, such as incandescent lamps. Embodiments of these examples can work with any high impedance load and/or any relatively low current drawn through a dimmer switch.

The various methods described above can also be combined in additional ways. For example, instead of dimmer detection, a series of components can be programmed to switch at a preset interval to accommodate a dimmer switch, or as described above with reference to Figures 9 and 10, the duty cycle can be switched. It is determined from input parameters such as the sensed input voltage level. In addition, when dimmer detection can be utilized, different strategies are available, such as blocking current to avoid capacitor charging, such as through a series current control element, or by providing a current bypass, such as through a Adaptive current control components.

A variety of control methods and alternative adaptive interface circuits 115 have been described to implement the proposed method of interfacing a dimmer switch and an exchange power supply by modulating the dimmer current and further borrowing The dimmer current is shaped by a resonant process. The disclosure is to be considered as an illustration of the principles of the invention and is not intended to In this regard, it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to the details of the structure and the configuration of the components as described in the foregoing and in the following descriptions. The method and apparatus in accordance with the present invention are capable of other embodiments and of various embodiments.

While the invention has been described herein with respect to the specific embodiments of the present invention, these embodiments are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. In the description herein, numerous specific details are set forth in connection with the electronic components, electronic and structural connections, materials, and structural differences in order to provide a clear understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, however, that the embodiments of the present invention can be practiced without any one or more of the specific details, or other devices, systems, assemblies, components, materials, components, and the like. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring the features of the embodiments of the invention. In addition, the figures are not drawn to scale and should not be construed as limiting.

Those with electronic skills will recognize that a variety of single or dual stage converters can be implemented in a variety of ways, such as flyback, buck, boost, and buck-boost, in addition to the converters already described. By way of example and not limitation, and operation in any number of modes (intermittent current mode, continuous current mode, and critical conduction mode), any and all of the foregoing are considered equivalent and within the scope of the present invention Inside.

The meaning of "one embodiment", "an embodiment", or a particular "embodiment" as used throughout the specification is a particular feature, structure, or feature described with respect to the embodiment. In at least one embodiment of the invention, it is not necessarily included in all embodiments, and further, it is not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics of any particular embodiment of the invention may be combined in any suitable manner and may be combined with any other embodiment in any suitable manner, including the use of selected features without corresponding use. Other features. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular application, situation, or material to the basic scope and spirit of the invention. It is to be understood that other variations and modifications of the embodiments of the invention described and illustrated herein may be made in accordance with the teachings herein, and such other variations and modifications are considered as part of the spirit and scope of the invention.

It will also be appreciated that one or more of the elements shown in the figures may be practiced in a more discrete or integrated manner, even in a particular situation, to remove them or render them inoperable. The application may be helpful. An integrally formed component assembly is also within the scope of the present invention, particularly for embodiments in which the separation or combination of discrete components is unclear or difficult to discern. In addition, the term "coupled" is used herein to include its various forms (eg, "coupling" or "couplable"), meaning and including Any direct or indirect electrical, structural, or magnetic coupling, connection or attachment, or adaptation or capability of such direct or indirect electrical, structural, or magnetic coupling, connection or attachment, including An integrally formed member and a member that is coupled through or via another member.

As used herein, for the purposes of the present invention, the term "LED" and its plural "multiple LEDs" shall be taken to include any electroluminescent diode or capable of generating radiation in response to an electrical signal. Other types of carrier-injection or junction-type systems, including but not limited to: various semiconductor or carbon-type structures that emit light in response to current or voltage, luminescent polymers, organic LEDs, etc., which comprise falling in the visible spectrum or Other wavelengths (such as ultraviolet or infrared), or any bandwidth, or have any color or color temperature.

A "controller" or "processor" 120 can be any type of controller or processor and can be embodied as one or more controllers 120 that are adapted, designed, programmed, or adapted to implement The features discussed in this article. When the term controller or processor is used herein, a controller 120 may include the use of a single integrated circuit (IC); or may include the use of multiple integrated circuits that are connected, configured, or clustered together or Other components, such as: multiple controllers, multiple microprocessors, multiple digital signal processors (DSPs), multiple parallel processors, multiple multi-core processors, multiple custom ICs, multiple application-specific products An integrated circuit (ASIC), a plurality of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), a plurality of adaptive computing ICs, associated memory (eg, RAM, DRAM, and ROM), and a plurality of other ICs and components. Therefore, as used herein, the term controller (or processor) should be understood to mean equivalent and include a single IC, or multiple custom ICs, multiple ASICs, multiple processors, multiple A configuration consisting of a microprocessor, multiple controllers, multiple FPGAs, multiple adaptive computing ICs, or a specific other cluster of multiple integrated circuits that will implement the functions discussed below, which will have associated Memory, for example, microprocessor memory or additional RAM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, ROM, FLASH, EPROM, or E ² PROM. As discussed below, a controller (or processor) (eg, controllers 160, 260) and its associated memory can be adapted or configured (via stylized, FPGA interconnected, or hard-wiring) )) to carry out the method of the invention. For example, the method can be programmed and stored in a controller 120 having its associated memory (and/or memory 160) and other equivalent components, becoming a set of program instructions or other encodings ( Or an equivalent configuration or other program) for subsequent execution when the processor is operating (ie, powered on and operating). Similarly, when the controller 120 can be implemented in whole or in part on FPGAs, custom ICs, and/or ASICs, the FPGAs, custom ICs, or ASICs can also be designed, configured, and/or hard wound. The wire is used to carry out the method of the invention. For example, the controller 120 can be configured to be composed of a plurality of controllers, a plurality of microprocessors, a plurality of DSPs, and/or a plurality of ASICs, all of which are collectively referred to as a "controller". The methods of the present invention are implemented separately, programmed, adapted, or configured to fit a memory 160.

The memory 160 can include a data store (or database) that can be embodied in any number of forms, including memory devices in any computer or other machine readable data storage medium, or currently Other storage or communication devices that are known or used in the future to store information or exchange information, including but not limited to: a memory volume circuit (IC) or a memory portion of an integrated circuit (eg, located in a controller) 120 or resident memory in the processor IC), whether volatile or non-volatile, whether removable or non-removable, including but not limited to RAM, FLASH, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, FeRAM, ROM , EPROM, or E ² PROM, or any other form of memory device, such as a magnetic hard drive, optical drive, magnetic or tape drive, hard drive, other machine readable storage or memory media, such as : floppy disk, CDROM, CD-RW, digital versatile disc (DVD), or other optical memory, or any other type of memory, storage media, or data storage device known or to be known Or circuit An end view on the embodiment chosen. In addition, the computer readable medium includes computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other embodied in a data signal or modulated signal (eg, electromagnetic or optical carrier or other transmission mechanism). Any form of communication medium containing any information delivery medium that can encode data or other information in a signal, including electromagnetic signals, optical signals, sound signals, RF signals, or infrared signals, in a wired or wireless manner, ...Wait. The memory 160 can be adapted to store various lookup tables, parameters, coefficients, other information and materials, programs or instructions (of the software of the present invention), and other types of forms (eg, database tables).

As described above, for example, the controller 120 is programmed to implement the method of the present invention using the software and data structures of the present invention. Thus, the systems and methods of the present invention can be embodied in software that provides such stylized instructions or other instructions, such as a set of instructions and/or metadata embodied in a computer readable medium. Its discussion is as above. In addition, metadata can be used to define a lookup table or a variety of data structures for a database. For example, but without any limitation, the form of the software may be a source code or a destination code. The source code can be further compiled into some form of instruction or destination code (which contains combined language instructions or configuration information). The software, source code, or metadata of the present invention can be embodied in any type of encoding, such as C, C++, SystemC, LISA, XML, Java, Brew, SQL, and variations thereof (for example, SQL 99 or Is a licensed version of SQL), DB2, Oracle, or any other type of programming language used to implement the functions discussed in this article, including various hardware-defined or hardware-emulated languages (for example, Verilog, VHDL, RTL) And the generated database file (for example, GDSII). Therefore, the equivalents of "construct", "program construct", "software construct", or "software" as used herein, are meant to mean any stylized language of any kind with any grammar or signature, provided or It is interpreted to provide the associated function or method specified (for example, when it is referenced or loaded into a processor or computer containing the controller 160, 260 and executed).

The software, metadata, or other source code of the present invention, as well as any generated bitfiles (destination code, database, or lookup table), may be embodied in any physical storage medium (eg, any computer or other machine may be The read data storage medium becomes a computer readable command, data structure, program module, or other material, for example, as discussed above in connection with the memory 160, for example, a floppy disk, a CDROM, a CD- RW, DVD, magnetic hard drive, optical drive, or any other type of data storage device or media, as described above.

In the previous description and in the drawings, the sense resistors are shown in the example configuration and location; however, those skilled in the art will recognize that other types and configurations of sensors can also be utilized. And the sensor can be placed in other locations. Alternate sensor configurations and settings are also within the scope of the present invention.

As used herein, the term "DC" refers to a fluctuating DC (eg, derived from rectified AC) and a fixed voltage DC (eg, from a battery, a voltage regulator, or a capacitor for power filtering). . As used herein, the term "AC" means having any waveform (sinusoidal, sinusoidal, rectified, sinusoidal, square, rectangular, triangular, sawtooth, irregular, etc.) and has any Any form of AC offset, and may include any change, such as a chop or a forward or reverse phase modulated AC, such as from a dimmer switch.

By sensor, we mean here a parameter that "represents" a particular metric or a "representative" parameter of a particular metric, where a metric is a state of the regulator or at least part of its input or output. Measurement. If a parameter is directly related to a metric, adjusting the parameter satisfactorily adjusts the metric, then the parameter is considered to represent the metric. For example, the measurement of LED current can be represented by an inductor current because they are similar and because the inductor current is adjusted to satisfactorily adjust the LED current. If a parameter is a multiple or fraction of a metric, then the parameter can be considered an acceptable representation of the metric. It will be noted that a parameter may actually be a voltage, but still represents a current value. For example, the voltage across a sense resistor "represents" the current through the resistor.

In the description of the previously exemplified embodiment and in the diagram in which the diode is shown, it will be appreciated that a synchronous diode or a synchronous rectifier (eg, switching on and off by a control signal) Relays or MOSFETs or other transistors) or other types of diodes can be utilized in place of the standard diodes within the scope of the present invention. The exemplary embodiment presented herein generally produces an output voltage that is positive with respect to ground; however, the teachings of the present invention are also applicable to power converters that generate a negative output voltage, wherein the complementary topology can be reversed by a semiconductor And the polarity of other polarized components to construct.

For ease of illustration and description, a transformer such as transformer 280 is referred to as a "transformer", although in the exemplary embodiment it acts as an inductor in many respects. Similarly, the inductor can be replaced by a transformer under suitable conditions using methods known in the art. Transformers and inductors are said to be "inductive" or "magnetic" elements in which it is recognized that they perform similar functions and are interchangeable within the scope of the present invention.

In addition, any signal arrows in the drawings should be considered as illustrative and not limiting unless otherwise indicated. Combinations of components or steps will also be considered within the scope of the invention, particularly where the ability to separate or combine is ambiguous or foreseeable. As used herein and throughout the scope of the appended claims, the <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; "the meaning of). &quot;an&quot; and &quot;the&quot; are used in the <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; Also, as used herein, the meaning of "in", "in", "in", "in" and "in".

The above description of the illustrated embodiments of the present invention, including the description of the present invention, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention. It is to be understood that the various changes, modifications and alternatives are intended to be It will be appreciated that any limitations that are not related to the particular methods and apparatus described herein are intended or should be inferred. It is true that the scope of the patent application is intended to cover all such modifications as fall within the scope of the patent application.

15. . . Filter capacitor

20. . . Full wave rectifier

35. . . AC line

40. . . Inductor

45. . . Capacitor

50. . . Current regulator

70. . . Gate

75. . . Dimmer switch

76. . . Resistor

77. . . Capacitor

80. . . Three-terminal AC switch

81. . . Z _LOAD

85. . . Two-terminal AC switch

90. . . Switch offline LED driver

91. . . Point arc

92. . . 4 cycles at 60 Hz

93. . . Unreached voltage

94. . . Enabled voltage

95. . . Other load

100. . . Device

100A~100M. . . Device

105. . . system

105A~105M. . . system

110. . . Rectifier

110A. . . Bridge rectifier

115. . . Adaptive interface

115A~115L. . . Adaptive interface

115G. . . Operating voltage bootstrap circuit

120,120A. . . Controller

125. . . Sensor

125A. . . Voltage sensor

125B. . . Current sensor

125B1~125B2. . . Current sensor

125C. . . Dimmer state sensor

130,130A. . . Switched power supply

140. . . led

160. . . Memory

195. . . Resonant process interface circuit

200. . . Start interface circuit

202,203. . . Resistor

205. . . switch

207,208. . . Resistor

210. . . Soft start power interface circuit

211. . . Zener diode

212,213. . . Resistor

215. . . switch

220. . . Fully operating interface circuit

230. . . Protection mode interface circuit

235,235A. . . Capacitor

236. . . Inductor

237~239. . . Resistor

240. . . switch

241. . . Zener diode

242. . . Barrier diode

250. . . switch

251. . . Resistor

252. . . Click circuit

253~254. . . Resistor

255. . . Operational Amplifier

256. . . Capacitor

260. . . Resistor

261. . . Differentiator

270. . . Inductor

271. . . Capacitor

272,273. . . Resistor

274,278. . . Zener diode

275. . . switch

276. . . Capacitor

277. . . Dipole

280. . . Flyback transformer

285. . . switch

286,287. . . Dipole

288. . . Capacitor

290. . . V _CC square

295. . . Resistor

300~336. . . step

400~435. . . step

440. . . Resistor

445. . . Capacitor

446,447. . . Resistor

450. . . Dipole

455,455A. . . switch

460~465. . . Capacitor

470~480. . . Resistor

485. . . Connection

500~545. . . step

611. . . Peak current waveform

612. . . Voltage waveform

615. . . Current waveform

616. . . Modeled transient voltage waveform

620. . . Current waveform

621. . . Modeled transient voltage waveform

622. . . Current waveform

623. . . Modeled voltage waveform

630. . . Current waveform

631. . . Voltage waveform

632. . . Current waveform

640,641. . . Current waveform

642. . . Voltage waveform

701~710. . . Resistor

711~713. . . Dipole

714~715. . . Zener diode

720. . . Transistor

725~740. . . switch

745~747. . . line

800,800A. . . Chopper cancellation circuit

805~810. . . Transistor

815. . . Transfer transistor

820,825. . . Zener diode

830~835. . . Resistor

840. . . Capacitor

845~860. . . Resistor

865~880. . . node

The objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be more readily understood by reference to the <RTI ID=0.0> </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; The symbolic symbol of the symbol is used to identify additional types, illustrations, or variations of a selected component embodiment of the various views, where:

1 is a circuit diagram depicting a conventional current regulator.

2 is a circuit diagram depicting a representative prior art dimmer switch.

Figure 3 is a waveform diagram depicting the phase-modulated output voltage from a standard phase-modulated dimmer switch.

4 is a waveform diagram depicting the output voltage from a phase modulation of a reverse phase modulation dimmer switch.

Figure 5 is a high level block and circuit diagram depicting a current regulator (or converter) of the prior art.

6 is a waveform diagram depicting a three-terminal AC switching voltage having a sub-harmonic starting frequency that causes a perceived LED flicker in a conventional current regulator coupled to a dimmer switch.

7 is a waveform depicting a three-terminal AC switching voltage having a 20K ohm load in a conventional current regulator coupled to a dimmer switch and depicting a premature start that causes a perceived LED flicker. Figure.

8 is a block diagram depicting an embodiment of an apparatus in accordance with a first example of the teachings of the present invention and a system embodiment of a first example.

9 is a block diagram depicting an embodiment of an apparatus in accordance with a second example of the teachings of the present invention, a system embodiment of a second example, and an adaptive interface embodiment of a second example.

10 is a flow chart depicting an embodiment of a method in accordance with a first example of the teachings of the present invention.

11 is a block diagram and circuit diagram depicting an apparatus embodiment, a third exemplary system embodiment, and a third exemplary adaptive interface embodiment in accordance with one of the teachings of the present invention.

Figure 12 is a block diagram and circuit diagram depicting an embodiment of an apparatus, a system embodiment of a fourth example, and a fourth exemplary embodiment of an adaptive interface in accordance with one of the teachings of the present invention.

13 is a diagram of an example of switching of a dimmer switch, an exemplary adaptive interface embodiment, power to an exemplary switched power supply, and an exemplary adaptive interface power in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Show timing diagram.

14 is a block diagram and circuit diagram depicting an apparatus embodiment, a fifth exemplary system embodiment, and a fifth exemplary adaptive interface embodiment in accordance with one fifth embodiment of the teachings of the present invention.

15 is a block diagram and circuit diagram depicting an embodiment of a device, a system embodiment of a sixth example, and a sixth example of an adaptive interface embodiment in accordance with one sixth embodiment of the present teachings.

16 is a block diagram and circuit diagram depicting an embodiment of a device in accordance with a seventh example of the present teachings, a system embodiment of a seventh example, and an adaptive interface embodiment of a seventh example.

Figure 17 is a block diagram and circuit diagram depicting an embodiment of an apparatus according to an eighth example of the teachings of the present invention and an embodiment of an eighth example.

18 is a flow chart depicting an embodiment of a method in accordance with a second example of the teachings of the present invention.

19 is a flow chart depicting an embodiment of a method in accordance with a third example of the teachings of the present invention.

Figure 20 is a waveform diagram depicting transient voltage and current waveforms for an example of a switch conducting in a resonant mode.

21 is a modeled transient voltage and current depicting an embodiment of a device according to a fifth example of the teachings of the present invention, a system embodiment of a fifth example, and an example of an adaptive interface embodiment of a fifth example. Waveform of the waveform.

22 is a modeled transient voltage and current depicting an embodiment of a device according to a sixth example of the teachings of the present invention, a system embodiment of a sixth example, and an example of an adaptive interface embodiment of a sixth example. Waveform of the waveform.

23 is a modeled transient voltage and current depicting an embodiment of a seventh example, a system embodiment of a seventh example, and an example of an adaptive interface embodiment of a seventh example, in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Waveform of the waveform.

Figure 24 is a block diagram and circuit diagram depicting an embodiment of an apparatus according to a ninth example of the teachings of the present invention, a system embodiment of a ninth example, and an adaptive interface embodiment of an eighth example.

25 is a modeled transient current waveform depicting an example of an apparatus embodiment, a system embodiment of a ninth example, and an adaptive interface embodiment of an eighth example, in accordance with one of the teachings of the ninth example of the present teachings. Waveform diagram.

26 is a block diagram and circuit diagram depicting an apparatus embodiment, a system embodiment of a tenth example, and an adaptive interface embodiment of a ninth example, in accordance with one tenth example of the teachings of the present invention.

27 is a modeled transient voltage and current depicting an embodiment of a device according to a tenth example, a system embodiment of a tenth example, and an example of an adaptive interface embodiment of a ninth example, in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. Waveform of the waveform.

Figure 28 is a block diagram and circuit diagram depicting an embodiment of an apparatus according to an eleventh example of the teachings of the present invention, a system embodiment of an eleventh example, and an adaptive interface embodiment of a tenth example.

29 is a block diagram and circuit diagram depicting an embodiment of a device according to a twelfth example of the teachings of the present invention, a system embodiment of a twelfth example, and an adaptive interface embodiment of an eleventh example.

Figure 30 is a block diagram and circuit diagram depicting an embodiment of a device according to a thirteenth example of the teachings of the present invention and a system embodiment of a thirteenth example.

31 is a block diagram and circuit diagram depicting an embodiment of a chopping cancellation circuit in accordance with one example of the teachings of the present invention.

100L. . . Device

105L. . . system

110. . . Rectifier

115L. . . Adaptive interface

120. . . Controller

130. . . Switched power supply

140. . . led

160. . . Memory

460. . . Capacitor

470~475. . . Resistor

701~710. . . Resistor

711~713. . . Dipole

714~715. . . Zener diode

720. . . Transistor

725~740. . . switch

745~747. . . line

Claims (81)

A device for power conversion, the device can be coupled to a first phase modulation dimmer switch coupled to an alternating current (AC) power source, the device can be coupled to a solid state illumination, the device includes: An exchangeable power supply; a first adaptive interface circuit comprising an at least partially resistive impedance to conduct current from the first switch in a predetermined mode; a second adaptive interface circuit, The system is configured to generate a resonance process when the first switch is turned on; and a chopping cancellation circuit. The device of claim 1, further comprising: a third adaptive interface circuit for modulating a current of the first switch during the resonant process of the switched power supply. The device of claim 1, further comprising: a controller coupled to the second switch, the first adaptive interface circuit, and the second adaptive interface circuit, and when the first switch When turned on, the controller modulates the second adaptive interface circuit to provide a current path during the resonant process of the switched power supply. The device of claim 3, wherein the controller further modulates the second adaptive interface circuit to modulate a current of the first switch during the resonant process of the switched power supply. The device of claim 1, wherein the first adaptive interface circuit It includes a resistor. The device of claim 5, wherein the first adaptive interface circuit further comprises a diode coupled in parallel with the resistor. The device of claim 5, wherein the second adaptive interface circuit comprises: an inductor coupled to the resistor; and a capacitor coupled in series to the resistor. The device of claim 1, wherein the first adaptive interface circuit and the second adaptive interface circuit comprise: an inductor; a resistor coupled to the inductor; a series coupling to the a capacitor of the resistor; and a diode coupled in parallel with the resistor and further coupled to the inductor. The device of claim 8, further comprising: a filter capacitor coupled in parallel with the series coupled resistor and capacitor. The device of claim 1, wherein the solid state illumination is one or more light emitting diodes. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is coupled to the first switch via a rectifier. The device of claim 1, wherein the chopping elimination circuit comprises: a differential amplifier comprising a first transistor and a second transistor; a transfer transistor coupled to the differential amplifier; a first Zener diode coupled to the first transistor; and a second Zener diode coupled to the second transistor. The device of claim 12, wherein the chopping cancellation circuit further comprises: a low pass filter coupled to the first transistor. A system for power conversion, the system can be coupled to a first switch coupled to an alternating current (AC) power supply, the system comprising: a switched power supply; coupled to the switched power supply Solid state lighting; a first adaptive interface circuit comprising an at least partially resistive impedance to conduct current from the first switch in a predetermined mode; a second adaptive interface circuit for use To generate a resonance process when the first switch is turned on; and a chopping cancellation circuit. The system of claim 14, wherein the first open relationship is a phase modulation dimmer switch. The system of claim 14, further comprising: a third adaptive interface circuit for modulating a current of the first switch during the resonant process of the switched power supply. The system of claim 14, further comprising: a controller coupled to the second switch, the first adaptive interface circuit, and the second adaptive interface circuit, and when the first switch When turned on, the control The second adaptive interface circuit is modulated to provide a current path during the resonant process of the switched power supply. The system of claim 17 wherein the controller further modulates the second adaptive interface circuit to modulate a current of the first switch during the resonant process of the switched power supply. The system of claim 14, wherein the first adaptive interface circuit comprises a resistor. The system of claim 19, wherein the first adaptive interface circuit further comprises a diode coupled in parallel with the resistor. The system of claim 14, wherein the second adaptive interface circuit comprises: an inductor coupled to the resistor; and a capacitor coupled in series to the resistor. The system of claim 14, wherein the first adaptive interface circuit and the second adaptive interface circuit comprise: an inductor; a resistor coupled to the inductor; a series coupled to the a capacitor of the resistor; and a diode coupled in parallel with the resistor and further coupled to the inductor. The system of claim 22, further comprising: a filter capacitor coupled in parallel with the series coupled resistor and capacitor. The system of claim 14, wherein the solid state lighting is one or more Light-emitting diodes. The system of claim 14, further comprising a rectifier coupleable to the first switch. The system of claim 14, wherein the chopping cancellation circuit comprises: a differential amplifier comprising a first transistor and a second transistor; and a transfer transistor coupled to the differential amplifier; a first Zener diode coupled to the first transistor; and a second Zener diode coupled to the second transistor. The system of claim 26, wherein the chopping cancellation circuit further comprises: a low pass filter coupled to the first transistor. A device for power conversion, the device can be coupled to a first phase modulation dimmer switch coupled to an alternating current (AC) power source, the device can be coupled to a solid state illumination, the device includes: a switched power supply device; a first adaptive interface circuit comprising a resistive impedance coupled in series to a reactive impedance to conduct current from the first switch in a predetermined mode at a first And a second adaptive interface circuit including a second switch coupled to the reactive impedance to conduct current from the first switch in a second current path, the first and second The adaptive interface circuit further oscillates oscillations when the first switch is turned on. For example, the device of claim 28 of the patent scope further includes: A controller coupled to the second switch, and when the first switch is turned on, the controller modulates the second switch to provide the second current path during the damped oscillation. The device of claim 29, wherein the controller further modulates the second adaptive interface circuit to modulate a current of the first switch during the damped oscillation process. The device of claim 28, wherein the first adaptive interface circuit comprises a first resistor coupled in series to a first capacitor. The device of claim 31, wherein the second open relationship comprises a transistor, and wherein the second adaptive interface circuit further comprises the transistor coupled in series to the first capacitor. The device of claim 28, wherein the second adaptive interface circuit further comprises: a voltage divider comprising a second resistor coupled in series to a third resistor, the second and third resistors The device is further coupled to a gate of the transistor; and a capacitor coupled in parallel with the third resistor. The device of claim 28, wherein the solid state illumination is one or more light emitting diodes. The device of claim 28, wherein the device is coupled to the first switch via a rectifier. The device of claim 28, further comprising a chopping cancellation circuit. Such as the device of claim 36, wherein the chopper cancellation circuit package The invention comprises: a differential amplifier comprising a first transistor and a second transistor; a transfer transistor coupled to the differential amplifier; and a first Zener diode coupled to the first transistor And a second Zener diode coupled to the second transistor. The device of claim 37, wherein the chopping cancellation circuit further comprises: a low pass filter coupled to the first transistor. A system for power conversion, the system can be coupled to a first switch coupled to an alternating current (AC) power supply, the system comprising: a switched power supply; coupled to the switched power supply Solid state lighting; a first adaptive interface circuit comprising a resistive impedance coupled in series to a reactive impedance to conduct current from the first switch in a predetermined mode in a first current path And a second adaptive interface circuit including a second switch coupled to the reactive impedance to conduct current from the first switch in a second current path, the first and second adaptive The interface circuit further oscillates oscillations when the first switch is turned on. The system of claim 39, wherein the first open relationship is a phase modulation dimmer switch. The system of claim 39, further comprising: a controller coupled to the second switch, the first adaptive interface circuit, and the second adaptive interface circuit, and when the first switch When turned on, the control The second adaptive interface circuit is modulated to provide a current path during the damped oscillation. The system of claim 39, wherein the controller further modulates the second adaptive interface circuit to modulate a current of the first switch during the damped oscillation process. The system of claim 39, wherein the first adaptive interface circuit comprises a first resistor coupled in series to a first capacitor. The system of claim 43, wherein the second open relationship comprises a transistor, and wherein the second adaptive interface circuit further comprises the transistor coupled in series to the first capacitor. The system of claim 44, wherein the second adaptive interface circuit further comprises: a voltage divider comprising a second resistor coupled in series to a third resistor, the second and third resistors The device is further coupled to a gate of the transistor; and a capacitor coupled in parallel with the third resistor. A system of claim 39, wherein the solid state illumination is one or more light emitting diodes. A system of claim 39, further comprising a rectifier coupleable to the first switch. A system as claimed in claim 39, further comprising a chopping cancellation circuit. The system of claim 48, wherein the chopping cancellation circuit comprises: a differential amplifier including a first transistor and a second transistor; a transfer transistor coupled to the differential amplifier; a first Zener diode coupled to the first transistor; A second Zener diode coupled to the second transistor. The system of claim 49, wherein the chopping cancellation circuit further comprises: a low pass filter coupled to the first transistor. A device for power conversion, the device can be coupled to a first phase modulation dimmer switch coupled to an alternating current (AC) power source, the device can be coupled to a solid state illumination, the device includes: An switched power supply; and an adaptive interface circuit comprising a resistive impedance coupled in series to a reactive impedance to conduct current from the first switch in a predetermined mode in a first current path And further comprising a second switch coupled to the reactive impedance to conduct current from the first switch in a second current path, the adaptive interface circuit further damping oscillation when the first switch is turned on. The device of claim 51, further comprising: a controller coupled to the second switch, and when the first switch is turned on, the controller modulates the second switch to This second current path is provided during the oscillating oscillation. The device of claim 51, wherein the adaptive interface circuit comprises a first resistor coupled in series to a first capacitor. The device of claim 53, wherein the second open relationship includes one A transistor, and wherein the adaptive interface circuit further comprises the transistor coupled in series to the first capacitor. The device of claim 54, wherein the adaptive interface circuit further comprises: a voltage divider comprising a second resistor coupled in series to a third resistor, the second and third resistors further a gate coupled to the transistor; and a capacitor coupled in parallel with the third resistor. The device of claim 51, wherein the solid state illumination is one or more light emitting diodes. The device of claim 51, wherein the device further comprises a rectifier coupleable to the first switch. The device of claim 51, further comprising a chopping cancellation circuit. The apparatus of claim 58 wherein the chopping cancellation circuit comprises: a differential amplifier comprising a first transistor and a second transistor; and a transfer transistor coupled to the differential amplifier; a first Zener diode coupled to the first transistor; and a second Zener diode coupled to the second transistor. The device of claim 59, wherein the chopping cancellation circuit further comprises: a low pass filter coupled to the first transistor. A device for power conversion, the device can be coupled to a coupled to a cross a first phase modulation dimmer switch of the current (AC) power source, the device being coupled to a solid state illumination, wherein the device comprises: a switched power supply; a first switchable adaptive interface circuit, The first resistive impedance is coupled in series to a second switch and a reactive impedance, when the first switch is in an off state or when the switching power supply is in a dynamic mode Conducting a current from the first switch in a first current path in a predetermined mode; and a second switchable adaptive interface circuit including a second resistive coupled in series to a third switch Impedance to conduct current from the first switch in a second current path when the switched power supply is in a full operating mode. The device of claim 61, wherein the first adaptive interface circuit comprises a first resistor coupled in series to the second switch, the second open relationship being coupled to a first coupled The first diode of the capacitor. The device of claim 61, wherein the second open relationship comprises a first transistor having a gate coupled to the third switch. The device of claim 63, wherein the second adaptive interface circuit comprises a second resistor coupled in series to the third switch and further coupled to a gate of the first transistor. The device of claim 61, further comprising: a sensor; and a fourth switch coupled to the sensor and the third switch. The device of claim 65, wherein the sensor comprises: a transistor having a diode coupled to the fourth switch through a diode And a voltage divider comprising a third resistor coupled in series to a fourth resistor, the second and third resistors being further coupled to a base of the transistor. The device of claim 61, wherein the solid state illumination is one or more light emitting diodes. The device of claim 61, wherein the device is coupled to the first switch via a rectifier. The device of claim 61, further comprising a chopping cancellation circuit. The apparatus of claim 69, wherein the chopping elimination circuit comprises: a differential amplifier including a first transistor and a second transistor; and a transfer transistor coupled to the differential amplifier; a first Zener diode coupled to the first transistor; and a second Zener diode coupled to the second transistor. The device of claim 70, wherein the chopping cancellation circuit further comprises: a low pass filter coupled to the first transistor. A system for power conversion, the system can be coupled to a first phase modulation dimmer switch coupled to an alternating current (AC) power supply, the system comprising: a switching power supply; a coupling to a chopping cancellation circuit of the switching power supply; solid state illumination coupled to the chopping cancellation circuit; a first switchable adaptive interface circuit includes a first resistive impedance coupled in series to a second switch and a reactive impedance to be in an off state or in the first switch When the switched power supply is in the active mode, the current is conducted from the first switch in a first current path in a predetermined mode; and a second switchable adaptive interface circuit includes a series connection And a second resistive impedance coupled to a third switch to conduct current from the first switch in a second current path when the switched power supply is in a full operating mode. The system of claim 72, wherein the first adaptive interface circuit comprises a first resistor coupled in series to the second switch, the second open relationship being coupled to a first coupled The first diode of the capacitor. The system of claim 72, wherein the second open relationship comprises a first transistor having a gate coupled to the third switch. The system of claim 74, wherein the second adaptive interface circuit comprises a second resistor coupled in series to the third switch and further coupled to a gate of the first transistor. The system of claim 72, further comprising: a sensor; and a fourth switch coupled to the sensor and the third switch. The system of claim 76, wherein the sensor comprises: a transistor having a collector coupled to the fourth switch through a diode; and a voltage divider The third resistor is coupled to a fourth resistor, and the second and third resistors are further coupled to a base of the transistor. A system as claimed in claim 72, wherein the solid state illumination is one or more light emitting diodes. The system of claim 72, wherein the device is coupled to the first switch via a rectifier. The system of claim 72, wherein the chopping cancellation circuit comprises: a differential amplifier including a first transistor and a second transistor; and a transfer transistor coupled to the differential amplifier; a first Zener diode coupled to the first transistor; and a second Zener diode coupled to the second transistor. The system of claim 80, wherein the chopping cancellation circuit further comprises: a low pass filter coupled to the first transistor.