13.33321 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種電動機之控制裝置，在換流器（ inverter)電路中，以藉由1個過電流檢測用阻抗來檢測 出3相（U相.V相.W相）的合成電流的方式，藉著微 電腦內部演算來推定出磁極位置後，於通常驅動時，以無 位置感測器驅動方式來進行180度通電控制（正弦波調變 【先前技術】 具備有永久磁鐵旋轉子與固定子繞線的永久磁鐵同步 馬達，因爲高效率的緣故而多用於空調等的家電製品。該 永久磁鐵同步馬達的驅動控制，是有必要使旋轉子的磁極 位置與馬達電流的相位緊密地產生關連來進行。近年來， 馬達控制的高效率化不斷在進步，不用去使用霍爾元件等 轉子位置檢測感測器來進行轉子磁極位置檢測，而是採用 透過1個過電流檢測用並聯阻抗來進行電流檢測，且在微 電腦內部做A/D變換，藉此推定磁極位置，藉由180度 通電方式來驅動馬達之無位置檢測器驅動方式。 但是，在洗衣機方面，當控制系統發生特定的異常的 時候，會暫時停止藉由換流器（inverter)所致的馬達驅 動，但是若之後再度開始控制，同步馬達因慣性而旋轉， 使得無法特定轉子的磁極位置。爲了解決這樣的問題，於 專利文獻1中記載有，經由設置馬達的磁極位置感測器的 -5- 1333321 方式，來檢測出位置，得以進行藉由換流器所致的驅動。 另一方面’於該專利文獻1中亦記載有關於未設有磁 極位置感測器之無感測器驅動方式。其記載著：當陷入如 上述般的狀態時，利用藉由旋轉子所具有的慣性而不會很 快地降低旋轉速度的方式，來記憶發生異常瞬前的旋轉頻 率，使用該位置讓運轉再度開始。 [專利文獻1]日本特開2005-6453號公報 【發明內容】 [發明欲解決之課題] 但是，若爲驅動設在空調機器的室外機的室外風扇的 同步電動機時，是有在換流器所致的馬達啓動前因爲風使 得風扇任意旋轉的狀況。於這樣的情況下，若將電動機的 驅動利用以1個並聯阻抗來推定出磁極位置之無感測器向 量控制來進行的話，該磁極位置的推定，是以邏輯的方式 來導出從換流器所進行切換時序到現在流動在並聯阻抗的 電流是如何的流動的控制的緣故，當在換流器的切換元件 未作開始關閉（ΟΝ/OFF )的狀態下，並無法特定出因電 動機的感應電壓所致的電流是爲如何的電流。又，如同以 往技術，並非在瞬前亦執行換流器所致的馬達控制，因此 讀入瞬前的旋轉頻率來進行推定是不可能的。 爲了提升馬達效率而使用霍爾元件，進行位置檢測來 進行控制、或以在（U相· V相· W相）3相各相設有並 聯阻抗的方式來進行180度通電方式時，由於必須有3個 -6- 133332113.33321 IX. Description of the Invention The present invention relates to a control device for an electric motor in which an inverter is detected by an impedance of an overcurrent detection in an inverter circuit. Phase V phase. W phase) The method of synthesizing the current, after the magnetic pole position is estimated by the internal calculation of the microcomputer, the 180-degree energization control (sine wave modulation) is performed by the position sensorless driving method during normal driving. [Prior Art] A permanent magnet synchronous motor including a permanent magnet rotor and a stator winding is used for household appliances such as air conditioners because of high efficiency. The drive control of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is necessary to make the rotor The magnetic pole position is closely related to the phase of the motor current. In recent years, the efficiency of motor control has been increasing, and it is not necessary to use a rotor position detecting sensor such as a Hall element for detecting the rotor magnetic pole position, but Current detection is performed by using a parallel impedance for one overcurrent detection, and A/D conversion is performed inside the microcomputer to estimate the magnetic Position, the position-free detector driving method for driving the motor by the 180-degree energization method. However, in the washing machine, when a certain abnormality occurs in the control system, the motor caused by the inverter is temporarily stopped. When the control is started again, the synchronous motor rotates due to the inertia, so that the magnetic pole position of the rotor cannot be specified. In order to solve such a problem, Patent Document 1 discloses that the magnetic pole position sensor via the motor is provided. In the method of detecting the position, the driving by the inverter is performed. On the other hand, the patent document 1 also discloses a sensorless driving method in which the magnetic pole position sensor is not provided. It is described that when the state is as described above, the rotation frequency of the abnormal moment is stored by using the inertia of the rotator without rapidly reducing the rotation speed, and the operation is performed using the position. [Patent Document 1] JP-A-2005-6453 [Summary of the Invention] [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, if it is a drive device In the synchronous motor of the outdoor fan of the outdoor unit of the air conditioner, there is a situation in which the fan is arbitrarily rotated by the wind before the motor is started by the inverter. In this case, if the drive of the motor is used in parallel The impedance is estimated by the sensorless vector control of the magnetic pole position, and the estimation of the magnetic pole position is to logically derive the flow from the switching timing of the inverter to the current flowing in the parallel impedance. For the sake of control, when the switching element of the inverter is not turned off (ΟΝ/OFF), it is impossible to specify the current due to the induced voltage of the motor. It is not necessary to perform the motor control by the inverter before the moment, so it is impossible to read the instantaneous rotation frequency to make the estimation. In order to improve the motor efficiency, the Hall element is used to perform position detection for control, or to perform a 180-degree energization method in such a manner that a parallel impedance is provided in each of the three phases of the U phase, the V phase, and the W phase. There are 3-6-134331
並聯阻抗與3個電流檢測電路’因此零件的數量會大幅增 加，馬達控制系統會變得較爲昂貴’且需要較爲寬敞的安 裝空間。 本發明的目的係提供—種有關於使用在具有因爲外部 亂源讓馬達任意地旋轉之可能性的用途方面的馬達’亦把 (U相· V相· W相）3相各相的合成電流利用1個過電 流檢測用並聯阻抗來檢測，藉此可以適用1 80度通電方式 之電動機之控制裝置。 [爲解決課題之手段] 上述的目的是利用了下述內容而達成：形成爲一種電 動機之控制裝置，其在由複數個切換元件所構成的換流器 (inverter )、利用該換流器所驅動的電動機、設於前述 換流器的直流側的阻抗、以及根據施加在該阻抗的電壓變 化，來檢測前述電動機的轉子磁極位置之電動機之控制裝 置中，設有檢測前述電動機的線間電壓之手段。 又上述的目的亦是利用了下述內容而達成：形成爲一 種電動機之控制裝置，其在由複數個切換元件所構成的換 流器、利用該換流器所驅動的電動機、設於前述換流器的 直流側的阻抗、以及根據施加於該阻抗的電壓變化，來檢 測前述電動機的轉子磁極位置之電動機之控制裝置冲，設 有檢測前述電動機的線間電壓之手段，在藉由前述換流器 的切換所致的前述電動機的驅動之前，檢測前述電動機的 轉子的旋轉方向、旋轉速度、及磁極位置。 1333321 [發明效果] 藉由本發明，可提供一種關於使用在具有因爲外部亂 源讓馬達任意地旋轉之可能性的用途方面的馬達，亦可把 (U相· V相· W相）3相各相的合成電流利用1個過電 流檢測用並聯阻抗來檢測，藉此可以適用180度通電方式 之電動機之控制裝置。 【實施方式】 以下，將使用本發明之永久磁鐵同步馬達之馬達控制 裝置的實施例，用以圖1〜圖5來說明之。 在表示空調機器的室外機之圖2中，室外機因爲設置 於屋外的緣故使得會曝露在風中。爲此，即使沒有驅動風 扇馬達8，風扇7亦會因風向而正轉或是逆轉，而依風速 以各種旋轉數進行旋轉。The parallel impedance and the three current-sense circuits' therefore increase the number of parts, the motor control system becomes more expensive' and requires a more spacious installation space. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a combined current for three phases of a motor (U phase, V phase, W phase) for use in applications having a possibility of causing a motor to arbitrarily rotate due to an external chaotic source. The detection of the parallel impedance of one overcurrent detection is performed, whereby the control device of the motor of the 180-degree energization method can be applied. [Means for Solving the Problem] The above object is achieved by the following: a control device for an electric motor in which an inverter composed of a plurality of switching elements is used, and the inverter is used The motor for driving, the impedance of the DC side provided on the inverter, and the control device for the motor for detecting the rotor magnetic pole position of the motor based on the voltage change applied to the impedance are provided with a line voltage for detecting the motor. Means. Further, the above object is achieved by using a control device for an electric motor in which an inverter composed of a plurality of switching elements and an electric motor driven by the inverter are provided in the above-described exchange. The impedance of the DC side of the flow device and the control device of the motor for detecting the rotor magnetic pole position of the motor according to the voltage change applied to the impedance, and means for detecting the line voltage of the motor are provided by the above The rotation direction, the rotation speed, and the magnetic pole position of the rotor of the motor are detected before the driving of the motor due to the switching of the flow device. 1333321 [Effect of the Invention] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a motor for use in a use having a possibility of causing a motor to arbitrarily rotate due to an external chaos source, and it is also possible to use three phases of (U phase, V phase, W phase) The combined current of the phase is detected by the parallel impedance for one overcurrent detection, whereby the control device for the motor of the 180-degree energization method can be applied. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, an embodiment of a motor control device using a permanent magnet synchronous motor of the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 5 . In Fig. 2 showing the outdoor unit of the air conditioner, the outdoor unit is exposed to the wind because it is installed outside the house. For this reason, even if the fan motor 8 is not driven, the fan 7 is rotated forward or reversed due to the wind direction, and is rotated by various rotation numbers depending on the wind speed.
另一方面，是有必要小型化室外機單元本身且實現低 成本。爲此，所搭載的電器亦必須在受限的較小空間作成 便宜且高效率的電器。因此，把室外風扇馬達8的控制方 式表示成如圖1般地，使用藉由1個過電流檢測用並聯阻 抗，來檢測出流動於換流器模組（U相· V相· W相）3 相各相的合成電流之方法。由此，設置磁極位置感測器或 是於電動機的各相設有電流檢測用的阻抗就變得沒有必要 。把合成後的電流，藉著透過運算放大器與數個阻抗所構 成的差動放大器來放大，以把該値輸入於微電腦的 A/D 1333321 埠的方式’在微電腦內部進行A/D變換，由該値將馬達 電流進行再現。 詳細的控制係’在微電腦內部沒有流動直流電流的相 位也進行A/D變換，組合該結果與在流動直流的相位之 A/D變換結果，除去包含在直流電流檢測電路的輸出之偏 置電壓’爲了擴展可以檢測出PWM訊號的脈衝寬度之脈 衝寬度使載波頻率發生變化，又與由在過去所得到的直流 電流資訊所再現的馬達電流相組合，來推定現時點的換流 器的輸出電流並進行控制。如於圖7所示之無感測器運轉 部般地，在（S 13 )，在微電腦A/D埠由1個過電流檢測 用並聯阻抗檢測出3相的合成電流；在（S 1 4 )，在微電 腦內部進行A/D變換；在（S9)，再現馬達電流。把該 已經再現的馬達電流資訊當作基礎，把在（S 1 0 )所產生 的PWM訊號在（SU)輸入到驅動器，控制（S12)換流 器模組。在該方法中，於通常驅動時並不需要進行位置檢 測的緣故，因此可藉著180度通電方式（圖3)來進行控 制。在1 80度通電方式，係利用把正弦波電壓施加到馬達 繞線上以進行驅動的方法，使得馬達電流變化得較平滑之 故，可以大幅改善馬達的電力因數（Power Factor)使得 可以實現高效率化，不會如150度或是120度通電般伴隨 著整流而發生馬達輸出力矩的脈動》藉此，實現了振動舆 噪音的降低。 通常僅以該控制方式來進行馬達驅動是可行的，但是 若爲空調的室外風扇馬達8的情形，是有著於啓動前因風 -9- 1333321 等的外部亂源使得風扇任意地旋轉之狀態的案例。於該情 形下，因爲無法判斷啓動時的轉子的相位與旋轉頻率，因 此僅以該控制，並無法啓動馬達。 因此，在換流器電路2進行切換前，藉由追加檢測同 步馬達3的感應電壓的電路來檢測轉子磁極位置、旋轉速 度、與旋轉方向。由此，於啓動時即使混入外部亂源，也 可以控制在所期望的旋轉速度。 有關於磁極位置檢測方法，以往，已經採用有數種方 法，例如日本特公昭5 9 - 3 6 5 1 9號專利公報中，經由把從 馬達旋轉所產生的感應電壓通過1次濾波器（filter )， 變換成對感應電壓保持在大約90度的相位關係的3個三 角波訊號，把這些3個三角波狀訊號導通到結成星形繞線 的阻抗，把星形繞線的中性點電壓與這些三角波狀訊號用 比較器來做大小比較，對應從比較器所得到的脈衝訊號來 進行馬達驅動控制。 在此，利用1次濾波器來檢測感應電壓的場合，馬達 的旋轉數爲較低的話，會有相位差變大的問題；於日本特 開平2000- 1 4 1 87號專利公報中，爲了使藉由比較器所比 較的電壓安定，與直流電源電壓之1/2的電壓進行比較， 來形成各相的轉子磁極位置檢測訊號，以進行馬達驅動控 制。 但是在任一場合中，均採用120度通電或是150度通 電方式，藉著於無通電區間表示如上述之位置檢測電路檢 測出線間感應電壓，於啓動時與通常運轉時進行轉子的磁 -10- 1333321 極位置檢測，以進行控制。在1 20度通電或1 50度通電方 式上，無通電區間是存在於各相。啓動時，換流器模組不 呈開啓（ON)的緣故，因此可以檢測感應電壓。於通常 驅動中，可以檢測出藉著產生於電流沒有流動的相（於無 通電區間的相）之馬達的旋轉所產生的感應電壓。如上所 示，得以檢測轉子的磁極位置檢測與旋轉速度與旋轉方向 ，以進行馬達控制。 於本實施例中，感應電壓的檢測電路係形成爲，在微 電腦的A/D埠，直接輸入產生於（U相· V相· W相）3 相的感應電壓，經由在微電腦內部進行A/D變換所再現 的馬達電流，來算出馬達的轉子磁極位置與旋轉速度與旋 轉方向的方式。 但是，於微電腦4a的A/D埠的個數不足時，經由藉 著如圖4所示之電路來使用電晶體與二極體，可以以1個 A/D埠來進行檢測。 使用圖6來說明該檢測原理。於因爲風使風扇旋轉， 同步馬達3任意地旋轉的情形下，亦由於轉子的磁鐵爲橫 切固定子繞線的緣故所以產生感應電壓，因該電壓而透過 換流器電路2流動有電流。例如，如圖所示，於產生電壓 時，來自U相繞線的電流係，穿介過換流器的U相的飛 輪二極體（free-wheeling diode ) '電源、並聯阻抗，通 過W相下臂的飛輪二極體，到達W相繞線。同樣地，來 自V相繞線的電流係，穿介過換流器的v相的飛輪二極 體（free-wheeling diode )、電源、並聯阻抗' W相下臂 -11 - 1333321 的飛輪二極體，到達W相繞線。 此時，把電晶體Trl、Tr2、Tr3以特定的順序就僅1 個來進行關閉（OFF )。亦即，其他2個是爲開啓（ON ) 狀態。將此，以比起同步馬達3的旋轉頻率還要非常高的 頻率來進行運作。從而，以Trl、Tr2、Tr3的順序依序進 行關閉（OFF )動作時，可以檢測出大致該瞬間的感應電 壓。 於圖4、圖6中，藉著I/O埠，假定已經關閉（OFF )掉Tr 1時，藉著R1所檢測出的U相的感應電壓Vun通 過D1的二極體，可以在A/D埠檢測出來。在該情形下， 同步馬達3的W相作爲基準電壓（接地），檢測W相繞 線及U相繞線的合成感應電壓。接著，把Tr 1開啓（ON )、Tr2關閉（OFF )的話，檢測W相的端子作爲基準電 位之 W相繞線及 V相繞線的合成感應電壓。接著，把 Tr2開啓（ON ) 、Tr3關閉（OFF )的話，該電位係，換 流器電路2的W相下臂的飛輪二極體爲開啓（ON)之故 ，所以成爲接地（earth )電位，於檢測用阻抗R1並未流 通電流而檢測出〇電壓。該狀態是在圖 7 ( a )中從270 度至30度的期間。各相的電壓波形呈2個山狀的理由爲 ，於圖7 ( b )中，W相的270度到30度爲負極，例如， 出現在作爲正極的U相的電壓係，爲W相繞線與U相繞 線的合成電壓之故，所以檢測出線間電壓。W相的端子爲 接地（earth )電位，把該接地做爲基準，檢測出線間電 壓的緣故，基準電位爲隨著同步馬達3的W相端子電壓 -12- 1333321On the other hand, it is necessary to miniaturize the outdoor unit itself and achieve low cost. For this reason, the electric appliances to be mounted must also be made into inexpensive and highly efficient electric appliances in a limited space. Therefore, the control method of the outdoor fan motor 8 is shown as using the parallel impedance for overcurrent detection as shown in FIG. 1, and the flow is detected in the inverter module (U phase, V phase, W phase). A method of synthesizing currents of three phases. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a magnetic pole position sensor or to provide an impedance for current detection in each phase of the motor. The synthesized current is amplified by a differential amplifier composed of an operational amplifier and a plurality of impedances, and the 値 is input to the A/D 1333321 微 of the microcomputer to perform A/D conversion inside the microcomputer. This 再现 reproduces the motor current. The detailed control system 'A/D conversion is also performed in the phase where no DC current flows inside the microcomputer, and the result is combined with the A/D conversion result of the phase in the flowing DC to remove the bias voltage included in the output of the DC current detecting circuit. 'In order to expand the pulse width of the pulse width at which the PWM signal can be detected, the carrier frequency is changed, and the motor current reproduced by the DC current information obtained in the past is combined to estimate the output current of the converter at the current point. And control. As in the sensorless operation unit shown in FIG. 7, at (S13), the combined current of three phases is detected by the parallel impedance for one overcurrent detection in the microcomputer A/D埠; (S 1 4 ), A/D conversion is performed inside the microcomputer; at (S9), the motor current is reproduced. Based on the already reproduced motor current information, the PWM signal generated at (S 1 0 ) is input to the driver at (SU) to control (S12) the converter module. In this method, position detection is not required during normal driving, and therefore control can be performed by a 180-degree energization method (Fig. 3). In the 180 degree energization mode, the method of applying a sine wave voltage to the motor winding for driving, so that the motor current changes smoothly, can greatly improve the power factor of the motor so that high efficiency can be achieved. The pulsation of the motor output torque is not caused by the rectification as in the case of 150 degree or 120 degree energization, thereby achieving a reduction in vibration noise. It is generally possible to perform the motor drive only in this control mode, but in the case of the outdoor fan motor 8 of the air conditioner, there is a state in which the fan is arbitrarily rotated due to an external chaotic source such as the wind-9-1333321 before starting. Case. In this case, since the phase and the rotation frequency of the rotor at the time of starting cannot be judged, the motor cannot be started only by this control. Therefore, before the switching of the inverter circuit 2, the rotor magnetic pole position, the rotational speed, and the rotational direction are detected by additionally adding a circuit for detecting the induced voltage of the synchronous motor 3. Thereby, even if an external chaotic source is mixed at the time of starting, the desired rotation speed can be controlled. Regarding the magnetic pole position detecting method, in the past, several methods have been employed. For example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 59-36 51.9, the induced voltage generated by the rotation of the motor is passed through a primary filter (filter). And transforming into three triangular wave signals that maintain a phase relationship of induced voltages at about 90 degrees, and turning the three triangular wave signals into impedances formed into star-shaped windings, and the neutral point voltages of the star windings and the triangular waves The signal is compared by a comparator, and the motor drive control is performed corresponding to the pulse signal obtained from the comparator. Here, when the induced voltage is detected by the primary filter, if the number of rotations of the motor is low, there is a problem that the phase difference becomes large. In the Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2000-1-481, The voltage of the comparator is compared with the voltage of 1/2 of the DC power supply voltage to form a rotor magnetic pole position detection signal of each phase for motor drive control. However, in either case, the 120-degree energization or the 150-degree energization mode is adopted, and the non-energized section indicates that the position detecting circuit detects the line-to-line induced voltage as described above, and performs the magnetization of the rotor at the time of starting and normal operation. 10- 1333321 Polar position detection for control. In the case of 1 20 degree energization or 1 50 degree energization, the non-energization interval exists in each phase. At startup, the inverter module is not turned ON, so the induced voltage can be detected. In the normal driving, the induced voltage generated by the rotation of the motor generated in the phase in which the current does not flow (the phase in the non-energized section) can be detected. As shown above, the magnetic pole position detection of the rotor and the rotational speed and the rotational direction can be detected for motor control. In the present embodiment, the detection circuit for the induced voltage is formed such that the induced voltage generated in the three phases (U phase, V phase, and W phase) is directly input to the A/D port of the microcomputer, and A/ is performed inside the microcomputer. D converts the motor current reproduced to calculate the rotor magnetic pole position, the rotational speed, and the rotational direction of the motor. However, when the number of A/D turns of the microcomputer 4a is insufficient, the transistor and the diode can be used for detection by one A/D 经由 by using a circuit as shown in Fig. 4 . This detection principle will be described using FIG. When the synchronous motor 3 rotates arbitrarily because the wind rotates the fan, the magnet of the rotor crosses the stator winding, so that an induced voltage is generated, and a current flows through the inverter circuit 2 due to the voltage. For example, as shown in the figure, when a voltage is generated, the current from the U-phase winding passes through the U-phase free-wheeling diode of the inverter, the power supply, the parallel impedance, and the W-phase. The flywheel diode of the lower arm reaches the W phase winding. Similarly, the current from the V-phase winding, through the v-phase of the inverter, the free-wheeling diode, the power supply, the parallel impedance 'W phase lower arm -11 - 1333321's flywheel diode Body, reaching the W phase winding. At this time, the transistors Tr1, Tr2, and Tr3 are turned off (OFF) in only one order in a specific order. That is, the other two are in an ON state. This operates at a frequency which is extremely higher than the rotational frequency of the synchronous motor 3. Therefore, when the OFF (OFF) operation is sequentially performed in the order of Tr1, Tr2, and Tr3, the induced voltage at substantially the moment can be detected. In Fig. 4 and Fig. 6, by means of I/O埠, assuming that Tr 1 has been turned off (OFF), the induced voltage Vun of the U phase detected by R1 passes through the diode of D1, which can be in A/ D埠 is detected. In this case, the W phase of the synchronous motor 3 serves as a reference voltage (ground), and the combined induced voltage of the W-phase winding and the U-phase winding is detected. Next, when Tr 1 is turned on (ON) and Tr2 is turned off (OFF), the W-phase terminal is detected as the composite induced voltage of the W-phase winding and the V-phase winding of the reference potential. Next, when Tr2 is turned on (ON) and Tr3 is turned off (OFF), the potential system is such that the flywheel diode of the W-phase lower arm of the inverter circuit 2 is turned "ON", so that it becomes an earth potential. The detection voltage R1 does not flow a current and detects the 〇 voltage. This state is a period from 270 degrees to 30 degrees in Fig. 7 (a). The reason why the voltage waveform of each phase is two mountain shapes is that in FIG. 7(b), the 270 degrees to 30 degrees of the W phase are negative electrodes, for example, the voltage system of the U phase which is the positive electrode, which is W phase winding. The combined voltage of the line and U-phase winding, so the line-to-line voltage is detected. The terminal of the W phase is the earth potential, and the ground is used as a reference to detect the line voltage. The reference potential is the voltage of the W phase terminal of the synchronous motor 3 -12-1333321
的時間變化而變化。亦即，變化成正弦波狀的W相端子 電壓爲0電位之故，是爲合成電壓的U相、V相端子電壓 爲如圖7 ( a )般之變化。 經由這樣地把電晶體的ON · OFF動作以高速來進行 切換，可以用1個A/D埠來檢測出3相的瞬間的感應電 壓，透過描繪該三相的感應電壓，就描出成爲如圖7(a )般的曲線圖。藉此，可以檢測轉子的旋轉方向、旋轉速 度、磁極位置。 旋轉方向係可以由UVW的出現順序，旋轉速度係可 以由這些波形的頻率，磁極位置係可以藉著各自的相位， 來進行判別。 根據圖5來說明該流程。在位置檢測部，在（s 1 )檢 測線間感應電壓，在（S2 )利用RC構成來設置雜訊濾波 器，以去除雜訊。但是，雖然形成爲充分降低雜訊的檢測 電路，但是用濾波器可去除的雜訊是有限的，而會有在檢 測出的感應電壓載有雜訊而使所檢測出的資料有若干誤差 的可能性。爲此，把一定値以下的檢測値判斷爲雜訊，得 以不會誤判斷。 又，在（S5) (S6)進行電壓的沒變換，算出電 壓相位。從該資料，（S7 )演算相位差，（S3 )以該相位 總和値△(Dsum爲正的場合爲正轉狀態· 0的場合爲停止 狀態·負的場合爲逆轉狀態來判斷旋轉方向。由（S3 )的 判斷値與（S6)的演算値，在（S8)決定轉子相位。又， 由（S3 )的判斷値，在（S4 )進行頻率變換，來檢測旋轉 -13- 1333321 數。於判斷出在此所算出的旋轉數爲停止'或是稍微的旋轉 時，進行轉子的定位’把轉子位置1度固定後，進行啓動 。又，於判斷出所算出的旋轉方向爲逆轉時，藉由控制來 施加制動（Brake )，來移轉到正轉，且以所期望的旋轉 數來驅動。 更進一步，於判斷出所算出的旋轉方向爲正轉的場合 ，不用1度停下就這樣來配合轉子位置來開始PWM通電 ，以所期望的旋轉數來驅動。 經由採用組合該1個過電流檢測用並聯阻抗之電流檢 測電路與感應電壓方式，可以實現可以把有可能因空調機 器的外部亂源而進行空轉之室外風扇馬達，以較少的安裝 空間、便宜且高效率·低振動，來控制在所期望的旋轉速 度之馬達驅動電路。 以上，以本實施例來說明，在該控制方式下於通常運 轉時，藉著以1個1並聯阻抗來檢測（U相· v相· w相 )3相各相的合成電流，來進行180度通電控制，在因外 部亂源等使風扇任意旋轉的狀態下，僅在啓動時，於換流 器爲進行切換前來進行感應電壓檢測，算出轉子磁極位置 與旋轉周速度與旋轉方向，並配合該相位來進行180度通 電控制。 有關於使用在因爲如上所示的外部亂源等使得轉子呈 現空轉的可能性之用途的馬達，藉由將把流動在（U相· V相· W相）3相各相的電流合成後的電流，透過1個過 電流檢測用並聯阻抗來檢測的方式；及僅在啓動時，在換 • 14- 1333321The time changes and changes. In other words, the voltage of the W-phase terminal which is changed to a sinusoidal waveform is zero potential, and the U-phase and V-phase terminal voltages for the combined voltage are changed as shown in Fig. 7(a). By switching the ON/OFF operation of the transistor at a high speed in this way, the induced voltage of the three phases can be detected by one A/D埠, and the induced voltage of the three phases can be traced as shown in the figure. 7(a)-like graph. Thereby, the rotation direction, the rotation speed, and the magnetic pole position of the rotor can be detected. The direction of rotation can be determined by the order in which the UVWs appear, and the speed of rotation can be determined by the frequency of these waveforms, and the position of the magnetic poles can be determined by their respective phases. This flow will be explained based on FIG. The position detecting unit senses a voltage between (s 1 ) detection lines, and sets (S2) a nucleus filter by RC configuration to remove noise. However, although the detection circuit is formed to sufficiently reduce the noise, the noise that can be removed by the filter is limited, and there is a certain amount of error in the detected data when the detected induced voltage carries noise. possibility. For this reason, it is judged that the detection 値 below a certain level is a noise, so that it is not misjudged. Further, in (S5) (S6), the voltage is not converted, and the voltage phase is calculated. From this data, (S7) calculates the phase difference, and (S3) determines the rotation direction by the phase sum 値 △ (when the Dsum is positive, the forward rotation state is 0, and the state is the reverse state and the negative state is the reverse state. The judgment 値 of (S3) and the calculation of (S6) determine the rotor phase in (S8). Further, by (S3), the frequency is converted in (S4) to detect the number of rotation -13 - 1333321. When it is determined that the number of rotations calculated here is "stop or slightly rotated, the positioning of the rotor" is performed after the rotor position is fixed by 1 degree, and when it is determined that the calculated rotation direction is reversed, Control to apply braking (Brake) to shift to forward rotation and drive at the desired number of rotations. Further, when it is determined that the calculated rotation direction is forward rotation, it is not necessary to stop at 1 degree. The rotor position starts the PWM energization and is driven by the desired number of rotations. By using the current detection circuit and the induced voltage method in which the parallel impedance for the overcurrent detection is combined, it is possible to realize the possibility of being caused by the air conditioner. An outdoor fan motor that is idling by external sources and controls the motor drive circuit at a desired rotational speed with a small installation space, low cost, high efficiency, and low vibration. The above description is based on this embodiment. In the normal control mode, the combined current of each of the three phases of the (U phase, v phase, w phase) phase is detected by one parallel impedance, and the 180-degree energization control is performed. In the state where the fan is arbitrarily rotated, the induced voltage is detected before the inverter is switched, and the rotor magnetic pole position, the rotational peripheral speed, and the rotational direction are calculated, and the 180-degree energization control is performed in accordance with the phase. Regarding the motor using the use of the possibility that the rotor is idling due to an external chaos or the like as described above, the current after combining the currents flowing in the three phases of the (U phase, V phase, W phase) , through a method of detecting the parallel impedance of overcurrent detection; and only at startup, in the exchange of 14-1333321
流器進行切換前，進行感應電壓檢測，算出轉子磁極位置 與旋轉周速度與旋轉方向的2個方式加以配合的馬達控制 方法，具有在可以安裝到小空間•便宜且高效率·低振動 下安定地啓動與控制在所期望的主旋轉速度的效果。 其中’於圖1中，檢測出感應電壓，且將其置換成電 流的理由爲，於原本1 8 0度通電的向量控制中，作成馬達 電流，且利用這些來掌握因感應電壓所致之轉子的動作之 故。 又，以上係爲了於因爲外部亂源等使轉子空轉時進行 轉子的磁極位置檢測，把所產生的3相（U相· V相.W 相）的感應電壓用微電腦的A/D埠的1個埠來進行檢測 的方式加以說明，但是把3相（U相· V相· W相）的感 應電壓直接輸入到微電腦的A/D埠，在微電腦內部進行 A/D變換也是有同樣的效果。 【圖式簡單說明】 [圖1 ]藉由1個並聯阻抗所爲之電流檢測與感應電壓 檢測之馬達控制裝置的方塊圖。 [圖2]空調機器的室外單元圖。 [圖3]顯示180度通電方式與120度通電方式之差別 的圖。 [圖4]以AD埠1埠來進行感應電壓檢測之電路圖。 [圖5] 1並聯+位置檢測馬達控制之流程圖。 [圖6]說明感應電壓檢測的原理之圖。 -15- 1333321 [圖7]說明感應電壓的檢測波形之圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :直流電源 2:換流器（Inverter)電路 3 :同步馬達 4 :控制電路 4a :微電腦 5 :並聯阻抗 6 :風扇馬達支承 7 :風扇 8 :風扇馬達 9 :電器 -16-Before the switch is switched, the motor voltage control method is used to calculate the rotor magnetic pole position and the rotational speed and the rotational direction. The motor control method can be installed in a small space, inexpensive, high efficiency, and low vibration. The effect of starting and controlling the desired main rotational speed. In FIG. 1, the reason why the induced voltage is detected and replaced with a current is that a motor current is generated in the vector control of the current 180-degree energization, and the rotor due to the induced voltage is grasped by these. The reason for the action. In addition, in order to detect the magnetic pole position of the rotor when the rotor is idling due to external chaos or the like, the induced voltage of the generated three phases (U phase, V phase, W phase) is 1 of the A/D of the microcomputer. The method of detecting the 埠 is described, but the induced voltage of the three phases (U phase, V phase, and W phase) is directly input to the A/D 微 of the microcomputer, and the A/D conversion is performed inside the microcomputer. . [Simplified description of the drawing] [Fig. 1] A block diagram of a motor control device for current detection and induced voltage detection by a parallel impedance. [Fig. 2] An outdoor unit diagram of an air conditioner. [Fig. 3] A diagram showing the difference between the 180-degree energization mode and the 120-degree energization mode. [Fig. 4] A circuit diagram of induced voltage detection by AD埠1埠. [Fig. 5] A flow chart of 1 parallel + position detection motor control. [Fig. 6] A diagram illustrating the principle of induced voltage detection. -15- 1333321 [Fig. 7] A diagram illustrating a detection waveform of an induced voltage. [Main component symbol description] 1 : DC power supply 2: Inverter circuit 3 : Synchronous motor 4 : Control circuit 4a : Microcomputer 5 : Parallel impedance 6 : Fan motor support 7 : Fan 8 : Fan motor 9 : Electrical appliance - 16-