TWI383986B - 二聚茚噻吩衍生物及其用途 - Google Patents
二聚茚噻吩衍生物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI383986B TWI383986B TW097151251A TW97151251A TWI383986B TW I383986 B TWI383986 B TW I383986B TW 097151251 A TW097151251 A TW 097151251A TW 97151251 A TW97151251 A TW 97151251A TW I383986 B TWI383986 B TW I383986B
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- derivative according
- thiophene derivative
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- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006527 (C1-C5) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical group C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IVCMUVGRRDWTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-methyl-3-propylimidazol-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IVCMUVGRRDWTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150090068 PMII gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002367 SrTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 but not limited to Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000956 coumarin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037230 mobility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003050 poly-cycloolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於一種二聚茚噻吩衍生物,其可作為染敏太陽能電池的敏化染料。
隨著科技與經濟的快速發展,在能源的使用上也是大幅度的增加,現今使用量最大的石油、天然氣、煤等原料,存量是不斷的減少,而增加的需求則必須仰賴於其他新興能源來滿足,其中因太陽能較不具污染性,為目前最被看好且最重要的能源研究課題之一。至目前為止,已經有多種不同類型的太陽能電池發展出來,其中太陽能染敏電池(Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell,DSSC)因具有價格低的優勢而被認為最具發展潛力。
DSSC最早發展於1976年,由日本的Tsubomura團隊以多孔性ZnO作為電極而得,其得到的光電轉化效率為2.5%。而DSSC的光電轉化效率係一直等到1991年才被瑞士的M.Grtzel團隊提升至7.1~7.9%,至此商業化才有了可能。瑞士的M.Grtzel團隊所發展的DSSC係將TiO2
奈米結晶粒塗佈於氧化銦錫(ITO)玻璃作為陽極,利用TiO2
奈米粒多孔膜之孔隙結構吸附釕錯化合物敏化染料(Ru-complexes,其中以N3及N719為代表)以吸收可見光,再配合鍍上鉑(platinum)的導電玻璃作為陰極,而電解質係利用碘離子(I-
/I3 -
)溶液以提供電池所需之氧化-還原反應。其中N3及N719的結構可如以下圖式所示。
如上所述,染敏太陽能電池主要包含五個部份,分別為提供電流流動通路的陰/陽電極、作為電子傳輸層的半導體二氧化鈦(TiO2
)、敏化染料層以及傳輸電洞的電解質。上述染敏太陽能電池之各部分的材質以及各部分之間的介面結構皆會對元件效率造成影響,其中以敏化染料層之敏化染料為影響染敏太陽能電池效率之最大關鍵。因此,尋找可使染敏太陽能電池達到更高效率的敏化染料分子,已成為目前發展染敏太陽能電池的重要課題之一。
敏化染料大致可分為兩類,其中一類是前文所提及的含釕(Ru)金屬錯合物;另一類則是一般的有機分子。相較於金屬錯合物,有機分子具有以下優點:(1)有機分子具有較大的莫耳吸收係數;(2)其結構設計上較彈性,可改變吸光範圍;且(3)不含貴重金屬,沒有原料來源限制,成本較低也比較環保。
在1996年,Grtzel教授最早將天然物香豆素(coumarin)為主體的敏化染料應用於DSSC,但其光電轉換效率僅僅
0.9%。原因可能是其吸收波段狹窄,無法充份利用太陽光譜所致。
據上,技藝中企欲尋求可有效地用於染敏太陽能電池中作為敏化染料之有機分子材料。
本發明旨在提供一種具有二聚茚噻吩結構之二聚茚噻吩衍生物有機分子。本發明之二聚茚噻吩衍生物具有高的光吸收係數,可作為染敏太陽能電池之敏化染料,且因其吸收光圖譜與太陽光圖譜重疊性高,當應用於染敏太陽能電池時,可得高的光電轉換效率。
因此,本發明亦提供一種包含上述二聚茚噻吩衍生物之染敏太陽能電池。
本發明之二聚茚噻吩衍生物具有如下式(1)所示之化學結構:
其中,G1
、G2
、G3
及G4
各為經取代或未經取代之C6
-C40
芳香族基團或C1
-C40
脂肪族基團;A為拉電子基團(electron withdrawing group);以及D為推電子基團(electron donating group)。
根據本發明,較佳的G1
、G2
、G3
及G4
分別為經取代或未經取代之C6
-C20
芳香基,更佳地,G1
、G2
、G3
及G4
分別選
自由以下式(3)、式(4)、式(5)及式(6)基團所構成之群組,
其中,R1
、R2
、R3
及R4
各自為氫原子、C1
-C8
之烷基或C1
-C8
之烷氧基;以及B為CH2
、NH、S、Si或O。
根據本發明,A之拉電子基團係選自由-COOH、-CN、、、、及所構成群組。
根據本發明,D之推電子基團係選自-N(S1
)(S2
)或-C6
H4
-N(S1
)(S2
),其中S1
和S2
各為經取代或未經取代之C6
-C20
芳香基。根據本發明之一具體實施例,S1
和S2
係分別選自由以下式(7)、式(8)、式(9)、式(10)及式(11)所構成之群組:
其中R5
、R6
、R7
及R8
各自為氫原子、C1
-C5
烷基或C1
-C5
烷氧基,E為CH2
、NH、S、Si或O。
根據本發明之較佳具體實施例,D係選自下列所構成群組:
根據本發明另一較佳具體實施例,式(1)中之G1
、G2
、G3
及G4
分別為或,更佳為;或;及D為、或,更佳為。
根據本發明之一較佳具體實施例,本發明之二聚茚噻吩衍生物係如下式(2)或式(3)所示:
其可作為染敏太陽能電池之有機染料,經吸附作用而固定於半導體氧化物(Semiconducting oxide)(如TiO2
)表面上。不受限於特定理論,咸信此等有機染料分子係以二聚茚噻吩作為分子中心,形成一梯形平面分子(ladder-type),利用噻吩(thiophene)所具有的良好電子傳輸特性
(charge carrier mobilities),以及固定多個共軛芳香環,提高共軛性質和電子傳輸特性,並藉由推電子基、拉電子基及電荷轉移(charge transfer),將電子直接注入半導體導帶,另外因為吸收光譜波帶較寬,具有高的光吸收係數,故能提升吸光的能力。此外,如可在分子中導入長碳鏈,例如苯己氧烷基(-C6H5OC6H13),以提供分子的穩定性,且可阻礙電解質接觸半導體氧化物,避免暗電流(dark current)產生,因此可進一步提升太陽能電池效率。
本發明之二聚茚噻吩衍生物可藉本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者所習知的聚合方法獲得,舉例言之,上述式(2)化合物可藉由包含下列步驟之方法製得:
所得式(2)有機染料分子經測得之物化數據如下:IR(KBr)v 3444,2926,2855,2211,1692,1606,1579,1507,1493,1419,1177,1153,1030,824,696 cm-1
;1
H NMR(CD2
Cl2
,400 MHz)δ 8.30(s,1H),7.61(s,1H),7.58(s,1H),7.29-7.25(m,5H),7.17-7.05(m,14H),6.79-6.75(m,8H),6.64(s,1H),3.91(q,J
=7.06 Hz,8H),1.77-1.70(m,8H),1.44-1.27(m,24H),0.92-0.89(m,12H);13
C NMR(CD2
Cl2
,400MHz)δ 158.5,158.3,156.6,156.4,155.9,154.6,153.5,153.3,148.3,148.3,147.5,139.4,138.1,136.0,135.8,135.4,134.3,132.8,132.1,129.4,128.9,128.8,123.8,123.6,119.0,116.5,116.4,115.5,114.5,114.4,94.2,68.3,63.2,62.4,32.0,30.1,29.6,29.5,26.1,23.0,14.2;及TOF MS(m/z,ESI+
)1233。
並且根據比耳定律(Beer's law)計算出式(2)有機染料分
子的莫耳吸收係數(molar absorptivity coefficient,ε)為50508 M-1
cm-1
(471 nm),相較於其他敏化染料,具有較大的莫耳吸收係數。並從圖1得知,式(2)之有機染料分子具有寬波帶吸收光譜,即約350 nm至約600 nm,可更有效的將太陽光中的可見光部分更充分的利用。
本發明亦提供一種染敏太陽能電池,其包含上述式(1)之二聚茚噻吩衍生物。本發明之染敏太陽能電池所使用的兩片基材,係選自(但不限於)以下群組:金屬,如鈦板或不鏽鋼板;玻璃;或塑膠,例如(但不限於)聚酯樹脂(polyester resin)、聚丙烯酸酯樹脂(polyacrylate resin)、聚烯烴樹脂(polyolefin resin)、聚環烯烴樹脂(polycycloolefin resin)、聚醯亞胺樹脂(polyimide resin)、聚碳酸酯樹脂(polycarbonate resin)、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂(polyurethane resin)、三醋酸纖維素(triacetyl cellulose,TAC)或聚乳酸(polylactic acid);及其組合,但不以此為限。其中至少一基材上鍍透明導電氧化物(transparent conducting oxide,TCO)形成導電基材,上述導電氧化物,例如(但不限於)氟摻雜氧化錫(fluorine-doped tin oxide,FTO)、銻摻雜二氧化錫(antimony-doped tin oxide,ATO)、鋁摻雜氧化鋅(aluminum-doped zinc oxide,AZO)或氧化銦錫(ITO)。將奈米級(2~50 nm)之半導體氧化物塗佈於導電基材上,形成膜厚介於約5至約20 μm之薄膜,當膜厚低於5 μm於時,染敏太陽能電池效能不佳,膜厚高於20 μm時,薄膜易脆裂(crack)。可用於本發明染敏太陽能電池
之半導體氧化物,例如(但不限於)包括TiO2
、ZnO、ZrO2
、SrTiO3
、SiO2
或CdS,染敏太陽能電池所使用之電解質可為液態、膠態或固態,觸媒可使用鉑(Pt)或碳黑。
本發明之染敏太陽能電池,可藉本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者所習知的方法製備,其例如包含下列步驟:(1)將二氧化鈦塗料(Solaronix公司所生產,Ti-Nanoxide HT)均勻塗佈於FTO玻璃基材(面積約為1.7公分×0.6公分)上,形成一薄膜,厚度約為11-12 μm之間;(2)將含有TiO2
之FTO玻璃基材在400℃~600℃下進行燒結,以形成電極(electrode);(3)施以網印法(screen printing),以將鉑形成於另一玻璃基材上,製成厚度約為20 nm的鉑電極,形成對電極(counter electrode);(4)將步驟(2)之電極浸漬於例如式(2)化合物之染料溶液中(溶劑:1:1四氫呋喃/乙腈(THF/Acetonitrile)),進行染料吸附,時間約12~24小時;(5)注入電解質溶液(包含碘(I2
)、碘化鋰(LiI)、1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑碘鹽(1-propyl-3-methyl-imidazolium iodide,PMII)以及甲基吡咯烷酮(methylpyrrolidinone,MPN))。
若以模擬太陽光之光源(AM 1.5),光強度(P)100 mW/cm2
針對包含式(2)化合物之具有上述構成之染敏太陽能電池進行測試,量測電流電壓,所得結果如下表1所示。上述AM 1.5代表大氣質量(Air Mass)1.5,其中AM=1/cos(θ),θ表
相對垂直入射光偏離之角度。太陽能電池通常使用全美國平均照度AM 1.5(θ=48.2°)來代表地表上太陽光的平均照度(溫度25℃),其光強度約為100 mW/cm2
。
圖1顯示根據本發明之式(2)有機染料分子溶於THF中的吸收光譜圖。
Claims (9)
- 一種具有如下式(1)結構之二聚茚噻吩衍生物:
- 如請求項1所述之二聚茚噻吩衍生物,其中G1 、G2 、G3 及G4 均為。
- 如請求項1或2所述之二聚茚噻吩衍生物,其中A係選自 由-COOH、-CN、、、、及所構成之群組。
- 如請求項3之二聚茚噻吩衍生物,其中A為或。
- 如請求項1之二聚茚噻吩衍生物,其中D係選自-N(S1 )(S2 )或-C6 H4 -N(S1 )(S2 ),其中S1 和S2 各為經取代或未經取代之C6 -C20 芳香基。
- 如請求項5之二聚茚噻吩衍生物,其中S1 和S2 係分別選自由以下式(7)、(8)、(9)、(10)及式(11)所構成之群組:
- 如請求項6之二聚茚噻吩衍生物,其中D為
- 如請求項7所述之二聚茚噻吩衍生物,其中D為
- 一種染敏太陽能電池,其包含如請求項1之二聚茚噻吩衍生物。
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