1234510 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關一種生產薄板材料之成型設備及方法，尤指一種利用特殊設計之分 配器，在穩態生產時，令其內融熔熱塑性材料之靜壓力分佈，自動趨於平衡，並在該熱 塑性材料被均勻分配至該分配器兩側後，能以一致之流量，垂直地通過下方所設之一噴 嘴’生產出厚度一致之薄板材料之成型設備及方法。 【先前技術】 按，目前用以生產薄板玻璃之製造方法中，一種係所謂之「溢流融合法」，該方 法依美國第US 3,338,696號專利所述可知，其優點係在所生產出之薄板玻璃之兩側表 面’因未與任何物件相接觸，故可得到相當好之表面品質，且可在不需硏磨之情形下， 直接進行切割，得到所需之薄板玻璃成品。然而，由於在製作大尺寸薄板玻璃時，該「溢 流融合法」中所使用之等壓管(isopipe)，其設計技術不僅需相當精密，困難度極高， 且在生產過程中，所搭配之相關溫度控制條件，又非常嚴苛，因此，爲令該種傳統之「溢 流融合法」製作出品質優良之薄板玻璃，業者在其生產設備及後續製程中，所需付出之 成本及維護費用，自然相當昂貴。該「溢流融合法」之另一缺點，係在該種製程不適宜 用以製作厚度爲〇.5mm以下之薄板玻璃，此乃因玻璃板越薄越不易成型，更何況利用該 「溢流融合法」製作薄板玻璃時，其所成型之薄板玻璃，係由兩片薄板玻璃融合組成， 此時，由於越薄之玻璃板在成型時輻射散熱越快，致兩片薄板玻璃不易融合，易造成良 品率大幅降低。此外，由於利用該「溢流融合法」製作薄板玻璃時，該薄板玻璃係在該 等壓管(isopipe)之根部(root)融合成型，因此，在生產過程中’若該等壓管(ls〇pipe) 之根部發生任何損傷，導致殘留氣泡時，其所生產出之薄板玻璃，均將變成不良品，此 時，由於該根部係與等壓管一體成型，故無法單獨更換受損之根部，而需更換整個等壓 管，其所需耗費之成本、人力及工時，自然亦相當可觀。 另一種生產薄板玻璃之製造方法，係所謂之「狹長孔下拉成型法」，該「狹長孔下 拉成型法」與前述n溢流融合法」不同，其被用以製作薄板玻璃之歷史’遠較「溢流融 合法」爲早。在傳統之「狹長孔下拉成型法」中，並未設置任何分配器，僅在其成型池 下方裝設一噴嘴成型裝置’此可由美國第US 2,880,551號專利得知’其優點係在通過 1234510 該噴嘴成型裝置之融熔玻璃之液位壓力一致，其缺點則係不易均勻控制該成型池中融熔 玻璃之溫度，造成通過該噴嘴成型裝置之玻璃溫度及黏度不一致，且不穩定，致無法準 確控制薄板玻璃厚度，因此，在利用傳統「狹長孔下拉成型法」製作薄板玻璃時，爲有 效控制融熔玻璃之溫度，該成型池之尺寸及容積無法太大，故所生產出之薄板玻璃之有 效寬度亦不大。 嗣，雖有業者爲改進融熔玻璃溫度不易控制之缺點，在美國第US 2,880,551號專 利中，揭露了由一白金分配器及一噴嘴所組成之成型設備，取代該成型池之技術，並利 用白金加熱機制，有效控制該分配器內融熔玻璃之溫度分佈，令該分配器將融熔玻璃均 勻分配至該噴嘴出口，再以下拉法，生產出較大尺寸之薄板玻璃。由於，在該種成型設 備中，還是需藉由控制分配器之溫度，以控制融熔玻璃之溫度分佈，始能達到均勻之流 量分配，此舉將導致融熔玻璃自噴嘴被拉出時，在玻璃上產生不同之溫度分佈，造成薄 板玻璃在成型時易產生不平坦及刷痕，徒增薄板玻璃成型控制之困難度。 有鑒於前述傳統薄板材料成型方法之各項缺失，如何設計出一種可有效改善傳統 熱塑性薄板材料製程，以製作出優質之大尺寸薄板材料，且令所使用之生產設備具有維 修容易且成本低廉之特點，即成爲目前熱塑性薄板材料之製造業者所亟欲解決之一重要 課題。 【發明内容】 本發明之一目的，係、在提供一種利用狹長孔下拉法生產薄板材料之成型設備及方 法，該成型設備及方法主要係根據流體力學理論，設計出一分配器，該分配器包括一具 有特殊輪廓之流體分配管及一具有特殊寬度之渠道，其中該流體分配管在穩態生產時， 係令其內均質且呈融熔狀態之熱塑性材料之流量，沿該流體分配管兩側之長度方向，作 線性遞減，並令該流體分配管之單位長度內之流量一致，以使其內該熱塑性材料之靜壓 力分佈，自動趨於平衡，以消彌該流體分配管內因該熱塑性材料流動所造成之流體壓力 失真現象，且令該熱塑性材料被均勻分配至該流體分配管兩側後，可垂直地向下流向該 渠道，並有效控制沿該渠道內該熱塑性材料之流量，能以一致之單位長度流量，通過該 渠道下方所設之一噴嘴之狹長孔，依下拉法，沿該分配器長度方向，生產出厚度一致的 薄板材料。 本發明之另一^目的’係在根據流體力學理論，利用數學公式’設§十出一'簡單且易 1234510 於以白金材料製成之該流體分配管形狀及渠道寬度，令該熱塑性材料由該流體分配管之 中間上方分別流至其兩側末端時之流量爲零，進而使該熱塑性材料被均勻分配至該流體 分配管對稱之兩側後，可垂直向下流動至該渠道內，並沿該渠道之長度方向維持均勻之 該熱塑性材料流量，使得所生產出之薄板材料，能獲得均一之厚度。因此，本發明之成 型設備及方法，可較前述傳統「溢流融合法」，生產出更薄之薄板玻璃，依目前技術保 守估計，至少可生產出厚度約0.3mm或甚至更薄之薄板玻璃，以因應未來市場產品更薄 更輕之產品特性。 本發明之又一目的，係在穩定生產過程中，爲令所生產出之薄板材料，能保持均一 之厚度分佈，必需令供應至該分配器之該熱塑性材料，自其入口端至其出口端，均能維 持在一致之該熱塑性材料溫度(或黏度），因此，本發明在設計該分配器兩側之輪廓時， 係利用一特殊之數學公式，將該流體分配管在其長度方向之每一單位長度之中心線對應 於水平方向之夾角，設計成向該流體分配管之兩側對稱遞減，以達均勻分配流量之目 的，並同時以每一單位長度內該熱塑性材料之位能，消除掉該流體分配管內之流動靜壓 損失，使得該流體分配管內任一位置之該熱塑性材料之靜壓力趨於一致且更形穩定。 本發明之又另一目的，係在根據流體力學理論，依數學公式，將該渠道之特定寬 度，設計成可令該流體分配管上任一單位長度內之該熱塑性材料流量，不需流動壓力差 僅以自身重力，沿地心引力方向流通過該渠道，令流經該渠道之熱塑性材料，能以一致 之流量，通過該噴嘴出口，生產出厚度一致的薄板材料。 本發明之又另一目的，係在根據流體力學理論，依數學公式，將該流體分配管之每 一單位長度之中心線所對應之水平夾角，均設計成相同，但沿該流體分配管之長度方 向，則將每一單位長度之該流體分配管所對應之管徑，設計成向該二流體分配管之兩側 對稱漸縮，以達均勻分配流量，並同時以位能消除掉該流體分配管內之流動靜壓損失， 使得該流體分配管內任一位置之該熱塑性材料之靜壓力更趨於一致。 本發明之又另一目的，係在該成型設備係由分配器與噴嘴所組成，其中該分配器 係用以分配該熱塑性材料流量，而該噴嘴則係負責薄板材料之成型，由於該二元件係屬 可分離之二獨立元件，故在生產薄板材料之過程中，若因該噴嘴受損，致薄板材料表面 之品質變差(發生氣泡或其它瑕疵)時，僅需單獨更換該噴嘴即可，完全無需對整個成型 設備進行拆卸、更換、組裝及調校等作業，故大幅減少了維修保養所需之時間及成本， 有效提昇了整個生產效率。 1234510 爲便貴審查委員能對本發明之輪廓、構造、設計原理及其功效，有更進~步之認 識與瞭解，茲列舉若干實施例，並配合圖式，詳細說明如下： 【實施方式】 本發明係一種利用狹長孔下拉法生產薄板材料之成型設備及方法，該成型設備及 方法主要係根據流體力學理論，設計出一分配器，該分配器包括一具有特殊輪廓之流體 分配管及一具有特殊寬度之渠道，其中該流體分配管在穩態生產時，係令其內均質且呈 融熔狀態之熱塑性材料之流量，沿該流體分配管兩側之長度方向，作線性遞減，並令該 流體分配管之單位長度內之流量一致，以使其內該熱塑性材料之靜壓力分佈，自動趨於 平衡，且令該熱塑性材料被均勻分配至該流體分配管兩側後，可垂直地向下流向該渠 道，並以一致之單位長度流量通過該渠道下方所設之狹長孔噴嘴，依下拉法，沿該分配 器長度方向，生產出厚度一致的薄板材料。 在此需特別聲明者，乃本發明在以下所述之各該實施例中，均係以玻璃材料作爲該 熱塑性材料之一實施態樣，惟，本發明在實際施作時，並不侷限於此，任何熟悉該項技 藝者，以其它熱塑性材料，利用本發明之成型設備及方法，生產其它薄板材料，均屬本 發明在此所欲主張保護之範圍。 在本發明之一最佳實施例中，參閱第1圖所示之該成型設備之正視圖，該成型設備 係由一分配器20及一噴嘴50組合而成，其中該分配器20係由一供料管10、一接頭33、 二流體分配管32及一渠道40所構成，該供料管10係設在該分配器20之上方，用以導 入該熱塑性材質，在該最佳實施例中，該熱塑性材質係已攪拌均勻之均質融熔玻璃；該 接頭33係分別用以連接該供料管10與該二流體分配管32，令該二流體分配管32得以 對稱地排列在該分配器20之兩側，使得該供料管10所導入之融熔玻璃，在通過該接頭 33後，分別進入該二流體分配管32，並分別沿該二流體分配管32之中心線321，向兩 側流動至該流體分配管32之末端322，得以被均勻地分配至該分配器20兩側。爲達此 一目的，該二流體分配管32必須被設計成，可令其內之融熔玻璃之流量，沿該流體分 配管32之長度方向，線性遞減。該渠道40設有一呈長方形截面之槽孔，其一端係沿長 度方向接設在該二流體分配管32之底緣，並與該二流體分配管32相導通，以令流入該 二流體分配管32之該融熔玻璃，可經由該渠道40之槽孔向下流至該渠道40底緣另端 1234510 所接設之該噴嘴50，且以一致之流量通過該噴嘴50之出口 501，依下拉法，沿該分配 器20長度方向，製作出厚度一致之薄板玻璃。 茲爲能更具體地說明該融熔玻璃在該分配器20內之流動路徑及如何生產出厚度一 致之薄板玻璃，特以第2、3及4圖所示之該分配器20爲例，詳細說明如下： 在該最佳實施例中，爲令流經該分配器20之該融熔玻璃，能以一致之流量，通過 該噴嘴50之出口，該二流體分配管32之中心線321必需根據流體力學理論，依一特殊 之數學公式，計算設計出該流體分配管32與該渠道40之形狀及寬度，以令該分配器20 在穩態下生產薄板玻璃時，可令該流體分配管32內之融熔玻璃之流量，沿該流體分配 管32之長度方向，作線性遞減，並令該流體分配管之單位長度內之流量一致，以使其 內該融熔玻璃之靜壓力分佈，自動趨於平衡，並令該融熔玻璃被均勻分配至該二流體分 配管32兩側後，可垂直地流向該渠道40，並以一致之流量通過該噴嘴50，以下拉法， 沿該分配器20長度方向，生產出厚度一致之薄板玻璃。 復參閱第3圖所示，當該融熔玻璃自該供料管10被導入該接頭33後，其流量0將 被一分爲二，分別向該二流體分配管32之兩側流動，直到分別流動至該二流體分配管 之末端322時，該熱塑性材質之流量始變爲零。復參閱第4圖所示，若將該二流體分配 管32沿其長度方向之任一位置之中心線321對應到其水平線，所形成之每一7]c平夾角 屺，設計成愈往該二流體分配管32之末端322，其水平夾角&愈小，令該二流體分配 管32內之熱塑性材質之流動速度愈往末端322流動速度越慢，亦即令該流體分配管32 內之融熔玻璃之流量，可沿該流體分配管32之長度方向，作線性遞減，並使該流體分 配管32之單位長度內之流量一致，以達均勻分配流量之目的。如此，在該二流體分配 管32之中心線321上任一位置內流動之該融熔玻璃，將因該等水平夾角屺之設計，可 同時藉其位能消除掉其在各該流體分配管32內流動之靜壓損失，使各該流體分配管32 內任一位置之該融熔玻璃之靜壓力趨於一致且更形穩定。該二流體分配管32底緣所接 設之該渠道40，亦需經由流體力學分析，以令所設計出之槽口寬度，能使經由該二流體 分配管32適當分配，且在每一單位長度上流量趨於一致之融熔玻璃，得以保持一致之 流量通過該噴嘴50，此外，由於在該分配器20中，該渠道40內之融熔玻璃係受地心引 力影響，垂直地向下流動，因此該最佳實施例在設計該渠道40之槽口寬度時，乃利用 此一特性，將融熔玻璃向下流動之能力，完全交由重力(或融熔玻璃本身之重量)來達 1234510 成，完全不需對其施加額外之作用力’亦即完全不依靠壓力差來維持單位長度上之流 量，更加確保流經該渠道40之融熔玻璃，能以一致之流量通過該噴嘴50之出口 501， 生產出厚度一致之薄板玻璃。據此，若欲改變所生產之薄板玻璃之厚度，僅需藉由更換 該噴嘴50，改變其出口 501之寬度’即可生產出不同厚度之薄板玻璃。 該最佳實施例中，爲令各該流體分配管％內任一位置之該熱塑性材質之靜壓力趨 於一致，在根據流體力學理論，依數學公式，設計該流體分配管32時，由於該流體分 配管32之整體結構係呈左右對稱狀，復參閱第2、3及4圖所示，故在此僅以其一半結 構，根據黑根-波蘇流量方程式(Hogen-Poiseuilie equation)，分析該流體分配管32 上對應於某一水平夾角θζ之任一位置z之截面流量如下： (Q\ πχΌΛ ΑΡ — =-X- \2 )2 128x77 Ay ，其中2爲融熔玻璃之流量(cm3/sec)，77爲融熔玻璃之黏度(poise)，D爲該流體分配 管32之直徑(cm)，p爲融熔玻璃之密度(g/cm3)，&爲沿該流體分配管32中心線321 由點S1到點S2之流動路徑距離，復參閱第3圖所示，ΔΡ爲流動時所需之全壓力差。 此時，由於點S1到點S2間之全壓力差ΔΡ，可表示爲：1234510 发明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a molding equipment and method for producing thin sheet materials, especially a specially designed distributor that melts thermoplastic materials into it during steady-state production. The static pressure distribution automatically balances, and after the thermoplastic material is evenly distributed to both sides of the dispenser, it can produce a uniform thickness of thin plate material with a uniform flow through a nozzle set below. Forming equipment and method. [Previous technology] According to the current manufacturing method for producing sheet glass, one is the so-called "overflow fusion method". According to the US Patent No. 3,338,696, the method is known to have advantages in the produced sheet. Because the two sides of the glass are not in contact with any objects, they can obtain a fairly good surface quality, and can be cut directly without honing to obtain the desired thin glass finished product. However, because of the isopipe used in the "overflow fusion method" in the production of large-size thin-plate glass, the design technology not only needs to be quite precise, the difficulty is extremely high, and in the production process, the matching The relevant temperature control conditions are also very strict. Therefore, in order to make this traditional "overflow fusion method" to produce thin sheet glass of good quality, the cost and maintenance required by the manufacturer in its production equipment and subsequent processes The cost is naturally quite expensive. Another disadvantage of the "overflow fusion method" is that this process is not suitable for making thin plate glass with a thickness of less than 0.5mm. This is because the thinner the glass plate, the more difficult it is to form, let alone use the "overflow Fusion method "when manufacturing thin glass, the formed thin glass is composed of the fusion of two thin glass plates. At this time, the thinner the glass plate, the faster the heat radiation during molding, which makes it difficult for the two thin glass plates to fuse. Causes a significant reduction in yield. In addition, when using the "overflow fusion method" to make sheet glass, the sheet glass is fused and formed at the roots of the isopipes. Therefore, if the pressure pipes (ls 〇pipe) If any damage occurs to the root of the pipe, resulting in residual air bubbles, the thin glass produced by it will become defective. At this time, because the root is integrated with the isopipe, the damaged root cannot be replaced independently. However, if the entire isopipe needs to be replaced, the cost, manpower and man-hours it consumes are naturally considerable. Another manufacturing method for producing thin glass is the so-called "slit-down drawing method", which is different from the above-mentioned n overflow fusion method. It is used to make thin-sheet glass. The "overflow fusion method" is early. In the traditional "narrow-hole drawing method", no distributor is provided, and only a nozzle forming device is installed below the forming pool. This can be learned from US Patent No. 2,880,551. The liquid level pressure of the molten glass of the nozzle forming device is the same. The disadvantage is that it is not easy to uniformly control the temperature of the molten glass in the forming pool, which causes the temperature and viscosity of the glass passing through the nozzle forming device to be inconsistent and unstable. Control the thickness of sheet glass. Therefore, when using the traditional "slim-hole drawing method" to make sheet glass, in order to effectively control the temperature of the molten glass, the size and volume of the forming pool cannot be too large, so the produced sheet glass is effective. The width is not large. Alas, although there are some disadvantages in the industry in order to improve the temperature of the molten glass, it is difficult to control. In US Patent No. 2,880,551, a molding equipment consisting of a platinum distributor and a nozzle is disclosed. Instead of the technology of the molding pool, platinum is used. The heating mechanism effectively controls the temperature distribution of the molten glass in the distributor, so that the distributor evenly distributes the molten glass to the nozzle outlet, and then pulls down to produce a larger-sized sheet glass. Because in this type of molding equipment, it is still necessary to control the temperature of the distributor to control the temperature distribution of the molten glass, and then achieve a uniform flow distribution. This will cause the molten glass to be pulled out of the nozzle. Different temperature distributions are produced on the glass, which can cause unevenness and brush marks on the thin glass during forming, which increases the difficulty of forming and controlling the thin glass. In view of the lack of the traditional methods of forming thin sheet materials, how to design a process that can effectively improve the traditional thermoplastic sheet material process to produce high-quality large-size sheet materials, and make the production equipment used have easy maintenance and low cost. Features have become an important issue that manufacturers of thermoplastic sheet materials urgently want to solve. [Summary of the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide a forming equipment and method for producing a thin plate material by using a slotted hole pull-down method. The forming equipment and method are mainly based on the theory of fluid mechanics to design a distributor, the distributor It includes a fluid distribution pipe with a special profile and a channel with a special width. The fluid distribution pipe is a flow of thermoplastic material that is homogeneous and melted in the steady state during the steady state production. The length direction of the side is linearly decreased, and the flow rate within the unit length of the fluid distribution pipe is made uniform, so that the static pressure distribution of the thermoplastic material in the fluid automatically tends to balance, so as to dissipate the thermoplastic material in the fluid distribution pipe due to the thermoplasticity. Distortion of fluid pressure caused by material flow, and after the thermoplastic material is evenly distributed to both sides of the fluid distribution pipe, it can vertically flow down to the channel, and effectively control the flow rate of the thermoplastic material along the channel. With a uniform unit length flow, pass through the narrow slot of a nozzle set below the channel, Longitudinal direction of the adapter, to produce a uniform thickness sheet material. Another ^ object of the present invention is to use the mathematical formula 'set § ten out of one' according to the theory of fluid mechanics to simply and easily 1234510 shape and channel width of the fluid distribution pipe made of platinum material, so that the thermoplastic material consists of The flow rate of the fluid distribution pipe above the middle and to the ends of both sides of the fluid distribution pipe is zero, so that the thermoplastic material is evenly distributed to the symmetrical sides of the fluid distribution pipe, and then can flow vertically downward into the channel, and The uniform flow of the thermoplastic material is maintained along the length of the channel, so that the produced sheet material can obtain a uniform thickness. Therefore, the forming equipment and method of the present invention can produce thinner sheet glass than the traditional “overflow fusion method”. According to current conservative estimates, at least 0.3mm or even thinner sheet glass can be produced. In order to respond to the characteristics of thinner and lighter products in the future market. Yet another object of the present invention is to ensure that the produced sheet material can maintain a uniform thickness distribution during the stable production process. The thermoplastic material supplied to the distributor must be made from its inlet end to its outlet end. Can maintain the same temperature (or viscosity) of the thermoplastic material. Therefore, when designing the outline of the two sides of the dispenser, the present invention uses a special mathematical formula to The centerline of a unit length corresponds to the included angle in the horizontal direction. It is designed to decrease symmetrically to both sides of the fluid distribution pipe to achieve the purpose of uniformly distributing the flow rate. At the same time, the potential energy of the thermoplastic material within each unit length is eliminated. The static pressure loss of the flow in the fluid distribution pipe makes the static pressure of the thermoplastic material at any position in the fluid distribution pipe tend to be uniform and more stable. Yet another object of the present invention is to design a specific width of the channel according to the theory of fluid mechanics and mathematical formula to make the thermoplastic material flow within any unit length of the fluid distribution pipe without the need for a flow pressure difference. Only by its own gravity, it flows through the channel along the direction of gravity, so that the thermoplastic material flowing through the channel can pass a uniform flow through the nozzle outlet to produce a thin sheet material with a uniform thickness. Yet another object of the present invention is to design the same horizontal included angles corresponding to the center line of each unit length of the fluid distribution pipe according to fluid mechanics theory and mathematical formulas, but along the fluid distribution pipe. In the length direction, the diameter of the fluid distribution pipe corresponding to each unit length is designed to be symmetrically tapered to both sides of the two fluid distribution pipes to achieve uniform distribution of the flow rate and eliminate the fluid at the same time. The static pressure loss of the flow in the distribution pipe makes the static pressure of the thermoplastic material at any position in the fluid distribution pipe more consistent. Another object of the present invention is that the molding equipment is composed of a distributor and a nozzle, wherein the distributor is used to distribute the flow of the thermoplastic material, and the nozzle is responsible for the molding of the sheet material. It is a separable two independent components, so if the nozzle is damaged during the production of thin plate material, the quality of the surface of the thin plate material is deteriorated (air bubbles or other defects occur), it is only necessary to replace the nozzle separately. It completely eliminates the need to disassemble, replace, assemble and adjust the entire molding equipment, so it greatly reduces the time and cost required for maintenance and effectively improves the overall production efficiency. 1234510 In order that the review committee can have a better understanding and understanding of the outline, structure, design principles and effects of the present invention, a few examples are given, and the drawings are described in detail as follows: [Embodiment] This The invention relates to a forming equipment and method for producing a thin plate material by using a slotted hole pull-down method. The forming equipment and method are mainly based on a theory of fluid mechanics to design a distributor. The distributor includes a fluid distribution tube with a special contour and a A channel with a special width, in which the fluid distribution pipe, during steady state production, causes the flow of the thermoplastic material which is homogeneous and melted, to decrease linearly along the length of the two sides of the fluid distribution pipe, and The flow rate within the unit length of the fluid distribution tube is consistent, so that the static pressure distribution of the thermoplastic material in it will automatically balance, and after the thermoplastic material is evenly distributed to both sides of the fluid distribution tube, it can be vertically downward Flow to the channel, and pass through the slotted nozzles set below the channel with a consistent unit length flow. With a length direction to produce a uniform thickness sheet material. It should be particularly stated here that, in each of the embodiments described below, the present invention uses a glass material as one of the thermoplastic materials. However, the present invention is not limited to the actual implementation. Therefore, anyone skilled in the art, using other thermoplastic materials, using the molding equipment and method of the present invention to produce other sheet materials, is within the scope of the present invention to claim protection. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to the front view of the molding equipment shown in FIG. 1, the molding equipment is composed of a distributor 20 and a nozzle 50, wherein the distributor 20 is composed of a The supply pipe 10, a joint 33, two fluid distribution pipes 32, and a channel 40 are formed above the distributor 20 for introducing the thermoplastic material. In the preferred embodiment, The thermoplastic material is a homogeneous molten glass that has been stirred evenly; the joints 33 are used to connect the supply pipe 10 and the two-fluid distribution pipe 32, respectively, so that the two-fluid distribution pipes 32 are symmetrically arranged in the distributor. 20 on both sides, so that the molten glass introduced by the supply pipe 10 passes through the joint 33 and enters the two-fluid distribution pipe 32 respectively, and along the center line 321 of the two-fluid distribution pipe 32, The side flow to the ends 322 of the fluid distribution pipe 32 can be evenly distributed to both sides of the dispenser 20. To achieve this, the two fluid distribution pipes 32 must be designed so that the flow rate of the molten glass therein decreases linearly along the length of the fluid distribution pipe 32. The channel 40 is provided with a slot with a rectangular cross section, one end of which is connected to the bottom edge of the two fluid distribution pipe 32 along the length direction and communicates with the two fluid distribution pipe 32 so as to flow into the two fluid distribution pipe. The molten glass of 32 can flow down through the slot of the channel 40 to the nozzle 50 connected to the other end of the channel 40 at the end 1234510, and pass through the outlet 501 of the nozzle 50 at a uniform flow rate. In the length direction of the dispenser 20, a thin plate glass with a uniform thickness is manufactured. In order to more specifically explain the flow path of the molten glass in the distributor 20 and how to produce a thin sheet glass with the same thickness, the distributor 20 shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4 is taken as an example in detail. The description is as follows: In the preferred embodiment, in order for the molten glass flowing through the distributor 20 to pass through the outlet of the nozzle 50 at a uniform flow rate, the centerline 321 of the two-fluid distribution pipe 32 must be based on In the theory of fluid mechanics, according to a special mathematical formula, the shape and width of the fluid distribution pipe 32 and the channel 40 are calculated and designed, so that when the distributor 20 produces thin plate glass under steady state, the fluid distribution pipe 32 can be made The flow rate of the molten glass inside is linearly decreasing along the length direction of the fluid distribution pipe 32, and the flow rate within the unit length of the fluid distribution pipe is made uniform, so that the static pressure distribution of the molten glass in it is automatically It tends to be balanced, and after the molten glass is evenly distributed to both sides of the two-fluid distribution pipe 32, it can flow vertically to the channel 40 and pass through the nozzle 50 at a uniform flow rate, following the pull method, along the distributor 20 lengthwise, Produces sheet glass of uniform thickness. As shown in FIG. 3 again, after the molten glass is introduced into the joint 33 from the supply pipe 10, its flow rate 0 will be divided into two and flow to both sides of the two fluid distribution pipes 32 until When respectively flowing to the ends 322 of the two-fluid distribution pipe, the flow rate of the thermoplastic material becomes zero. Referring to FIG. 4 again, if the center line 321 of the two fluid distribution pipe 32 at any position along its length direction corresponds to its horizontal line, each of the 7] c flat angles 屺 formed is designed to be more toward the The smaller the horizontal angle & of the end 322 of the two-fluid distribution pipe 32, the slower the flow velocity of the thermoplastic material in the two-fluid distribution pipe 32 toward the end 322, that is, the melting in the fluid distribution pipe 32 The flow rate of the molten glass can be linearly decreased along the length direction of the fluid distribution pipe 32, and the flow rate within a unit length of the fluid distribution pipe 32 can be made uniform to achieve the purpose of uniformly distributing the flow rate. In this way, the molten glass flowing in any position on the centerline 321 of the two fluid distribution pipes 32 will be eliminated by its position at the same time due to the design of the horizontal angles 屺The static pressure loss of the internal flow makes the static pressure of the molten glass at any position in each of the fluid distribution tubes 32 tend to be uniform and more stable. The channel 40 connected to the bottom edge of the two-fluid distribution pipe 32 also needs to be analyzed by fluid mechanics so that the designed slot width can be properly distributed through the two-fluid distribution pipe 32 and in each unit. The molten glass whose flow rate tends to be the same throughout the length can maintain a consistent flow through the nozzle 50. In addition, in the distributor 20, the molten glass in the channel 40 is affected by the gravity and vertically downwards. Flow, therefore, in the preferred embodiment, when designing the slot width of the channel 40, this feature is used to fully transfer the ability of the molten glass to flow downwards by gravity (or the weight of the molten glass itself). 1234510%, no need to exert additional force on it, that is to say, it does not rely on the pressure difference to maintain the flow rate per unit length. It also ensures that the molten glass flowing through the channel 40 can pass through the nozzle 50 at a uniform flow rate. The outlet 501 produces a sheet glass of uniform thickness. According to this, if it is desired to change the thickness of the thin plate glass produced, it is only necessary to change the width of the exit 501 'of the nozzle 50 by changing the nozzle 50 to produce thin plate glass of different thicknesses. In the preferred embodiment, in order to make the static pressure of the thermoplastic material at any position within each of the fluid distribution tubes closer to each other, when designing the fluid distribution tube 32 according to the fluid mechanics theory and mathematical formulas, due to the The overall structure of the fluid distribution pipe 32 is bilaterally symmetrical, as shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4, so only half of the structure is analyzed here according to the Hogen-Poiseuilie equation. The cross-sectional flow rate at any position z on the fluid distribution pipe 32 corresponding to a certain horizontal angle θζ is as follows: (Q \ πχΌΛ ΑΡ — = -X- \ 2) 2 128x77 Ay, where 2 is the flow rate of the molten glass (cm3 / sec), 77 is the viscosity of the molten glass, D is the diameter (cm) of the fluid distribution tube 32, p is the density (g / cm3) of the molten glass, and & is along the fluid distribution tube 32 Centerline 321 is the distance of the flow path from point S1 to point S2. Refer to Figure 3 again, ΔP is the total pressure difference required for flow. At this time, due to the total pressure difference ΔP between the points S1 and S2, it can be expressed as:
AP = Psl-Ps2+ pxgxAH ，其中爲位差，Psl爲在點S1之靜壓力，Ps2爲在點S2之靜壓力，g爲重力加速度 980(cm/sec2)。若融熔玻璃流動時所需之全壓力差ΔΡ，完全係由位差Δ//提供，則流動 時將不會造成靜壓力差，即乙=乃2。故在流體分配管32之長度方向上的任一位置z之 壓力梯度可表示爲： --=pxgxsin0z As ，因此，該流體分配管32在對應於某一7jc平夾角R之任一位置z之截面流量，將可改 寫成如下所示： (〇λ D4 . ^ —=K\x ——xsm07 η 10 1234510 ，其中&爲一常數，據上所述，由於該最佳實施例期望融熔玻璃在該流體分配管32之 每一單位長度上之流量能趨於一致，意即由供料管10導入之融熔玻璃中，一半流量 (2/4係分別沿著該流體分配管32之長度方向，作線性遞減，其公式如下： =-const. Φ/4 dz ，若代入其入口條件z = 03导=导〕，與端點條件z = [夸)=〇，則經微分方 程式，可解析得其流量分配公式如下： (Q) (Q^ X il z 1 UJ z UJ in l L/2) 藉由上述流量分配公式，可決定沿該流體分配管32長度上任一位置ζ之流量大小，· 嗣再藉該流體分配管32之截面流量公式，即可決定中心線321上每一位置ζ之水平夾 角&。在該最佳實施例中，每一位置ζ之水平夾角&的特性均不會造成流動的靜壓損失。 另，爲令流經該渠道40之融熔玻璃，能以一致之流量通過該噴嘴50之出口 501， 該最佳實施例在根據流體力學理論，依數學公式，計算該渠道40之特定寬度4〇1時， 特將該渠道40視爲二垂直豎立且相互平行之平板，參閱第5及6圖所示，並將該二平 板間之融熔玻璃之流動視爲在無限延伸之平板間之垂直流動，加以分析計算。理論上， 在穩態之流動情形下，配合質量守衡方程式(Continuous equation)，且僅考慮沿地心 引力方向3^之流動，可得其流體動量方程式(Navier-Stokes equation)如下：AP = Psl-Ps2 + pxgxAH, where is the disparity, Psl is the static pressure at point S1, Ps2 is the static pressure at point S2, and g is the acceleration of gravity 980 (cm / sec2). If the full pressure difference ΔP required for the molten glass to flow is completely provided by the potential difference Δ //, then the static pressure difference will not be caused during the flow, that is, B == 2. Therefore, the pressure gradient at any position z in the length direction of the fluid distribution pipe 32 can be expressed as:-= pxgxsin0z As, therefore, the fluid distribution pipe 32 is at any position z corresponding to a certain 7jc flat angle R The cross-sectional flow can be rewritten as follows: (〇λ D4. ^ — = K \ x ——xsm07 η 10 1234510, where & is a constant. According to the above, because the preferred embodiment expects fusion The flow rate of the glass on each unit length of the fluid distribution pipe 32 can be uniform, which means that in the molten glass introduced by the supply pipe 10, half of the flow rate (2/4 is along the fluid distribution pipe 32 respectively). The length direction is linearly decreasing, the formula is as follows: = -const. Φ / 4 dz, if it is substituted into its entry condition z = 03 derivative = derivative], and the endpoint condition z = [quad] = 0, then through the differential equation, The flow distribution formula can be analyzed as follows: (Q) (Q ^ X il z 1 UJ z UJ in l L / 2) With the above flow distribution formula, the flow rate at any position ζ along the length of the fluid distribution pipe 32 can be determined Size, · 嗣 Borrow the formula for the cross-section flow of the fluid distribution pipe 32 to determine each position ζ on the center line 321 Horizontal angle & In this preferred embodiment, the characteristics of the horizontal angle & at each position ζ will not cause static pressure loss of the flow. In addition, to make the molten glass flowing through the channel 40, A uniform flow passes through the outlet 501 of the nozzle 50. When the preferred embodiment calculates a specific width of the channel 40 of 401 according to a mathematical formula based on fluid mechanics theory, the channel 40 is specifically regarded as two vertical and vertical For parallel flat plates, refer to Figures 5 and 6, and consider the flow of molten glass between the two flat plates as a vertical flow between infinitely extending flat plates, and analyze and calculate. In theory, the steady-state flow situation Next, with the continuous equation of mass, and considering only the flow in the direction of gravity 3 ^, the fluid momentum equation (Navier-Stokes equation) can be obtained as follows:
dPdP
Sy ，其中V爲地心引力方向;;之流動速度V(cm/sec)，了表示沿地心引力方向之流動壓力 差。若帶入其邊界條件，解析上述方程式，將求得該流動速度v，此時，由於係以無限 平板進行分析，故其流量可以Z方向之單位長度之流量（)表示，即Sy, where V is the direction of gravity, and the flow velocity V (cm / sec) represents the difference in flow pressure along the direction of gravity. If the boundary conditions are taken into account and the above equation is analyzed, the flow velocity v will be obtained. At this time, since the analysis is performed on an infinite plate, the flow rate can be expressed by the flow rate () per unit length in the Z direction, that is,
Λ. L fvx办，再經解析後，即可得到如下公式： ΘΡ 11 1234510 ，其中尤爲一常數，負號(_)僅代表向下流動之物理意義，6爲該渠道40槽口之一半寬 度(cm)。該最佳實施例中，由於已將該流體分配管32設計成不需流動壓力差，僅靠融 熔玻璃之自身重力流動，故可令該流體分配管32上任一單位長度內之融熔玻璃流量分趨 於一致，因此，欲使該流體分配管32內單位長度流量爲^之融熔玻璃，以自身重量沿 地心引力方向流動，理論上，該種流動並不受；；方向流動距離影響，該渠道40槽口之 一半寬度6可以公式表不如下： 2χ77 = ΑΓ2χ63χΖ/ ，其中尤2爲一常數，L爲該流體分配管32在水平方向之長度或該分配器20之長度。因 此，依前述公式所設計之該分配器20，在融熔玻璃呈穩態流動之操作環境下，不僅各該 流體分配管32內任一位置之該融熔玻璃之靜壓力可趨於一致，流經該渠道40之融熔玻 璃亦能以一致之流量分佈，通過該噴嘴50之出口 501。 由於在前述最佳實施例中，當均質融熔玻璃在該分配器20內穩定流動時，其內部 壓力分佈將受該分配器20外型之限制，會自動往平衡狀態去變化，以達到令經該渠道 40內之融熔玻璃以一致之流量分佈在噴嘴50之出口 501之最終結果。因此’基於同樣 道理，在本發明之其它最佳實施例中，亦可根據流體力學理論，及前述數學公式’將各 該流體分配管32及該渠道40設計成其它之輪廓及槽口寬度。. 在本發明之另一最佳實施例中，參閱第7圖所示，係將該流體分配管82之每一單 位長度之中心線821所對應之水平夾角义均設爲相同，但沿該流體分配管82之長度方 向ζ，則令每一單位長度之該流體分配管所對應之管徑Ζ)，改變成漸縮狀態，如此，亦 可令該流體分配管82之每一單位長度內融熔玻璃之靜壓力趨於一致，且令流經該渠道 90之融熔玻璃，能以一致之流量通過該渠道90之出口 901。該另一最佳實施例在設計 該流體分配管82及渠道90時，係分別利用下列二公式，計算該流體分配管82之輪廓 及該渠道90之寬度：Λ. L fvx, and after analysis, you can get the following formula: ΘΡ 11 1234510, which is a constant in particular, the negative sign (_) only represents the physical meaning of downward flow, 6 is half of the channel's 40 slot Width (cm). In this preferred embodiment, since the fluid distribution pipe 32 has been designed so that it does not require a flow pressure difference, and only relies on the gravity of the molten glass, the molten glass within any unit length of the fluid distribution pipe 32 can be made. The flow rate tends to be consistent. Therefore, if the molten glass with a unit length of ^ in the fluid distribution pipe 32 is intended to flow in the direction of gravity due to its own weight, the flow is theoretically not affected; Influence, the one-half width 6 of the channel 40 slot can be expressed as follows: 2χ77 = ΑΓ2χ63χZ /, where especially 2 is a constant, and L is the length of the fluid distribution pipe 32 in the horizontal direction or the length of the distributor 20. Therefore, not only the static pressure of the molten glass at any position within each of the fluid distribution tubes 32 can be uniform under the operating environment in which the molten glass is in a steady state flow according to the distributor 20 designed according to the foregoing formula, The molten glass flowing through the channel 40 can also be distributed at a uniform flow rate through the outlet 501 of the nozzle 50. Because in the foregoing preferred embodiment, when the homogeneous molten glass flows stably in the distributor 20, its internal pressure distribution will be limited by the shape of the distributor 20 and will automatically change to an equilibrium state to achieve the order The final result of the molten glass passing through the channel 40 is distributed at the outlet 501 of the nozzle 50 at a uniform flow rate. Therefore, 'based on the same reason, in other preferred embodiments of the present invention, each of the fluid distribution pipe 32 and the channel 40 can be designed into other contours and slot widths according to the theory of fluid mechanics and the aforementioned mathematical formula'. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to FIG. 7, the horizontal angles corresponding to the center line 821 of each unit length of the fluid distribution pipe 82 are set to be the same, but along the The length direction ζ of the fluid distribution pipe 82 changes the diameter of the fluid distribution pipe corresponding to each unit length to a tapered state. In this way, the unit length of the fluid distribution pipe 82 The static pressure of the molten glass tends to be uniform, and the molten glass flowing through the channel 90 can pass through the outlet 901 of the channel 90 with a uniform flow. In another preferred embodiment, when designing the fluid distribution pipe 82 and the channel 90, the following two formulas are respectively used to calculate the outline of the fluid distribution pipe 82 and the width of the channel 90:
〔警 = K{xD4 xsin9z » =： K2xb3 xL ，其中2爲融熔玻璃之流量(cmVsec)，爲融熔玻璃之黏度(poise)，Z)爲該流體分配 管82之管徑(cm)，Α及Κ2分別爲一常數，6爲該渠道90槽口之一半寬度(cm)，L爲 該流體分配管82在水平方向之長度或該分配器70之長度。 12 1234510 依前述二最佳實施例所述可知，在設計該流體分配管時，無論係採用管徑固定，但 每一單位長度所對應之水平夾角，沿其長度方向遞減之設計，或採用每一單位長度所對 - 應之水平夾角固定，但管徑則沿其長度方向遞減之設計，該薄板玻璃之成型黏度或產量 . 變化，均需符合β X % = a X %之限制，否則，將會令該流體分配管及渠道內之融熔玻 璃在該噴嘴出口上均勻之流量分佈功能失真。另一種調整流量之方法，則是藉改變該噴 嘴之開口寬度，以生產出不同厚度之薄板玻璃，惟，此時亦需配合調整融熔玻璃之黏度， 令其符合β X 77ι = 02 X %之限制。 綜上所述，由於前述二最佳實施例所設計出之分配器，可令分配器內融熔玻璃之壓 ^ 力分佈自動趨於平衡，而不受其長度方向上之限制，因此，本發明之方法及設備特別適 於用以生產更寬且厚度一致之大尺寸薄板玻璃，其與傳統「溢流下拉法」相比較，不僅 · 成本低廉，維修保養容易，且在作業期間，其分配器內融熔玻璃之溫度、流量及拉引速 度均較易被保持在固定狀態，有效避免了傳統「溢流下拉法」在利用兩片薄板玻璃融結 合成一片薄板玻璃時，因強烈之輻射冷卻，造成兩片薄板玻璃在融合成型上發生困難之 缺點。雖然，本發明之方法及設備所生產出之薄板玻璃，其表面未若「溢流下拉法」優 良，惟由於表面之品質僅需經由初步硏磨，即可輕易達到客戶之要求，故本發明在成型 後之設備及環境上之要求，不需特別嚴苛，因此，可大幅縮減維護及保養所需之成本。 以上所述，僅爲本發明最佳具體實施例，惟本發明之構造特徵並不侷限於此，任何 熟悉該項技藝者在本發明領域內，可輕易思及之變化或修飾，皆可涵蓋在以下本案之專 利範圍。 · 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係本發明之一最佳實施例之薄板材料成型設備之立體透視圖。 第2圖係第1圖所示之薄板材料成型設備之分配器之正視圖。 第3圖係第1圖所示之薄板材料成型設備之分配器之縱向剖面及其內融熔玻璃之 流動分配過程示意圖。 第4圖係第1圖所示之分配器上每一單位長度之流體分配管之縱向剖面示意圖。 第5圖係第1圖所示之薄板材料成型設備之分配器之上視圖。 第6圖係第1圖所示之分配器之橫向剖面示意圖。 13 1234510 第7圖係本發明之另一最佳實施例之分配器之縱向剖面示意圖 主要部分之代表符號： 供料管 ........................ 10 分配器 ........................ 20、70 流體分配管 ........................ 32、82 流體分配管之中心線 ........................ 32卜821 流體分配管之末端 ........................ 322 流體分配管之出口 ........................ 323 接頭 ........................ 33 渠道 ........................ 40、90 渠道之寬度 ........................ 401 渠道之出口 ........................ 901 噴嘴 ........................ 50 噴嘴之出口 ........................ 501[Alarm = K {xD4 xsin9z »=: K2xb3 xL, where 2 is the flow rate (cmVsec) of the molten glass, is the viscosity of the molten glass, and Z) is the diameter (cm) of the fluid distribution tube 82, A and K2 are constants, 6 is a half width (cm) of the 90 slot of the channel, and L is the length of the fluid distribution tube 82 in the horizontal direction or the length of the distributor 70. 12 1234510 According to the foregoing two preferred embodiments, when designing the fluid distribution pipe, whether the pipe diameter is fixed, but the horizontal included angle corresponding to each unit length is gradually reduced along its length, or For a unit length-the corresponding horizontal angle is fixed, but the diameter of the pipe decreases along its length. The forming viscosity or output of the sheet glass must comply with the limit of β X% = a X%, otherwise, It will distort the uniform flow distribution function of the molten glass in the fluid distribution pipe and the channel on the nozzle outlet. Another method to adjust the flow rate is to change the opening width of the nozzle to produce thin plate glass of different thicknesses. However, at this time, it is also necessary to adjust the viscosity of the molten glass so that it conforms to β X 77ι = 02 X% Restrictions. In summary, because the distributor designed in the foregoing two preferred embodiments can make the pressure distribution of the molten glass in the distributor automatically balance, without being limited by its length, therefore, this The method and equipment of the invention are particularly suitable for the production of larger and thinner sheet glass with a uniform thickness. Compared with the traditional "overflow down-draw method", it is not only low-cost, easy to maintain, but also allocated during operation. The temperature, flow rate and pulling speed of the molten glass in the vessel are relatively easy to maintain in a fixed state, which effectively avoids the traditional "overflow down-drawing method". When two sheets of glass are fused to form a sheet of glass, strong radiation Cooling causes the disadvantage that two pieces of sheet glass have difficulty in fusion molding. Although the surface of the thin glass produced by the method and equipment of the present invention is not as good as the "overflow down-draw method", but the surface quality can easily meet the customer's requirements only through preliminary honing, so the present invention The requirements on the equipment and environment after molding do not need to be particularly strict, so the cost required for maintenance and maintenance can be greatly reduced. The above description is only the best embodiment of the present invention, but the structural features of the present invention are not limited to this. Any changes or modifications that can be easily considered by those skilled in the art in the field of the present invention can be covered. The scope of patents in this case is as follows. [Brief description of the drawings] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a sheet material forming equipment according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a front view of a dispenser of the sheet material forming equipment shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the distributor of the thin-plate material forming equipment and the flow distribution process of the molten glass in the device shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a fluid distribution tube per unit length on the distributor shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a top view of the dispenser of the sheet material forming equipment shown in Fig. 1. Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the distributor shown in Figure 1. 13 1234510 Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a distributor according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The main symbols are: ..... 10 Distributors ..... 20, 70 Fluid distribution tubes ... ............ 32, 82 Centerline of the fluid distribution pipe .............. 32 Bu 821 End of piping .............. 322 Outlet of fluid distribution pipe ... ........ 323 connector ..... 33 channel ............... ......... 40, 90 channel width ......... 401 channel export ... ...... 901 Nozzle .............. 50 Nozzle outlet ... ..................... 501