TWI292723B - Fine-pored catalyst and process for hydrogenating aromatic compounds - Google Patents
Fine-pored catalyst and process for hydrogenating aromatic compounds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI292723B TWI292723B TW092119479A TW92119479A TWI292723B TW I292723 B TWI292723 B TW I292723B TW 092119479 A TW092119479 A TW 092119479A TW 92119479 A TW92119479 A TW 92119479A TW I292723 B TWI292723 B TW I292723B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- group
- acid
- hydrogenation
- carrier material
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 40
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 23
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001334 alicyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- OWIUPIRUAQMTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbazic acid Chemical compound NNC(O)=O OWIUPIRUAQMTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 58
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 14
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 56
- -1 dioctyl ester Chemical class 0.000 description 30
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisononyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCC(C)C HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- YCZJVRCZIPDYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditridecyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC YCZJVRCZIPDYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 102100035474 DNA polymerase kappa Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 101710108091 DNA polymerase kappa Proteins 0.000 description 7
- PGIBJVOPLXHHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-decyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCC PGIBJVOPLXHHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisobutyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(C)C MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- CMCJNODIWQEOAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-butoxyethyl)phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCOCCCC CMCJNODIWQEOAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C(=O)N)=CC2=C1 GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZVFDTKUVRCTHQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisodecyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC(C)C ZVFDTKUVRCTHQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QQVHEQUEHCEAKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diundecyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCC QQVHEQUEHCEAKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SIXWIUJQBBANGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1h-pyrazol-5-amine Chemical compound N1N=CC(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C1N SIXWIUJQBBANGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XZOYHFBNQHPJRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methyloctanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCC(O)=O XZOYHFBNQHPJRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IRIAEXORFWYRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylbenzyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 IRIAEXORFWYRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004805 Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930182558 Sterol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRADHMIOFJQKEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tri-2-ethylhexyl trimellitate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)C(C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)=C1 KRADHMIOFJQKEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005575 aldol reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous diethylene glycol Natural products OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GCAIEATUVJFSMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O GCAIEATUVJFSMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(O)=O QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FNQCJNQUVQXXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl decanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 FNQCJNQUVQXXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DROMNWUQASBTFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinonyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCCC DROMNWUQASBTFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MQHNKCZKNAJROC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCC MQHNKCZKNAJROC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYCNBIYTZSGSPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC(C)(C)C RYCNBIYTZSGSPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLAHAXOYRFRPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DLAHAXOYRFRPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- NCDCLPBOMHPFCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCC NCDCLPBOMHPFCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003021 phthalic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003432 sterols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-Isoprenaline Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZJTUOGZUKFLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclooctane Chemical group CC1CC(C)CC(C)CC(C)C1 BZJTUOGZUKFLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC(C(O)=O)CC1 PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCO XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical class CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOHNPRHIYSPRSW-SVBPBHIXSA-N 1-o-dodecyl 2-o-[(2r,3s)-3-ethyl-2-propylhexyl] benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC[C@H](CCC)[C@@H](CC)CCC JOHNPRHIYSPRSW-SVBPBHIXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILVKYQKHSCWQAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-o-heptyl 2-o-undecyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCC ILVKYQKHSCWQAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKUSIKGSPSFQAC-RRKCRQDMSA-N 2'-deoxyinosine-5'-diphosphate Chemical compound O1[C@H](CO[P@@](O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1N1C(NC=NC2=O)=C2N=C1 BKUSIKGSPSFQAC-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGUFZILIVUBHAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-decoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O RGUFZILIVUBHAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHSGHEXYEABOKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-benzoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AHSGHEXYEABOKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOC(C)=O JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFDQLDNQZFOAFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzoyloxyethyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XFDQLDNQZFOAFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004808 2-ethylhexylester Substances 0.000 description 1
- MWGLONBQVRAPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid;terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O MWGLONBQVRAPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKHMKHBSASMXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-o-nonyl 1-o-octyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC ZKHMKHBSASMXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-isoindole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CNC=C21 VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAYIPGIFANTODX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dimethylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O HAYIPGIFANTODX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAOABCKPVCUNKO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 8-methylnonanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCC([O-])=O OAOABCKPVCUNKO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AOGVOEBJDZODKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonyl decanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC(C)C AOGVOEBJDZODKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical class CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- YIMYNKRWKXPSMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C=1C(C(=O)OC)=CC=CC1)(=O)OC.C1(C(CCCC1)C(=O)O)C(=O)O Chemical compound C(C=1C(C(=O)OC)=CC=CC1)(=O)OC.C1(C(CCCC1)C(=O)O)C(=O)O YIMYNKRWKXPSMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWNFGHHVDIIBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=C(C=C(C=C1C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O.C1(=CC(=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=C(C=C(C=C1C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O.C1(=CC(=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O GWNFGHHVDIIBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUVZBYNPGWMHLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=1(C(=CC=CC1)C(=O)O)C(=O)O.C(CCCCCCCCC)(=O)O Chemical compound C=1(C(=CC=CC1)C(=O)O)C(=O)O.C(CCCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZUVZBYNPGWMHLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMVMVEZHMZTUHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-Propylene glycol dibenzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OC(C)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UMVMVEZHMZTUHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004803 Di-2ethylhexylphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KCXZNSGUUQJJTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-hexyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCC KCXZNSGUUQJJTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJFPVINAQGWBRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisooctyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCC(C)C IJFPVINAQGWBRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical class C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101500021084 Locusta migratoria 5 kDa peptide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001034843 Mus musculus Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWINTVPHHIJZJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=[N+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O Chemical compound O=[N+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O SWINTVPHHIJZJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001944 Plastisol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000184 acid digestion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IOIAYRVHJAWBDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid 8-methylnonanoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC(C)C)(=O)O.C(C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1)(=O)O IOIAYRVHJAWBDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BCSGAWBQJHXXSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(11-methyldodecyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C BCSGAWBQJHXXSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXRDMEGSBKPONF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methyloctyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(C)CCCCCC GXRDMEGSBKPONF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKUXNJPSPNDDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OCC(C)C)=C1 LKUXNJPSPNDDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTYUOIVEVPTXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-propylheptyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCC(CCC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CCC)CCCCC MTYUOIVEVPTXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JANBFCARANRIKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3-methylbutyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCC(C)C JANBFCARANRIKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKELNIPLHQEBJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(5-methylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCC(C)C RKELNIPLHQEBJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HORIEOQXBKUKGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(7-methyloctyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCOC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(=O)OCCCCCCC(C)C HORIEOQXBKUKGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC=C QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WXANAQMHYPHTGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium;ethyne Chemical compound [Ce].[C-]#[C] WXANAQMHYPHTGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940090961 chromium dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IAQWMWUKBQPOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Cr+4] IAQWMWUKBQPOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr]=O AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GCFAUZGWPDYAJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 3-phenylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 GCFAUZGWPDYAJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODAHYWDYDTUVMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol;hexan-1-ol;octan-1-ol;phthalic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCO.CCCCCCCCO.CCCCCCCCCCO.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O ODAHYWDYDTUVMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEHITPCNDNWPQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N didecyl benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCC)=C1 XEHITPCNDNWPQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004806 diisononylester Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MQKMBXOZOISLIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctadecyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC MQKMBXOZOISLIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LERGDXJITDVDBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OCCCCCCCC)=C1 LERGDXJITDVDBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930004069 diterpene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002649 leather substitute Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YRHYCMZPEVDGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl decanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC YRHYCMZPEVDGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YWWHKOHZGJFMIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O YWWHKOHZGJFMIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHDRADPXNRULGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C21 CHDRADPXNRULGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFFZOPXDTCDZDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,5-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1C(O)=O DFFZOPXDTCDZDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAWFFNJAPKXVPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 VAWFFNJAPKXVPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSKSILUXAHIKNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,7-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 JSKSILUXAHIKNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRRDCWDFRIJIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 HRRDCWDFRIJIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUJRRRAEVBRSIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+) pentanitrate Chemical compound [Nb+5].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KUJRRRAEVBRSIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YBVAXJOZZAJCLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O.O[N+]([O-])=O YBVAXJOZZAJCLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCO ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPZGPXWSVHWPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl decanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC HRPZGPXWSVHWPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004482 other powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical class [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanal Chemical compound CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004999 plastisol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000008 strontium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940087291 tridecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/462—Ruthenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/36—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/303—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by hydrogenation of unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/64—Pore diameter
- B01J35/647—2-50 nm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/66—Pore distribution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
1292723 玫、發明說明: (一) 發明所屬之技術領域 本發明乃有關芳族化合物之氫化,詳而言之,乃由對應 之芳族羧酸或其酯進行環核氫化而得脂環族多羧酸或其酯 ,本發明亦有關其觸媒。 (二) 先前技術 脂環族多羧酸例如環己烷-1,2-二羧酸乃用爲潤滑劑成分 ’並且是在金屬加工中做爲助劑。其亦可用爲聚烯烴及PVC 之助塑劑。 爲使PVC可塑化,主要是採用酞酸酯,如二丁酯、二辛 酯、二壬酯或二癸酯。近年來採用此等酞酸酯已有逐漸增 大的爭論,故其在塑膠之應用會受到限制。在文獻上已記 載某些脂環多羧酸酯可做爲塑膠的助塑劑,故其可做爲合 適的替代物。 在大多數的場合下,脂環族多羧酸之最經濟的製法是使 對應的芳族多羧酸酯(如前述之酞酸酯)做環核的氫化。爲 達此目的已有一些製程。 美國專利5,2 8 6 5 8 9 8號及5,3 1 9,1 2 9號所述的製程乃使對 酞酸酯二甲酯利用附有鎳、鉑及/或釕之鈀負載觸媒,於1 4(TC 或以上並在50至170巴爾之壓力下進行氫化’可得對應之 六氫化對酞酸二甲酯。 美國專利3,02 7,3 9 8號發表利用被負載之釕觸媒於1 10 至140 °C及35至105巴爾之壓力下使對酞酸二甲酯進行氫 化。德國專利2 8 2 3 1 6 5號發表利用被負載之鎳、釕、铑及/ •6· 1292723 或鈀觸媒於7 0至2 5 0 °C及3 0至2 Ο 0巴爾之壓力下使芳族 羧酸酯進行氫化而得對應之脂環族羧酸酯。其中採用平均 孔徑爲70奈米及BET表面積爲約30米2/克之大孔載體。 ‘ 世界專利9 9/3 242 7號及00/7 8 704號發表苯多羧酸酯進 ·-行氫化成對應之脂環化合物之製法。所用的負載觸媒包含 、 週期表VIII族過渡金屬單獨或配用至少一種I或VII族金 屬,並具大孔徑,較佳的V 111族過渡金屬爲釕。爲進行氫 化,採用平均孔徑及BET表面積實質上不同之三種不同的 觸媒類型· Φ 觸媒I :平均孔徑大於50奈米,BET表面積小於30米2/克 觸媒II :平均孔徑5至20奈米,BET表面積大於50米2/克 觸媒III :平均孔徑大於1〇〇奈米,BET表面積小於15米2/克 除孔徑外,由某些直徑所形成之孔體積亦有所規範。用 來製備觸媒Π之載體材料的孔徑分佈乃是有約5至約50% 的孔隙體積度由大孔(直徑約50奈米至1 0,0 0 0奈米)所構成 ,且有約70至約90%孔隙體積是由中孔(直徑約2至50奈 米)所構成。平均的孔徑爲約5至20奈米。 ® 氫化觸媒的活性及選擇性端賴於其表面性質,如孔徑、 B E T表面積或活性金屬之表面濃度。 用於使芳族羧酸或其酯之環核氫化的觸媒必須能提供高 反應速率,只會產生少量的副產物,而且有長的操作時間。 ~ 在連續操作法中,觸媒遭受機械、熱及化學的應力,改 · 變其孔徑及BET表面積,於是降低觸媒的活性及選擇性。 除機械的磨耗外,由於酸的消化作用,許多觸媒亦會擴 1292723 大孔隙體積及直徑。 芳族多羧酯酯往往含有少量的羧酸,而且在酯的環核氫化 時,亦會形成痕量的酸。由於結構的關係,多羧酸之部份酯 k 或多殘酸本身是呈酸性。因此,適用於連續製程之氫化觸媒 \ 必須能抵抗酸,即使在相當高溫的氫化條件下亦然。 、 觸媒的表面性質亦對其反應性有影響。目前的觸媒在此 方面都有改進之必要。 (三)發明內容 如今我們很驚奇發現含至少一種週期表的第八族過渡金 鲁 屬之觸媒,且其負載材料的平均孔徑爲2至5 0奈米,孔徑 分佈狹,有細孔的表面結構,則有高選擇率及空間-時間產 率地使芳族羧酸及/或其酯(全部或部份)進行氫化,而沒有 明顯地產生對應脂環族多羧酸或其酯。 因此本發明提供使芳族化合物進行氫化成對應脂環化合 物之觸媒,該觸媒含至少一種週期表第八族金屬,負載於 載體上或內,該載體之平均孔徑爲2至50奈米,且有91% 以上的載體材料之全孔隙體是得自於孔徑小於5 0奈米之 @ 小孔。 此型的觸媒特別適用於芳族化合物之氫化。本發明之主 . 題乃提供利用含至少一種週期表第八族金屬負載於載體上 _ 或內的觸媒,乃含氫氣體使芳族化合物進行催化氫化之製 · 程,其中載體材料之平均孔徑爲2至5 0奈米,有9 1 %以上 _ 的全部孔隙體積乃得自孔徑小於5 0奈米者。 原則上,觸媒可含有週期表第八族中任何一種過渡金屬 冬 1292723 BET法決定之)爲1 - 3 5 0米2/克,較佳爲1 -200米2/克,尤 佳爲1-100米2/克,特佳爲10-90米2/克或50-80米2/克或 1-40 米 2/克。 在本發明之具體實施例中,觸媒所用的載體材料全部孔 隙體積大超過95%,特別是超過97%之全體孔隙體積,乃 得自細孔及中孔,亦即2至5 0奈米。 本發明之觸媒的全部孔隙體積爲〇 · 2 5至0.5 0毫升/克, 尤其是0.28至0.43毫升/克。 用於製備本發明觸媒之載體爲固體,其平均孔徑及比表 面積在前述範圍內。所用的載體例如是下列材料:活性炭 、碳化矽、氧化鋁、氧化矽、矽酸鋁、二氧化鈦、二氧化 鉻、氧化鎂及/或氧化鋅或其混合物。此外,載體材料可包 含鹼金屬,鹼土金屬及V或硫。 用於製備本發明觸媒之起始材料較佳爲氫氧化鈦(偏鈦 酸)。偏鈦酸乃依傳統硫酸鹽法,以硫酸浸提鈦鐵礦以製造 二氧化鈦之中間體(參閱烏曼氏化學技藝大全,第4版,卷 18,1 97 9 年,5 74 頁)。 使經實質上移除硫酸,以脫礦質水洗及以硝酸進行部分 膠溶後含硫酸之偏鈦酸在4 90- 5 3 (TC煅燒而得銳鈦礦型之 硫酸可用氨或鹼金屬氫氧化物溶劑中和,接著以水洗而 去除之。另種脫酸法包含以水溶劑鋇鹽,如硝酸鋇、氯化 鋇或硫酸鋇洗含硫酸之偏鈦酸,然後以水洗。如此所得的 二氧化鈦包含鋇鹽及可能的小量的硫酸及硫酸鹽。 -10- 1292723 使如此所得之材料硏磨成所欲之顆粒尺寸並篩析。在混 合器,如捏合器或攪拌機中加入煆燒過的Ti〇2粉末及/或 Ti〇2粉末混合物,並加入水及助塑劑,然後在例如擠壓機 或造錠機等成形機中,形成所欲之形狀。然後在8 0 - 1 2 0 t 乾燥,並於4 5 0 - 5 5 0 °C之煅燒,可得具有依本發明孔隙結構 之二氧化鈦載體成品。爲改善二氧化鈦載體之機械穩定性 質’較佳爲如德國專利4 4 1 9 9 7 4號所述,採用至少兩種不 同顆粒尺寸分佈之二氧化鈦混合物以製備載體。 若二氧化鈦載體有用鋇鹽改質,則鋇之含量在丨.〇至4 . 〇 重量%之間。自由硫酸鹽之含量爲1 · 0 · 5 · 5重量%。自由硫 酸鹽含量乃指氧化態爲6之硫計算,而非用硫酸鋇計算。 自由硫酸鹽之測定例如是在觸媒物質在水溶液中氧化處理 後進行滴定,因爲硫酸鋇爲實質不易溶解之鹽,不包含在 測定之範圍內。 本發明之觸媒乃由至少一種週期表第八族金屬及任意之 至少一種第一及/或第七族過渡金屬負載在合適的載體上 而得。亦可同時製備活性金屬及載體,亦即採用未負載之 觸媒。 負載操作可將載體飽浸金屬水溶液,如釕鹽水溶液;或 將合適金屬鹽溶液噴灑在載體上,或利用其他負載法。有 用週期表第一、七或八族過渡金屬之鹽包含適當金屬之硝 酸鹽、亞硝醯硝酸鹽、氫鹵酸鹽、碳酸鹽、羧酸鹽、乙醯 丙酮酸鹽、氯化錯合物、亞硝酸鹽錯合物或胺錯合物,較 佳爲硝酸鹽及亞硝醯硝酸鹽。 1292723 觸媒中除有週期表第八族過渡金屬外,尙可包含其他金屬 做爲活性成分,可同時或依序加入金屬鹽或金屬鹽溶液。 然後較佳爲在8 0至1 5 0 °C之溫度乾燥塗佈或浸飽金屬鹽 溶液之載體’並任意在2 0 0至6 0 0 °C之溫度煅燒。在分離 β〜 浸飽操作中,每次浸飽後就如前述乾燥觸媒,並任意煅燒 ~ 。諸活性成分施用之順序可自由選用。 或是活性成分之施用、乾燥及煅燒可在單一操作中進行。 例如可將金屬鹽水溶液噴灑在溫度2 0 0 °C以上的載體上。 依本發明之觸媒可加工成氫化時低流動阻抗之形狀,如 0 錠片、圓粒、押出物或環等形狀。加工成形可在製備觸媒 過程之任一點進行。 本發明之氫化製程可在液相或氣相中進行。氫化反應可 連續或分批地利用懸浮的觸媒或分段排於固定床中之觸媒 進行。依本發明之製程,較佳爲利用排在固定床中之觸媒 進行連續的氫化,其中在反應條件下,產物/反應物相主要 呈液態。 當氫化是利用排在固定床中的觸媒連續進行時,較佳爲 馨 在氫化前’先使觸媒轉變成活化形式。其方法是依溫度程 式’利用含氫之氣體使觸媒還原。此項還原可任意在滴流 _ 過觸媒之液相存在下進行。所用之液相可爲溶劑或氫化產 , 物。 - 爲本發明之目的,可選用各種不同的製程。其可絕熱, — 多變地或實質上等溫地進行,亦即在一或多階段中典型上 升溫小於1 0 °c。在後一場合中,所有反應器,較佳爲管形 -12- 1292723 反應器,可絕熱或實質上等溫地操作,或某些是絕熱操作 ’而其餘則實質上等溫地進行。亦可使芳族化合物只通過 反應器一次,或是產物循環操作。 較佳爲在本發明製程中在三相反應器中使混合之液/氣 相或液相同向流動,並依已知方式使氫化氣體分佈於液態 反應物/產物流中。爲了使液體分佈均勻,反應熱之有效移 除及高的空間-時間產率,反應器較佳爲以高的液體表面速 度進行’亦即每小時每米2的空反應器之截面體的體積流 量爲15至120,尤指25至80米3。若反應物連續通過反 應器,則液體每小時之空間流速(L H S V )爲〇 · 1至1 〇小時d 之値。 氫化可在無溶劑存在下或較佳爲在溶劑存在下進行。有 用的溶劑乃會和反應物及產物形成均相溶液,在氫化條件 下呈惰性,且可容易地自產物中移除之任何液體。溶劑亦 可爲數種溶劑之混合液,並可包含水。 例如,下列物質可用爲溶劑:直鏈或環形醚,如四氫呋 喃或二噁烷,以及脂族醇(其中烷基含1至1 3個碳原子)。 所用的醇較佳爲異丙醇、正丁醇、異丁醇、正戊醇、2 -乙己醇、壬醇、工業級壬醇混合物、癸醇、工業級癸醇混 合物及十三烷醇。 若以醇爲溶劑,較有利的是採用醇或產物水解所形成之 醇混合物;u但排除酯基轉移所形成之副產物。另外較佳之 溶劑爲氫化產物本身。 採用溶劑可使反應器進料中芳族化合物的濃度被限制, 1292723 而能較容易控制反應器內的溫度。於是可使副反應最小化 而提升產率。反應器內芳族化合物含量較佳爲1至3 5 %, 特佳爲5至2 5 %。在以循環方法操作之反應器時,所欲的 濃度範圍可經循環比調整(循環的氫化流出物對反應物之 比)而獲致。 本發明之製程可在3至300巴爾,尤指15至200巴爾, 特佳爲50至200爾巴之壓力範圍內進行。氫化溫度爲50 至 250 °C ,尤指 1〇〇 至 200 °C。 所用之氫化氣體可爲任何所欲之含氫氣之氣體混合物, 但其中不含會使觸媒中毒的劑量,如一氧化碳或硫化氫。 可任意採用惰性氣體,而較佳爲氫氣之純度須大於9 5 %, 尤其是大於9 8 %。惰氣成分例如是氮或甲烷。 個別反應器可注入新鮮氫氣。但爲使氫氣消耗量及由廢 氣排掉之損失最小化,有利的是使一反應器之廢氣做爲另 一反應器之氫化氣。例如在串聯的兩反應器製程中,有利 的是在第二反應器飼入新鮮氫氣,而使第二反應器之廢氫 送回第一反應器。在此場合下,進料及氫化氣依相反順序 通過反應器。有利的是維持氫氣的過量’亦即就化學計量 而言,有低於3 0 %,尤指低於1 〇 %,特別是低於5 %的過量。 若低酞酸辛酯或壬酯或其混合物轉變成對應之1,2 -環己 烷二羧酯,較佳爲在串聯的兩反應器中於混合的液/氣或液 相中進行氫化。依循環法操作第一反應器’亦即使第一反 應器之氫化流出物及新鮮反應器通入第一反應器的頂部。 使第一反應器流出物之其他邰分連繪通過第一反應器進行 1292723 氫化。若不用一個大環形反應器’亦可採用許多串聯或並 聯的反應器。同樣地若不用一個單次通過的大反應器’亦 即採用許多串聯或片聯的反應器。但較佳爲採用單一的環 · 形反應器及直接通過單一反應器。依本發明之製程’酞酸 ·% 辛酯、-壬酯、-癸酯、或·十二烷酯之氫化較佳爲依下列條 、 件進行。 在第一反應器(環形反應器)之入口處,此等酞酸酯之濃 度在1至30%(以質量計),較佳爲2至10%,最佳爲3至 8°/〇。 · 在第一反應器之氫化流出物中,酞酸酯之濃度爲0.5至 2 0質量%,尤指1至1 0質量%。 在環形反應器中每小時液體空間流速(LHSV,新鮮反應 物升數/升觸媒·小時)爲0.1至5小時η,尤指0.5至3小 時·】。 環形反應器之表面流速爲10至米3/米2/小時,較佳 爲20至80米3/米2/小時,最好是40至60米3/米2/小時。 在環形反應器中之平均氫化溫度爲60至150°C,尤指7〇 · 至 120°C。 在環形反應器中氫化壓力爲25至200巴爾,尤指80至 w 1 00巴爾。 在第二反應器之流出物中,反應物之濃度小於0.3重量% * ,尤指小於〇 · 1重量%,特別是小於0.0 5重量%。 - 在第二反應器中每小時之液體空間流速(酞酸壬酯升數/ 每升觸媒/小時)爲1至2 0小時·1,尤指2至1 0小時_1。 -15- 1292723 在第二反應器中,平均溫度爲6 0至1 5 0 °C,尤指7 〇至 1 2 0 〇C 、 在第二反應器中氫化壓力爲25至200巴爾,尤指80至 1 1 0巴爾。 依本發明之製程可使例如芳族多及/或單羧酸或其衍生 物(尤指其烷酯)之芳族化合物轉變成對應之脂環族多羧酸 化合物。全酯及邰分酯均可氣化。全酯乃所有的酸基均酯 化之化合物。部分酯乃具至少一自由酸基(或任意之酐基) 及至少一酯基之化合物。 用於本發明製程之多羧酸較佳爲含2、3或4個酯官能基。 用於本發明製程之芳族化合物或多羧酸較佳爲苯、聯苯 ’萘及/或蒽之多羧酸,其酐及/或對應酯。所得之脂環族 多羧酸或其衍生物含至少一個或多個C 6環,任意經由C - C 鍵或稠合聯結之。 所用之殘酸酯的醇成分較佳爲包含C 1 _ 2 5分枝或末分末之 院基、環烷基或烷氧烷基。在一個多羧酸酯之分子內,其可 相同或不同,亦即其可爲相同或不同的異構物,或具相同或 +同的碳原子。値得注意的是亦可採用芳族系統的取代位置 不同者之混合物,如酞酸酯和對酞酸酯之混合物。 在較佳之實施例中,本發明提供苯-1,2 -、- 1 5 3 -或-1,4 -二 殘酸酯,及/或苯-1,2,3-、-1,3,5-或-1,2,4-三羧酸酯之氫化 法’亦即可獲得環己烷-1,2 -、- 1,3 -或-1,4 -二羧酸酯之異構 物’或環乙烷-1J,3-、-1,3,5-或-1,2,4-三羧酸酯之異構物 -16- 1292723 例如下列芳族羧酸之酯可用於本發明中:萘-1,2_二羧酸 、萘-1,3 -二羧酸、萘-1,4 -二羥酸、萘-1,5 -二羧酸、萘-1,6 _ 二羧酸、萘-1,7 -二羧酸、萘-1,8 -二羧酸、酞酸(苯-1,2 -二 羧酸)、異酞酸(苯-1,3 -二羧酸)、對酞酸(苯-1,4 -二羧酸)、 苯-1,2,3-三羧酸、苯-1,2,4-三羧酸(苯偏三酸)、苯-1,3,5-三羧酸(苯均三酸)、或苯-1,2,3,4 -四羧酸。亦可採用芳核上 之一個或多個氫被烷基、環烷基或烷氧烷基取代之酸。 可採用前述酸之烷酯、環烷酯或烷氧烷酯,此等基各自 獨立,含C2 5,尤指C 3 - ! 5,特指C 8 - 1 3,最好是C 9。此等 基可爲直鏈或分枝。若原料含一個以上之酯基,則其可爲 相同或不同。 可用於本發明之化合物例如是下列芳族多羧酸之酯:對 酞酸單甲酯、對酞酸二甲酯、對酞酸二乙酯、對酞酸二正 丙酯、對酞酸二丁酯、對酞酸二異丁酯、對酞酸二第三丁 酯、對酞酸單乙二酯、對酞酸二乙二酯、對酞酸正辛酯、 對酞酸二異辛酯、對酞酸二-2 -乙己酯、對酞酸二正壬酯、 對酞酸二異壬酯、對酞酸二正癸酯、對酞酸二正十一烷酯 、對酞酸二異癸酯、對酞酸二異十二烷酯、對酞酸二十三 烷酯、對酞酸二正十八烷酯、對酞酸二異十八烷酯、對酞 酸二正廿烷酯、對酞酸單環己酯、酞酸單甲酯、酞酸二甲 酯、酞酸二正丙酯、酞酸二正丁酯、酞酸二異丁酯、酞酸 二第三丁酯、酞酸單乙二酯、酞酸二乙二酯、酞酸二芷辛 酯、酞酸二異辛酯、酞酸二-2 -乙己酯、酞酸二正壬酯、酞 酸異壬酯、酞酸二正癸酯、酞酸二-2-丙庚酯、酞酸二異癸 -17 - 1292723 酯、酞酸二正十一烷酯、酞酸;:異十一烷酯、酞酸二十 烷酯、酞酸二正十八烷酯、酞酸二異十八烷酯、酞酸二 廿烷酯、酞酸單環己酯、酞酸=環己酯、異酞酸單甲酯 異酞酸二甲酯、異酞酸二乙酯、異駄酸二正丙酯、異酞 二正丁酯、異酞酸二異丁酯、異酞酸二第三丁酯、異酞 單乙二酯、異酞酸二正辛酯、裹酞酸二異辛酯、異酞酸 己己酯、異酞酸二正壬酯、異酞酸二異壬酯、異酞酸二 癸酯、異酞酸二正十一烷酯、異酞酸二異十一烷酯、異 酸二正癸酯、異酞酸二十三烷酯、異酞酸二正十八烷酯 異酞酸二異十八烷酯、異酞酸二正廿烷酯及異酞酸單環 酯。 本發明之製程原則上亦可應用於苯甲酸及其酯。其包 苯甲酸酯之二醇,如乙二醇二苯甲酸酯、二乙二醇苯甲 酯、三乙二醇二苯甲酸酯及丙二醇二苯甲酸酯,以及苯 酸烷酯。苯甲酸烷酯中之醇成分含C ! -2 5,較佳爲C 8 - ! 3。 等醇可呈直鏈或分枝。 亦可使用兩種或以上多羧酸酯之混合物。此等混合物 如可依下法得之: a) —種可用醇進行部分酯化之多羧酸,而得部分酯及完 酯。 b) 至少兩種之多羧酸的混合物可用醇進行酯化,而得至 兩完全酯之混合物。 c) 一種多羧酸可用醇混合物處理,而得完酯之混合物。 d) —種多羧酸可用醇混合物做部分酯化。 正 、 酸 酸 2- 正 酞 Λ 己 含 酸 甲 此 例 全 少 1292723 e) 至少兩種羧酸之混合物可用醇混合物進行部分酯化。 f) 至少兩種多羧酸之混合物可用醇混合物進行部分酯化。 在反應a)至f)中,若不用多羧酸,亦可用其酐。 工業上芳族酯往往是由其醇混合物製得,尤其是由前面 方法c )得完全酯。 對應之醇混合物包含以下例子: -由直鏈丁烯經氫甲醯化,接著氫化而得之c 5醇混合物; -由包含直鏈丁烯及異丁烯之丁烯混合物經氫甲醯化,接 著氫化而得之C 5醇混合物; -由戊烯或由兩種或以上戊烯混合物經氫甲醯化,然後氫 化所得之C 6醇混合物; •由三乙烯或二丙烯,或由己烯異構物或由另種乙烯異構 物之混合物,經由氫甲醯化接著氫化所得之c 7醇混合物; -由正丁醛經醛醇縮合反應,然後氫化所得之c 8醇混合物 ’如2 -乙己醇(兩種異構物); -由C 4烯烴經二聚化、氫甲醯化及氫化所得之c 9醇混合 物。製備C9醇之原料可爲異丁烯或直鏈丁烯混合物或直鏈 丁 j:希和異丁烯之混合物。C4烯烴可藉助於各種觸媒(如質子 酸、沸石、有機金屬鎳化物、或固態鎳觸媒)而進行二聚化 ° C s細煙混合物司利用銘觸媒或銘觸媒進彳了氯甲隨化。因 此’有許多種工業級的c9醇混合物; '由三丙烯經氫甲醯化,接著氫化而得之C ! 0醇混合物;由 戊醛經醆醇縮合,接著氫化而得之2-丙基庚醇(兩種異構物); -由至少兩種C 5醛混合物經醛醇縮合反應,接著氫化而得 -19- 1292723 之C i 0醇混合物; -由六乙烯、四丙烯或三丁烯經氫甲醯化,接著氫化所得 之C ! 3醇混合物; -由例如費托合成法、烴之脫氫、複分解反應、多氣體法 ,或其他工業製程所得之烯烴或烯烴混合物經氫甲酯化、 氫化而得之其他醇混合物。 具不同碳原子數之烯烴之烯烴混合物亦可用來製造醇混 合物。 在本發明之方法中,可採用由芳族多羧酸和前述醇混合 物而製備任何酯混合物。依本發明較佳爲由献酸或酞酐和 C6_13異構醇之混合物所製的酯。 可用於本發明製程之工業級酞酸酯例如包含下列商標之 產品。
Vestinol C (酞酸二正丁酯)(CAS No. 84-74-2); VestinoMB (酞酸二 異丁酯)(CAS No. 84-69-5); Jayflex DINP (CAS No. 68515-48-0); Jayflex DIDP (CAS No. 68515-49-1); Palatinol 9P (68515-45-7), Vestinol 9 (CAS No. 28553-12-0); TOTM (CAS No. 3319-31-1); Linplast 68-TM, Palatinol N (CAS No. 28553-12-0); Jayflex DHP (CAS No. 68515-50-4); Jayflex DIOP (CAS No. 27554-26-3); Jayflex UDP (CAS No. 68515-47-9); Jayflex DIUP (CAS No. 85507-79-5); Jayflex DTDP (CAS No. 68515-47-9); Jayflex L9P (CAS NO. 68515-45-7); Jayflex L911P (CAS No. 68515-43-5); Jayflex L11P (CAS No. 3648-20-2); Witamol 110 (CAS No. 68515-51-5); Witamol 118 (酞酸二正 C8_i〇 烷酯)(CAS No· 71662-46-9); Unimoll BB (CAS No. 85-68-7); Linplast 1012 BP (CAS No. 90193-92-3); Linplast 13XP (CAS No. 27253-26-5); Linplast 610P (CAS No. 68515-51-5); Linplast 68 FP (CAS No. 68648-93-1); Linplast 812 HP (CAS No. 70693-30-0); Palatinol AH (CAS No. 117-81-7); Palatinol 711 (CAS No. 68515-42-4); Palatinol 911 (CAS No. 68515-43-5); Palatinol 11 (CAS No. 3648-20-2); Palatinol Z (CAS No. 26761-40-0); Palatinol DIPP (CAS No. 84777-06-0); Jayflex 77 (CAS No. 71888-89-6); Palatinol 10 P (CAS No. 53306-54-0); Vestinol AH (CAS No. 117-81-7). -20- 1292723 用於芳族多羧酸或其酯之環核氫化之每種異構物之環核 氫化後可造成具至少兩種立體異構性氫化產物已被指出。 所得之諸立體異構物的比例端賴所用的觸媒及氫化條件。 具任何所欲比例之立體異構物的所有氫化產物可不必分 離即可使用。 本發明更提供本發明所得之脂環多羧酸酯在塑膠中做爲 助塑劑之應用。較佳之塑膠包含PVC,基於乙烯、丙烯、 丁二烯、醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸縮水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸縮 水甘油酯、丙烯酸酯、具C ! 0鏈成分枝之醇的烷基(其碳 連接酯基之氧原子)丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯或丙烯腈的同元聚合 物及共聚物、或環烯烴的同元或共聚物。 前述的塑膠之代表例有: 具相同或不同c4_8烷基(連接酯基之氧原子)之聚丙烯酸酯, 該烷基尤指正丁基、正己基、正辛基、2-乙己基或異壬基 ;聚甲基丙儲酸酯;聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯;丙烯酸甲酯-丙嫌 酸丁酯共聚物;甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯共聚物; 乙烯·醋酸乙烯酯共聚物;氯化聚乙烯;腈橡膠;丙烯腈_ 丁 一細-本乙;1¾共聚物;乙烯-丙嫌共聚物;乙;(:希-丙稀-二烯 共聚物;苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物;丙烯腈-丁二烯橡膠;苯 乙烯-丁二烯彈性體;甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯-丁二條共聚 物及/或硝基纖維素。 此外’依本發明所製之脂環族多羧酸酯可用來改質塑膠 混合物,如聚烯烴與聚醯胺之混合物。 塑膠和本發明之脂環族多羧酸酯之混合物亦屬本發明之 1292723 範圍之一部份。合適的塑膠如前述之化合物。此等混合物 較佳爲含至少5重量%,尤佳爲20至80重量%,最好是30 至7 0重量%的脂環族多羧酸酯。 含至少一種或多種本發明所製之脂環族多羧酸酯之塑膠 (尤指PVC)之混合物’例如在於下列產物中或可用於其製 程中: 電器(如厨房用電器)之外殻、電腦外殼、電唱機及電視機 之外殻及元件、管、裝置、電線電纜絕緣膠帶或窗框、室 內裝璜、車輛及家具、增塑溶膠、地板塗層、醫藥製品、 食品包裝、密封膠、薄膜、複合膜、唱片、合成皮、玩具 、包裝容器、膠帶膜、外衣,塗層及織物纖維。 除前述應用外,依本發明所製之脂環族多羧酸酯亦可用 爲潤滑劑成分,或冷卻液及金屬加工液之成分。其亦可用 爲染料、塗料、油墨及黏稠劑之成分。 (四)實施方式 茲以非限制本發明範圍之實施例說明,由本發明書及申 請專利範圍可明瞭其應用領域。 實例1 :依本發明之二氬化鈦觸媒載體之製法 將市售之偏鈦酸(H2Ti〇3),其通常爲含30質量%之二氧 化鈦及1 1重量%的硫酸之水懸浮液以過濾壓之輔助而適應 。就每仟克所使用的懸浮液而言。以5,000克水洗滌濾餅 。此溼濾餅通常含有4 1 . 5質量%的二氧化鈦和5 · 3質量% 的硫酸。 在室溫於1 0升攪拌槽中之3,0 〇 〇克濾餅和3 , 5 0 0克水之 1292723 懸浮液中加入8 5克硝酸鋇。加入硝酸鋇後,使一部分的硫 酸轉變成硫酸鋇。在室溫攪拌1小時後,過濾懸浮液。在 1 1 0 °C乾燥所得濾餅5小時,然後在5 2 0 °C煅燒3小時。此 時,呈三氧化硫形成之”自由硫酸鹽”含量進一步減少。 所得的固體通常含91.5質量%的二氧化鈦、5.5質量%的 硫酸鋇及3 . 1質量%的自由硫酸鹽。硏磨此固體成爲兩種粉 末類型,並篩析出欲的顆粒尺寸。一種粉末之顆粒尺寸爲 1至30微米’而另種粉末之顆粒尺寸爲20至500微米。 使此兩種粉末類型依1 /1比率混合。在每一仟克的粉末混 合物中,加入13克聚乙烯氧化物(聯合碳化物公司之polyox WSR301)、13 克甲基纖維素(Aqualon-Hercules GmbH 公司 之 Criminal MPHC50)、70 克玻璃纖維(Bayer 公司之 8031) 、70克之乙二醇及200克水。在捏合機中使所得混合物均 化,然後藉助於擠壓機加工成爲直徑1 · 5毫米及長度4至6 毫米之圓柱。在8 0 t乾燥押出物3小時,然後在4 5 〇它煅 燒5小時。 依實例1所製的本發明觸媒載體A的物理參數列於袠j 中。爲比較起見,亦列出工業上常用的載體B之參數,該 載體不能製得本發明的觸媒。 -23- 1292723 所用載體之性質 ---------- 材料 BET表面積 (克/米2,依 DIN 66131, 氮氣吸收 法) 平均孔徑 (奈米,依 DIN 66133 汞孔率法) 全部孔隙 體積 (毫升/克) 大孔之孔隙 體積比例 (%) 中孔及小 孔之孔隙 體積和的 比例 (%) 製造商或 設計型號 A:Ti〇2 75 14.8 0.33 <2 >98 H9063 B: 〇i άι2〇3 非本發明 7 206.5 0.64 >97 <3 Axence SP 512 ] 註:全部孔隙體乃孔隙直徑>7.6奈米的孔隙體積(以汞孔率 法測得)及孔隙直徑<7.6奈米的孔隙體積(以氮氣吸收 法測得)之和。
MiL 2及3 :氣化觸媒A及B之製法 爲製備基於表1所列之載體的氫化觸媒,先在80°C乾燥 氣體。乾燥後,以含有0 · 8重量。/〇釕之硝酸釕(瓜)水溶液浸 飽或噴乾。 爲浸飽載體,以水稀釋釕之硝酸溶液至其體積等於載體 之孔隙體積。 釕溶液依滴流方式施於載體材料上,或較佳爲旋轉載體 ,並做均勻的噴灑。在氮氣下於1 2 〇 °C乾燥後,使塗有釕 鹽之載體在200 °C用氫/氮混合氣(1:9)進行活化(還原)超過 6小時。 註:如此所製的觸媒在下式中,以原先的載體的大寫字母 爲代號’而活性金屬及其含量則註明在其後的括弧內。 -24- 1292723 亶.-例.3-6 :依下.述_之_11__^_^行氣化試驗 先將9 0.7克觸媒放在觸媒籃中,然後小心地於1 , 〇 〇 〇毫克 壓力反應器中依前法以氫氣流還原,然後和5 9 0克液態"酞 酸二異壬酯"(OXENO烯烴化學公司之Vestin〇1 9)混合。以 - 純氫使DINP進行氫化。原料氫化後,使反應器降壓,利用 · 氣體層析分析反應混合物之目標產物”環己烷-1,2 -二羧酸二 升酯M ( D IN C Η)之含量。D IN P之轉化率均大於9 9.9 %。
此等氫化例之實驗條件及其結果列於表2中 表2 : DINP氫化/氫化例 籲 氫化例 觸媒 反應物 壓力 (巴爾) 溫度 rc ) 反應時間 (小時) DINCH 含量% 3 A( 1 %Ru) DINP 200 80 2.5 99.4 4 A (1 % R υ) DINP 200 1 00 1 99.3 5 A (1 % R υ) DINP 50 120 0.8 99.6 6 比較例 B( 1 %Ru) DINP 200 80 20 99.4 由表可知本發明之觸媒Α的氫化活性明顯高於觸媒β。 -25-
Claims (1)
- 〆 ttuqm9^ 一一一.:一 Ί < %s.42,讲^ n M I .一^—,一:一―— 1 1 9 4 7 9號「用於氫化芳族化合物之網孔觸媒及方法」 專利案 (2006年12月28日修正) 拾、申請專利範圍:1 . 一種氫化芳族聚羧酸及/或單羧酸或其衍生物成對應之 脂環族化合物之觸媒,該觸媒含至少一種週期表第八族 過渡金屬負載於載體材料上或內,其中載體材料由可含 有鹼金屬、鹼土金屬及/或硫的二氧化鈦所組成且具有平 均孔徑爲2至50奈米,而載體材料全部孔隙體積超過95% 是得自於直徑小於50奈米之孔隙。 2.如申請專利範圍第1項之觸媒,其中載體材料之比表面 積爲1至3 5 0米2/克。 3 .如申請專利範圍第1或2項之觸媒,其中載體材料由具 1 . 〇至5 · 5質量%之自由硫酸鹽之二氧化鈦所組成。 4·如申請專利範圍第1項之觸媒,其中載體材料由含1 .〇 至4.0質量%之鋇含量之二氧化鈦所組成。 5 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之觸媒,其中該觸媒額外含至少一種週期表第一族過渡金屬。 6 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之觸媒,其中該觸媒額外含至少 一種週期表第七族過渡金屬。 7 · —種使用含氫氣體覆蓋觸媒催化性地氫化聚羧酸及/或 單羧酸或其衍生物之方法,其含有至少一種週期表第八 族過渡金屬負載於載體材料上或內,其中載體材料由可 含有鹼金屬、鹼土金屬及/或硫的二氧化鈦所組成且具有 平均孔徑爲2至50奈米,而載體材料全部孔隙體積超過 1292723 9 5 %是得自於直徑小於5 〇奈米之孔隙。 8 ·如申請專利範圍第7項之方法’其中載體材料之比表面 積爲1至3 5 0米2/克。 9 ·如申請專利範圍第7項之方法’其中載體材料由含1 . 0 至5 . 5質量%之自由硫酸鹽之二氧化欽所組成。 1 〇 .如申請專利範圍第7項之方法’其中載體材料由1 ·0至 4 · 0質量%之鋇含量之二氧化鈦所組成。 1 1 ·如申請專利範圍第7項之方法’其中觸媒額外含至少一 種週期表第一族過渡金屬。 1 2 ·如申請專利範圍第7項之方法,其中觸媒額外含至少一 種週期表第七族過渡金屬。 1 3 ·如申請專利範圍第7至1 2項中任一項之方法,其中所用 的芳族化合物爲苯、聯苯、萘、二苯醚、或蒽之羧酸, 其酐及/或對應之酯。 I4·如申請專利範圍第13項之方法,其中羧酸酯之醇成分爲 各自相同或不同之具Ci25之分枝或未分支之烷氧烷基、 環烷基及/或烷基。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10232868A DE10232868A1 (de) | 2002-07-19 | 2002-07-19 | Feinporiger Katalysator und Verfahren zur Hydrierung von aromatischen Verbindungen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW200403102A TW200403102A (en) | 2004-03-01 |
TWI292723B true TWI292723B (en) | 2008-01-21 |
Family
ID=30010232
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW092119479A TWI292723B (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2003-07-17 | Fine-pored catalyst and process for hydrogenating aromatic compounds |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20060041167A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1549603B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4490264B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100341838C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE457298T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003242651A1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE10232868A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2339937T3 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI292723B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004009526A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10232868A1 (de) | 2002-07-19 | 2004-02-05 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Feinporiger Katalysator und Verfahren zur Hydrierung von aromatischen Verbindungen |
EP1388528B1 (de) * | 2002-08-06 | 2015-04-08 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Verfahren zur Oligomerisierung von Isobuten in n-Buten-haltigen Kohlenwasserstoffströmen |
DE10257499A1 (de) * | 2002-12-10 | 2004-07-01 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 1-Olefinen durch katalytische Spaltung von 1-Alkoxyalkanen |
DE50309253D1 (de) * | 2003-05-09 | 2008-04-10 | Basf Ag | Kosmetische Zusammensetzungen enthaltend Cyclohexanpolycarbonsäurederivate |
DE102004029732A1 (de) | 2004-06-21 | 2006-01-19 | Basf Ag | Hilfsmittel enthaltend Cyclohexanpolycarbonsäurederivate |
US7569196B2 (en) * | 2004-09-16 | 2009-08-04 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Device for carrying out liquid reactions with fine-grained solid catalysts and method for the use thereof |
DE102004063637A1 (de) * | 2004-12-31 | 2006-07-13 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von alicyclischen Carbonsäuren oder deren Derivaten |
DE102004063673A1 (de) * | 2004-12-31 | 2006-07-13 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen katalytischen Hydrierung von hydrierbaren Verbindungen an festen, im Festbett angeordneten Katalysatoren mit einem wasserstoffhaltigen Gas |
DE102005028752A1 (de) * | 2005-06-22 | 2007-01-04 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Gemisch von Diisononylestern der 1,2-Cyclohexandicarbonsäure, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Verwendung dieser Gemische |
US8372912B2 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2013-02-12 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polyvinyl chloride compositions |
DE102006040432A1 (de) * | 2006-08-29 | 2008-03-20 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Katalysator und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isoolefinen |
DE102007041380A1 (de) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-05 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Hydrierkatalysator und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkoholen durch Hydrierung von Carbonylverbindungen |
DE102008006400A1 (de) * | 2008-01-28 | 2009-07-30 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Gemische von Diisononylestern der Terephthalsäure, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
EP2321246B1 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2015-06-10 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Offgas cleanup in olefin hydroformylation |
JP2010126448A (ja) * | 2008-11-25 | 2010-06-10 | Showa Denko Kk | β,γ−不飽和アルコールの水素化反応による飽和アルコールの製造方法 |
WO2010069690A1 (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2010-06-24 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Process for preparing an aluminium oxide powder having a high alpha-al2o3 content |
DE102009027404A1 (de) | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-05 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Herstellung von Isobuten durch Spaltung von MTBE |
DE102009027406A1 (de) | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-05 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von geruchsarmen n-Butan |
WO2011022888A1 (zh) * | 2009-08-28 | 2011-03-03 | 南京工业大学 | 一种介孔复合氧化钛及其制备方法 |
DE102009045718A1 (de) | 2009-10-15 | 2011-04-21 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Decanolen durch Hydrierung von Decenalen |
KR101833077B1 (ko) | 2009-12-15 | 2018-02-27 | 바스프 에스이 | 방향족 화합물의 수소화를 위한 촉매 및 방법 |
WO2011072992A1 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2011-06-23 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Temperature control of an oligomerisation process and reactor |
DE102010030990A1 (de) | 2010-07-06 | 2012-01-12 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Verfahren zur selektiven Hydrierung von mehrfach ungesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffen in olefinhaltigen Kohlenwasserstoffgemischen |
US8946467B2 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2015-02-03 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for liquid phase hydrogenation of phthalates |
DE102010042774A1 (de) | 2010-10-21 | 2012-04-26 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Verfahren zur Aufreinigung von MTBE-haltigen Gemischen sowie zur Herstellung von Isobuten durch Spaltung von MTBE-haltigen Gemischen |
JP5859563B2 (ja) | 2010-12-23 | 2016-02-10 | スタイロリューション・ヨーロッパ・ゲゼルシャフト・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | 熱可塑性エラストマー組成物及びその製造方法 |
EP2500090B1 (de) | 2011-03-16 | 2016-07-13 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Silicium-Aluminium-Mischoxidpulver |
DE102011005608A1 (de) | 2011-03-16 | 2012-09-20 | Evonik Oxeno Gmbh | Mischoxidzusammensetzungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isoolefinen |
TWI421240B (zh) * | 2011-12-12 | 2014-01-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | 苯多羧酸或其衍生物形成環己烷多元酸酯之氫化方法 |
EP2716623A1 (de) | 2012-10-05 | 2014-04-09 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cyclohexanpolycarbonsäure-Derivaten mit geringem Nebenproduktanteil |
ES2675527T3 (es) | 2013-12-06 | 2018-07-11 | Basf Se | Composición plastificante que contiene derivados de tetrahidrofurano y ésteres de ácido 1,2-ciclohexano dicarboxílico |
JP6861625B2 (ja) | 2014-08-18 | 2021-04-21 | クラップ カンパニー リミテッドClap Co., Ltd. | 液状媒体を含有する有機半導体組成物 |
KR101797220B1 (ko) * | 2015-08-27 | 2017-11-13 | 한화케미칼 주식회사 | 프탈레이트 화합물의 수소화 방법 |
PL3170805T3 (pl) | 2015-11-19 | 2019-02-28 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Wpływanie na lepkość mieszanin estrów bazujących na n-butenach poprzez celowe zastosowanie etenu podczas otrzymywania prekursorów estrów |
CN106866415A (zh) * | 2015-12-12 | 2017-06-20 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种脂环族羧酸酯的制造方法 |
PL3424901T3 (pl) | 2017-07-05 | 2021-01-11 | Basf Se | Uwodornianie związków aromatycznych |
KR102506281B1 (ko) * | 2017-11-29 | 2023-03-06 | 한화솔루션 주식회사 | 프탈레이트 화합물의 수소화 방법 |
TWI704132B (zh) * | 2019-02-13 | 2020-09-11 | 台灣中油股份有限公司 | 苯多羧酸酯氫化反應形成脂環族多羧酸酯之氫化方法 |
PL3931175T3 (pl) | 2019-02-25 | 2024-07-29 | Basf Se | Sposób przetwarzania estrów kwasu benzenopolikarboksylowego i ich zastosowanie do wytwarzania estrów kwasu cykloheksanopolikarboksylowego |
Family Cites Families (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US260113A (en) * | 1882-06-27 | Albert l | ||
US38285A (en) * | 1863-04-28 | Fluosilicic acid | ||
US4018706A (en) * | 1975-07-21 | 1977-04-19 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Catalysts for purifying exhaust and waste gases |
US4314982A (en) * | 1979-06-21 | 1982-02-09 | General Atomic Company | Catalytic decomposition of H2 SO4 |
JPS601056B2 (ja) * | 1980-02-19 | 1985-01-11 | 千代田化工建設株式会社 | アスファルテンを含む重質炭化水素油の水素化処理 |
FR2501662A1 (fr) * | 1981-03-13 | 1982-09-17 | Rhone Poulenc Spec Chim | Catalyseurs et procede d'oxydation de l'hydrogene sulfure et/ou des composes organiques du soufre en anhydride sulfureux |
DE3143647A1 (de) | 1981-11-04 | 1983-05-11 | Chemische Werke Hüls AG, 4370 Marl | Verfahren zur selektiven hydrierung von mehrfach ungesaettigten kohlenwasserstoffen in kohlenwasserstoff-gemischen |
JPH064545B2 (ja) * | 1985-09-11 | 1994-01-19 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | シクロオレフインの製造方法 |
US5137855A (en) * | 1988-06-09 | 1992-08-11 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Catalysts for selective catalytic reduction denox technology |
US5258348A (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1993-11-02 | The Dow Chemical Company | Supported catalyst for the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons and method for the preparation of the catalyst |
US5384297A (en) * | 1991-05-08 | 1995-01-24 | Intevep, S.A. | Hydrocracking of feedstocks and catalyst therefor |
EP0520435A3 (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1993-05-05 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Dc-89 derivatives |
US5242880A (en) * | 1992-05-27 | 1993-09-07 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photoactive catalyst of barium phosphate or calcium phosphate supported on anatase titanium dioxide |
CN1149287A (zh) * | 1994-05-27 | 1997-05-07 | 希巴-盖吉股份公司 | 制备不饱和氨基化合物的方法 |
DE4419974C2 (de) * | 1994-06-08 | 1996-10-17 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines geformten Katalysators auf der Basis von Titandioxid sowie dessen Verwendung |
MY129474A (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 2007-04-30 | Basf Ag | Method for hydrogenating benzene polycarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof by using a catalyst containing macropores |
CN1057982C (zh) * | 1998-01-14 | 2000-11-01 | 中国科学院固体物理研究所 | 介孔二氧化钛块体及制备方法 |
EP1029591B1 (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2005-11-02 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Method for the production of acrylic acid and method for the preparation of the catalyst |
DE19927978A1 (de) | 1999-06-18 | 2000-12-21 | Basf Ag | Ausgewählte Cyclohexan-1,3- und 1,4-dicarbonsäureester |
US6589908B1 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2003-07-08 | Shell Oil Company | Method of making alumina having bimodal pore structure, and catalysts made therefrom |
DE10146848A1 (de) | 2001-09-24 | 2003-04-24 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Gemisch alicyclischer Polycarbonsäureester mit hohem cis-Anteil |
DE10146869A1 (de) * | 2001-09-24 | 2003-04-24 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Alicyclische Polycarbonsäureestergemische mit hohem trans-Anteil und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
DE10225565A1 (de) | 2002-06-10 | 2003-12-18 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Katalysator und Verfahren zur Hydrierung von aromatischen Verbindungen |
DE10232868A1 (de) | 2002-07-19 | 2004-02-05 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Feinporiger Katalysator und Verfahren zur Hydrierung von aromatischen Verbindungen |
EP1388528B1 (de) * | 2002-08-06 | 2015-04-08 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Verfahren zur Oligomerisierung von Isobuten in n-Buten-haltigen Kohlenwasserstoffströmen |
DE10257499A1 (de) * | 2002-12-10 | 2004-07-01 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 1-Olefinen durch katalytische Spaltung von 1-Alkoxyalkanen |
US6743819B1 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2004-06-01 | E. I. Du Ponte De Nemours And Company | Production of 5-methyl-N-aryl-2-pyrrolidone and 5-methyl-N-cycloalkyl-2-pyrrolidone by reductive amination of levulinic acid with aryl amines |
DE102004063637A1 (de) * | 2004-12-31 | 2006-07-13 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von alicyclischen Carbonsäuren oder deren Derivaten |
-
2002
- 2002-07-19 DE DE10232868A patent/DE10232868A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-06-07 CN CNB038172569A patent/CN100341838C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-07 EP EP03764917A patent/EP1549603B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-07 WO PCT/EP2003/006002 patent/WO2004009526A1/de active Application Filing
- 2003-06-07 ES ES03764917T patent/ES2339937T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-07 AT AT03764917T patent/ATE457298T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-06-07 US US10/519,413 patent/US20060041167A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-07 DE DE50312411T patent/DE50312411D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-06-07 AU AU2003242651A patent/AU2003242651A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-07 JP JP2004522172A patent/JP4490264B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-17 TW TW092119479A patent/TWI292723B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-02-04 US US12/025,292 patent/US8207375B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1668568A (zh) | 2005-09-14 |
DE50312411D1 (de) | 2010-03-25 |
ATE457298T1 (de) | 2010-02-15 |
ES2339937T3 (es) | 2010-05-27 |
WO2004009526A1 (de) | 2004-01-29 |
US8207375B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 |
US20060041167A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
JP2005537914A (ja) | 2005-12-15 |
US20080146832A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
CN100341838C (zh) | 2007-10-10 |
EP1549603A1 (de) | 2005-07-06 |
DE10232868A1 (de) | 2004-02-05 |
EP1549603B1 (de) | 2010-02-10 |
TW200403102A (en) | 2004-03-01 |
JP4490264B2 (ja) | 2010-06-23 |
AU2003242651A1 (en) | 2004-02-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI292723B (en) | Fine-pored catalyst and process for hydrogenating aromatic compounds | |
TWI273101B (en) | Catalyst and process for hydrogenating aromatic compounds | |
US7435848B2 (en) | Method for preparing alicyclic carboxylic acids and their esters | |
US8586784B2 (en) | Method for continuous catalytic hydrogenation | |
US7683204B2 (en) | Mixture of alicyclic polycarboxylic acid esters having high cis isomer content | |
JP5192633B2 (ja) | 芳香族ポリカルボン酸またはその誘導体を接触水素化する方法 | |
TWI243188B (en) | Hydrogenation of benzenepolycarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof using a catalyst containing macropores | |
JP2019529362A (ja) | フタル酸エステルの水素化方法 | |
TW201906810A (zh) | 芳香族化合物的氫化 | |
DE10146847A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von alicyclischen Polycarbonsäureestergemischen mit hohem trans-Anteil | |
US20250197320A1 (en) | Static mixers in the preparation of alicyclic carboxylic acids and esters thereof | |
KR20250094590A (ko) | 지환족 카르복실산 및 그의 에스테르의 제조에서의 정적 혼합기 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MK4A | Expiration of patent term of an invention patent |