1280996 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬^_技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種避震裝置，即塑性遲滯(hysteresis) 型避震裝置，其係配置於上部結構與下部結構間，俾於地震時 5使上部結構的振動衰減，且可吸收地震能量者。 【先前 有關於塑性遲滯型避震裝置，諸如設置於如同建築物與用 以支撐遠建杀物之基礎間，即設置於上部結構與下部結構之間 者，迄今已提出有各式各樣改變構件形狀的提案。 10 例如，曰本專利公報特公平2-62671號（專利文獻1)中揭示 有一種裝置，將避震裝置成形為直棒型，且將每一端部各固定 於上、下部結構者。又，日本特公平2-59262號（專利文獻2) 中亦揭示有一種將避震裝置做環狀成形之裝置。 又，如日本特開平2·194233號（專利文獻3)中，揭示有一裝 15置研發，即，將避震裝置形成略呈ϋ字形，並於該減震 器的兩 側突設有止振用板狀輔助構件者。 按，處於地震時之建築物搖動，是沿水平方向做36〇度全 方位變形，因此避震裝置亦隨之做36〇度全方位的變形。惟， 依特開平W94233號公報之揭示，使略呈υ形減震器可於一 20方向做C狀變形，俾行能量吸收，而於其他方向則做例如對於 與C狀垂直之變形，靠兩側突設之止振器以抑制之，便將變形 之方向限制在單一方向，卻沒有顧慮到其他方向的振動。 又，特開昭60-223576號中亦揭示有一種υ字形狀避震裝 置，但其中並沒有揭露有關避震裝置在地震時朝任一方向做水 1280996 平變形時之性質方面的方向性。 本發明欲解決之課題如下9點，即： (1)避震裝置的形狀為直棒型時，如第1圖所示，端部的固 定方式是兩端固定式以及一端插入另一端固定的插銷方式 5時’因地震時之水平變形，所產生之應變則集中在構件的端 部。藉此’導致應變集中在構件的某一部分時，由水平變形小 的時點開始，該應變將予以集中且加以累積，而將使構件屈服 並塑性化的速度加快，使構件之遲滯特性中之彈性範圍變窄。 經塑性化後水平變形增加，同時亦使應變集中且持續累積增 10加，而使於水平變形還小的時候就斷裂。且，在承受到無法預 期之大地震所造成之大變形時，使構件跟不上變形，且不能吸 收地展旎嚴，而至斷裂。又，應變集中到構件中的一部分，使 構件内塑性化範圍變窄時，亦使吸收地震能量的部分變小，並 導致構件全體的能量吸收量也變少。 15 (2)避震裝置的形狀為直棒型時，如第2圖所示，由於地震 時之水平變形，使端部間距離變長，構件亦隨之而被拉伸而伸 長。因此，隨著水平變形量加大，構件的延伸所造成之應變、 抗拉應力增加，再加上弯曲變形所產生之彎曲應力及應變，使 構件上同時產生的應變及應力亦趨增加。 (3)避震裝置的形狀為直棒型時’由於構件之遲滞特性中的 彈性範圍很窄的關係，藉由產生鮮較地震還高之風所造成之 水平變形亦使構件屈服’而將因風的振動所造成之能量予以吸 收’使得構件目的即在於能將地m錢之量就變少。又， 因風的振動所產生之能量亦被吸收其中， 因此亦使構件所具有 20 1280996 之總吸收能量程度的期間提早到達，使得檢修暨交換構件的" 數變多，亦使維護費用增加。 (4) 避震裝置的形狀為直棒型時，為彌補構件因地震時之火 平變形所造成之伸長及抗拉應力，且為了避免構件遭受微小尚 5形便屈服之情況發生，所以對於避震裝置之端部採用複雜機械 式構造。因此，使構建避震裝置用之零件增加，也使製造複雜， 結果也導致製造成本增加。 (5) 環狀型避震裝置為3維式複雜形狀時，其用以成形之熱 軋成形及熱鍛等製造過程繁複，增加製造成本。 10 (6)由於環狀型避震裝置係採用平面擴展配設之方式構建 而成者，因此避震裝置所佔面積極大，便佔去空間。 (7)欲將隔離器與避震裝置分別並列配置時，避震裝置及隔 離器所佔面積極大，在此在結構物平面設計上亦有配置困難之 問題存在。 15 ⑻欲將隔離器與避震裝置分別並列配置時，避震裝置與隔 離器個別需要有用以安裝於上、下結構之安裝部位及其工程， 因此施工費極高。 (9)避震裝置形成U字型狀時，如不考慮避震裝置的變形 方向時，對地震時往任意方向之水平變形，便產生相對於各變 20形方向之避震裝置極限應力、剛性等性狀之方向性。例如，第 26圖係顯tf不考慮構件的方向性，且令構件别面為等截面之形 態。對於面内0度方向之屈服剪切力與面外9〇度方向之屈服 剪切力’面外90度方向較面内〇度方向還低5〇%，因地震時 的變形方向的不同’將使避震敦置的性狀改變之問題發生。 1280996 【發明内容2 本發明之目的係於提供一種解決前述問題點⑴至⑹及⑼ 之避震襄置及-種包括前述(7)、（8)在内解決問題點⑴至⑼之 避震裝置。 5 纟發明之第1特徵係於一種避震裝置，該裝置為塑性遲滞 型者，包含有：隔離器，係將金屬板與彈性體交叉積層而成者· 及’衣減機構，係由彈塑性材料構成之多數寬度較板厚還大之 4曲狀構件的兩端部各固定於上部結構與下部結構，且令前述 彎曲狀構件之除兩端部外的中間部分設置成離開前述上部結 ίο構及前述下部結構之狀態者。 本發明之第2特徵係於一種避震裝置，於第i發衲中，該 弓曲狀構件中之上部板、下部板及用以連接該等板之彎曲連接 板係對其等寬度方向之中心軸線，呈對稱之形狀，且前述彎曲 狀構件亚對前述彎曲連接板中央之橫向中心軸線，呈上下對稱 15 之形狀。 本發明之第3特徵係於一種避震裝置，於第丨發明或第2 叙明中，該彎曲狀構件之寬度係呈變化之狀態者。 本發明之第4特徵係於一種避震裝置，於第1至3發明之 任么明中，該彎曲狀構件之前端部寬度W1、端部寬度W2 20與板厚T間之尺寸關係為W2>W1>T者。 本發明之第5特徵係於-種避震裝置，於第1至4發明之 X月中，其係於將全部的彎曲狀構件之外形形狀變化成同 、藉相似律設定各彎曲狀構件之外形形狀，以形成相似 形者。 1280996 本發明之第6特徵係於一種避震裝置，於第丨至5項中任 -項之避震裝置’其係以等角度間隔且於平面狀態下配置由至 少一個以上之彎曲狀構件成組之彎曲狀構件單元者。 本發明之第7特徵係於一種避震裝置，於第i至6發明之 5任一發明中，令彎曲狀構件滿足以下條件者。 此外’將彎曲狀構件之各部位名稱標示於第27圖。 ⑴形成為：該彎曲狀構件之端部寬度W2對彎曲部前端寬 度 W1 之比在 l.〇< W2/W1<2.0 者。 ⑺令彎曲狀構件之直線部長度L(接合部除外)係於‘ 10 至70cm範圍内。 ……稱仵之幫曲部汉對板厚T之比即2.5 換言之，本發明之第7特徵 遲滞型者，於第i至第6發明之杯種避震衣置，其係塑性 ^ 之^壬一發明中，具有彎曲妝描彼 該彎曲狀構件之端部寬度係對 ’ 2 1ς ^ _ 』~寬度之比在大於1且，丨、於 之靶圍内，前述彎曲狀構件之 於 圍内，—4部長度係於l〇cm至70(^範 图内，刖述彎曲狀構件之彎曲 於2.5者。 ^長度對該構件之板厚之比則大 …q〜不〇付傲係於一 20 於第1至7發明之任一♦明t展裝置’其係塑性遲滞仏 結構間之隔離器的外周部，安/配魏前述上部結構與下 曲狀構件，且体夂工 衣有由彈塑性材料構成之多數 傅仵，且使各兩端部固 又双 結構用之連結板上者。 、—離器與上部結構、下 本發明之作用係如下列8%。 ⑴藉將彈塑性材料絲為^ 狀構仵可猎水平變形量二 1280996 變化，使塑性變形時應變成為最大之點在構件内移動，俾分散 構件的應變’而不集中在局部者。藉此，可使構件之塑性化範 圍可擴及構件軸向全部區域，因此可有效使用構件全部，吸收 地震所產生之能量。 5 第3a圖顯示有小地震時之彎曲狀構件7之應變分布；第 3B圖顯示有中度地震時之應變分布；第3C圖顯示有大地震時 之應變分布。彎曲狀構件之彎曲部承受應變之部分在中度地震 時，地震力所造成之變形δΐ之1/2量即往構件7之材軸方向移 動。在大地震時，承受應變之部分移動變形^之1/2量。如此， 1〇按地震時之水平變形量，可使承受應變之部位朝構件全區域移 動，使構件全體塑性化，可使構件有效地吸收地震能量。 (2) 產生地震時之水平變形時，如第5圖所示，將構件彎曲 成形，因此使彎曲部不會朝材軸方向拉伸，且可藉直線狀變形 而彌補。藉使彎曲部呈直線狀變形之部分始終移動，便具有使 15構件所產生之應變減低成彎曲部之曲率程度的應變之效果。 (3) 用以成形彎曲狀構件之彈塑性材料使用鋼材之形態極 多。在本發明中，令成形彎曲狀構件之彈塑性材料為鋼材時， 彎曲狀構件的形狀並不像環狀型等般呈三維結構的那樣複 雜，因此無須將幫曲狀構件進行熱軋成形或熱锻，藉冷成形便 20可在良好精密度下處理彎曲部，俾製造彎曲狀構件。藉此，簡 化彎曲狀構件之製造步驟，降低製造單價。 ⑷將避震裝置與隔離器形成—體時，可將避震裝置與隔離 口口各自所佔面積減厂又，藉使避震裝置與隔離器形成〆體， 便可減少原本避震裝置與隔離器個別必須安裝於上、下、结構用 10 1280996 之安裝部位或工裎，因 口此可減少施工費用。 (5)在地展時，彎曲 士政+ 狀構件係於任意方向承受水平變妒。為 本發明中，對於對於所 十心。在 件之力學性狀改變，4方向的變形，林使彎曲狀構 文且可减少方向性。 如第26、27圖所示 部見度為一定（W1==W2)時，以 面内0度方向與面外9〇谇 〇度方向之變形而言，面外90 屈服剪切力降低50%以下。 门之 這是因為：變形方向於面内方向不一致（變形方向角度超過 10 〇度)時’料部前端及直線部便改變為扭轉之變形，無法與面 内〇度方向之彎曲剛性取得平衡所致者。 藉此’為使面内0度方向迄至面外9G度方向之水平全方向 之剛性及屈服剪切力為同等性能時，藉改變料狀構件之寬 度，便可減少方向性。 又特別為了增加，考曲狀構件之扭曲剛性時，藉使彎曲狀 彈性極限應力及剛性降低，進_步減少變形方向之方向性。 第28圖顯示實驗結果。令前述之W1 : W2之比為丨：1.34 時，屈服剪切力係於面内〇度方向為2_(相當於3 〇她〇時， 面外90度方向則為27kN(相當約2.8t〇nf)，只減少7%，沒產生 20夕大因方向性所致之差異。同樣，1次剛性亦於(相 當於約2.0t〇nf/cm〜1.2tonf/cm)範圍，而成具有略同等之性能。 如此’藉使端部寬度W2對於彎曲部前端寬度W1之比大於 1，便可構建成不產生方向性者。 藉使該比大於2時，彎曲狀構件之前端部相對地減弱了構 1280996 件變細的部分，而使應變集中於該部位，對於地震時之面内方 向的變形，如第29A圖般不變形，如第29B圖般，使應變集中 於珂端部，而使構件變形陡增，便於疲勞特性發生問題。 又，將彎曲狀構件成形時，彎曲狀構件之材料收率差，經 5 濟效益不佳。 ⑹選擇彎曲狀構件之端部寬度W2與彎曲部前端寬度W1 之比率，對於地震時f曲狀構件所承受對任意方向之水平變 =’可使應變不始終集中於，彎曲狀構件之特定部分，而是將應 刀政於構件内’便能有效地彻彎曲狀構件全體吸收地震能 10 量。 第30圖顯示實驗結果。藉施力方向改變斷裂位置，在面内 〇度方向中’藉振㉒亦使斷裂位置改變。此結果乃表示：對於 地震時的變形，以構件全體有效地吸收能量者。 ⑺為使地錢之f曲狀構件之變形構建成：隨彎曲狀構件 U之背曲變形及扭曲變形而變，且使朝材轴方向之過剩的抗拉岸 力广加其亡時，必須將彎曲狀構件之全長構造成足以應付地震 %之變形篁的長度1曲狀構件之直線部長度，是用以確保可 隨地震時之變形而變之彎曲狀的長度時而有其必要的。 又，將應變分散於彎曲狀構件全體上以吸收能量時，直線 20部長度是一進行塑性變形俾可吸收能量之長度。藉地震時變形 里以將育曲狀構件之直線部做成最恰當的長度，便能絲毫不浪 費且有效地吸收地震能量。 迄今之避震裝置在地震時之最大變形（等級2:建物之耐用 年限中或許遭遇一:欠的程度之地震振動）的調查結果’即曰本建 12 1280996 築中心發行之Building letter* 1998年1月號迄至1998年5月號 間所揭示之避震建築物之日本建築中心評定完成部分，示於第 31圖。 以結果而言，大多為迄至10〜50cm左右，從避震建築物之 5 變形量年年增加之情形可知，藉以確保彎曲狀構件之直線部長 度在10cm〜70cm範圍間，便可足以對應於地震時之變形。 第32圖係顯示疲勞實驗結果，該結果係由令彎曲狀構件之 直線部長度為L=150mm(CASEl)及L=300mm(CASE2)時所得 者。在同一振幅中，]>150mm(CASEl)較 L=300mm(CASE2)之 10 斷裂次數少。這是表示：加長彎曲狀構件之長度，便可使長度 在變形增大時保留玎隨之改變的空間，可提升疲勞特性。 例如，以彎曲狀構件所要求之性能來說，20次就斷裂之振 幅只可為20cm時，便令直線部長度L=150mm(CASEl)。而20 次才斷裂之振幅只須至30cm時，便令直線部長度L=300mm 15 (CASE2)。如此，便玎依所要求之性能，不浪費且有效地成形 彎曲狀構件。 (8)因地震時構件變形所造成之應變係於板厚愈大則愈 大，尤其是有關於面内0度方向，彎曲部是呈直線變形，彎曲 部R與板厚T之比率即彎曲部的曲率大時，疲勞特性則變差。 20 因此，決定彎曲部R與板厚τ之比率，可防止彎曲狀構件之疲 勞特性低落。 例如，在0度方向振幅±2〇cm反覆施力實驗中，r/t = 3.13 時之斷裂次數是6次，而R/T ==4.14時之斷裂次數是18次。即， R/T只是改變約1.0，便對彎曲狀構件之疲勞特性有大幅影響， 13 1280996 斷裂次數增加3倍。 又，比彎曲部R與板厚T之比率R/T=2.5還小時，彎曲部的曲 率便大於1/4，在面内方向之變形中，彎曲部變成直線狀，而承 受板厚方向表面之應變為25%之應變者。例如，彎曲狀構件為 5 鋼材時，彎曲狀構件承受地震時為最大25%之應變時，由第27 圖所示之鋼材的疲勞特性判斷，單單一次地震便能使鋼材斷 裂。因此，彎曲部R與板厚T之比率R/T須大於2.5。 【實施方式3 本發明之實施形態乃示於第6圖。該實施形態係一其間設 10 有隔離器1之上部結構2與下部結構3間設有衰減機構6者。 衰減機構6，即為：使用如第7圖所示之多個由彈塑性材料形 成為略呈U字型之彎曲狀構件7，像晝圓般組合成燈籠狀，或 者是如第8圖所示之線對稱般，使用多組將2個彎曲狀構件相 對而成的組合而設置者。如第9圖所示，彎曲狀構件7例如用 15 彈塑性材料如縱25mmx橫50mm之長方形截面之鋼材彎曲成 形，因應所需，在成形後進行熱處理，以除去殘餘應變。並將 每一彎曲狀構件7之一端的安裝部8固定在上部結構2上，而 另一端之安裝部9則固定於下部結構3。 又，實際上將本發明之衰減機構安裝在結構物上使用時， 20 並不是將彎曲狀構件的端部（安裝部）8及9直接安裝在上部結 構2及下部結構3，而是如第10圖所示，先將連結板10裝設 於上部結構2及下部結構3，再如第11圖所示，在事先於連結 板10加工之安裝孔（螺絲孔）11，與事先在彎曲狀構件7之端部 8及9加工之安裝孔12 —起用螺栓13加以固定。藉此，要在 14 1280996 上部結構2及下部結構3安裝彎曲狀構件7時，只要栓緊螺栓 13，便可輕易安裝。且，用以連結上部結構2及下部結構3之 裝置只有連結板10，因此可使用以固定端部之裝置最小，並可 降低製造成本。 5 又，在吸收地震能量且疲勞損傷亦非常嚴重時，或者是由 於彎曲狀構件7因使用中的事故而造成之毀損，乃需做彎曲狀 構件7的替換時，可只將想替換之彎曲狀構件7單獨取下，且 更換作業亦藉螺栓的取下及栓緊便可進行，作業容易，並可降 低更換工程費用。 10 [變形形態] 參考第17圖，說明由本發明之衰減機構(減震器）6中所使 用之彈塑性材料形成為略呈U字形之彎曲狀構件7的另一較佳 實施形態。1280996 玖, 发明发明: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a shock absorber, that is, a hysteresis type shock absorber, which is disposed between an upper structure and a lower structure, and is in an earthquake 5 Attenuate the vibration of the superstructure and absorb the seismic energy. [Previously, there are various types of plastic hysteresis type shock absorbers, such as those installed between the building and the foundation for supporting the far-reaching structure, that is, between the upper structure and the lower structure. Proposal for component shape. For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 2-62671 (Patent Document 1) discloses a device in which a shock absorber is formed into a straight rod type, and each end portion is fixed to the upper and lower structures. Further, Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 2-59262 (Patent Document 2) discloses an apparatus for forming a suspension device into a ring shape. Further, as disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei. No. 2,194,233 (Patent Document 3), it is disclosed that a shock absorber has a slightly U-shaped shape, and a vibration stop is protruded from both sides of the shock absorber. A plate-shaped auxiliary member is used. According to the earthquake, the building is shaking in the horizontal direction, and it is 36 degrees in the horizontal direction. Therefore, the shock absorber is also deformed in 36 degrees. However, according to the disclosure of the Japanese Patent Publication No. H94233, the slightly shackle damper can be C-shaped in a direction of 20, absorbing energy absorption, and in other directions, for example, deformation perpendicular to the C-shape. The vibration arresters on both sides are restrained, and the direction of the deformation is limited to a single direction, but the vibration in other directions is not considered. Further, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 60-223576 discloses a U-shaped shape suspension device, but does not disclose the directivity of the nature of the suspension device when the water is deformed in any direction in the direction of 1280996. The problem to be solved by the present invention is as follows: (1) When the shape of the shock absorber is a straight rod type, as shown in Fig. 1, the end portion is fixed in a fixed manner at one end and fixed at the other end. When the bolt mode is 5, 'the horizontal deformation due to the earthquake, the strain generated is concentrated at the end of the member. Therefore, when the strain is concentrated on a certain part of the component, the strain will be concentrated and accumulated from the time when the horizontal deformation is small, and the speed at which the member yields and plasticizes is accelerated, and the elasticity of the hysteresis characteristic of the member is made. The range is narrowed. After plasticization, the horizontal deformation increases, and at the same time, the strain is concentrated and the cumulative accumulation is increased by 10, so that the horizontal deformation is small when it is small. Moreover, when subjected to a large deformation caused by an unforeseen large earthquake, the member cannot be prevented from being deformed, and the ground can not be absorbed and collapsed. Further, when the strain is concentrated on a part of the member to narrow the plasticization range in the member, the portion that absorbs the seismic energy is also reduced, and the energy absorption amount of the entire member is also reduced. 15 (2) When the shape of the shock absorber is straight, as shown in Fig. 2, the horizontal deformation of the earthquake causes the distance between the ends to become longer, and the member is stretched and extended accordingly. Therefore, as the amount of horizontal deformation increases, the strain and tensile stress caused by the extension of the member increase, and the bending stress and strain generated by the bending deformation increase the strain and stress simultaneously generated on the member. (3) When the shape of the shock absorber is a straight rod type, the horizontal deformation caused by the wind that is higher than the earthquake also causes the member to yield, because the elastic range in the hysteresis characteristic of the member is narrow. The energy caused by the vibration of the wind is absorbed, so that the purpose of the component is to reduce the amount of money. Moreover, the energy generated by the vibration of the wind is also absorbed therein, so that the period of the total absorption energy of the component having 20 1280996 is reached earlier, which makes the number of maintenance and exchange components more, and also increases the maintenance cost. . (4) When the shape of the shock absorber is a straight rod type, it is necessary to compensate for the elongation and tensile stress caused by the flat deformation of the member during the earthquake, and to avoid the member suffering from a slight shape and then yielding, The end of the suspension device is constructed in a complex mechanical configuration. Therefore, the increase in the number of parts for constructing the suspension device also complicates the manufacturing, and as a result, the manufacturing cost increases. (5) When the ring type shock absorber is a three-dimensional complex shape, the manufacturing process such as hot rolling forming and hot forging is complicated, and the manufacturing cost is increased. 10 (6) Since the ring-shaped suspension device is constructed by means of plane expansion, the shock-absorbing device occupies a large area and takes up space. (7) When the isolator and the suspension device are arranged side by side, the area of the suspension device and the isolator is extremely large, and there is a problem that the layout of the structure is difficult to be arranged. 15 (8) When the isolator and the suspension device are to be arranged side by side, the suspension device and the isolator need to be separately installed to be mounted on the upper and lower structures, and the construction cost is extremely high. (9) When the shock absorber is formed into a U shape, if the deformation direction of the suspension device is not considered, the horizontal deformation of the suspension device in any direction during the earthquake will result in the ultimate stress of the shock absorber relative to each of the 20 directions. Directionality of traits such as rigidity. For example, Figure 26 shows that tf does not take into account the directionality of the member, and the other faces of the member are in the form of equal sections. The yield shear force in the in-plane 0 degree direction and the yield shear force in the out-of-plane 9-degree direction are 90% lower than the in-plane twist direction, which is different due to the deformation direction during the earthquake. The problem of changing the traits of the suspension will occur. 1280996 [Invention 2] An object of the present invention is to provide a suspension device for solving the above problems (1) to (6) and (9) and a suspension for solving problem points (1) to (9) including the above (7) and (8). Device. 5 第 The first feature of the invention is a shock absorber device which is a plastic hysteresis type, and includes: an isolator which is formed by laminating a metal plate and an elastic body, and a clothing reduction mechanism. The two ends of the four curved members having a plurality of elastoplastic materials having a width greater than the thickness of the plate are fixed to the upper structure and the lower structure, and the intermediate portion of the curved member except the both ends is disposed away from the upper portion. The structure of the lower structure is constructed. A second aspect of the present invention is directed to a suspension device, wherein the upper plate and the lower plate of the bow-shaped member and the curved connecting plate for connecting the plates are in the width direction thereof. The central axis has a symmetrical shape, and the curved member has a shape of up-and-down symmetry 15 to the lateral central axis of the center of the curved connecting plate. According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect of the invention, the width of the curved member is changed. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first to third aspects of the present invention, the dimensional relationship between the front end width W1, the end width W2 20 and the sheet thickness T of the curved member is W2>;W1>T. According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the X-month of the first to fourth inventions, the shape of the curved member is changed to the same shape, and the curved members are set by a similar law. Shape shape to form a similar shape. 1280996 A sixth aspect of the present invention is the suspension device of any one of the above-mentioned items, wherein the shock absorbers of any one of items 1-5 to are arranged at equal angular intervals and arranged in a planar state by at least one or more curved members. Group of curved member units. According to a seventh aspect of the invention, in the fifth aspect of the invention, the curved member has the following condition. Further, the names of the respective portions of the curved members are shown in Fig. 27. (1) It is formed such that the ratio of the end width W2 of the curved member to the front end width W1 of the curved portion is l. 〇 < W2/W1 < 2.0. (7) Let the length L of the straight portion of the curved member (except the joint portion) be in the range of '10 to 70 cm. ...... 仵 仵 仵 汉 汉 对 对 对 对 2.5 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之 换言之In the invention, the ratio of the width of the end portion of the curved member to the '2 1 ς ^ _ 』 to the width is greater than 1, and 丨 is in the target circumference, and the curved member is In the circumference, the length of -4 is in the range of l〇cm to 70 (^范图, and the bending of the curved member is 2.5. ^The ratio of the length to the thickness of the member is large...q~ Attached to any one of the first to seventh inventions, the outer peripheral portion of the spacer between the plastic hysteresis and the structure, the upper and lower curved members of the Wei/Wei, and the body The work clothes have a plurality of burrs made of elastoplastic material, and the joint plates for the solid and double structures at both ends are used. The detachment and the upper structure, and the functions of the present invention are as follows: (1) By using the elastic-plastic material wire as the structure, the horizontal deformation amount can be changed to 1,280,996, so that the strain becomes the largest at the time of plastic deformation. The strain of the 俾 dispersing member is not concentrated in the local part. Thereby, the plasticizing range of the member can be expanded to the entire axial direction of the member, so that all the members can be effectively used, and the energy generated by the earthquake can be absorbed. 5 3a The figure shows the strain distribution of the curved member 7 in the case of a small earthquake; the 3B shows the strain distribution in the case of a moderate earthquake; the 3C shows the strain distribution in the case of a large earthquake. The curved portion of the curved member is subjected to the strain. In a moderate earthquake, the 1/2 of the deformation δΐ caused by the seismic force moves toward the material axis of the member 7. In the case of a large earthquake, the part of the strain that undergoes the strain is 1/2 of the displacement. Thus, 1〇 According to the horizontal deformation amount during the earthquake, the strain-bearing part can be moved toward the whole area of the component, and the whole component can be plasticized, so that the component can effectively absorb the seismic energy. (2) When the horizontal deformation occurs during the earthquake, as shown in Fig. 5. As shown in the figure, since the member is bent and formed, the bent portion is not stretched in the direction of the material axis, and can be compensated by linear deformation. If the portion where the curved portion is linearly deformed is always moved, it has 15 The strain generated by the workpiece is reduced by the strain of the curvature of the curved portion. (3) The elastoplastic material used to form the curved member has a very large number of steels. In the present invention, the elastoplasticity of the formed curved member is obtained. When the material is steel, the shape of the curved member is not as complicated as the three-dimensional structure of the annular type, so that the bent member is not required to be hot-rolled or hot-forged, and the cold-formed 20 can be in good precision. The curved portion is processed and the curved member is manufactured. Thereby, the manufacturing steps of the curved member are simplified, and the manufacturing unit price is reduced. (4) When the shock absorber and the isolator are formed, the shock absorber and the isolation port can be respectively By occupying the area and reducing the factory, if the shock absorber and the isolator form a carcass, the original shock absorber and the isolator must be installed separately on the upper, lower, and structural parts of the installation or work for 10 1280996. Construction costs can be reduced. (5) During the exhibition, the curved sergeant + member is subjected to horizontal change in any direction. In the present invention, it is for the tenth. The mechanical properties of the parts change, and the deformation of the four directions makes the curved structure and reduces the directivity. If the visibility is constant (W1==W2) as shown in Figures 26 and 27, the 90-fold yield shear force is reduced by 50 in the in-plane 0 degree direction and the out-of-plane 9 degree deformation. %the following. This is because the deformation direction is inconsistent in the in-plane direction (when the deformation direction angle exceeds 10 )), the tip end and the straight portion of the material portion are changed to the torsion deformation, and the bending rigidity in the in-plane twist direction cannot be balanced. To the cause. Therefore, the directionality can be reduced by changing the width of the material member so that the rigidity and the yield shearing force in the omnidirectional direction of the surface in the 0 degree direction are equal to the outer surface in the 0 degree direction. Further, in order to increase the torsional rigidity of the curved member, the directionality of the deformation direction is reduced by the reduction of the bending elastic limit stress and the rigidity. Figure 28 shows the experimental results. When the ratio of W1 : W2 is 丨: 1.34, the yield shear force is 2_ in the in-plane twist direction (corresponding to 3 〇 her ,, the outer 90 degree direction is 27kN (equivalent to about 2.8t〇) Nf), only reduced by 7%, did not produce the difference caused by the directionality of the 20th eve. Similarly, the primary stiffness is also in the range (equivalent to about 2.0t〇nf/cm~1.2tonf/cm). Equivalent performance. Thus, if the ratio of the end width W2 to the front end width W1 of the curved portion is greater than 1, the directionality can be constructed. If the ratio is greater than 2, the front end of the curved member is relatively weakened. The 1280996 thinned portion is constructed, and the strain is concentrated on the portion, and the deformation in the in-plane direction during the earthquake is not deformed as shown in Fig. 29A. As shown in Fig. 29B, the strain is concentrated on the end portion of the crucible. The deformation of the member is sharply increased to facilitate the problem of fatigue characteristics. Moreover, when the curved member is formed, the material yield of the curved member is poor, and the efficiency is poor after 5 (6) Selecting the width W2 of the end of the curved member and the bending portion The ratio of the front end width W1 to the direction of the f-shaped member during an earthquake The horizontal change = 'so that the strain is not always concentrated on a specific part of the curved member, but the internal force of the member can be effectively absorbed by the curved member." Figure 30 shows the experimental results. By changing the fracture position by the direction of the force, the vibration position is also changed in the in-plane twist direction. This result indicates that for the deformation at the time of earthquake, the energy is effectively absorbed by the entire member. (7) The deformation of the curved member of the money is constructed such that it changes with the back deformation and the torsional deformation of the curved member U, and the excessive tensile force in the direction of the axial direction of the shaft is excessively imposed, and the curved member must be The length of the straight portion of the length 1 of the curved member that is sufficient to cope with the deformation of the earthquake is necessary to ensure the length of the curved shape that can be changed with the deformation at the time of the earthquake. When it is dispersed on the entire curved member to absorb energy, the length of the straight line 20 is the length of the plastic deformation and energy absorption. The deformation of the earthquake is used to make the straight portion of the curved member the most appropriate. Degree, without any waste and effective absorption of seismic energy. The maximum deformation of the shock absorber to date (level 2: the durability of the building may encounter one: the degree of earthquake vibration)曰本建12 1280996 Building Building Letter* The completion of the Japan Building Center assessment of the shock-absorbing buildings revealed between January 1998 and May 1998 is shown in Figure 31. Most of them are as far as 10~50cm, and it is known that the amount of deformation of the shock-absorbing building increases year by year, so as to ensure that the length of the straight portion of the curved member is between 10cm and 70cm, which is sufficient for the earthquake. Deformation. Fig. 32 shows the results of the fatigue test, which was obtained by making the length of the straight portion of the curved member L = 150 mm (CASEl) and L = 300 mm (CASE 2). In the same amplitude, ]>150mm (CASEl) is less than 10 times of breakage of L=300mm (CASE2). This means that by lengthening the length of the curved member, the length can be maintained when the deformation is increased, and the fatigue characteristics can be improved. For example, in the case of the performance required for the curved member, when the amplitude of the fracture at 20 times is only 20 cm, the length of the straight portion is L = 150 mm (CASEl). When the amplitude of the 20-time fracture is only 30 cm, the length of the straight portion is L=300 mm 15 (CASE 2). In this way, the curved members are not wasted and effectively formed in accordance with the required performance. (8) The strain caused by the deformation of the member during the earthquake is larger as the thickness of the plate is larger, especially in the case of 0 degree in the plane, the curved portion is linearly deformed, and the ratio of the curved portion R to the thickness T is curved. When the curvature of the portion is large, the fatigue characteristics are deteriorated. Therefore, the ratio of the curved portion R to the sheet thickness τ is determined to prevent the fatigue characteristics of the curved member from being lowered. For example, in the repeated force application experiment in the amplitude of ±2 〇cm in the 0 degree direction, the number of breaks at r/t = 3.13 is 6 times, and the number of breaks at R/T == 4.14 is 18 times. That is, R/T is only changed by about 1.0, which has a large influence on the fatigue characteristics of the curved member, and the number of breaks of 13 1280996 is increased by three times. Further, when the ratio R/T=2.5 is smaller than the ratio R/T=2.5 of the curved portion R and the thickness T, the curvature of the curved portion is more than 1/4, and in the deformation in the in-plane direction, the curved portion becomes linear, and the surface in the thickness direction is received. The strain is 25% of the strain. For example, when the curved member is 5 steel, when the curved member is subjected to a strain of up to 25% at the time of the earthquake, it is judged by the fatigue characteristics of the steel shown in Fig. 27 that the steel can be broken by a single earthquake. Therefore, the ratio R/T of the bent portion R to the sheet thickness T must be greater than 2.5. [Embodiment 3] An embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 6. In this embodiment, a damping mechanism 6 is provided between the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3 of the isolator 1 . The attenuating mechanism 6 is a plurality of curved members 7 formed of an elastoplastic material and having a substantially U-shape as shown in Fig. 7, which are combined into a lantern shape like a round shape, or as shown in Fig. 8. As shown by the line symmetry, a plurality of sets of two curved members are used in a combination of the two. As shown in Fig. 9, the curved member 7 is bent, for example, by a elastoplastic material such as a steel material having a rectangular cross section of 25 mm in length and 50 mm in width, and heat-treated after forming to remove residual strain as needed. The mounting portion 8 at one end of each of the curved members 7 is fixed to the upper structure 2, and the mounting portion 9 at the other end is fixed to the lower structure 3. Further, when the attenuating mechanism of the present invention is actually used for mounting on a structure, 20 does not directly mount the end portions (mounting portions) 8 and 9 of the curved member directly to the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3, but As shown in Fig. 10, the connecting plate 10 is first attached to the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3, and as shown in Fig. 11, the mounting holes (screw holes) 11 which are previously processed in the connecting plate 10 are bent in advance. The mounting holes 12 formed by the ends 8 and 9 of the member 7 are fixed by bolts 13. Therefore, when the curved member 7 is attached to the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3 of 14 1280996, it can be easily installed by simply tightening the bolts 13. Further, since the means for joining the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3 has only the web 10, the apparatus for fixing the ends can be minimized, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. 5, when the seismic energy is absorbed and the fatigue damage is also very serious, or because the curved member 7 is damaged by the accident in use, when the replacement of the curved member 7 is required, only the bending to be replaced may be used. The member 7 is separately removed, and the replacement work can also be performed by removing and tightening the bolts, the operation is easy, and the replacement engineering cost can be reduced. [Modified form] Referring to Fig. 17, another preferred embodiment in which the elastoplastic material used in the damping mechanism (damper) 6 of the present invention is formed into a substantially U-shaped curved member 7 will be described.
在該彎曲狀構件7中之上部板17及下部(板18係呈平行， 15 又，該彎曲狀構件7中之上部板17及下部板Ί8以及將其等連 接成一體之彎曲連^ 對於其等寬度方向的中心軸線C 呈對稱形狀，且前述:板17及下部板18以及連接其等之彎 曲連接板19並對彎曲連接板19中央之橫向中心軸線Β呈上下 對稱的形狀。做成如此彎曲狀構件7的形狀，便可使地震時的 20 彎曲狀構件7及衰減機構(減震器）的變形做對稱變化，使殘餘 變形不會偏向單一方向，即使受到同一方向之變形時，亦可使 剛性、屈服剪切力能量吸收量不會少於最初之值。 與前述實施形態相反，將彎曲狀構件7中之上部板17及下 部板18以及連接其等之彎曲連接板19做成非對稱形狀時，地 15 1280996 展時之宫曲狀構件及衰減機 U成展器）之變形便不會做對稱變 化，且使殘餘變形偏向單— C對稱之形狀，便可在安裝 σ ’因此不佳。又，如前述本發 明，藉使其專做成對中心車由線Β 時，即使將彎曲狀構件7逆 5 10 15 20 配置，亦可為正常的配置狀態， 在沒有安裝錯誤下構建而成去 f °此外，在本發明之各實施形態 中是共通的，即，彎曲狀構件 干7除安裝端部以外的彎曲狀構件 7之中間部分及前端部在不受變形拘束之狀態下，是配置於離 開連結板HKH)、上部結構2及下部結構3之位置上。 又’ 3曲狀構件7之前端部寬度—係與位於彎曲狀構件7 中之上口Μ反17及下#板18的基端側之端部寬度W2之尺寸相 較，其寬度較窄，且彎曲狀構件7之前端部寬度wi及端部寬 度W2之尺寸係大於f曲狀構件7之板厚τ者。如此，彎曲狀 構件7之前端部寬度Wi、端部寬度W2及板厚τ間之尺寸關 係為W2> W1>T時，即便上部板17及下部板18以及連接其 等之彎曲連接板19在面外方向受到變形時，亦不會在塑性變 形時積壓殘餘變形，因此亦不會扭轉，衰減機構(減震器）6的性 能變化也小。反之，如果是W2<T且W1<T之尺寸關係時， 在上部板17及下部板18以及連接其等之彎曲連接板19受到 面外方向之變形時，恐有塑性變形時積壓殘餘變形而致扭曲< 虞，藉此使衰減機構(減震器）之性能改變，因此不佳。 又，將前述實施形態及後述實施形態付諸實施時，對於將 全部的彎曲狀構件之外形形狀改變成同一形狀，以成為一具有 新功能之彎曲狀構件7之形態上，藉相似律以設定各彎曲狀構 件7之外形形狀，使之成相似形時，衰減機構（減震器）6之W〜 16 1280996 (衰減機構之屈服剪切力、變形性能、能量吸收量、疲勞特性等） 亦遵循相似律而變化。為此，要求一因為需要之某一特定衰減 機構（減震器）6之性能時，利用相似律，便能輕易地決定一用以 構建可滿足該性能之衰減機構（減震器）6中彎曲狀構件7的尺 5 寸形狀。 配置多數用以構成衰減機構6之彎曲狀構件7時，可如第 12p圖所示，以一個彎曲狀構件7為一組等距配置，亦可如第 12B圖所示，配置成使彎曲狀構件7之中心軸線C略與連結板 10各邊呈平行，並以90度間隔呈放射狀配置，使彎曲狀構件 10 7之安裝端部位於連結板10各角落部附近，亦可如第13A圖所 示，呈放射狀配置，使彎曲狀構件7之端部位於連結板10各 角落部附近，並使彎曲狀構件7之中心軸線C朝著連結板10 之中心者。又，在第12A圖中顯示··假設上部結構2及下部結 構3為混凝土結構時，藉焊接等將雙頭螺栓22固定於連結板 15 10上之狀態。上部結構2及下部結構3為鋼製時，則可適時用 螺栓或焊接加以固定。 在第12A圖所示之形態中，彎曲狀構件7之兩端部係以具 有螺孔之面板(skin plate)21為中介，各藉螺栓13而固定於連結 板10。前述面板21係採用與彎曲狀構件7之安裝端部的形狀 20 略同之鋼板，藉以該面板21為中介，即可構造成：彎曲狀構 件7即使有些變形，仍可使上部板17接觸於上部結構2，或是 下部板18接觸下部結構3，便可不受彎曲狀構件7變形的限 制。為此，進一步在彎曲狀構件7中的上部板17與上部結構2 間，以及，彎曲狀構件7中的下部板18與下部結構3間設有 17 1280996 一較大的間隙G。如該實施形態所示，由連結板10或連結板 10與面板21之板厚尺寸，上部結構2之下面或下部結構3之 上面亦為平坦面時，因為形成有前述間隙G，所以可構造成不 受彎曲狀構件7之橫向及上下方向之變形限制之點，在前述及 5 後述之全部實施形態中為共通之構造。 又，亦可如第13B圖、第14A、14B圖所示，以五角形〜七 角形之連結板10而言，使與連結板10各邊成垂直相交之狀態 下，將彎曲狀構件7之安裝端部裝設於連結板10，使其呈放射 狀配置者。又，亦可如第15圖所示，以八角形或以點線標示 10 之四角形連結板10而言，使彎曲狀構件7與連結板10各邊垂 直相交之狀態下配置彎曲狀構件7者，或，亦可為以點線所示 之四角形連結板10的形狀。此外，第13〜16圖所示之實施形 態的前視圖係與第13A圖同樣，因此省略其等前視圖的顯示。 又，亦可如第16A圖所示，將2個以上之彎曲狀構件7相 15 隔或接近平行配置，做成一組彎曲狀構件單元20，且將多數彎 曲狀構件單元20以等角度間隔配置成前述各實施形態者。如 此將2個以上彎曲狀構件7平行接近配置後構建成一組彎曲狀 構件單元時，與前述將一個一個彎曲狀構件7呈放射狀配置之 形態相較之下，較能有效率地設置多數彎曲狀構件7，且可提 20 昇衰減機構(減震器）6的性能。 又，如第16B圖所示，為使彎曲狀構件7不突出於上部結 構(上部結構物）2之下部角落部或下部結構(下部結構物）3之上 部角落部之平面輪廓形狀時，亦可將適當數量以一個彎曲狀構 件7或2個以上之彎曲狀構件7做成一組之彎曲狀構件單元20 18 1280996 相隔適當間距，而配置於連結板ίο者。 如此，配置彎曲狀構件7時，亦可在平面上以等角度間隔 配置由至少一個以上之彎曲狀構件7成組之彎曲狀構件單元 20 〇 5 如前述，以等角度間隔配置彎曲狀構件7時，可於地震時， 使衰減機構（減震器）6從水平方向360度全方位承受變形，因此 使彎曲狀構件7不須承受如水平方向般特定方向性之應力，可 由水平方向之任一方向承受地震時之水平力時，亦可維持一定 之衰減機構6之前述性能（諸如衰減機構之屈服剪切力、變形性 10 能、能量吸收量、疲勞特性等）。 以顯現有第12〜16圖所示形態之復原特性及疲勞特性的特 徵之遲滯曲線的代表形態而言，針對第12圖所示之衰減機構 6，將針對第38A圖所示之箭頭A方向及B方向之漸增加力測 試結果各示於第38B及38C圖。又，針對於第17圖所示之彎 15 曲狀構件7重複振幅與斷裂次數之疲勞曲線示於第39圖。第 38B及38C圖中顯示有約略同樣之曲線，因此可知對於復原特 性而言沒有方向性者。又，可知有示出很高的斷裂次數。 [實施形態2] 本發明之實施形態示於第18圖。該實施形態係一避震裝 20 置，即，在於上部結構2與下部結構3間所設之隔離器1的外 周，配置用以構建衰減機構6之彎曲狀構件7，且使隔離器1 與彎曲狀構件7配置成一體的狀態者。如第19圖所示，在隔 離器1及連結上部結構2與下部結構3用之連結板14的外周， 使用2個以上之多數個將彈塑性材料成形為彎曲狀之彎曲狀構 19 1280996 件7，以等角度間隔配置成如第20圖及第21圖所示之畫圓， 組合成燈籠狀，或如第22及23圖所示，以線對稱之配合將2 個彎曲狀構件7成1組，將多組配置於隔離器1之外周。彎曲 狀構件7之端部安裝於連結板14之作業，係藉螺栓13將事前 5 加工在該彎曲狀構件7之端部8及9之安裝孔12固定於事前 加工在連結板14之安裝孔15。 藉此，在上部結構2與下部結構3間展開之空間中，將隔 離器1及衰減機構6分別且並列配置時，各自佔有該空間的面 積，使得避震裝置所佔之面積增加，但藉使隔離器1及衰減機 10 構6構建成一體，可減少在上部結構2與下部結構3間之空間 中所佔的面積。 又，藉使隔離器1及衰減機構6構建成一體，可減少安裝 在上部結構2及下部結構3的部分之個數，因此可減少安裝部 分之工程及安裝用之裝置諸如連結板10，且可將施工工程費減 15 少。 進而，如同第24圖及25圖所示之建築物的柱16之中間設 置空間，且插入隔離器1以避震化之中間層避層結構中，如同 第20圖及第21圖、第22及23圖所示，在該隔離器1之外周 配置彎曲狀構件7，且設置隔離器1及衰減機構6成一體之狀 20 態。此種形態，只要是建築物的柱子根數決定，便使隔離器1 之安裝個數及地點亦自然決定之限定形態中，亦可將隔離器1 及衰減機構6形成一體後再加以安裝。又，在中間層避層結構 中，不能將避震裝置配置成使之較柱16之外周還突出於外側 之形態下，如第25圖所示配置彎曲狀構件7，便可在有限空間 20 1280996 中配置隔離器1及衰減機構6。 [變形形態] 第34〜37圖係顯示避震裝置之變形形態者，在隔離器1之 外周配置用以構建衰減機構6之彎曲狀構件7，配置隔離器1 5 與具有彎曲狀構件7之衰減機構6且使其等為一體之狀態；在 第34圖之實施形態中，切割矩形狀連結板14之角落部，使之 為短邊，並使全體成略矩形狀連結板14，且將彎曲狀構件7之 端部與前述角落部短邊垂直配置，是呈放射狀配置之形態。第 35A〜36B圖係顯示：於由略五角形〜八角形之板體所構成之連 10 結板14上放射狀配置彎曲狀構件7，並將該端部與業經切割之 角落部短邊垂直配置且呈放射狀配置之形態。此外，其等第 35〜37圖所示之實施形態之前視圖係與第34A圖同樣，因此省 略其等圖之顯示。 又，彎曲狀構件7之兩端部構造成以具有螺孔之面板21為 15 中介各藉螺栓13而固定於連結板14之構造，與第12A圖所示 之形態同樣，藉以使用有略與彎曲狀構件7之安裝端部形狀同 樣之鋼板之面板21為中介時，即使彎曲狀構件7稍微變形， 亦可構建成：上部板17接觸於上部結構2，或下部板18接觸 於下部結構3，不受彎曲狀構件7變形之限制者。 20 第37圖係顯示一代表形態，其顯示：亦可以等角度間隔配 置多數將2個以上之彎曲狀構件7平行配置，且以此為一組之 彎曲狀構件單元20者。 又，在第37圖所示之形態中，係間隔90度等角度距離將4 組由2個彎曲狀構件7平行配置成組之彎曲狀構件單元20,配 21 1280996 置於八角形狀的連結板14的每隔一邊的邊上之形態。如此， 將2個以上之彎曲狀構件7間隔一定距離或相接近之狀態下平 行配置，形成一組彎曲狀構件單元時，即使是如同第16圖所 示之形態般較窄之連結板14，亦能有效率地配置彎曲狀構件 5 7，因此可提昇衰減機構（減震器）6之性能。 在使用第17圖所示之彎曲狀構件7以顯現第34〜37圖所示 之避震裝置之復原特性的特徵之遲滯曲線的代表形態中，針對 第34圖所示之避震裝置，各將對於第4〇A圖所示之箭頭a方 向及B方向之漸增施力測試結果示於第4〇B圖及第4〇c圖。因 1〇為第4〇B圖及第40C圖顯示有略同樣之曲線，所以由此可知： 復原特性是無方向性者。 按本發明之避震裝置，與習知之避震裝置相較後，具有如 下之優點。即： ⑴本發明’藉由龍域成之構件成形L者，可 藉水平變形量之變化使於地震時之水平變形所造成之彎曲狀 構件之彎曲應力成最大之點在構件内移動。又，只須改㈣ 狀構件之形狀__狀，便、μ 水平變形而所產生之;;廊/ ^曲狀構件因地震時的 -部分。生之應力、應受不致集中且累積於構件内的某 20 大塑::範:將=構件應變之部分分散於構件全體中，以擴 能量。 彳有效地_構件全體1收地震所產生之 (2)因地震時 長，係街生抗抵靡力水平變形所產生之構件的端部間距離之伸 及應變，但伸錢線狀便可 22 1280996 輕之。又，因為 長、抗拉應力，所以不^形狀本身吸收源自水平變形之構件伸 構造，便可輕易進行裝=部:固定條件而做成㈣^ 置衣绝，亦具有經濟效益。 (3) 將用以使彎曲 曲狀的形响3維_=之彈崎料改為_時，彎 加工，俾製造彎曲狀構;雜1因此可藉冷成形，將彎曲部精密 ...a目亡 猎此，可使彎曲狀構件之製造步驟 間早’且具有經濟效益。 (4) 彎曲狀構件中 4口丨板及工親抵以及用以連接農笪夕 彎曲連接板係、呈對於其等寬度方向之中心軸線c而對稱2 狀，且彎曲狀構件係呈對於彎曲連接板中央之橫向中心轴線: =對邊’因此可使地震時之f曲狀構件及衰減機構(減 辰“之㈣對_化’且不使殘餘變形偏於單—方向，即使為 琴接同I向之變形，亦不致使剛性及屈服剪切力能量吸收量 減少而小於初始之值。 15 20 (5) f曲狀構件之前端部寬度W1、端部寬度W2與板厚τ Ψ2>^ , . 乂連接，、等板之彎曲連接板朝面外方向承受變形時，亦難以產 生橫向座屈，且於塑性變形時亦不積壓殘餘變形，因此不會扭 曲’且使衰減機構(減震器）之性能變化小。 ⑹將全部的彎曲狀構件的外形形狀變化成同-形狀，俾做 成具有新性能之彎曲狀構件時，藉相似律設定各彎曲狀構件之 外形形狀以使之形成相似形，所以衰減機構(減震器）之性能(衰 減機構之屈服剪切力、變形性能、能量吸收量、疲勞特性等） 亦按相似律而變化。為此，要求所需之某-特定減震器之性能 23 1280996 時，利用相似律，即可輕易決定用以構成滿足所需性能之衰減 機構(減震器）之彎曲狀構件7的尺寸形狀。 (7) 以平面方式且等角度間隔配置藉至少一個以上之彎曲 狀構件成組之彎曲狀構件單元，因此衰減機構（減震器）在地震 5 時由水平方向之360度全方位承受變形，所以藉以等角度間隔 配置彎曲狀構件7時，從水平方向之任一方向都受到地震時之 水平力而無水平方向之特定方向性之狀態下時，可維持一定之 衰減機構之前述性能（衰減機構之屈服剪切力、變形功能、能量 吸收量及疲勞特性等），且以等角度間隔配置將2個以上之彎曲 10 狀構件平行接近配置之彎曲狀構件單元之形態，即可有效率地 配置多數彎曲狀構件。 (8) 藉將避震裝置與隔離器構造成一體時，可減少避震裝置 與隔離器所佔面積。又，減少避震裝置與隔離器各自原本所需 之安裝於上、下部結構用之安裝部分或安裝作業，因此減少施 15 工工程費用，亦具有經濟效益。 (9) 本發明係成形一種彎曲狀構件，即，藉使彎曲狀構件之 端部寬度相對於前端寬度之比在大於1且小於2之範圍内，彎曲 狀構件之直線部長度在10cm至70cm範圍内，彎曲狀構件之彎曲 部長度相對於該構件之板厚之比大於2.5者，便可改善迄今已知 20 之彎曲狀構件在地震時朝任意方向之水平變形時之性狀中的 方向性之差，且可獲得一對於任一方向皆可穩定之復原力特 性。又，藉有效地使彎曲狀構件全體做塑性變形，便可針對設 計要求，不浪費且有效率地形成彎曲狀構件。 24 1280996 L圖式簡單說明3 第1圖係彎曲力矩圖及變形圖，顯示用以構建衰減機構之 構件為直棒型時，依地震時之水平變形，構件上所產生之彎曲 力矩及變形者。 5 第2圖係抗拉變形圖，顯示用以構建衰減機構之構件為直 棒型時，依地震時之水平變形，構件上所產生之構件長向之抗 拉變形者。 第3A至3C圖係彎曲力矩圖之例，顯示用以構建衰減機構 之構件為彎曲狀時，依地震時之水平變形，構件上所產生之彎 10 曲力矩例者。 第4圖係一用以構建衰減機構之彎曲狀構件形狀例之圖。 第5圖係抗拉變形圖，顯示用以構建衰減機構之構件為彎 曲狀時，依地震時之水平變形，構件上所產生之構件長向抗拉 變形者。 15 第6圖係顯示配置於上部結構與下部結構間之衰減機構及 隔離器者。 第7圖係一組合用以構建衰減機構之彎曲狀構件之組合圖。 第8圖係一組合用以構建衰減機構之彎曲狀構件之組合圖。 第9圖係顯示彎曲狀構件圖。 20 第10圖係一可將上部結構、下部結構及彎曲狀構件相連結 之連結板之安裝圖。 第11圖係一彎曲狀構件與連結板之安裝圖。 第12A圖係另一形態之衰減機構(減震器）之縱剖前視圖。 第12B圖係第12A圖之衰減機構的俯視圖。 25 1280996 曲狀構件錢射狀之形 曲狀構件成放射狀之形 曲狀構件成放射狀之形 第13A圖係於四角形連結板配置彎 態的衰減機構(減震器）之俯視圖。 第13B圖係於五角形連結板酉己置彎 態的衰減機構(減震器）之俯視圖。 第14A圖係於六角形連結板配置彎 態的衰減機構(減震器）之俯視圖。 第14B圖係於七角形連結板配置蠻 射狀之形 $曲狀構件成放 態的衰減機構（減震器）之俯視圖。 態 第I5圖係於八角形連結板配置彎曲狀 、 10 15 的衰減機構(減震器）之俯視圖。 $ 第16A圖係顯示後述形態之衰減機 ^ 再1成震裔）之俯視圖， _態為將2個以上之彎曲狀構件平行配置而構造成丨έ且彎曲 狀構件單元，且以等角度間隔配置多”·構件單元者。 第16Β圖係顯示後述形態之衰減 ^ 嘅機構（減震器）之俯視圖， 该形態為構造成彎曲狀構件不由上部沾 1、、、°構物或下部結構物突 出者。 第ΠΑ圖係一較佳彎曲狀構件之立體圖。 第17Β圖係第17Α圖之f曲狀構件之俯視圖。 第17C圖係第17A圖之彎曲狀構件之前視圖。 第18圖係顯示配置於隔離器外周之衰減機構的彎曲狀構件 之圖。 第19圖係一連結隔離器、上部結構及下部結構之連結板與 弓曲狀構件之安裝圖。 、卜 囝係顯示安裝於隔離裔連結板的彎曲狀構件之圖。 26 1280996 第21圖係一配置於隔離器、連結板之彎曲狀構件的組合圖。 第22圖係一配置於隔離器、連結板之彎曲狀構件的組合圖。 第23圖係一配置於隔離器、連結板之彎曲狀構件的組合圖。 第24圖係中間層避震結構中在柱的中間配置一體形成之隔 5 離器及衰減機構之圖。 第25圖係中間層避震結構中在柱的中間配置一體形成之隔 離器及衰減機構之圖。 第26A圖係彎曲狀構件之俯視圖。 第26B圖係彎曲狀構件之前視圖。 10 第26C圖係彎曲狀構件之後方立體圖。 第26D圖係顯示第26A〜26C圖之彎曲狀構件變形時之復原 特性圖。 第26E圖係顯示第26A〜26C圖之彎曲狀構件變形時之復原 特性圖。 15 第27A圖係對彎曲狀構件之各部位附與名稱標示之側視 圖。 第27B圖係對彎曲狀構件之各部位附與名稱標示之前視 圖。 第28A圖係彎曲狀構件之示意圖，該彎曲狀構件係用於有 20 關復原特性、施力方向與屈服剪切力及剛性之實驗者。 第28B圖係彎曲狀構件之示意圖，該彎曲狀構件係用於有 關復原特性、施力方向與屈服剪切力及剛性之實驗者。 第28C圖係顯示一採用第28A、28B圖之彎曲狀構件進行 且與復原特性有關之實驗結果者。 27 1280996 第28D圖係顯示一採用第28A、28B圖之彎曲狀構件進行 且與復原特性有關之實驗結果者。 第28E圖係顯示一採用第28A、28B圖之彎曲狀構件進行 且與復原特性有關之實驗結果者。 5 第28F圖係顯示一採用第28A、28B圖之彎曲狀構件進行 且和施力方向與屈服剪切力有關之實驗結果者。 第28G圖係顯示一採用第28A、28B圖之彎曲狀構件進行 且與剛性有關之實驗結果者。 第29A圖係說明圖，用以說明可影響疲勞特性之彎曲狀構 10 件的變形之諸種狀態者。 第29B圖係說明圖，用以說明可影響疲勞特性之彎曲狀構 件的變形之諸種狀態者。 第30A圖係用以於有關施力方向、振幅與斷裂位置之實驗 的彎曲狀構件之示意圖。 15 第30B圖係用以於有關施力方向、振幅與斷裂位置之實驗 的彎曲狀構件之示意圖。 第30C圖係彎曲狀構件中之斷裂位置之示意圖。 第30D圖係顯示採用第30A、30B圖之彎曲狀構件進行且 有關變形方向與斷裂位置有關之實驗結果者。 20 第31圖係避震建築物在地震時之最大相對變形之調查結果 之示意圖。 第32A圖係一彎曲狀構件之示意圖，該彎曲狀構件係用以 於有關彎曲狀構件之直線變形與疲勞特性之實驗者。 第32B圖係另一彎曲狀構件之示意圖，該彎曲狀構件係用 28 1280996 以於有關彎曲狀構件之直線變形與疲勞特性之實驗者。 第32C圖係顯示採用第32A、32B圖之彎曲狀構件進行且 與彎曲狀構件之直線變形和疲勞特性有關之實驗結果者。 第33圖係第32圖之疲勞特性實驗結果中之應變振動與斷 5 裂次數間之關係的示意圖。 第34A圖本發明變形形態之避震裝置且取下該裝置之前面 側彎曲狀構件後所示之前視圖。 第34B圖係第34A圖之避震裝置的俯視圖。 第35A圖係顯示一避震裝置之變形形態的俯視圖，該裝置 10 使用略呈五角形之連結板，並將彎曲狀構件呈平面放射狀配置 者。 第35B圖係顯示一避震裝置之變形形態的俯視圖，該裝置 使用略呈六角形之連結板，並將彎曲狀構件呈平面放射狀配置 者。 15 第36A圖係顯示一避震裝置之變形形態的俯視圖，該裝置 使用略呈七角形之連結板，並將彎曲狀構件呈平面放射狀配置 者。 第36B圖係顯示一避震裝置之變形形態的俯視圖，該裝置 使用略呈八角形之連結板，並將彎曲狀構件呈平面放射狀配置 20 者。 第37圖係顯示一避震裝置之變形形態的俯視圖，該裝置之 形態為：將彎曲狀構件平行配置而構造成1組彎曲狀構件單 元，並將多數彎曲狀構件以等角度間隔配置者。 第38A圖係一測試體的概略俯視圖，該測試體係用於漸增 29 1280996 施力測試中之衰減機構(減震器）之疲勞特性實驗者。 第38B圖係一遲滯曲線，顯示第38A圖中A方向之漸增施 力測試中之衰減機構(減震器）的疲勞特性者。 第38C圖係一遲滯曲線，顯示第38A圖中B方向之漸增施 5 力測試中之衰減機構(減震器）的疲勞特性者。 第39圖係一線圖，顯示針對彎曲狀構件所得之重複振幅與 斷裂次數關係之疲勞曲線。 第40A圖係一測試體的概略俯視圖，該測試體係用於漸增 施力測試中之衰減機構（減震器）之疲勞特性實驗者。 10 第40B圖係一遲滯曲線，顯示第40A圖中A方向之漸增施 力測試中之衰減機構(減震器）的疲勞特性者。 第40C圖係一遲滯曲線，顯示第40A圖中B方向之漸增施力 測試中之衰減機構(減震器）的疲勞特性者。 【圖式之主要元件代表符號表】 1.. .隔離器 2.. .上部結構 3.. .下部結構 6.. .衰減機構 7…彎曲狀構件 8.9.. .安裝部 10.14.. .連結板 11，12，15...安裝孔 13…螺栓 16···柱 17.. .上部板 18.. .下部板 19.. .彎曲連接板 20.. .彎曲狀構件單元 21…面板 22.. .雙頭螺栓 30In the curved member 7, the upper plate 17 and the lower portion (the plate 18 is parallel, 15 and the upper plate 17 and the lower plate 8 of the curved member 7 and the curved joints thereof are integrally connected thereto) The central axis C of the equal width direction has a symmetrical shape, and the foregoing: the plate 17 and the lower plate 18, and the curved connecting plate 19 connecting the same, and the shape of the horizontal center axis 中央 at the center of the curved connecting plate 19 is vertically symmetrical. The shape of the curved member 7 can symmetrically change the deformation of the 20 curved member 7 and the damping mechanism (damper) during the earthquake, so that the residual deformation is not biased to a single direction, even when subjected to deformation in the same direction. The energy absorption amount of the rigidity and the yield shearing force can be made not less than the initial value. Contrary to the above embodiment, the upper plate 17 and the lower plate 18 of the curved member 7 and the curved connecting plate 19 connecting the same are formed. In the case of an asymmetrical shape, the deformation of the turret-shaped member and the attenuator U-expansion device of the ground 15 1280996 will not be symmetrically changed, and the residual deformation will be biased toward the single-C symmetrical shape, and the σ ' can be installed. because This is not good. Further, according to the present invention as described above, even if the center member is made of a wire, even if the curved member 7 is disposed opposite to the 5 10 15 20, it can be in a normal arrangement state, and can be constructed without an installation error. Further, in the respective embodiments of the present invention, the intermediate portion and the front end portion of the curved member 7 other than the attachment end portion are in a state of being free from deformation, and are It is disposed at a position away from the web HKH), the upper structure 2, and the lower structure 3. Further, the width of the front end portion of the '3 curved member 7' is narrower than the width of the end portion width W2 of the base end side of the upper end surface 17 of the curved member 7 and the lower end plate 18, and the width thereof is narrow. Further, the width of the front end portion width wi and the end portion width W2 of the curved member 7 is larger than the sheet thickness τ of the f-shaped member 7. As described above, when the dimensional relationship between the front end width Wi, the end width W2, and the thickness τ of the curved member 7 is W2 > W1 > T, even the upper plate 17 and the lower plate 18 and the curved connecting plate 19 connected thereto are When the out-of-plane direction is deformed, the residual deformation does not accumulate during plastic deformation, so that it does not twist, and the performance change of the damping mechanism (damper) 6 is also small. On the other hand, in the case of the dimensional relationship of W2 < T and W1 < T, when the upper plate 17 and the lower plate 18 and the curved connecting plate 19 connected thereto are deformed in the out-of-plane direction, there is a fear that the residual deformation is accumulated during plastic deformation. The distortion is caused by 虞, whereby the performance of the damping mechanism (shock absorber) is changed, which is not preferable. Further, when the above-described embodiment and the embodiment to be described later are put into practice, the shape of the curved member is changed to the same shape to form a curved member 7 having a new function, and the similarity law is used to set When the curved members 7 are shaped outward to make them into a similar shape, the damping mechanism (damper) 6 W to 16 1280996 (yield shearing force, deformation performance, energy absorption amount, fatigue characteristics, etc. of the damping mechanism) Follow the law of similarity. To this end, it is required to use a similarity law to determine the performance of a particular attenuation mechanism (shock absorber) 6 that can be used to construct an attenuation mechanism (shock absorber) 6 that satisfies this performance. The shape of the curved member 7 is 5 inches. When a plurality of curved members 7 for constituting the damping mechanism 6 are disposed, as shown in FIG. 12p, one curved member 7 may be arranged equidistantly as shown in FIG. 12B, or may be configured to be curved as shown in FIG. 12B. The central axis C of the member 7 is slightly parallel to each side of the connecting plate 10, and is radially arranged at an interval of 90 degrees, so that the mounting end portion of the curved member 107 is located near each corner of the connecting plate 10, and may also be the same as the 13A. As shown in the figure, the end portion of the curved member 7 is placed in the vicinity of each corner portion of the connecting plate 10, and the central axis C of the curved member 7 is directed toward the center of the connecting plate 10. Further, in Fig. 12A, when the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3 are made of a concrete structure, the stud bolt 22 is fixed to the connecting plate 15 10 by welding or the like. When the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3 are made of steel, they can be fixed by bolts or welding at appropriate intervals. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 12A, both end portions of the curved member 7 are interposed by a skin plate 21 having a screw hole, and are fixed to the connecting plate 10 by bolts 13. The front panel 21 is formed of a steel plate which is slightly the same as the shape 20 of the mounting end portion of the curved member 7, and the panel 21 is used as an intermediary, so that the curved member 7 can be made to contact the upper plate 17 even if it is somewhat deformed. The upper structure 2, or the lower plate 18 contacting the lower structure 3, is not limited by the deformation of the curved member 7. To this end, a larger gap G is provided between the upper plate 17 and the upper structure 2 in the curved member 7, and between the lower plate 18 and the lower structure 3 of the curved member 7, 17 1280996. As shown in this embodiment, when the connecting plate 10 or the connecting plate 10 and the panel 21 have a plate thickness, and the lower surface of the upper structure 2 or the upper surface of the lower structure 3 is also a flat surface, since the gap G is formed, it can be constructed. The point which is not restricted by the deformation of the curved member 7 in the lateral direction and the vertical direction is a common structure in all of the embodiments described later and 5. Further, as shown in FIG. 13B, FIG. 14A, and FIG. 14B, in the pentagon-hentagon-shaped connecting plate 10, the curved member 7 is mounted in a state of being perpendicular to each side of the connecting plate 10. The end portion is attached to the connecting plate 10 so as to be radially arranged. Further, as shown in Fig. 15, in the octagonal shape or the square-shaped connecting plate 10 indicated by the dotted line, the curved member 7 may be disposed such that the curved member 7 and the side of the connecting plate 10 are perpendicularly intersected. Or, it may be in the shape of a square connecting plate 10 shown by a dotted line. Further, the front view of the embodiment shown in Figs. 13 to 16 is the same as that of Fig. 13A, and therefore the display of the front view is omitted. Further, as shown in Fig. 16A, two or more curved members 7 may be arranged 15 or nearly in parallel to form a plurality of curved member units 20, and the plurality of curved member units 20 may be equally angularly spaced. It is arranged in the above embodiments. When two or more curved members 7 are arranged in parallel in this manner and are formed into a group of curved member units, it is possible to efficiently set a plurality of bends in comparison with the above-described one in which one of the curved members 7 is radially arranged. The member 7 and the performance of the 20-liter damping mechanism (damper) 6 can be provided. Further, as shown in Fig. 16B, in order to prevent the curved member 7 from protruding beyond the lower corner portion of the upper structure (upper structure) 2 or the upper corner portion of the lower structure (lower structure) 3, An appropriate number of curved member units 20 18 1280996 in which a plurality of curved members 7 or two or more curved members 7 are formed at a proper interval may be disposed on the connecting plate. As described above, when the curved member 7 is disposed, the curved member units 20 〇 5 which are grouped by the at least one or more curved members 7 may be disposed at equal angular intervals on the plane. The curved members 7 are disposed at equal angular intervals as described above. At the time of the earthquake, the damping mechanism (damper) 6 can be subjected to deformation from 360 degrees in the horizontal direction, so that the curved member 7 does not have to bear the stress of a specific direction such as the horizontal direction, and can be horizontally When the first direction is subjected to the horizontal force during the earthquake, the aforementioned performance of the attenuation mechanism 6 (such as the yield shearing force of the damping mechanism, the deformability 10 energy, the energy absorption amount, the fatigue property, etc.) can be maintained. In the representative form of the hysteresis curve showing the characteristics of the restoration characteristics and the fatigue characteristics of the conventional forms shown in Figs. 12 to 16, the attenuation mechanism 6 shown in Fig. 12 is directed to the direction of the arrow A shown in Fig. 38A. And the increasing force test results in the B direction are shown in Figures 38B and 38C, respectively. Further, the fatigue curve for repeating the amplitude and the number of breaks for the curved curved member 7 shown in Fig. 17 is shown in Fig. 39. Figs. 38B and 38C show approximately the same curves, so that it is known that there is no directionality for the restoration characteristics. Further, it can be seen that the number of fractures is high. [Embodiment 2] An embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 18. This embodiment is a shock absorber 20, that is, an outer periphery of the isolator 1 disposed between the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3, and a curved member 7 for constructing the damping mechanism 6 is disposed, and the isolator 1 is The curved members 7 are arranged in an integrated state. As shown in Fig. 19, in the isolator 1 and the outer periphery of the connecting plate 14 for connecting the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3, a plurality of two or more elastoplastic materials are formed into a curved curved structure 19 1280996 pieces. 7. Arranged at equal angular intervals to draw circles as shown in Fig. 20 and Fig. 21, to form a lantern shape, or as shown in Figs. 22 and 23, to form two curved members 7 in a line symmetrical manner. In one group, a plurality of groups are arranged in the outer periphery of the isolator 1. The end portion of the curved member 7 is attached to the connecting plate 14, and the mounting hole 12 of the end portions 8 and 9 of the curved member 7 is fixed to the mounting hole of the connecting plate 14 in advance by the bolts 13. 15. Therefore, when the isolator 1 and the damping mechanism 6 are arranged in parallel in the space between the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3, the area of the space is occupied by each, so that the area occupied by the shock absorber increases, but The spacer 1 and the attenuator 10 are integrally formed to reduce the area occupied by the space between the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3. Moreover, since the isolator 1 and the damping mechanism 6 are integrally formed, the number of the portions mounted on the upper structure 2 and the lower structure 3 can be reduced, so that the engineering of the mounting portion and the device for mounting such as the web 10 can be reduced, and Construction construction costs can be reduced by less than 15. Further, as in the intermediate layer avoiding layer structure in which the spacer 1 is inserted in the middle of the column 16 of the building shown in Figs. 24 and 25, as in Fig. 20 and Fig. 21, 22 As shown in Fig. 23, the curved member 7 is disposed on the outer circumference of the isolator 1, and the isolator 1 and the damping mechanism 6 are provided in a unitary state. In this form, as long as the number of columns of the building is determined, the number and location of the isolator 1 are naturally determined. Alternatively, the isolator 1 and the damping mechanism 6 may be integrated and then mounted. Further, in the intermediate layer avoiding layer structure, the suspension device cannot be disposed so as to protrude from the outer periphery of the column 16 to the outer side, and the curved member 7 is disposed as shown in Fig. 25, and the space can be limited to 20 Isolator 1 and attenuation mechanism 6 are configured in 1280996. [Modification] FIGS. 34 to 37 show a deformed form of the suspension device. The curved member 7 for constructing the damping mechanism 6 is disposed on the outer periphery of the isolator 1, and the isolator 15 and the curved member 7 are disposed. The attenuation mechanism 6 is in a state of being integrated; in the embodiment of Fig. 34, the corner portions of the rectangular connecting plate 14 are cut so as to be short sides, and the entire rectangular connecting plate 14 is formed, and The end portion of the curved member 7 is disposed perpendicular to the short side of the corner portion, and is radially arranged. 35A to 36B are diagrams showing that the curved member 7 is radially arranged on the ten-joining plate 14 composed of a slightly pentagonal to octagonal plate body, and the end portion is vertically arranged with the short side of the cut corner portion. It is in the form of a radial arrangement. Further, the front view of the embodiment shown in Figs. 35 to 37 is the same as that of Fig. 34A, and therefore the display of the figures is omitted. Further, the both end portions of the curved member 7 are configured such that the panel 21 having the screw holes 15 is fixed to the connecting plate 14 by the respective bolts 13 and is similar to the configuration shown in Fig. 12A. When the shape of the end portion of the curved member 7 is the same as that of the panel 21 of the steel sheet, even if the curved member 7 is slightly deformed, the upper plate 17 may be in contact with the upper structure 2, or the lower plate 18 may be in contact with the lower structure 3. It is not restricted by the deformation of the curved member 7. Fig. 37 shows a representative form which shows that a plurality of curved members 7 are arranged in parallel at equal angular intervals, and the curved member unit 20 is a group. Further, in the form shown in Fig. 37, four sets of curved member units 20 which are arranged in parallel by two curved members 7 are arranged at an angular distance of 90 degrees, and 21 1280996 is placed in an octagonal connecting plate. The form of the side of the other side of the other side. In this manner, when two or more curved members 7 are arranged in parallel at a predetermined distance or in close proximity to each other to form a group of curved member units, even the connecting plate 14 having a narrow shape as shown in FIG. The curved member 5 7 can also be efficiently arranged, so that the performance of the damping mechanism (damper) 6 can be improved. In the representative form of the hysteresis curve in which the curved member 7 shown in FIG. 17 is used to visualize the recovery characteristics of the suspension device shown in FIGS. 34 to 37, each of the suspension devices shown in FIG. The results of the incremental force application test for the arrow a direction and the B direction shown in Fig. 4A are shown in Fig. 4B and Fig. 4c. Since 1〇 is the fourth 〇B and 40C, the curve is slightly the same, so it can be seen that the restoration characteristics are non-directional. The shock absorbing device according to the present invention has the following advantages as compared with the conventional shock absorbing device. Namely: (1) The present invention is formed by forming a member of the dragon domain into a member L, and the bending stress of the curved member caused by the horizontal deformation at the time of the earthquake is maximized to move within the member by the change in the amount of horizontal deformation. Moreover, it is only necessary to change the shape of the (four) member to the shape of the __, and the μ is deformed horizontally; the gallery/^ is a part of the curved member due to the earthquake. The stress of life should be limited to a certain 20 large plastics that are not concentrated and accumulated in the component: Fan: Disperse the part of the component strain in the whole part of the component to expand the energy.彳 地 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 1280996 Light. Moreover, because of the long and tensile stress, the shape itself can absorb the structure of the member derived from the horizontal deformation, and the assembly can be easily carried out by fixing the condition: (4), and it is economical. (3) When the shape of the curved three-dimensional _= is changed to _, the bending process is performed, and the curved structure is made; the miscellaneous 1 can be formed by cold forming, and the bending portion is precision... This can make the manufacturing steps of the curved members early and economical. (4) The four jaws of the curved member and the workers are abutted and connected to the farmer's curved connecting plate system, and are symmetrically 2 shaped for the central axis c of the width direction thereof, and the curved members are curved The transverse central axis of the center of the connecting plate: = opposite side, so that the f-shaped member and the damping mechanism during the earthquake can be reduced (the (4) is _-' and the residual deformation is not biased to the single-direction, even if it is a piano The deformation of the I direction is not caused by the reduction of the energy absorption of the stiffness and yield shear force and is less than the initial value. 15 20 (5) f Curved member front end width W1, end width W2 and plate thickness τ Ψ2> ;^ , . 乂 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 等 弯曲 , 、 、 、 、 、 、 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲 弯曲The performance change of the shock absorber is small. (6) When the shape of the entire curved member is changed to the same shape, and the curved member having the new performance is formed, the shape of each curved member is set by the similarity law so that Forming a similar shape, so the attenuation machine The performance of the (damper) (yield shear force, deformation performance, energy absorption, fatigue characteristics, etc.) of the damping mechanism also varies according to the law of similarity. To this end, the performance of a certain specific shock absorber is required. At 1280996, the shape and shape of the curved member 7 for constituting the damping mechanism (damper) satisfying the required performance can be easily determined by using the similarity law. (7) At least one or more are arranged in a planar manner and at equal angular intervals. Since the curved members are grouped in a curved member unit, the damping mechanism (damper) is deformed by 360 degrees in the horizontal direction at the time of the earthquake 5, so when the curved members 7 are arranged at equal angular intervals, from the horizontal direction When either direction is subjected to the horizontal force at the time of the earthquake and there is no specific directionality in the horizontal direction, the above-described performance of the attenuation mechanism can be maintained (the yield shearing force, the deformation function, the energy absorption amount, and the fatigue of the attenuation mechanism) Equivalently, the shape of the curved member unit in which two or more curved 10-shaped members are arranged in parallel is arranged at equal angular intervals, and can be efficiently matched Most curved members. (8) By integrating the suspension device and the isolator, the area occupied by the suspension device and the isolator can be reduced. Further, the installation of the suspension device and the isolator is reduced. The installation part or installation work of the lower structure is therefore economical and reduces the cost of the construction work. (9) The present invention forms a curved member, that is, if the width of the end portion of the curved member is opposite to the front end When the ratio of the width is in the range of more than 1 and less than 2, the length of the straight portion of the curved member is in the range of 10 cm to 70 cm, and the ratio of the length of the bent portion of the curved member to the thickness of the member is more than 2.5, which can be improved. Heretofore, the difference in directivity between the properties of the curved members of 20 in the horizontal direction when deformed in any direction during an earthquake has been known, and a restoring force characteristic which is stable in either direction can be obtained. Further, by effectively plastically deforming the entire curved member, it is possible to form a curved member without waste and efficiently in accordance with design requirements. 24 1280996 L Simple description of the figure 3 The first figure is the bending moment diagram and the deformation diagram. It shows that when the member used to construct the damping mechanism is a straight rod type, the bending moment and deformation generated on the member according to the horizontal deformation during the earthquake. . 5 Fig. 2 is a tensile deformation diagram showing that when the member for constructing the damping mechanism is a straight rod type, it is deformed in accordance with the horizontal deformation at the time of the earthquake, and the member produced on the member is tensilely deformed in the longitudinal direction. The 3A to 3C diagram is an example of a bending moment diagram showing a case where the member for constructing the damping mechanism is curved, and the bending moment generated by the member is caused by the horizontal deformation at the time of the earthquake. Fig. 4 is a view showing an example of a shape of a curved member for constructing a damping mechanism. Fig. 5 is a tensile deformation diagram showing that when the member for constructing the damping mechanism is bent, the member is deformed by the horizontal deformation at the time of the earthquake, and the member produced on the member is tensilely deformed in the longitudinal direction. 15 Figure 6 shows the attenuation mechanism and isolators disposed between the upper structure and the lower structure. Figure 7 is a combination of a curved member for constructing an attenuation mechanism. Figure 8 is a combination of a curved member for constructing an attenuation mechanism. Fig. 9 is a view showing a curved member. 20 Fig. 10 is a view showing the mounting of a connecting plate which can connect the upper structure, the lower structure and the curved member. Figure 11 is a view showing the installation of a curved member and a web. Fig. 12A is a longitudinal sectional front view of another embodiment of the damping mechanism (damper). Figure 12B is a plan view of the attenuation mechanism of Figure 12A. 25 1280996 Curved member-shaped shape of a curved shape Curved member in a radial shape Curved member in a radial shape Fig. 13A is a plan view of a damping mechanism (damper) in which a rectangular joint plate is placed in a curved state. Fig. 13B is a plan view of the damper mechanism (shock absorber) in a bent state of the pentagon-shaped connecting plate. Fig. 14A is a plan view showing a bending mechanism (shock absorber) in a hexagonal connecting plate. Fig. 14B is a plan view of a seven-corner web that is configured in a sturdy shape. The curved member is a floating mechanism (shock absorber). State Figure I5 is a plan view of the octagonal web with a curved, 10 15 attenuation mechanism (shock absorber). $16A is a plan view showing an attenuator of the form described later, and a state in which the two or more curved members are arranged in parallel to form a meandering and curved member unit at equal angular intervals. Fig. 16 is a plan view showing an attenuation mechanism (damper) of a mode to be described later, which is a structure in which a curved member is not covered by an upper portion, a structure, or a lower structure. The figure is a perspective view of a preferred curved member. The 17th view is a top view of the f-shaped member of Fig. 17C. The 17C is a front view of the curved member of Fig. 17A. Fig. 18 shows Fig. 19 is a view showing a curved member of a damping mechanism disposed on the outer periphery of the isolator. Fig. 19 is a view showing the installation of a connecting plate and a bow-shaped member connecting the isolator, the upper structure and the lower structure. Fig. 21 is a combination view of a curved member disposed on a separator and a joint plate. Fig. 22 is a group of curved members disposed on the separator and the joint plate. Fig. 23 is a combination view of a curved member disposed in the isolator and the connecting plate. Fig. 24 is a view showing an integrally formed spacer and a damping mechanism disposed in the middle of the column in the intermediate layer suspension structure. Fig. 25 is a view showing an integrally formed isolator and attenuating mechanism in the middle of the column in the intermediate layer suspension structure. Fig. 26A is a plan view of the curved member. Fig. 26B is a front view of the curved member. 10 Fig. 26C Fig. 26D is a recovery characteristic diagram when the curved member of Fig. 26A to Fig. 26C is deformed. Fig. 26E is a diagram showing the recovery characteristic when the curved member of Figs. 26A to 26C is deformed. 15 Fig. 27A is a side view showing the parts of the curved member attached with the name. Fig. 27B is a front view showing the parts of the curved member attached with the name. Fig. 28A is a schematic view of the curved member, the bending The member is used for experiments with 20-recovery recovery characteristics, force-applying direction and yield shear force and rigidity. Figure 28B is a schematic view of a curved member for restoration characteristics The experiment of the direction of force and the yield shear force and rigidity. Figure 28C shows the results of experiments using the curved members of Figures 28A and 28B and related to the recovery characteristics. 27 1280996 Figure 28D shows the use of The experimental results relating to the recovery characteristics of the curved members of Figs. 28A and 28B are shown in Fig. 28E. Fig. 28E shows an experimental result relating to the recovery characteristics using the curved members of Figs. 28A and 28B. 5 28F The figure shows an experimental result using the curved members of Figs. 28A, 28B and the direction of the applied force and the yield shearing force. Figure 28G shows a curved member using the 28A, 28B and The result of the experiment related to rigidity. Fig. 29A is an explanatory view for explaining various states of deformation of a curved member which can affect fatigue characteristics. Fig. 29B is an explanatory view for explaining various states of deformation of a curved member which can affect fatigue characteristics. Fig. 30A is a schematic view of a curved member for an experiment on the direction of application of force, amplitude and position of fracture. 15 Figure 30B is a schematic view of a curved member used in experiments on the direction of force applied, amplitude and location of the fracture. Figure 30C is a schematic illustration of the location of the fracture in the curved member. Fig. 30D shows the experimental results relating to the deformation direction and the fracture position by the curved members of Figs. 30A and 30B. 20 Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of the survey results of the maximum relative deformation of a suspension building during an earthquake. Fig. 32A is a schematic view of a curved member for use in experimenting with linear deformation and fatigue characteristics of a curved member. Figure 32B is a schematic view of another curved member using 28 1280996 for the experiment of linear deformation and fatigue characteristics of the curved member. Fig. 32C shows the results of experiments conducted using the curved members of Figs. 32A and 32B and related to the linear deformation and fatigue characteristics of the curved members. Fig. 33 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the strain vibration and the number of cracks in the experimental results of the fatigue characteristics of Fig. 32. Fig. 34A is a front view showing the shock absorbing device according to a modification of the present invention and removing the front side curved member of the device. Figure 34B is a plan view of the shock absorber of Figure 34A. Fig. 35A is a plan view showing a modified form of a shock absorbing device which uses a substantially pentagonal connecting plate and arranges the curved members in a planar radial shape. Fig. 35B is a plan view showing a modified form of a shock absorbing device which uses a hexagonal connecting plate and arranges the curved members in a planar radial shape. 15 Fig. 36A is a plan view showing a deformed form of a shock absorbing device which uses a substantially rectangular joint plate and arranges the curved members in a planar radial shape. Fig. 36B is a plan view showing a modified form of a shock absorbing device which uses a substantially octagonal connecting plate and arranges the curved members in a planar radial shape. Fig. 37 is a plan view showing a modified form of a suspension device which is configured by arranging the curved members in parallel to form a group of curved member units, and arranging a plurality of curved members at equal angular intervals. Figure 38A is a schematic top view of a test body for the fatigue characteristics of the attenuation mechanism (shock absorber) in the incremental force test of 29 1280996. Fig. 38B is a hysteresis curve showing the fatigue characteristics of the damping mechanism (shock absorber) in the incremental force test in the direction A in Fig. 38A. Fig. 38C is a hysteresis curve showing the fatigue characteristics of the damping mechanism (shock absorber) in the B-direction incremental force test in Fig. 38A. Figure 39 is a one-line diagram showing the fatigue curve for the repeated amplitude and the number of fractures obtained for a curved member. Fig. 40A is a schematic plan view of a test body used for the fatigue characteristic experiment of the damping mechanism (damper) in the incremental force test. 10 Figure 40B is a hysteresis curve showing the fatigue characteristics of the damping mechanism (shock absorber) in the A-direction incremental force test in Figure 40A. Fig. 40C is a hysteresis curve showing the fatigue characteristics of the damping mechanism (shock absorber) in the incremental force application test in the B direction in Fig. 40A. [Main component representative symbol table of the drawing] 1.. Isolator 2.. Upper structure 3... Lower structure 6.. Attenuation mechanism 7... Curved member 8.9.. Mounting part 10.14.. Plates 11, 12, 15... Mounting holes 13... Bolts 16··· Columns 17.. Upper plate 18.. Lower plate 19.. Bending connecting plate 20.. Curved member unit 21... Panel 22 .. . Stud bolt 30