TW202229238A - 用於製備5-(1-氰基環丙基)-吡啶-2-甲酸、酯、醯胺和腈之方法 - Google Patents
用於製備5-(1-氰基環丙基)-吡啶-2-甲酸、酯、醯胺和腈之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202229238A TW202229238A TW110137332A TW110137332A TW202229238A TW 202229238 A TW202229238 A TW 202229238A TW 110137332 A TW110137332 A TW 110137332A TW 110137332 A TW110137332 A TW 110137332A TW 202229238 A TW202229238 A TW 202229238A
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- hydrogen
- alkyl
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- -1 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid esters amides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 38
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 title description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 102
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 33
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 32
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-pyrrolidine Natural products CN1CC=CC1 AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 13
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004458 methylaminocarbonyl group Chemical group [H]N(C(*)=O)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylpyrrolidine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1 AVFZOVWCLRSYKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DZSFAKPAZUSOAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCSC1=CC(SCCC(C#N)C#N)=CN=C1C(O)=O Chemical compound CCSC1=CC(SCCC(C#N)C#N)=CN=C1C(O)=O DZSFAKPAZUSOAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QTRCNVFUNPMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCSC1=CC(C(CCSC#N)C#N)=CN=C1C(O)=O Chemical compound CCSC1=CC(C(CCSC#N)C#N)=CN=C1C(O)=O QTRCNVFUNPMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dmpu Chemical compound CN1CCCN(C)C1=O GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTKCPZYOLXPARI-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;2-methylpropan-2-olate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC(C)(C)[O-].CC(C)(C)[O-] RTKCPZYOLXPARI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- IRJYSWXVSNWZDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCOC(C(C(Cl)=C1)=NC=C1SCCC(C#N)C#N)=O Chemical compound CCOC(C(C(Cl)=C1)=NC=C1SCCC(C#N)C#N)=O IRJYSWXVSNWZDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- YUNWOJHPOZXPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCSC1=CC(C(CCS2)(C2=N)C#N)=CN=C1C(O)=O Chemical compound CCSC1=CC(C(CCS2)(C2=N)C#N)=CN=C1C(O)=O YUNWOJHPOZXPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N malononitrile Chemical compound N#CCC#N CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004976 cyclobutylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010952 in-situ formation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- SZJFGTWFLXTOHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetraazide Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=N[Si](N=[N+]=[N-])(N=[N+]=[N-])N=[N+]=[N-] SZJFGTWFLXTOHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 67
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 33
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 30
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 125000006297 carbonyl amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:2])C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 24
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 22
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 20
- 238000010966 qNMR Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 19
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- FOCRBNWARAKKSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-2,3-dihydrothiophene-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound NC1=C(C#N)CCS1 FOCRBNWARAKKSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 14
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 13
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 12
- WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N([Na])[Si](C)(C)C WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000004186 cyclopropylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- MECVGWRVTBQGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C(#N)C1(CC1)C=1C=C(C(=NC=1)C(=O)O)SCC MECVGWRVTBQGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IEBMZVGHRCIINL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(#N)C1(CC1)C=1C=CC(=NC=1)C(=O)O Chemical class C(#N)C1(CC1)C=1C=CC(=NC=1)C(=O)O IEBMZVGHRCIINL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000005913 (C3-C6) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- OKZRYTQVIDYOOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClC=1C=C(C(=NC=1)C(=O)O)SCC Chemical compound ClC=1C=C(C(=NC=1)C(=O)O)SCC OKZRYTQVIDYOOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YNESATAKKCNGOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound [Li+].C[Si](C)(C)[N-][Si](C)(C)C YNESATAKKCNGOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEZKDFZPRCUEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 5-bromo-3-ethylsulfanylpyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C(=NC=1)C(=O)OC)SCC VEZKDFZPRCUEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229940116357 potassium thiocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- KPHRXSNSIGEBSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-3-chloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=NC=C(Br)C=C1Cl KPHRXSNSIGEBSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MNQCXCNFMFTRPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N BrC=1C=C(C(=NC=1)C#N)SCC Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C(=NC=1)C#N)SCC MNQCXCNFMFTRPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VFYIHTGFAVHHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCSC1=CC(C(CCCl)C#N)=CN=C1C(O)=O Chemical compound CCSC1=CC(C(CCCl)C#N)=CN=C1C(O)=O VFYIHTGFAVHHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVCHOWPMQCNXTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CNC(C1=NC=C(C2(CC2)C#N)C=C1)=O Chemical compound CNC(C1=NC=C(C2(CC2)C#N)C=C1)=O VVCHOWPMQCNXTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NYMVVIHWZKOBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClC=1C=C(C(=NC=1)C(=O)OCC)SCC Chemical compound ClC=1C=C(C(=NC=1)C(=O)OCC)SCC NYMVVIHWZKOBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclobutane Chemical compound C1CCC1 PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GDANWGXDANXYNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3,5-dichloropyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=NC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl GDANWGXDANXYNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005919 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005918 1,2-dimethylbutyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LKUDPHPHKOZXCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(OC)=C1 LKUDPHPHKOZXCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006218 1-ethylbutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WYPTZCBYSQFOQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;bis(trimethylsilyl)azanide Chemical compound [Mg+2].C[Si](C)(C)[N-][Si](C)(C)C.C[Si](C)(C)[N-][Si](C)(C)C WYPTZCBYSQFOQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XBEJWNZIDGTXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 5-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-3-ethylsulfanylpyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C(#N)C1(CC1)C=1C=C(C(=NC=1)C(=O)OC)SCC XBEJWNZIDGTXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IBZLRKVPLWYFCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylethanamine;n-methylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCNC.CCNCC IBZLRKVPLWYFCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010502 orange oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M picolinate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YOENNKWSGTULSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 3,5-dichloropyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)c1ncc(Cl)cc1Cl YOENNKWSGTULSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKMJJGSUTRBWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 AKMJJGSUTRBWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000526 short-path distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RQBAGJIMKUEGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3,5-dichloropyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)c1ncc(Cl)cc1Cl RQBAGJIMKUEGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBADHSASJURYGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 5-chloropyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=N1 HBADHSASJURYGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/62—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D213/70—Sulfur atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/79—Acids; Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/79—Acids; Esters
- C07D213/803—Processes of preparation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/81—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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Abstract
Description
本發明關於可用作用於製備農用化學品的中間體的5-(1-氰基環丙基)-吡啶-2-甲酸、酯、醯胺和腈之製備。
某些具有3-烷基氫硫基取代基的5-(1-氰基環丙基)-吡啶-2-甲酸(及其某些相應的酯、醯胺和鹽)可用作用於製備農用化學工業中的生物活性化合物的中間體,如先前、例如在以下中描述的:WO16087265、WO16121997、WO 2019059244、WO 2020071304、WO 2020090585和JP2020079325。
具有3-烷基氫硫基取代基的5-(1-氰基環丙基)-吡啶-2-甲酸的已知合成關於許多反應步驟。例如,已報告了從5-溴-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸甲酯獲得3-乙基氫硫基衍生物的途徑(在WO 2010/077565中)並在流程1中示出。
流程1. 獲得5-(1-氰基環丙基)-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸的途徑
已報告了兩種獲得5-溴-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸烷基酯的途徑(途徑A:CN105218437;途徑B:US2012/0165338或
J. Org. Chem.[有機化學雜誌],
2009, 74, 4547-4553)並在流程2中示出(R
1係H,C
1-C
4烷基、或鹼金屬離子)。
流程2. 獲得5-溴-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸烷基酯的途徑
此類費時且費力的合成由於總產率低且產生大量廢物而不適用於製備大量材料。因此,使得可獲得用於該等有用的中間體的更有效且更經濟之途徑將是有利的。
因此本發明提供一種用於製備具有式I之5-(1-氰基環丙基)-吡啶-2-甲酸、酯、醯胺和腈或其農用化學上可接受的鹽之方法
其中R
1係-CO
2R
4、-CO(NR
5R
6)、甲酸酯或氰基;R
2係氫、鹵素或-SR
3;R
3係C
1-C
4烷基或C
3-C
6環烷基-C
1-C
4烷基;R
4係氫、-Si(CH
3)
3或C
1-C
6烷基;並且R
5和R
6彼此獨立地是氫或C
1-C
4烷基。
根據本發明之第一方面,使用鹼和具有式 (IV) 之試劑將在具有式 (III) 之吡啶的5位處的鹵素原子直接替換產生具有式 (I) 之化合物,其中R
1和R
2係如先前所定義的並且Hal係鹵素(流程3)。
流程3
具有式 (IV) 之化合物係已知的、可商購的,並且其合成由Yamagata, Kenji等人在
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin[化學與藥學通報], 30(12), 4396-401;
1982;或由Wamhoff, Heinrich和Thiemig, Heinz Albrecht在
Chemische Berichte[化學學報], 118(11), 4473-85;
1985;或由Caspari, Philip等人在
RSC Advances[英國皇家化學學會期刊], 6(100), 98059-98065;
2016中所述。
因此,根據本發明之另一方面,提供了一種用於製備具有式I之化合物(流程4):
其中R
1係-CO
2R
4、-CO(NR
5R
6)、甲酸酯或氰基;R
2係氫、鹵素或-SR
3;R
3係C
1-C
4烷基或C
3-C
6環烷基-C
1-C
4烷基;R
4係氫、-Si(CH
3)
3或C
1-C
6烷基;並且R
5和R
6彼此獨立地是氫或C
1-C
4烷基,或具有式I之化合物的農用化學上可接受的鹽之方法;該方法包括:
使具有式 (III) 之化合物
其中R
1和R
2係如上在式I下所定義的並且Hal係鹵素
與具有式 (IV) 之化合物,
在合適的鹼的存在下,在適當的溶劑(或稀釋劑)中反應;
以產生具有式 (I) 之化合物或其農用化學上可接受的鹽。
本發明之另一方面提供了某些具有式I之化合物,其由具有式Ia之化合物表示
其中R
1a係-CO
2R
4a、-CO(NR
5aR
6a)、甲酸酯或氰基;R
2a係氫、鹵素或-SR
3a;R
3a係C
1-C
4烷基或C
3-C
6環烷基-C
1-C
4烷基;R
4a係氫、-Si(CH
3)
3或C
1-C
6烷基;並且R
5a和R
6a彼此獨立地是氫或C
1-C
4烷基,或具有式Ia之化合物的農用化學上可接受的鹽;
其前提係具有式Ia之化合物不是:選自由以下組成之群組:具有式Ib、Ic和Id的化合物;
其中R
1b係CN或-CO
2Me;
其中R
1c係-CO
2H、-CO
2Me、-CO
2Et或-CONHMe;並且
其中R
1d係-CO
2H、-CO
2Me或-CONHMe。
本發明之方法被證明十分有用,因為它相對於先前所述途徑允許以更高的產率和在更有利的條件下合成用於製備農用化學品的關鍵結構單元。
藉由本發明之方法製備的具有式I之化合物、或本發明之方法中使用的具有式III之化合物(具有至少一個鹼性中心),可以例如與以下形成例如酸加成鹽:強無機酸(如礦物酸,例如過氯酸、硫酸、硝酸、亞硝酸、磷酸或氫鹵酸),強有機羧酸(如未取代的或例如被鹵素取代的C
1-C
4烷羧酸,例如乙酸,如飽和或不飽和的二羧酸,例如草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、馬來酸、富馬酸或鄰苯二甲酸,如羥基羧酸,例如抗壞血酸、乳酸、蘋果酸、酒石酸或檸檬酸,或如苯甲酸),或有機磺酸(如未取代的或例如被鹵素取代的C
1-C
4烷磺酸或芳基磺酸,例如甲烷磺酸或對甲苯磺酸)。具有式I之化合物、或本發明之方法中使用的具有式III之化合物(具有至少一個酸性基團),可以例如與鹼形成鹽,例如無機鹽,如鹼金屬或鹼土金屬鹽,例如鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鋰鹽或鎂鹽;或與氨或有機胺(如𠰌啉,哌啶,吡咯啶,單、二或三低級烷基胺,例如乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺或二甲基丙基胺,或單、二或三羥基低級烷基胺,例如單乙醇胺、二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺)形成鹽。在較佳的實施方式中,本發明之方法中使用的具有式III之化合物係中性或帶負電荷的,特別是當取代基R
1係羧酸根陰離子時。
在每種情況下,藉由根據本發明之方法製備的具有式 (I) 之化合物係呈游離形式或呈鹽的形式(例如農藝學上可用的鹽的形式)。
如本文所用,術語「C
1-C
n烷基」係指具有1至n個碳原子、經由任一碳原子附接的飽和直鏈或支鏈烴基,例如以下基團中的任一種:甲基、乙基、正丙基、1-甲基丁基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、正己基、正戊基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、1-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、1-乙基丁基、2-乙基丁基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,2,2-三甲基丙基、1-乙基-1-甲基丙基、或1-乙基-2-甲基丙基。
如本文所用,術語「C
3-C
6環烷基」係指3元-6元環烷基,如環丙烷、環丁烷、環戊烷和環己烷。
如本文所用,在術語(如「C
3-C
6環烷基」)後的後綴「-C
1-C
4烷基」係指被C
3-C
6環烷基取代的直鏈或支鏈飽和烷基。C
3-C
6環烷基-C
1-C
4烷基的實例係例如,環丙基甲基。
鹵素通常是氟、氯、溴或碘。
參照流程5對根據本發明之用於製造具有式 (I) 之化合物之方法的另外方面進行進一步詳述和解釋,其中R
1、R
2和Hal如上所定義。在製造具有式 (I) 之化合物之方法中製造一些中間體化合物並進一步將其轉化,那麼可以將此詳述為以單鍋操作通過以下中間體(流程5)
流程5
在將中間體鹽完全轉化為具有式 (I) 之化合物之前,中間體鹽有時可以被質子化、分離並以INT I、INT II或INT III形式表徵。在此方面,化合物INT I、INT II或INT III還可以在單獨的後續步驟中再經受鹼性條件以得到具有式 (I) 之化合物。在根據本發明之用於製造具有式 (I) 之化合物之方法中,合適的鹼的實例係鹼金屬六甲基二矽疊氮化物、鹼土金屬六甲基二矽疊氮化物、鹼金屬氫氧化物、鹼金屬醇化物或鹼土金屬醇化物。所提及的實例可以是氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、甲醇鈉、三級丁醇鈉、和三級丁醇鉀;較佳的是鹼金屬氫氧化物,更較佳的是氫氧化鈉。在一個實施方式中,對於中間體I(INT I),R
1係羧酸根陰離子的特例需要陽離子部分或全部由鎂或鋅陽離子組成,用於進行反應的最終步驟(如在流程5中示出的那些)。此外可以從開始時使用如二(三級丁醇)鎂或二(六甲基二矽疊氮)鎂的鹼,無需任何添加劑。可替代地,在隨後添加鎂
(II)、鋅
(II)或Al
(III)鹽作為添加劑,例如像MgCl
2、ZnCl
2、Al(OtBu)
3或AlCl
3(在流程5中作為「有時添加劑」提及的)時,可以使用鹼如鈉或鉀氫氧化物或醇化物。
可以在INT I形成之後或在一些情況下從反應開始時將此類添加劑引入反應中。後者的實例係從反應開始時NaOtBu(作為鹼)和Al(OtBu)
3(作為添加劑)的同時使用。在反應期間INT I產生之後,由鹼產生的水或醇可以有利地藉由蒸餾從反應混合物中除去,之後引入添加劑。如果使用的溶劑具有高沸點(如NMP或DMSO),則無需除去溶劑即可完成此,或者如果沸點接近於醇或水(DMF),則僅除去一部分溶劑即可完成此。在引入添加劑之前從反應混合物中除去水或醇允許使用減少量的添加劑。在較佳的實施方式中,反應還將在不除去(INT I持續形成或形成之後)水或醇的情況下進行,前提係引入足夠當量的添加劑。
下表X旨在展示在本發明之範圍內的鹼、溶劑和/或添加劑的一些組合。較佳的是,如果使用添加劑,則其在形成INT I之後引入反應。
[表X]
條目 | 鹼 | 溶劑 | 添加劑 | 溫度 | 化合物 (I) 之產率 |
1 | 固體NaOMe | NMP | MgCl 2 | 65ºC | 87% |
2 | 固體NaOtBu | NMP | MgCl 2 | 65ºC | 90%(實施例11) |
3 | NaOH粉末 | DMF | MgCl 2 | 65ºC | 91% |
4 | NaOH粉末 | DMSO | ZnCl 2 | 65ºC | 約70% |
5 | Mg(OtBu) 2 | DMF | - | 65ºC | 58% |
6 | Mg(HMDS) 2 | DMF | - | 65ºC | 72% |
7 | LiHMDS | DMF | Al(OtBu) 3 | 65ºC | 49% |
8 | 固體NaOtBu | NMP | AlCl 3 | 65ºC | 約70% |
如在流程5中示出和解釋的用於製備具有式I之化合物之方法的較佳的實施方式進一步藉由參照流程6詳述。特別地,使用鎂(II)、鋅(II)或鋁(III)添加劑用於藉由本發明之方法製備具有式I之化合物的替代流程係例如,在INT I形成期間所產生的水或醇蒸餾之後,添加三甲基矽基氯化物(TMSCl)。這從INT I原位產生了矽基酯(Si-INT I),將其充分活化以自發參與進一步轉化至隨後的矽烷化的中間體Si-INT-II和Si-INT-III,直至具有式I之化合物的矽烷化酯類似物(在流程6中,具有式I之化合物的矽烷化酯類似物由具有式I-1之化合物的矽烷化酯類似物表示)。後者在反應的水性處理期間自發裂解以最終提供化合物I-1,如流程6中所示:
流程6
在根據本發明之製造具有式 (I) 之化合物之方法中,適當的溶劑(或稀釋劑)係極性溶劑,如二甲基甲醯胺、二甲亞碸、N-甲基-吡咯啶、二甲基乙醯胺、環丁碸、N,N′-二甲基丙烯脲(DMPU);更較佳的是極性有機溶劑,其選自二甲基甲醯胺、二甲亞碸、N-甲基-吡咯啶。
在一個實施方式中,在根據本發明之製造具有式 (I) 之化合物之方法中,反應有利地在從大約0ºC至大約+100ºC、較佳的是從大約+20ºC至大約+80ºC的溫度範圍內進行。
如在流程5中示出和解釋的用於製備具有式I之化合物之方法的另一個較佳的實施方式進一步藉由參照流程7詳述,該流程示出了如分別由具有式I-1、IIIa、INT Ia、INT IIa和INT IIIa之化合物所表示的具有式I、III、INT 1、INT II和INT III之具體實施方式。
流程7
在一個實施方式中,INT I的陰離子係中間體,其經常在反應過程期間積累至合理的程度,使得如果反應在完成之前被中斷,則可以將INT I分離和純化,如在製備實施例中可以看出。特別地,如果獲得INT I陰離子的第一步驟在較低溫(室溫或甚至-10ºC至-20ºC)下運行,則可以實現良好產率的INT I,如果希望在此階段中斷反應。特例係INT Ia(其中R
1係甲酸),因為後者的陰離子將會完全積累,只要在反應混合物中沒有陽離子如鎂(II)、鋅(II) 或Al(III) 存在。此外,如果需要,在分離INT Ia中可以達到優異的產率(參見實施例18)。
在另一個實施方式中,在反應混合物中INT II和INT III的陰離子沒有積累至顯著水平。在一些情況下,藉由原位監測可以觀察它們或藉由反應樣品的LCMS可以觀察它們(它們的質子化形式),但它們的量太低而不能中斷反應、分離和表徵INT II或INT III的純樣品。為了得到那些中間體的正確分析和純樣品,可以進行具體合成以正確地表徵它們,例如藉由遵循流程8中所描述用於得到INT IIa和INT IIIa的步驟
流程8(以下製備部分的實施例21和22)
在具有式INT I之化合物的較佳的組中,R
1係-CO
2R
4、-CONH
2、甲酸酯或氰基;其中R
4係氫、-Si(CH
3)
3、甲基、乙基、異丙基、三級丁基或二級丁基;並且R
2係氫、鹵素或-SR
3;其中R
3係乙基或環丙基甲基;較佳的是,R
2係氫、氯或-SR
3;其中R
3係乙基。
在具有式INT II之化合物的較佳的組中,R
1係-CO
2R
4、-CONH
2、甲酸酯或氰基;其中R
4係氫、-Si(CH
3)
3、甲基、乙基、異丙基、三級丁基或二級丁基;並且R
2係氫、鹵素或-SR
3;其中R
3係乙基或環丙基甲基;較佳的是,R
2係氫、氯或-SR
3;其中R
3係乙基。
在具有式INT II之化合物的較佳的組中,R
1係-CO
2R
4、-CONH
2、甲酸酯或氰基;其中R
4係氫、-Si(CH
3)
3、甲基、乙基、異丙基、三級丁基或二級丁基;並且R
2係氫、鹵素或-SR
3;其中R
3係乙基或環丙基甲基;較佳的是,R
2係氫、氯或-SR
3;其中R
3係乙基。
如下所列,提供了根據本發明之某些較佳的實施方式。
實施方式1提供了一種用於藉由使具有式III之化合物與具有式IVa的化合物反應製備具有式I之化合物之方法,如以上在流程3中所定義。
實施方式2提供了一種用於藉由使具有式III之化合物與具有式IV的化合物反應製備具有式I之化合物之方法,如以上在流程4中所定義。
實施方式3提供了一種用於藉由使具有式III之化合物與具有式IV的化合物反應製備具有式I之化合物之方法,如以上在流程5中所定義。
實施方式4提供了一種用於藉由使具有式IIIa的化合物與具有式IVa的化合物反應製備具有式I之化合物之方法,如以上在流程6中所定義。
實施方式5提供了一種用於藉由使具有式IIIa的化合物與具有式IVa的化合物反應製備具有式I之化合物之方法,如以上在流程7中所定義。
實施方式6提供了具有式INT I之化合物,如以上所定義。
實施方式7提供了具有式INT II之化合物,如以上所定義。
實施方式8提供了具有式INT III之化合物,如以上所定義。
實施方式9提供了由具有式Ia之化合物表示的具有式I之化合物,如以上所定義。
關於實施方式1-8,R
1、R
2、R
3、R
4、R
5、R
6和Hal的較佳的值(在任何情況下)以其任何組合係如下所列:
較佳的是R
1係-CO
2R
4、-CO(NR
5R
6)或氰基;其中R
4係氫或C
1-C
6烷基;並且R
5和R
6彼此獨立地是氫或C
1-C
4烷基。
更較佳的是,R
1係-CO
2R
4、-CO(NR
5R
6)或氰基;其中R
4係氫或C
1-C
4烷基;並且R
5和R
6彼此獨立地是氫或甲基。
還較佳的是當R
1係-CO
2R
4、-CONH
2或氰基;其中R
4係氫、甲基、乙基、異丙基、三級丁基、Si(CH
3)
3或二級丁基時。
進一步較佳的是當R
1係-CO
2H、-CONH
2或氰基時。
最較佳的是,R
1係-CO
2H或其羧酸根陰離子(在鹽的情況下)。
較佳的是,農用化學上可接受的鹽係鹼金屬或鹼土金屬鹽。
更較佳的是,農用化學上可接受的鹽係鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鋰鹽或鎂鹽。
最較佳的是,農用化學上可接受的鹽係鈉、鎂或鋰。
還較佳的是當R
1係-CO
2H的羧酸根陰離子時,對應陽離子部分或全部由鎂組成。
較佳的是,R
2係氫、鹵素或-SR
3;其中R
3係C
1-C
4烷基或C
3-C
6環烷基-C
1-C
4烷基;較佳的是,其中R
3係乙基或環丙基甲基。
更較佳的是,R
2係氫、鹵素或-SR
3;其中R
3係乙基或環丙基甲基;較佳的是,R
2係氫、氯或-SR
3;其中R
3係乙基。
最較佳的是,R
2係-SR
3;其中R
3係乙基。
較佳的是,Hal係鹵素。
更較佳的是,Hal係氟、氯或溴。
還更較佳的是當Hal係氯或溴時。
最較佳的是,Hal係氯。
關於實施方式9,R
1a和R
2a係如上在式Ia下所定義的,並且R
1a和R
2a的較佳的值係如以下列出的。
較佳的是當R
2a係氫時,R
1a係CO
2Et、CO
2iPr、CO
2sBu、CO
2tBu、CO
2H、CONH
2或CO
2Si(CH
3)
3。
較佳的是當R
2a係氯時,R
1a係CN、CO
2iPr、CO
2sBu、CO
2tBu、CONH
2或CO
2Si(CH
3)
3。
較佳的是當R
2a係-SEt時,R
1a係CN、CO
2Et、CO
2iPr、CO
2sBu、CO
2tBu、CONH
2或CO
2Si(CH
3)
3。隨後在下表A、B、C、D和E中的實例旨在展示本發明並示出較佳的具有式I、III、INT I、INT II和INT III之化合物,該等化合物可根據上述方法使用和/或製備。在下表中,「Me」表示甲基;「Et」表示乙基;「iPr」表示異丙基;「sBu」表示二級丁基;「tBu」表示三級丁基。
下表A展示了具體的具有式III之化合物:
[表A] | |||
具有式III之化合物 | R 1 | R 2 | Hal |
1 | CN | H | F |
2 | CO 2Me | H | F |
3 | CO 2Et | H | F |
4 | CO 2iPr | H | F |
5 | CO 2sBu | H | F |
6 | CO 2tBu | H | F |
7 | CO 2H | H | F |
8 | CONH 2 | H | F |
9 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | H | F |
10 | CN | H | Cl |
11 | CO 2Me | H | Cl |
12 | CO 2Et | H | Cl |
13 | CO 2iPr | H | Cl |
14 | CO 2sBu | H | Cl |
15 | CO 2tBu | H | Cl |
16 | CO 2H | H | Cl |
17 | CONH 2 | H | Cl |
18 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | H | Cl |
19 | CN | H | Br |
20 | CO 2Me | H | Br |
21 | CO 2Et | H | Br |
22 | CO 2iPr | H | Br |
23 | CO 2sBu | H | Br |
24 | CO 2tBu | H | Br |
25 | CO 2H | H | Br |
26 | CONH 2 | H | Br |
27 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | H | Br |
28 | CN | SCH 2CH 3 | F |
29 | CO 2Me | SCH 2CH 3 | F |
30 | CO 2Et | SCH 2CH 3 | F |
31 | CO 2iPr | SCH 2CH 3 | F |
32 | CO 2sBu | SCH 2CH 3 | F |
33 | CO 2tBu | SCH 2CH 3 | F |
34 | CO 2H | SCH 2CH 3 | F |
35 | CONH 2 | SCH 2CH 3 | F |
36 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | SCH 2CH 3 | F |
37 | CN | SCH 2CH 3 | Cl |
38 | CO 2Me | SCH 2CH 3 | Cl |
39 | CO 2Et | SCH 2CH 3 | Cl |
40 | CO 2iPr | SCH 2CH 3 | Cl |
41 | CO 2sBu | SCH 2CH 3 | Cl |
42 | CO 2tBu | SCH 2CH 3 | Cl |
43 | CO 2H | SCH 2CH 3 | Cl |
44 | CONH 2 | SCH 2CH 3 | Cl |
45 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | SCH 2CH 3 | Cl |
46 | CN | SCH 2CH 3 | Br |
47 | CO 2Me | SCH 2CH 3 | Br |
48 | CO 2Et | SCH 2CH 3 | Br |
49 | CO 2iPr | SCH 2CH 3 | Br |
50 | CO 2sBu | SCH 2CH 3 | Br |
51 | CO 2tBu | SCH 2CH 3 | Br |
52 | CO 2H | SCH 2CH 3 | Br |
53 | CONH 2 | SCH 2CH 3 | Br |
54 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | SCH 2CH 3 | Br |
55 | CN | Cl | F |
56 | CO 2Me | Cl | F |
57 | CO 2Et | Cl | F |
58 | CO 2iPr | Cl | F |
59 | CO 2sBu | Cl | F |
60 | CO 2tBu | Cl | F |
62 | CO 2H | Cl | F |
62 | CONH 2 | Cl | F |
63 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | Cl | F |
64 | CN | Cl | Cl |
65 | CO 2Me | Cl | Cl |
66 | CO 2Et | Cl | Cl |
67 | CO 2iPr | Cl | Cl |
68 | CO 2sBu | Cl | Cl |
69 | CO 2tBu | Cl | Cl |
70 | CO 2H | Cl | Cl |
71 | CONH 2 | Cl | Cl |
72 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | Cl | Cl |
73 | CN | Cl | Br |
74 | CO 2Me | Cl | Br |
75 | CO 2Et | Cl | Br |
76 | CO 2iPr | Cl | Br |
77 | CO 2sBu | Cl | Br |
78 | CO 2tBu | Cl | Br |
79 | CO 2H | Cl | Br |
80 | CONH 2 | Cl | Br |
81 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | Cl | Br |
以及在表A中的具有式III之化合物的農用化學上可接受的鹽(並且在其中R
1係-CO
2H的化合物的情況下,包括鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鎂鹽或鋰鹽(即,其中R
1係羧酸根陰離子))。
下表B展示了具體的具有式INT I之化合物:
[表B] | ||
具有式INT I之化合物 | R 1 | R 2 |
1 | CN | H |
2 | CO 2Me | H |
3 | CO 2Et | H |
4 | CO 2iPr | H |
5 | CO 2sBu | H |
6 | CO 2tBu | H |
7 | CO 2H | H |
8 | CONH 2 | H |
9 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | H |
10 | CN | SCH 2CH 3 |
11 | CO 2Me | SCH 2CH 3 |
12 | CO 2Et | SCH 2CH 3 |
13 | CO 2iPr | SCH 2CH 3 |
14 | CO 2sBu | SCH 2CH 3 |
15 | CO 2tBu | SCH 2CH 3 |
16 | CO 2H | SCH 2CH 3 |
17 | CONH 2 | SCH 2CH 3 |
18 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | SCH 2CH 3 |
19 | CN | Cl |
20 | CO 2Me | Cl |
21 | CO 2Et | Cl |
22 | CO 2iPr | Cl |
23 | CO 2sBu | Cl |
24 | CO 2tBu | Cl |
25 | CO 2H | Cl |
26 | CONH 2 | Cl |
27 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | Cl |
以及在表B中的具有式INT I之化合物的農用化學上可接受的鹽(並且在其中R
1係-CO
2H的化合物的情況下,包括鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鎂鹽或鋰鹽(即,其中R
1係甲酸鹽陰離子))。
下表C展示了具體的具有式INT II之化合物:
[表C] | ||
具有式INT II之化合物 | R 1 | R 2 |
1 | CN | H |
2 | CO 2Me | H |
3 | CO 2Et | H |
4 | CO 2iPr | H |
5 | CO 2sBu | H |
6 | CO 2tBu | H |
7 | CO 2H | H |
8 | CONH 2 | H |
9 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | H |
10 | CN | SCH 2CH 3 |
11 | CO 2Me | SCH 2CH 3 |
12 | CO 2Et | SCH 2CH 3 |
13 | CO 2iPr | SCH 2CH 3 |
14 | CO 2sBu | SCH 2CH 3 |
15 | CO 2tBu | SCH 2CH 3 |
16 | CO 2H | SCH 2CH 3 |
17 | CONH 2 | SCH 2CH 3 |
18 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | SCH 2CH 3 |
19 | CN | Cl |
20 | CO 2Me | Cl |
21 | CO 2Et | Cl |
22 | CO 2iPr | Cl |
23 | CO 2sBu | Cl |
24 | CO 2tBu | Cl |
25 | CO 2H | Cl |
26 | CONH 2 | Cl |
27 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | Cl |
以及在表C中的具有式INT II之化合物的農用化學上可接受的鹽(並且在其中R
1係-CO
2H的化合物的情況下,包括鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鎂鹽或鋰鹽(即,其中R
1係甲酸鹽陰離子))。
下表D展示了具體的具有式INT III之化合物:
[表D] | ||
具有式INT III之化合物 | R 1 | R 2 |
1 | CN | H |
2 | CO 2Me | H |
3 | CO 2Et | H |
4 | CO 2iPr | H |
5 | CO 2sBu | H |
6 | CO 2tBu | H |
7 | CO 2H | H |
8 | CONH 2 | H |
9 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | H |
10 | CN | SCH 2CH 3 |
11 | CO 2Me | SCH 2CH 3 |
12 | CO 2Et | SCH 2CH 3 |
13 | CO 2iPr | SCH 2CH 3 |
14 | CO 2sBu | SCH 2CH 3 |
15 | CO 2tBu | SCH 2CH 3 |
16 | CO 2H | SCH 2CH 3 |
17 | CONH 2 | SCH 2CH 3 |
18 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | SCH 2CH 3 |
19 | CN | Cl |
20 | CO 2Me | Cl |
21 | CO 2Et | Cl |
22 | CO 2iPr | Cl |
23 | CO 2sBu | Cl |
24 | CO 2tBu | Cl |
25 | CO 2H | Cl |
26 | CONH 2 | Cl |
27 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | Cl |
以及在表D中的具有式INT III之化合物的農用化學上可接受的鹽(並且在其中R
1係-CO
2H的化合物的情況下,包括鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鎂鹽或鋰鹽(即,其中R
1係甲酸鹽陰離子))。
下表E展示了具體的具有式I之化合物:
[表E] | ||
具有式I之化合物 | R 1 | R 2 |
1 | CN | H |
2 | CO 2Me | H |
3 | CO 2Et | H |
4 | CO 2iPr | H |
5 | CO 2sBu | H |
6 | CO 2tBu | H |
7 | CO 2H | H |
8 | CONH 2 | H |
9 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | H |
10 | CN | SCH 2CH 3 |
11 | CO 2Me | SCH 2CH 3 |
12 | CO 2Et | SCH 2CH 3 |
13 | CO 2iPr | SCH 2CH 3 |
14 | CO 2sBu | SCH 2CH 3 |
15 | CO 2tBu | SCH 2CH 3 |
16 | CO 2H | SCH 2CH 3 |
17 | CONH 2 | SCH 2CH 3 |
19 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | SCH 2CH 3 |
19 | CN | Cl |
20 | CO 2Me | Cl |
21 | CO 2Et | Cl |
22 | CO 2iPr | Cl |
23 | CO 2sBu | Cl |
24 | CO 2tBu | Cl |
25 | CO 2H | Cl |
26 | CONH 2 | Cl |
27 | CO 2Si(CH 3) 3 | Cl |
以及在表E中的具有式I之化合物的農用化學上可接受的鹽(並且在其中R
1係-CO
2H的化合物的情況下,包括鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鎂鹽或鋰鹽(即,其中R
1係甲酸鹽陰離子))。
製備實施例:
使用1,3,5-三甲氧基苯作為內標,用定量
1H NMR確定起始材料、粗品和產物的純度。
向5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.1 g,0.79 mmol)在DMF(3.2 mL)中的溶液中添加5-氯吡啶-2-甲腈(0.11 g,0.79 mmol)和三級丁醇鈉(0.152 g,1.585 mmol)。將反應混合物在環境溫度下攪拌3小時,然後在65ºC下再攪拌1小時,之後使其冷卻至室溫。將反應混合物倒入飽和氯化銨水溶液(10 mL)中,用1 M HCl(10 mL)酸化並用二氯甲烷(4x30 mL)萃取四次。將合併的有機層經固體無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發。QNMR指示78%的化學產率。粗品藉由管柱層析法純化,以74%分離產率獲得標題化合物(99.3 mg)。
1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl
3):δ (ppm) = 8.61 (dd,
J= 2.6, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 7.80 - 7.74 (m, 1H), 7.73 - 7.65 (m, 1H), 1.99 - 1.91 (m, 2H), 1.60 - 1.53 (m, 2H)
在室溫下向5-溴-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲腈(0.2 g,0.823 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.135 g,92.4% w/w純度,0.987 mmol)在DMF(1.64 mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加雙(三甲基矽基)胺基鈉的溶液(THF中1 M,1.6 mL,1.6 mmol)。將反應混合物攪拌1 h,之後用飽和氯化銨水溶液(5 mL)淬滅,並用乙酸乙酯(3x20 mL)萃取三次。將合併的有機層用鹽水(20 mL)洗滌,經固體無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生褐色油狀物(219.3 mg)。QNMR指示39.4% w/w的濃度,從而得出46%的化學產率。
1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ ppm 1.26 - 1.32 (m, 3 H) 1.77 - 1.83 (m, 2 H) 1.88 - 1.95 (m, 2 H) 3.15 - 3.26 (m, 2 H) 7.75 - 7.77 (d,
J=2.20 Hz , 1 H) 8.50 (d,
J=2.20 Hz, 1 H)LC-MS:ret.:0.90 min, m/z +H
+:230
在室溫下向3,5-二氯吡啶-2-甲腈(0.3 g,1.734 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.255 g,94.3% w/w純度,1.907 mmol)在DMF(2.6 mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加雙(三甲基矽基)胺基鈉的溶液(THF中1 M,3.8 mL,3.8 mmol)。將反應混合物攪拌2 h,之後用飽和氯化銨水溶液(5 mL)淬滅,並用乙酸乙酯(3x30 mL)萃取三次。將合併的有機層用鹽水(15 mL)洗滌,經固體硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生褐色油狀物(436.8 mg)。QNMR指示18.4% w/w的濃度,得出23%的化學產率。
1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ ppm 1.80 - 1.84 (m, 2 H) 1.93 - 1.98 (m, 2 H) 8.13 (d,
J=1.83 Hz, 1 H) 8.72 (d,
J=1.83 Hz, 1 H)LC-MS:ret.:0.81 min, m/z +H
+: 204/206
在室溫下向5-溴-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸甲酯(0.3 g,1.086 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.144 g,1.141 mmol)在DMF(4.34 mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加雙(三甲基矽基)胺基鈉的溶液(THF中1 M,2.17 mL,2.17 mmol)。將反應混合物攪拌4h20,之後用飽和氯化銨水溶液(10 mL)淬滅,並用甲基三級丁基醚(3x20 mL)萃取三次。將合併的有機層用水(2x10 mL)、然後用鹽水(10 mL)洗滌兩次,經固體硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生黃色油狀物(287 mg)。QNMR指示61% w/w的濃度,得出61%的化學產率。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 1.43 (t,
J=7.34 Hz, 3 H) 1.55 - 1.60 (m, 2 H) 1.86 - 1.93 (m, 2 H) 3.00 (q,
J=7.34 Hz, 2 H) 4.00 - 4.02 (m, 3 H) 7.72 (d,
J=2.20 Hz, 1 H) 8.16 (d,
J=2.20 Hz, 1 H)LC-MS:ret.:0.85 min, m/z +H
+:263
在室溫下向5-氯吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(0.098 g,0.527 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.066 g,0.527 mmol)在DMF(2.11 mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加雙(三甲基矽基)胺基鈉的溶液(THF中1 M,1.05 mL,1.05 mmol)。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌過夜,然後在65ºC下攪拌4 h,之後使其冷卻至室溫。然後將其用飽和氯化銨水溶液(10 mL)淬滅,用1 N HCl水溶液(10 mL)酸化並用二氯甲烷(5x30 mL)萃取五次。將合併的有機層經固體硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生油狀物。QNMR指示35%的化學產率。將粗品藉由管柱層析法純化,以34%分離產率獲得呈白色固體的標題化合物(38 mg)。
1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl
3):δ (ppm) = 8.62 (d,
J= 1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d,
J= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (dd,
J= 8.1, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (q,
J= 7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.97 - 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.62 - 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.43 (t,
J= 7.2 Hz, 3H)
在室溫下向5-氯-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(0.1 g,0.372 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.049 g,0.391 mmol)在DMF(1.5 mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加雙(三甲基矽基)胺基鈉的溶液(THF中1 M,0.74 mL,0.74 mmol)。將反應混合物攪拌3h30,之後用飽和氯化銨水溶液(5 mL)淬滅,並用甲基三級丁基醚(3x10 mL)萃取三次。將合併的有機層用水(2x10 mL)、然後用鹽水(2x10 mL)洗滌兩次,經固體硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生黃色油狀物(113 mg)。QNMR指示66% w/w的濃度,得出66%的化學產率。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 1.40 - 1.47 (m, 6 H) 1.54 - 1.58 (m, 2 H) 1.88 - 1.93 (m, 2 H) 3.00 (q,
J=7.34 Hz, 2 H) 4.48 (q,
J=7.34 Hz, 2 H) 7.72 (d,
J=2.20 Hz, 1 H) 8.18 (d,
J=2.20 Hz, 1 H)
在室溫下向3,5-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(0.25 g,94.7% w/w純度,1.08 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.143 g,1.13 mmol)在DMF(4.3 mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加雙(三甲基矽基)胺基鈉的溶液(THF中1 M,2.15 mL,2.15 mmol)。將反應混合物攪拌過夜,之後用飽和氯化銨水溶液(10 mL)淬滅,並用甲基三級丁基醚(3x20 mL)萃取三次。將合併的有機層用鹽水(2x20 mL)洗滌兩次,經固體硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生褐色油狀物(301 mg)。QNMR指示47% w/w的濃度,得出52%的化學產率。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 1.44 (t,
J=7.15 Hz, 3 H) 1.53 - 1.57 (m, 2 H) 1.89 - 1.95 (m, 2 H) 4.48 (q,
J=7.34 Hz, 2 H) 7.74 (d,
J=2.20 Hz, 1 H) 8.47 (d,
J=1.83 Hz, 1 H)。LC-MS:ret.:0.87 min, m/z +H
+:251/253
在室溫下向3,5-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸異丙酯(0.1 g,98% w/w純度,0.419 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.057 g,98% w/w純度,0.44 mmol)在DMF(1.7 mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加雙(三甲基矽基)胺基鋰的溶液(THF中1 M,0.84 mL,0.84 mmol)。將反應混合物在此溫度下攪拌2h45,然後在50ºC下攪拌30 min,之後使其冷卻至室溫。然後將其用飽和氯化銨水溶液(5 mL)淬滅並用乙酸乙酯(3x15 mL)萃取三次。將合併的有機層用鹽水(2x20 mL)洗滌兩次,經固體硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生深色油狀物(440 mg)。QNMR指示12% w/w的濃度,得出49%的化學產率。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 1.39 (d,
J=6.24 Hz, 6 H) 1.50 - 1.53 (m, 2 H) 1.85 - 1.89 (m, 2 H) 5.31 (hept,
J=6.24 Hz, 1 H) 7.69 (d,
J=2.20 Hz, 1 H) 8.43 (d,
J=1.83 Hz, 1 H)。
在室溫下向5-氯吡啶-2-甲酸三級丁酯(0.169 g,0.792 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.1 g,0.792 mmol)在DMF(3.1 mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加雙(三甲基矽基)胺基鈉的溶液(THF中1 M,1.58 mL,1.58 mmol)。將反應混合物在此溫度下攪拌6 h。然後將其用飽和氯化銨水溶液(10 mL)淬滅,用1 N HCl水溶液(10 mL)酸化並用二氯甲烷(4x30 mL)萃取四次。將合併的有機層經固體硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生棕色固體。QNMR指示70%的化學產率。將粗品藉由管柱層析法純化,以66%分離產率獲得呈淺色固體的標題化合物(128 mg)。
1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl
3):δ (ppm) = 8.60 (d,
J= 2.6 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d,
J= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (dd,
J= 8.3, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 1.90 - 1.85 (m, 2H), 1.62 (s, 9H), 1.55 - 1.49 (m, 2H)。
在0ºC下向3,5-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸三級丁酯(0.3 g,82% w/w純度,0.993 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.134 g,94.3% w/w純度,1 mmol)在DMF(4 mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加三級丁醇鉀的溶液(THF中1.6 M,1.4 mL,2.18 mmol)。將反應混合物在此溫度下攪拌1 h,然後在室溫下攪拌2h30min,然後在40ºC下攪拌30 min,之後使其冷卻至室溫。然後將其用飽和氯化銨水溶液(5 mL)淬滅並用乙酸乙酯(3x20 mL)萃取三次。將合併的有機層用鹽水(10 mL)洗滌,經固體硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生深色油狀物(0.417 g)。QNMR指示20% w/w的濃度,得出30%的化學產率。
1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ ppm 1.56 (s, 9 H) 1.70 - 1.80 (m, 1 H) 1.83 - 1.90 (m, 1 H) 7.97 (d,
J=1.83 Hz, 1 H) 8.59 (d,
J=1.83 Hz, 1 H)。
在1 h時間段內向加熱至65ºC的tBuONa(6.42 g,64.8 mmol)在NMP(17.3 mL)中的懸浮液中添加5-氯-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸(5 g,94.1% w/w純度,21.6 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(3.43 g,95.4% w/w純度,25.9 mmol)在NMP(21.6 mL)中的溶液。在添加結束之後,將混合物攪拌20分鐘,之後再添加額外部分的NaOtBu(1.61 g,16.2 mmol)。在1小時之後,仍然在65ºC下,將短路徑的蒸餾裝置裝配至圓底燒瓶,(使用維格羅(Vigreux)),將壓力降低至20毫巴並且將混合物在65ºC下再攪拌1 h(同時進行tBuOH的蒸餾)。在使其回到大氣壓之後,將MgCl
2(3.23 g,54 mmol)在NMP(17.3 mL)中的溶液在5分鐘內添加至熱的反應混合物中。在1 h之後,使混合物冷卻至室溫;添加50 mL的1 N NaOH水溶液和50 mL的水。將混合物轉移至分液漏斗中並且用TBME(100 mL)洗滌。分離各相,並且然後將水層用1 N HCl酸化至pH1.5,並且用EtOAc(3x300 mL)萃取三次。將合併的有機層(來自EtOAc萃取)經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發。添加6 mL的d6-DMSO以將濃縮物均化至澄清的深棕色液體(24.57 g)。純度藉由1H-QNMR測量兩次;得到19.7%的濃度(因此90%的化學產率)。然後在攪拌下將溶液滴入冰冷的水中;出現米色沈澱物並收集(4.758 g)。測得純度為84% w/w;因此分離產率為82%。
可替代地,可以從5-(3,3-二氰基丙基氫硫基)-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸獲得相同的產物:
向5-(3,3-二氰基丙基氫硫基)-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸(5.2 mmol)在10 mL NMP中的溶液中添加50% NaOH水溶液(0.728 mL,13.8 mmol)。將兩相劇烈混合30 min,然後將燒瓶轉移至旋轉蒸發儀,在真空下50ºC下加熱以除去水。在此操作後,添加額外的NMP(5.2 mL)並且將混合物在65ºC下加熱。然後一次性添加MgCl
2(1 g,10.41 mmol)並且將反應在65ºC下攪拌3 h。然後添加額外部分的MgCl
2(0.25 g,2.6 mmol)並且將混合物在65ºC下攪拌30 min,之後使其冷卻至室溫。將混合物用1 M NaOH稀釋,然後用2 N HCl酸化直至pH 6-7,之後添加乙酸乙酯。藉由添加2 N HCl,將水溶液的pH進一步降低至1.5,分離各相並且將水相用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將合併的有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥、過濾並在減壓下蒸發。獲得深色油狀物(4.37 g)。純度藉由1H-QNMR測量;得到26%的濃度(因此88%的化學產率)。然後在攪拌下將溶液滴入75 mL冰冷的水中;出現米色沈澱物並收集(1.173 g)。測得純度為79% w/w;因此分離產率為71%。
1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ ppm 1.25 (t,
J=7.34 Hz, 3 H) 1.68 - 1.76 (m, 2 H) 1.81 - 1.89 (m, 2 H) 3.02 (q,
J=7.34 Hz, 2 H) 7.62 (d,
J=1.83 Hz, 1 H) 8.36 (d,
J=2.20 Hz, 1 H)
LC-MS:m/z +H
+:249
在室溫下向5-溴-3-氯-吡啶-2-甲酸(0.3 g,1.269 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.178 g,94.3% w/w純度,1.332 mmol)在DMF(2.5 mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加三級丁醇鉀的溶液(THF中1.7 M,3 mL,5.08 mmol)。將反應混合物在此溫度下攪拌3 h,然後添加固體二氯化鎂(0.169 g,1.776 mmol)。將反應混合物在50ºC下攪拌1h20min,之後使其冷卻至室溫。然後將其用2 N HCl水溶液淬滅至pH 1並用乙酸乙酯(3x20 mL)萃取三次。將合併的有機層經固體硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生深色油狀物(0.435 g)。QNMR指示38.4% w/w的濃度,從而得出59%的化學產率。
1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ ppm 1.71 - 1.76 (m, 2 H) 1.83 - 1.88 (m, 2 H) 7.93 (d,
J=2.20 Hz, 1 H) 8.58 (d,
J=1.83 Hz, 1 H)LC-MS:m/z +H
+:223/225
向65ºC下的5-氯-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲醯胺(0.2 g,98%純度 w/w,0.905 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.156 g,95% w/w純度,1.18 mmol)在DMF(3.6 mL)中的溶液中添加65ºC下的三級丁醇鈉(0.179 g,1.81 mmol)在3.6 mL DMF中的溶液。將反應混合物在此溫度下攪拌過夜。在標準處理程序之後可以對該化合物進行表徵。
1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ ppm 1.26 (t,
J=7.34 Hz, 3 H) 1.70 - 1.74 (m, 2 H) 1.84 - 1.87 (m, 2 H) 2.95 (q,
J=7.34 Hz, 2 H) 7.57 (d,
J=1.83 Hz, 1 H) 7.57 (bs, 1H) 7.99 (bs, 1 H) 8.28 (d,
J=2.20 Hz, 1 H)
向在-20ºC下冷卻的5-溴-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲腈(0.2 g,0.823 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.135 g,92.4% w/w純度,0.987 mmol)在DMF(3.2 mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加三級丁醇鉀的溶液(THF中1.6 M,1.1 mL,1.727 mmol)。將反應混合物在此溫度下攪拌1 h,然後用飽和氯化銨水溶液(5 mL)淬滅,並用乙酸乙酯(3x20 mL)萃取三次。將合併的有機層用鹽水(2x10 mL)洗滌兩次,經固體硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生深色油狀物(0.288 g)。QNMR指示47% w/w的濃度,得出57%的化學產率。
1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ ppm 1.28 (t,
J=7.34 Hz, 3 H) 2.36 - 2.42 (m, 2 H) 3.22 (q,
J=7.34 Hz, 2 H) 3.30 - 3.37 (m, 2 H) 4.91 (t,
J=6.79 Hz, 1 H), 7.86 (d,
J=1.83 Hz, 1 H) 8.45 (d,
J=1.83 Hz, 1 H)LC-MS:m/z +H
+:289
向在0ºC下冷卻的5-溴-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸甲酯(0.3 g,1.086 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.141 g,1.12 mmol)在DMF(2.2 mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加雙(三甲基矽基)胺基鈉的溶液(THF中1 M,2.4 mL,2.4 mmol)。將反應混合物在此溫度下攪拌45 min,然後用飽和氯化銨水溶液(5 mL)淬滅,並用乙酸乙酯(3x20 mL)萃取三次。將合併的有機層用鹽水(2x10 mL)洗滌兩次,經固體硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生深色油狀物(0.346 g)。QNMR指示75% w/w的濃度,得出74%的化學產率。
1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ ppm 1.25 (t,
J=7.34 Hz, 3 H) 2.35 - 2.41 (m, 2 H) 3.05 (q,
J=7.34 Hz, 2 H) 3.29 - 3.34 (m, 2 H) 3.85 (s, 3 H) 4.93 (t,
J=6.97 Hz, 1 H) 7.73 (d,
J=2.20 Hz, 1 H) 8.35 (d,
J=1.83 Hz, 1 H)LC-MS:m/z +H
+:322
向在-20ºC下冷卻的5-氯-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(0.2 g,0.814 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.112 g,96.3% w/w純度,0.855 mmol)在DMF(3.2 mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加雙(三甲基矽基)胺基鈉的溶液(THF中1 M,1.8 mL,1.8 mmol)。將反應混合物在此溫度下攪拌1 h,然後用飽和氯化銨水溶液(5 mL)淬滅,並用乙酸乙酯(3x20 mL)萃取三次。將合併的有機層用鹽水(2x10 mL)洗滌兩次,經固體硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生深色油狀物(0.316 g)。QNMR指示47% w/w的濃度,得出54%的化學產率。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 1.40 (t,
J=7.34 Hz, 3 H) 1.43 - 1.47 (t, 3 H) 2.37 (q,
J=7.09 Hz, 2 H) 2.92 - 2.95 (m, 2 H) 3.25 - 3.30 (m, 2 H) 4.14 - 4.18 (t, 1 H) 4.45 - 4.50 (m, 2 H) 7.59 (d,
J=2.20 Hz, 1 H) 8.35 (d,
J=2.20 Hz, 1 H)LC-MS:m/z +H
+:336
向在-20ºC下冷卻的3,5-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(0.2 g,0.861 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.118 g,96.3% w/w純度,0.904 mmol)在DMF(3.4 mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加雙(三甲基矽基)胺基鈉的溶液(THF中1 M,1.9 mL,1.9 mmol)。將反應混合物在此溫度下攪拌1 h,然後用飽和氯化銨水溶液(5 mL)淬滅,並用TBME(3x20 mL)萃取三次。將合併的有機層用鹽水(2x10 mL)洗滌兩次,經固體硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生深色油狀物(0.296 g)。QNMR指示37% w/w的濃度,得出41%的化學產率。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 1.44 (t,
J=7.15 Hz, 3 H) 2.36 - 2.42 (m, 2 H) 3.28 (t,
J=7.15 Hz, 2 H) 4.17 (t,
J=7.15 Hz, 1 H) 4.45 - 4.51 (q, 2 H) 7.76 (d,
J=2.20 Hz, 1 H) 8.49 (d,
J=1.83 Hz, 1 H)LC-MS:ret.:0.93 min, m/z +H
+:310/312
在室溫下向5-氯-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸(1.5 g,92% w/w純度,6.65 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(1.1 g,94.3% w/w純度,8.25 mmol)在DMF(25 mL)中的溶液中在30 min時間段內添加雙(三甲基矽基)胺基鋰的溶液(THF中1 M,19 mL,19 mmol)。將反應混合物在此溫度下攪拌1 h。然後將其用1 N HCl水溶液(22 ml)淬滅並用乙酸乙酯(3x100 mL)萃取三次。將合併的有機層用鹽水(2x50 mL)洗滌兩次,經固體硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生隨時間固化的油狀物(2.582 g)。QNMR指示70% w/w的濃度,得出92%的化學產率。
可替代地,可以使用以下方案獲得標題產物:
將固體三級丁醇鈉(19.3 g,97% w/w,195 mmol)懸浮在NMP(65 mL)中,然後在67ºC下攪拌混合物直到形成渾濁的溶液。在1 h時間段內向此溶液中逐滴添加5-氯-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸(15 g,94.1% w/w純度,64.8 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(10.3 g,95.4% w/w純度,77.8 mmol)在NMP(65 mL)中的混合物。在添加之後,添加固體三級丁醇鈉(3.21 g,97% w/w,32.4 mmol)並且將混合物攪拌1.5 h,之後使其冷卻至室溫。添加150 mL的1 M NaOH水溶液並且將混合物攪拌10分鐘,之後將其用100 mL的TBME(三級丁基甲基醚)稀釋。分離各相並且用4 N HCl水溶液酸化含有所希望的產物的水相,直到達到1.5至1的pH。用EtOAc(3x150 mL)將水相萃取三次。將合併的有機層(來自EtOAc)經固體無水硫酸鈉乾燥並在減壓下濃縮,以得到所希望的產物5-(3,3-二氰基丙基氫硫基)-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸在殘留NMP中的粗溶液(57.57 g)。定量使得測得在NMP中的32% w/w純度,得出92.4%的化學產率。
1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ ppm 1.25 (t, J=7.34 Hz, 3 H) 2.36 (q, J=7.09 Hz, 2 H) 3.02 (q, J=7.34 Hz, 2 H) 3.30 (dd, J=8.44, 6.60 Hz, 2 H) 4.92 (t, J=6.97 Hz, 1 H) 7.70 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1 H) 8.33 (d, J=2.20 Hz, 1 H) 13.12 (br s, 1 H)LC-MS:m/z +H+:308
向在-20ºC下冷卻的5-溴-3-氯-吡啶-2-甲酸(0.3 g,1.27mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.165 g,1.307 mmol)在DMF(2.5 mL)中的溶液中逐滴添加雙(三甲基矽基)胺基鈉的溶液(THF中1 M,1.9 mL,1.9 mmol)。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌3 h,然後用飽和氯化銨水溶液(5 mL)淬滅,藉由添加2 N HCl水溶液將pH調節至1,並用乙酸乙酯(3x20 mL)將其萃取三次。將合併的有機層用鹽水(2x10 mL)洗滌兩次,經固體硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生深色油狀物(0.456 g)。QNMR指示35% w/w的濃度,得出44%的化學產率。
1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ ppm 2.32 - 2.41 (m, 2 H) 3.29 (dd,
J=8.25, 6.79 Hz, 2 H) 4.91 (t,
J=6.97 Hz, 1 H) 8.10 (d,
J=1.83 Hz, 1 H) 8.53 (d,
J=1.83 Hz, 1 H) 13.44 - 13.99 (m, 1 H) 13.69 (s, 1 H)LC-MS:m/z +H
+:282/284
向5-氯-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲醯胺(0.2 g,98%純度w/w,0.905 mmol)和5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.156 g,95%純度 w/w,1.18 mmol)在DMF(3.6 mL)中的溶液中添加三級丁醇鈉(0.358 g,3.62 mmol)。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌2 h,然後藉由倒入冰/水中淬滅,並用乙酸乙酯將其萃取三次。將合併的有機層經固體硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生淺黃色固體(0.319 g)。將乙酸乙酯添加到固體中,然後研磨此固體並且藉由過濾除去乙酸乙酯。收集白色固體(94 mg),得出34%的化學產率。
1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ ppm 1.26 (t,
J=7.34 Hz, 3 H) 2.36 (q,
J=6.97 Hz, 2 H) 2.95 (q,
J=7.34 Hz, 2 H) 3.28 (m, 2 H) 4.93 (t,
J=6.97 Hz, 1 H) 7.51 (bs, 1H) 7.66 (d,
J=1.47 Hz, 1 H) 7.95 (bs, 1H) 8.28 (d,
J=1.47 Hz, 1 H)
向5-(1-氰基環丙基)-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸(1 g,4.027 mmol)、乙酸(0.048 g,0.805 mmol)、四丁基溴化銨(0.26 g,0.805 mmol)在DMF(8 mL)中的溶液中添加硫氰酸鉀(1.96 g,20.14 mmol)。將混合物在85ºC下攪拌過夜,然後在105ºC下攪拌3 h,之後使其冷卻至室溫。然後將反應混合物倒入含有0.1%乙酸的乙腈 :水混合物中。蒸發溶劑,產生褐色蠟狀物(6.782 g)。向1 g的此蠟狀物中添加乙腈水溶液和乙酸乙酯,傾析出上層並且用乙酸乙酯洗滌三次。然後在減壓下乾燥油狀物。
1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ ppm 1.19 (t,
J=7.34 Hz, 3 H) 2.89 (m, 3H) 3.01 (dt, J=11, 5.14 Hz, 1H) 3.17 (m, 1H) 3.40 (dt, J=11.37, 5.87 Hz, 1H) 7.69 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H) 8.38 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H) 11.31 (s, 1H)
向5-(1-氰基環丙基)-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸(1.5 g,73.1 % w/w純度,4.4 mmol)溶解在二㗁𠮿(6.6 mL)、乙酸(6.6 mL)中的溶液中添加鹽酸(二㗁𠮿中1 M,4.4 mL,4.4 mmol)。將反應在75ºC下攪拌過夜,之後使其冷卻至室溫。添加10 mL的2 N HCl水溶液,添加20 mL的EtOAc,並且分離各相。將水相用20 mL的EtOAc萃取兩次、合併、經固體硫酸鈉乾燥、過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生棕色油狀物(1.5525 g)。
然後藉由管柱層析法純化獲得的粗品5-(3-氯-1-氰基-丙基)-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸(測得純度63.3%;化學產率78%);然後純度提高至86.7% w/w。然後將0.65 g的此產物5-(3-氯-1-氰基-丙基)-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸(86.7% w/w純,1.98 mmol)溶解在DMF(5.94 mL)中;添加硫氰酸鉀(0.5 g,5.14 mmol)並將反應混合物在70ºC下加熱過夜。添加額外的硫氰酸鉀(0.25 g,2.57 mmol)並且將反應混合物在70ºC下攪拌4 h,之後使其其冷卻至室溫。將混合物用2 N HCl水溶液酸化至pH 1,並且用EtOAc(3x30 mL)萃取三次。將合併的有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥、過濾並在減壓下蒸發,產生棕色油狀物(1.2157 g)。QNMR指示74.2% w/w的純度,然後獲得具有74%化學產率的所希望的標題化合物。
1H NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO) δ ppm 1.25 - 1.30 (m, 3 H) 2.33 - 2.44 (m, 1 H) 2.52 - 2.58 (m, 1 H) 3.03 (q,
J=7.34 Hz, 2 H) 3.14 - 3.20 (m, 2 H) 4.60 (dd,
J=8.07, 6.60 Hz, 1 H) 7.93 (d,
J=1.83 Hz, 1 H) 8.46 (d,
J=1.83 Hz, 1 H)LC-MS:m/z +H
+:308
向5-氯-N-甲基-吡啶-2-甲醯胺(0.1 g,0.584 mmol)、5-胺基-2,3-二氫噻吩-4-甲腈(0.78 g,94%w/w純度,0.584 mmol)在DMF(4.67 mL)中的溶液中添加2 M三級丁醇鈉的THF溶液(0.64 mL,1.28 mmol)。將反應混合物在70ºC下加熱過夜,然後冷卻至室溫。將10 mL的飽和NH4Cl水溶液添加到混合物中,然後將其用10 mL的1N HCl水溶液酸化。將混合物用EtOAc(3x20 mL)萃取三次,將合併的有機層用10 mL飽和NaHCO3水溶液洗滌,然後用10 mL的鹽水洗滌兩次。然後將合併的有機層經無水硫酸鎂乾燥並在減壓下濃縮,得到0.1 g的橙色油狀物。然後藉由管柱層析法純化粗品,得到30.1 mg的呈白色固體形式的5-(1-氰基環丙基)-N-甲基-吡啶-2-甲醯胺(25%的分離產率)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3) δ ppm 1.45 - 1.57 (m, 2 H) 1.84 - 1.92 (m, 2 H) 3.06 (d, J=5.09 Hz, 3 H) 7.70 (dd, J=8.17, 2.36 Hz, 1 H) 7.96 (br s, 1 H) 8.20 (d, J=7.99 Hz, 1 H) 8.57 (d, J=2.18 Hz, 1 H)
無
無。
無
Claims (20)
- 一種用於製備具有式I之化合物或具有式I之化合物的農用化學上可接受的鹽之方法, 其中R 1係-CO 2R 4、-CO(NR 5R 6)、甲酸酯或氰基;R 2係氫、鹵素或-SR 3;R 3係C 1-C 4烷基或C 3-C 6環烷基-C 1-C 4烷基;R 4係氫、-Si(CH 3) 3或C 1-C 6烷基;並且R 5和R 6彼此獨立地是氫或C 1-C 4烷基;該方法包括: 使具有式 (III) 之化合物 其中R 1和R 2係如上在式I下所定義的並且Hal係鹵素 與具有式 (IV) 之化合物, 在合適的鹼的存在下,在適當的溶劑(或稀釋劑)中反應; 以產生具有式 (I) 之化合物或其農用化學上可接受的鹽。
- 如請求項1所述之方法,其中R 1係-CO 2R 4、-CONH 2、甲酸酯或氰基;並且R 4係氫、-Si(CH 3) 3、甲基、乙基、異丙基、三級丁基或二級丁基。
- 如請求項2所述之方法,其中R 1係-CO 2H或甲酸酯。
- 如前述請求項中任一項所述之方法,其中R 2係氫、氯或-SR 3;其中R 3係乙基。
- 如請求項4所述之方法,其中R 2係-S-乙基。
- 如前述請求項中任一項所述之方法,其中Hal係氯或溴。
- 如前述請求項中任一項所述之方法,其中該合適的鹼選自氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、三級丁醇鈉、和三級丁醇鉀。
- 如前述請求項中任一項所述之方法,其中該溶劑(或稀釋劑)選自二甲基甲醯胺、二甲亞碸、N-甲基-吡咯啶、二甲基乙醯胺、環丁碸和N,N′-二甲基丙烯脲(DMPU)。
- 如前述請求項中任一項所述之方法,該方法在從大約0ºC至大約+100ºC、較佳的是從大約+20ºC至大約+80ºC的溫度範圍內進行。
- 如請求項1-6、8或9中任一項所述之方法,其中當R 1係羧酸根陰離子時,該合適的鹼選自二(三級丁醇)鎂和二(六甲基二矽疊氮)鎂。
- 如請求項11所述之方法,其中該等鎂 (II)、鋅 (II)或Al (III)鹽選自MgCl 2、ZnCl 2、Al(OtBu) 3和AlCl 3。
- 如請求項14、15或16中任一項所述之化合物,其中R 1係-CO 2R 4、-CONH 2或氰基;其中R 4係氫、-Si(CH 3) 3、甲基、乙基、異丙基、三級丁基或二級丁基;並且R 2係氫、氯或-SR 3;其中R 3係乙基。
- 如請求項14所述之具有式INT I之化合物,該化合物選自由以下組成之群組:2-[2-[(6-氰基-5-乙基氫硫基-3-吡啶基)氫硫基]乙基]丙二腈(實施例14);5-(3,3-二氰基丙基氫硫基)-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸甲酯(實施例15);5-(3,3-二氰基丙基氫硫基)-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(實施例16);3-氯-5-(3,3-二氰基丙基氫硫基)吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(實施例17);5-(3,3-二氰基丙基氫硫基)-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸(實施例18);3-氯-5-(3,3-二氰基丙基氫硫基)吡啶-2-甲酸(實施例19);以及5-(3,3-二氰基丙基氫硫基)-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲醯胺(實施例20);如請求項15所述之具有式INT II之化合物,該化合物選自5-(3-氰基-2-亞胺基-四氫噻吩-3-基)-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸(實施例21);或如請求項16所述之具有式INT III之化合物,該化合物選自5-(1-氰基-3-氰硫基-丙基)-3-乙基氫硫基-吡啶-2-甲酸(實施例22)。
- 一種具有式Ia之化合物, 其中R 1a係-CO 2R 4a、-CO(NR 5aR 6a)、甲酸酯或氰基;R 2a係氫、鹵素或-SR 3a;R 3a係C 1-C 4烷基或C 3-C 6環烷基-C 1-C 4烷基;R 4a係氫、-Si(CH 3) 3或C 1-C 6烷基;並且R 5a和R 6a彼此獨立地是氫或C 1-C 4烷基,或具有式Ia之化合物的農用化學上可接受的鹽; 其前提係該具有式Ia之化合物不是:選自由具有式Ib、Ic和Id的化合物組成之群組; 其中R 1b係CN或-CO 2Me; 其中R 1c係-CO 2H、-CO 2Me、-CO 2Et或-CONHMe;並且 其中R 1d係-CO 2H、-CO 2Me或-CONHMe。
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