TW202041585A - 成型人工聚合物物品 - Google Patents
成型人工聚合物物品 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202041585A TW202041585A TW109108079A TW109108079A TW202041585A TW 202041585 A TW202041585 A TW 202041585A TW 109108079 A TW109108079 A TW 109108079A TW 109108079 A TW109108079 A TW 109108079A TW 202041585 A TW202041585 A TW 202041585A
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- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- microspheres
- metal oxide
- bis
- porous metal
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002077 nanosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- -1 oxaniline Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 206
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
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- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/0016—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種多孔金屬氧化物微球體作為用於成型人工聚合物物品之光穩定劑的用途,其中該等多孔金屬氧化物微球體藉由包含以下之方法來製備:形成聚合物奈米粒子及金屬氧化物之液體分散液;形成該分散液之小液滴;乾燥該等小滴以提供包含聚合物奈米球體之聚合物模板微球體;及自該等模板微球體移除該等聚合物奈米球體以提供該等多孔金屬氧化物微球體。
Description
本發明係關於一種特定多孔金屬氧化物球體(例如,微球體)作為用於成型人工聚合物物品之光穩定劑的用途及相對應之成型人工聚合物物品及相對應之擠塑、澆鑄、紡絲、模製或壓延聚合物組合物。
現已發現某些多孔金屬氧化物球體對於穩定聚合物以免降解,尤其免於由UV光誘發之降解尤其有效。另外,已發現此等多孔金屬氧化物與其他UV吸收劑組合展示關於此類穩定的協同效應。
本發明尤其係關於一種多孔金屬氧化物球體作為用於成型人工聚合物物品之光穩定劑的用途,其中
該聚合物為合成聚合物及/或天然或合成彈性體,且
該等多孔金屬氧化物球體包含金屬氧化物且例如藉由包含以下之方法製備:
形成聚合物粒子(例如,奈米粒子)及金屬氧化物之液體分散液;
形成該分散液之小液滴;
乾燥該等小液滴以提供包含聚合物球體(例如,奈米球體)及金屬氧化物之聚合物模板球體(例如,微球體);及
自該等模板微球體移除該等聚合物球體以提供該等多孔金屬氧化物球體,且
其中該等球體例如具有
0.5 µm至100 µm之平均直徑,
0.10至0.80之平均孔隙率,及
50 nm至999 nm之平均孔徑。
可藉由使用聚合犧牲模板來製備本發明多孔金屬氧化物球體或光子球。在一個實施例中,製備含有聚合物粒子及金屬氧化物之水性膠體分散液,該等聚合物粒子通常為奈米尺度的。水性膠體分散液例如可在微流體裝置內與連續油相混合以產生油包水乳液。製備、收集及乾燥乳化小水滴(Emulsion aqueous droplets)以形成含有聚合物粒子及金屬氧化物之(通常為微米尺度的)球體。隨後例如經由煅燒移除聚合物粒子(球體)以提供含有高孔隙度之球形金屬氧化物粒子(球體)及通常為奈米尺度之孔。球體可含有均勻之孔徑,此係聚合物粒子為球形及單分散的之結果。
圖 1
展示用於製備本發明多孔微球體的概要。乾燥含有聚合物奈米球體及金屬氧化物之小乳滴以移除溶劑,從而提供在聚合物奈米球體(模板微球體或「直接結構」)之間的間隙空間中含有聚合物奈米球體與金屬氧化物之組裝微球體。聚合物奈米球體界定間隙空間。煅燒導致移除聚合物,從而提供具有較高孔隙率或空隙體積(反結構)之本發明金屬氧化物微球體。
有利地燒結多孔金屬氧化物球體,從而產生熱穩定且機械穩定之連續固體結構。
在一些實施例中,小滴形成及收集發生於微流體裝置內。微流體裝置為例如具有微米尺度小滴接面的窄通道裝置,其適於產生連接至收集儲集器之均勻尺寸之小滴。微流體裝置例如含有通道寬度為約10 µm至約100 µm之小滴接面。該等裝置(例如)由聚二甲基矽氧烷(PDMS)製成且可例如經由軟微影技術來製備。乳液可在裝置內經由以指定速率將水分散相及油連續相泵送至發生混合之裝置以提供小乳滴來製備。替代地,可採用水包油乳液。
在一些實施例中,可採用振動噴嘴技術。在此等技術中,製備液體分散液,形成小滴且將其滴至連續相之浴液中。接著乾燥該等小滴,隨後移除聚合物。振動噴嘴設備可購自Büchi且包含例如注射泵及脈動單元。振動噴嘴設備亦可包含壓力調節閥門。
聚合物粒子例如具有約50 nm至約999 nm之平均直徑且為單分散的。
適用於球體之模板聚合物包括熱塑性聚合物。例如,模板聚合物係選自由以下組成之群:聚(甲基)丙烯酸、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯醯胺、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚酯、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乳酸、聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯醚、其衍生物、其鹽、其共聚物及其組合。例如,聚合物係選自由以下組成之群:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯、聚(甲基丙烯酸正丁酯)、聚苯乙烯、聚(氯-苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)、聚(N-羥甲基丙烯醯胺)、苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、聚烷基化丙烯酸酯、聚羥基丙烯酸酯、聚胺基丙烯酸酯、聚氰基丙烯酸酯、聚氟化丙烯酸酯、聚(N-羥甲基丙烯醯胺)、聚丙烯酸、聚甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸乙酯/丙烯酸共聚物、苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸共聚物、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、聚乙烯基己內酯、聚乙烯基己內醯胺、其衍生物、其鹽及其組合。
在某些實施例中,聚合物模板包括聚苯乙烯,包括聚苯乙烯及聚苯乙烯共聚物。聚苯乙烯共聚物包括具有水溶性單體之共聚物,例如聚苯乙烯/丙烯酸、聚苯乙烯/聚(乙二醇)甲基丙烯酸酯及聚苯乙烯/苯乙烯磺酸酯。
本發明金屬氧化物包括過渡金屬、類金屬及稀土金屬之氧化物,例如二氧化矽、二氧化鈦、氧化鋁、氧化鋯、二氧化鈰、氧化鐵、氧化鋅、氧化銦、氧化錫、氧化鉻、混合金屬氧化物、其組合及其類似者。較佳為選自由二氧化矽、二氧化鈦、氧化鋁及其組合組成之群的金屬氧化物。
聚合物粒子與金屬氧化物之重量/重量(wt/wt)比率為例如0.1/1至10.0/1或0.5/1至10.0/1。
連續油相包含例如有機溶劑、聚矽氧油或氟化油。根據本發明,「油」意謂不可與水混溶之有機相。有機溶劑包括烴,例如庚烷、己烷、甲苯、二甲苯及其類似者,以及烷醇,諸如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇等。
收集、乾燥小乳滴且移除聚合物。乾燥在乾燥劑或其組合存在下於真空下在熱烘箱中例如經由微波輻射進行。
聚合物移除可例如經由煅燒、熱解或用溶劑(移除溶劑)進行。在一些實施例中,煅燒在至少約200℃、至少約500℃、至少約1000℃、約200℃至約1200℃或約200℃至約700℃之溫度下進行。煅燒可持續適合時段,例如約0.1小時至約12小時或約1小時至約8.0小時。在其他實施例中,煅燒可持續至少約0.1小時、至少約1小時、至少約5小時或至少約10小時。
替代地,包含聚合物奈米粒子及金屬氧化物之液體分散液係由油分散相及連續水相形成以形成水包油乳液。可如小水滴一樣收集且乾燥小油滴。
替代地,製備聚合物粒子(例如,奈米粒子)及金屬氧化物之液體分散液且將該液體分散液噴霧乾燥以形成聚合物模板球體(例如,微球體)而不形成液-液乳液(liquid-in-liquid emulsion)。在噴霧乾燥技術之某些實施例中,將液體溶液或分散液饋入(例如,泵送)至與壓縮氣體入口相關聯之霧化噴嘴。饋料經由霧化噴嘴泵送以形成小液滴。該等小滴在蒸發腔室中由預加熱氣體包圍,導致溶劑蒸發以產生固體粒子。乾燥粒子由乾燥氣體運載通過氣旋且沈積於收集腔室中。氣體包括氮氣及/或空氣。在本發明噴霧乾燥法之一實施例中,液體饋料含有水或油相、聚合物粒子及金屬氧化物。在本發明噴霧乾燥法之一實施例中,液體饋料含有水或油相、聚合物粒子及視情況存在之金屬氧化物。本發明提供在聚合物球體之間的間隙空間中含有聚合物球體與金屬氧化物的聚合物模板球體。聚合物球體界定間隙空間。噴霧乾燥技術包括噴墨噴霧乾燥法及設備。
在本發明之噴霧乾燥技術中,可認為空氣是具有分散液相(液-氣乳液(liquid-in-gas emulsion))之連續相。在某些實施例中,噴霧乾燥包含約100℃、約105℃、約110℃、約115℃、約120℃、約130℃、約140℃、約150℃、約160℃或約170℃中之任一者至約180℃、約190℃、約200℃、約210℃、約215℃或約220℃中之任一者的入口溫度。在一些實施例中,採用約1 mL/min、約2 mL/min、約5 mL/min、約6 mL/min、約8 mL/min、約10 mL/min、約12 mL/min、約14 mL/min或約16 mL/min中之任一者至約18 mL/min、約20 mL/min、約22 mL/min、約24 mL/min、約26 mL/min、約28 mL/min或約30 mL/min中之任一者的泵送速率(饋料流率)。噴霧乾燥技術揭示於例如US2016/0170091中。
圖 4
為根據本發明之一些實施例之噴霧乾燥法之圖式。
該等球體為球形或類球形且在某些實施例中為微米尺度的,例如平均直徑為約0.5微米(µm)至約100 µm。用作模板之聚合物粒子亦為球形且在某些實施例中為奈米尺度的且為單分散的,例如平均直徑為約50 nm至約999 nm。所用金屬氧化物亦可呈粒子形式,該等粒子可為奈米尺度的。
分散液之金屬氧化物可作為金屬氧化物提供或可例如經由溶膠-凝膠技術自金屬氧化物前驅體提供。
乾燥聚合物/金屬氧化物小滴,隨後移除聚合物,提供具有均勻空隙(孔)之球體。一般而言,在本發明方法中,每一小滴提供單一球體。孔徑視聚合物粒子之尺寸而定。在聚合物移除時可能發生一些「收縮」或壓縮,從而提供略微小於原始聚合物粒度,例如小於聚合物粒度約10%至約40%之孔徑。孔徑與聚合物粒子形狀及尺寸一致。
孔徑在一些實施例中可在約50 nm至約999 nm範圍內。
本發明金屬氧化物球體之平均孔隙率可相對較高。球體之平均孔隙率意謂總孔體積占整個球體之體積的分率。平均孔隙率可稱為「體積分率」。
在一些實施例中,多孔球體可具有孔隙率一般朝向球體之外表面的實心(中心)。在其他實施例中,多孔球體可具有孔隙率之大部分朝向球體之內部的空心。在其他實施例中,孔隙率可分佈於整個球體之體積中。在其他實施例中,孔隙率可以梯度形式存在,其中朝向球體之外表面的孔隙率較高且朝向中心的孔隙率較低或朝向中心無孔隙率(實心);或朝向外表面的孔隙率較低且朝向中心的孔隙率較高或孔隙率完全朝向中心(空心)。
對於任何多孔球體,平均球體直徑較佳大於平均孔徑,例如該平均球體直徑大於該平均孔徑至少約25倍、至少約30倍、至少約35倍或至少約40倍。
在一些實施例中,平均球體直徑與平均孔徑的比率為例如約40/1、約50/1、約60/1、約70/1、約80/1、約90/1、約100/1、約110/1、約120/1、約130/1、約140/1、約150/1、約160/1、約170/1、約180/1或約190/1中之任一者至約200/1、約210/1、約220/1、約230/1、約240/1、約250/1、約260/1、約270/1、約280/1、約290/1、約300/1、約310/1、約320/1、約330/1、約340/1或約350/1中之任一者。
包含單分散聚合物球體之聚合物模板球體可在移除聚合物時提供金屬氧化物球體,該等金屬氧化物球體的孔一般具有類似孔徑。
球體(例如,微球體)之平均直徑可為0.5 µm至100 µm、或1 µm至75 µm或4.5 µm至9.9 µm。
球體(例如,微球體)之平均孔隙率可為0.10至0.90、或0.10至0.80或0.45至0.65。
球體(例如,微球體)之平均孔徑可為50 nm至999 nm、50 nm至800 nm及220 nm至300 nm。
某些實施例係有關多孔微球體,其中微球體具有0.5 µm至100 µm之平均直徑,0.10至0.90或0.10至0.80之平均孔隙率及50 nm至999 nm之平均孔徑。
其他實施例係有關平均直徑為1 µm至75 µm、平均孔隙率為0.45至0.65且平均孔徑為50 nm至800 nm之多孔金屬氧化物微球體。
其他實施例係有關平均直徑為4.5 µm至9.9 µm;平均孔隙率為0.45至0.65;且平均孔徑為220 nm至300 nm之多孔金屬氧化物微球體。
不希望受理論所束縛,認為球體之大量樣品在孔隙率及/或球體直徑及/或孔徑在某一範圍內時展現吸收。
多孔球體主要包含金屬氧化物,亦即,其可基本上由金屬氧化物組成或由金屬氧化物組成。微球體中金屬氧化物的量以微球體之重量計可為例如50至99.9重量%。某些實施例具有60重量%、或70重量%或90重量%或95重量%之下限。
有利地,多孔球體(例如,微球體)亦可為單分散的。
根據本發明,粒度(particle size)與粒徑(particle diameter)同義且例如藉由掃描電子顯微法(SEM)或透射電子顯微法(TEM)測定。平均粒度與D50同義,意謂一半群體處於此點上方且一半處於此點下方。粒度係指初級粒子。可藉由雷射光散射技術,利用分散液或乾粉來量測粒度。
使用汞壓孔率測定法分析來表徵微球體之孔隙率。汞壓孔率測定法向浸沒於汞中之樣品施加受控壓力。施加外部壓力使汞滲透至材料之空隙/孔中。侵入空隙/孔所需之壓力量與空隙/孔之尺寸成反比。汞壓孔率計自使用Washburn方程由該儀器產生之壓力與侵入資料產生體積及孔徑分佈。例如,含有平均尺寸為165 nm之空隙/孔的多孔二氧化矽微球體之平均孔隙率為0.8。
術語「大量樣品」意謂球體之群體。例如,微球體之大量樣品僅為例如以下的微球體之大量群體:≥ 0.1 mg、≥ 0.2 mg、≥ 0.3 mg、≥ 0.4 mg、≥ 0.5 mg、≥ 0.7 mg、≥ 1.0 mg、≥ 2.5 mg、≥ 5.0 mg、≥ 10.0 mg或≥ 25.0 mg。球體之大量樣品可實質上不含其他組分。術語「多孔球體」或「多孔微球體」可意謂大量樣品。
術語「之」可意謂「包含」,例如「…之液體分散液」可解釋為「包含…之液體分散液」。
本文中所提及之術語「微球體」、「奈米球體」、「小滴」等可意謂例如其複數個、其集合、其群體、其樣品或其大量樣品。
術語「微」或「微米尺度的」意謂約0.5 µm至約999 µm。術語「奈米」或「奈米尺度的」意謂約1 nm至約999 nm。
術語「球體」及「粒子」為可互換的。
關於球體之群體或球體之術語「單分散的」意謂具有大體上均勻形狀及大體上均勻直徑的粒子。本發明之微球體或奈米球體之單分散群體可例如具有的以數目計90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%之粒子直徑在群體之平均直徑±7%、±6%、±5%、±4%、±3%、±2%或±1%內。
移除聚合物球體之單分散群體提供具有孔的相對應之群體的多孔金屬氧化物球體,該等孔具有平均孔徑。
術語「實質上不含其他組分」意謂例如含有≤5重量%、≤4重量%、≤3重量%、≤2重量%、≤1重量%或≤0.5重量%之其他組分。
本文中之冠詞「一(a)」及「一(an)」係指語法對象中之一者或多於一者(例如至少一者)。本文中所列舉之任何範圍為包括性的。通篇所使用之術語「約」用於描述且解釋小波動。例如,「約」可意謂數值可經±5%、±4%、±3%、±2%、±1%、±0.5%、±0.4%、±0.3%、±0.2%、±0.1%或±0.05%修飾。由術語「約」修飾之數值包括特定識別值。例如「約5.0」包括5.0。
除非另外指示,否則所有份數及百分比均按重量計。若未另外指示,則重量百分比(wt%)以整個組合物計。
本發明之實施例的非限制性集合係針對製備該等多孔金屬氧化物球體之方法,其包括:
在第一實施例中,揭示一種製備包含金屬氧化物之多孔金屬氧化物微球體的方法,該方法包含形成聚合物奈米粒子及金屬氧化物之液體分散液;形成該分散液之小液滴;乾燥該等小液滴以提供包含聚合物奈米球體及金屬氧化物之聚合物模板微球體;及自該等模板微球體移除該等聚合物奈米球體以提供該等多孔金屬氧化物微球體。
在第二實施例中,根據第一實施例之方法,該方法包含形成聚合物奈米粒子及該金屬氧化物之液體分散液,對該液體分散液進行噴霧乾燥以提供聚合物模板微球體及自該等模板微球體移除該等聚合物奈米球體。
在第三實施例中,根據第一實施例之方法,該方法包含藉由振動噴嘴形成該等小液滴。在第四實施例中,根據實施例1至3之方法,其中該等小液滴為小水滴。在第五實施例中,根據實施例1至3之方法,其中該等小液滴為小油滴。
在第六實施例中,根據實施例1之方法,該方法包含提供連續相及使該液體分散液與該連續相混合以形成含有經分散之液體分散液小滴之乳液。在第七實施例中,根據實施例6之方法,該方法包含提供連續油相及使水性分散液與該連續油相混合以形成含有小水滴之油包水乳液。在第八實施例中,根據實施例6之方法,該方法包含提供連續水相及使油分散液與該連續相混合以形成含有小油滴之水包油乳液。
在第九實施例中,根據實施例6至8之方法,該方法包含收集該等小滴。在第十實施例中,根據實施例9之方法,該方法包含乾燥該等小滴以提供包含聚合物奈米球及金屬氧化物之聚合物模板微球體,及自該等模板微球體移除該等聚合物奈米球體。
在第十一實施例中,根據實施例6至10之方法,其中乾燥該等小滴包含微波輻射、烘箱乾燥、真空乾燥、在乾燥劑存在下乾燥,或其組合。
在第十二實施例中,根據實施例7至11之方法,其中該油相或分散液包含烴、聚矽氧油或氟化油。在第十三實施例中,根據實施例6至12之方法,其中形成該等小滴發生於微流體裝置中。在第十四實施例中,根據實施例6至13之方法,其中形成該等小滴發生於微流體裝置中,該微流體裝置含有通道寬度為約10 µm、約15 µm、約20 µm、約25 µm、約30 µm、約35 µm、約40 µm或約45 µm中之任一者至約50 µm、約55 µm、約60 µm、約65 µm、約70 µm、約75 µm、約80 µm、約85 µm、約90 µm、約95 µm或約100 µm中之任一者的小滴接面。10 µm至100 µm通道寬度為較佳。在第十五實施例中,根據實施例13或14之方法,該方法包含自該微流體裝置收集該等小滴。
在第十六實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中聚合物奈米粒子與金屬氧化物之wt/wt比率為約0.1/1、約0.5/1、約1.0/1、約1.5/1、約2.0/1、約2.5/1或約3.0/1中之任一者至約3.5/1、約4.0/1、約5.0/1、約5.5/1、約6.0/1、約6.5/1、約7.0/1、約8.0/1、約9.0/1或約10.0/1中之任一者。0.1/1至10/1比率為較佳。
在第十七實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中該等聚合物奈米粒子具有約50 nm、約75 nm、約100 nm、約130 nm、約160 nm、約190 nm、約210 nm、約240 nm、約270 nm、約300 nm、約330 nm、約360 nm、約390 nm、約410 nm、約440 nm、約470 nm、約500 nm、約530 nm、約560 nm、約590 nm或約620 nm中之任一者至約650 nm、約680 nm、約710 nm、約740 nm、約770 nm、約800 nm、約830 nm、約860 nm、約890 nm、約910 nm、約940 nm、約970 nm或約990 nm中之任一者的平均直徑。
在第十八實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中該聚合物係選自由以下組成之群:聚(甲基)丙烯酸、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯醯胺、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乳酸、聚丙烯腈、其衍生物、其鹽、其共聚物及其組合。
在第十九實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中該聚合物係選自由以下組成之群:聚苯乙烯,例如聚苯乙烯共聚物,諸如聚苯乙烯/丙烯酸、聚苯乙烯/聚(乙二醇)甲基丙烯酸酯或聚苯乙烯/苯乙烯磺酸酯。在第二十實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中該金屬氧化物為二氧化矽、二氧化鈦、氧化鋁、氧化鋯、二氧化鈰、氧化鐵、氧化鋅、氧化銦、氧化錫或氧化鉻中之一或多者。
在第二十一實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中該等多孔微球體具有約0.5 µm至約100 µm之平均直徑、約0.10至約0.90或約0.10至約0.80之平均孔隙率及約50 nm至約999 nm之平均孔徑。
在第二十二實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中該等多孔微球體具有約1 µm至約75 µm、約2 µm至約70 µm、約3 µm至約65 µm、約4 µm至約60 µm、約5 µm至約55 µm或約5 µm至約50 µm;例如約5 µm、約6 µm、約7 µm、約8 µm、約9 µm、約10 µm、約11 µm、約12 µm、約13 µm、約14 µm或約15 µm中之任一者至約16 µm、約17 µm、約18 µm、約19 µm、約20 µm、約21 µm、約22 µm、約23 µm、約24 µm或約25 µm中之任一者的平均直徑。
在第二十三實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中該等多孔微球體具有約0.10、約0.12、約0.14、約0.16、約0.18、約0.20、約0.22、約0.24、約0.26、約0.28、約0.30、約0.32、約0.34、約0.36、約0.38、約0.40、約0.42、約0.44、約0.46、約0.48約0.50、約0.52、約0.54、約0.56、約0.58或約0.60中之任一者至約0.62、約0.64、約0.66、約0.68、約0.70、約0.72、約0.74、約0.76、約0.78、約0.80或約0.90中之任一者的平均孔隙率。
在第二十四實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中該等多孔微球體具有約50 nm、約60 nm、約70 nm、80 nm、約100 nm、約120 nm、約140 nm、約160 nm、約180 nm、約200 nm、約220 nm、約240 nm、約260 nm、約280 nm、約300 nm、約320 nm、約340 nm、約360 nm、約380 nm、約400 nm、約420 nm或約440 nm中之任一者至約460 nm、約480 nm、約500 nm、約520 nm、約540 nm、約560 nm、約580 nm、約600 nm、約620 nm、約640 nm、約660 nm、約680 nm、約700 nm、約720 nm、約740 nm、約760 nm、約780 nm或約800 nm中之任一者的平均孔徑。
在第二十五實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中該等多孔微球體具有約4.5 µm、約4.8 µm、約5.1 µm、約5.4 µm、約5.7 µm、約6.0 µm、約6.3 µm、約6.6 µm、約6.9 µm、約7.2 µm或約7.5 µm中之任一者至約7.8 µm約8.1 µm、約8.4 µm、約8.7 µm、約9.0 µm、約9.3 µm、約9.6 µm或約9.9 µm中之任一者的平均直徑。
在第二十六實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中該等多孔微球體具有約0.45、約0.47、約0.49、約0.51、約0.53、約0.55或約0.57中之任一者至約0.59、約0.61、約0.63或約0.65中之任一者的平均孔隙率。
在第二十七實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中該等多孔微球體具有約220 nm、約225 nm、約230 nm、約235 nm、約240 nm、約245 nm或約250 nm中之任一者至約255 nm、約260 nm、約265 nm、約270 nm、約275 nm、約280 nm、約285 nm、約290 nm、約295 nm或約300 nm中之任一者的平均孔徑。
在第二十八實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中該等多孔微球體具有約4.5 µm、約4.8 µm、約5.1 µm、約5.4 µm、約5.7 µm、約6.0 µm、約6.3 µm、約6.6 µm、約6.9 µm、約7.2 µm或約7.5 µm中之任一者至約7.8 µm約8.1 µm、約8.4 µm、約8.7 µm、約9.0 µm、約9.3 µm、約9.6 µm或約9.9 µm中之任一者的平均直徑;約0.45、約0.47、約0.49、約0.51、約0.53、約0.55或約0.57中之任一者至約0.59、約0.61、約0.63或約0.65中之任一者的平均孔隙率;及約220 nm、約225 nm、約230 nm、約235 nm、約240 nm、約245 nm或約250 nm中之任一者至約255 nm、約260 nm、約265 nm、約270 nm、約275 nm、約280 nm、約285 nm、約290 nm、約295 nm或約300 nm中之任一者的平均孔徑。
在第二十九實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中該等多孔微球體包含以該等微球體之總重量計約60.0 wt%至約99.9 wt%金屬氧化物,例如包含約60.0 wt%、約64.0 wt%、約67.0 wt%、約70.0 wt%、約73.0 wt%、約76.0 wt%、約79.0 wt%、約82.0 wt%或約85.0 wt%中之任一者至約88.0 wt%、約91.0 wt%、約94.0 wt%、約97.0 wt%、約98.0 wt%、約99.0 wt%或約99.9 wt%中之任一者的金屬氧化物。
在第三十實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中該等多孔微球體包含以該等微球體之總重量計約0.1 wt%至約40.0 wt%之一或多種光吸收劑,例如包含約0.1 wt%、約0.3 wt%、約0.5 wt%、約0.7 wt%、約0.9 wt%、約1.0 wt%、約1.5 wt%、約2.0 wt%、約2.5 wt%、約5.0 wt%、約7.5 wt%、約10.0 wt%、約13.0 wt%、約17.0 wt%、約20.0 wt%或約22.0 wt%中之任一者至約24.0 wt%、約27.0 wt%、約29.0 wt%、約31.0 wt%、約33.0 wt%、約35.0 wt%、約37.0 wt%、約39.0 wt%或約40.0 wt%中之任一者的一或多種光吸收劑。
在第三十一實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中該等多孔微球體為單分散的。在第三十二實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中該等多孔金屬氧化物微球體為微球體之大量樣品。
在第三十三實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中自模板微球體移除聚合物奈米球體包含煅燒、熱解或溶劑移除。
在第三十四實施例中,根據前述實施例中任一者之方法,其中移除聚合物奈米球體包含在約200℃、約350℃、約400℃, 450℃、約500℃或約550℃中之任一者至約600℃、約650℃、約700℃或約1200℃中之任一者的溫度下煅燒模板微球體持續約0.1小時(h)、1 h、約1.5 h、約2.0 h、約2.5 h、約3.0 h、約3.5 h或約4.0 h中之任一者至約4.5 h、約5.0 h、約5.5 h、約6.0 h、約6.5 h、約7.0 h、約7.5 h、約8.0 h或約12 h中之任一者的時段。替代地,可在至少約200℃、至少約500℃或至少約1000℃之溫度下煅燒持續適合時段,例如持續至少約0.1小時、至少約1小時、至少約5小時或至少約10小時。
多孔金屬氧化物球體以該成型人工聚合物物品之重量計較佳以0.01 wt%至40.0 wt%或0.01 wt%至20.0 wt%之濃度使用。其他範圍包括0.1 wt%至20.0 wt%、或0.1 wt%至10.0 wt%的濃度或0.25 wt%至10.0 wt%、或0.5 wt%至10.0 wt%的濃度。
多孔金屬氧化物微球體可與一或多種UV吸收劑組合使用,該等UV吸收劑係選自由以下組成之群:2-羥苯基三嗪、苯并三唑、2-羥基二苯甲酮、草醯苯胺、肉桂酸酯及苯甲酸酯。
該或該等UV吸收劑以該成型人工聚合物物品之重量計較佳以0.01 wt%至40.0 wt%、尤其0.01 wt%至20.0 wt%之濃度使用。更佳為0.1 wt%至20.0 wt%、尤其為0.1 wt%至10.0 wt%之濃度。
用於與多孔金屬氧化物微球體組合之苯并三唑較佳為彼等式(Ia),
其中T1
為氫、C1
-C18
烷基或經苯基取代之C1
-C18
烷基,
或T1
為式之基團;
L1
為二價基團,例如-(CH2
)n
-,其中n在1至8範圍內;
T2
為氫、C1
-C18
烷基或為經COOT5
、C1
-C18
烷氧基、羥基、苯基或C2
-C18
醯氧基取代之C1
-C18
烷基;
T3
為氫、鹵素、C1
-C18
烷基、C1
-C18
烷氧基、C2
-C18
醯氧基、具有1至12個碳原子之全氟烷基,諸如-CF3
,或T3
為苯基;
T5
為間雜有一或多個O及/或經OH或基團取代之C1
-C18
烷基或C4
-C50
烷基。
此類苯并三唑之實例為Tinuvin®PA 328及Tinuvin®326及下文清單中所給出之相對應UV吸收劑。
此類2-羥基二苯甲酮之實例為Chimassorb®81及下文清單中所給出之相對應UV吸收劑。
其實例為下文清單中所給出之相對應UV吸收劑。
用於與多孔金屬氧化物微球體組合之肉桂酸酯較佳為具有式(Id)之彼等
其中
m為1至4之整數;
G15
為氫或苯基;
若m為1,則G16
為COO-G19
;
若m為2,則G16
為C2
-C12
烷烴-二氧羰基;
若m為3,則G16
為C3
-C12
烷烴-三氧羰基;
若m為4,則G16
為C4
-C12
烷烴-四氧羰基;
G17
為氫、CN或為COO-G19
;
G18
為氫或甲氧基;及
G19
為C1
-C18
烷基。
此類肉桂酸酯之實例為Uvinul®3035及下文清單中所給出之相對應UV吸收劑。
用於與多孔金屬氧化物微球體組合之苯甲酸酯較佳為具有式(Ie)之彼等
其中
k為1或2;
當k為1時,G20
為C1
-C18
烷基、苯基或經C1
-C12
烷基取代之苯基,且G21
為氫;
當k為2時,G20
與G21
一起為四價基團;
G22
及G24
獨立地為氫或C1
-C8
烷基;且
G23
為氫或羥基。
此類苯甲酸酯之實例為下文清單中所給出之相對應UV吸收劑。
用於與多孔金屬氧化物微球體組合之2-羥苯基三嗪較佳為具有式(If)之彼等
其中
G8
為C1
-C18
烷基或為間雜有COO或OCO或O或間雜有O且經OH取代的C4
-C18
烷基;
G9
、G10
、G11
及G12
獨立地為氫、甲基、羥基或OG8
;
或為具有式(Ig)之彼等
其中R為C1
-C12
烷基、(CH2
-CH2
-O-)n
-R2
;-CH2
-CH(OH)-CH2
-O-R2
;或-CH(R3
)-CO-O-R4
;n為0或1;R2
為C1
-C13
烷基或C2
-C20
烯基或C6
-C12
芳基或CO-C1
-C18
烷基;R3
為H或C1
-C8
烷基;且R4
為C1
-C12
烷基或C2
-C12
烯基或C5
-C6
環烷基。
此類2-羥苯基三嗪之實例為Tinuvin®1577及Tinuvin®1600及下文清單中所給出之相對應UV吸收劑。
在包括R2
、R3
或R4
之所給定義之上下文中,烷基為例如分支鏈或非分支鏈烷基,諸如甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、2-乙基丁基、正戊基、異戊基、1-甲基戊基、1,3-二甲基丁基、正己基、1-甲基己基、正庚基、異庚基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、1-甲基庚基、3-甲基庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、1,1,3-三甲基己基、1,1,3,3-四甲基戊基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、1-甲基十一烷基、十二烷基、1,1,3,3,5,5-六甲基己基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基。
烷基間雜有多於一個O為例如聚氧伸烷基,諸如聚乙二醇殘基。
芳基一般為芳族烴基,例如苯基、聯苯基或萘基。
在所指示定義之上下文內,烯基包含尤其乙烯基、烯丙基、異丙烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、異丁烯基、正戊-2,4-二烯基、3-甲基-丁-2-烯基、正辛-2-烯基、正十二-2-烯基、異十二烯基、正十八-4-烯基。
鹵素主要為氟、氯、溴或碘,尤其為氯。
C5
-C6
環烷基主要為環戊基、環己基。
C2
-C18
醯氧基為例如烷醯氧基、苯甲醯氧基或烯醯氧基,諸如丙烯醯氧基或甲基丙烯醯氧基。
二價C2
-C12
烷烴-二氧羰基之實例為-COO-CH2
CH2
-OCO-;
三價C3
-C12
烷烴-三氧羰基之實例為-COO-CH2
-CH(OCO-)CH2
-OCO-;
四價C4
-C12
烷烴-四氧羰基之實例為(-COO-CH2
)4
C。
較佳地,用於與多孔金屬氧化物微球體組合之一或多種UV吸收劑包含選自(i)至(lv)之一或多種化合物:i.
2-(3',5'-二-第三丁基-2'-羥苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑,ii.
2-(3',5'-二-第三戊基-2'-羥苯基)苯并三唑,iii.
2-(3',5'-雙(α,α-二甲基苯甲基)-2'-羥苯基)苯并三唑,iv.
2-(3'-第三丁基-2'-羥基-5'-(2-辛氧羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑,v.
2,2'-亞甲基-雙[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-苯并三唑-2-基苯酚],vi.
2-[3'-第三丁基-5'-(2-甲氧羰基乙基)-2'-羥苯基]-2H-苯并三唑與聚乙二醇300之轉酯化產物,vii.
2-[2'-羥基-3'-(α,α-二甲基苯甲基)-5'-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]苯并三唑,viii.
5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羥基-3-α-異丙苯基-5-第三辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,
ix. 2-(2'-羥基-5'-(2-羥乙基)苯基)苯并三唑,x.
2-(2'-羥基-5'-(2-甲基丙烯醯氧乙基)苯基)苯并三唑,xi.
2,4-雙(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-(2-羥基-4-烷氧苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,其中烷基為C8
烷基之混合物(CAS第137759-38-7號;第85099-51-0號;第85099-50-9號);xii.
2,4-雙(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-(2-羥基-4-辛氧苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪 (CAS第2725-22-6號),xiii.
2,4-二苯基-6-(2-羥基-4-[α-乙基己醯氧乙基]苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,xiv.
2,4-雙(2-羥基-4-丁氧苯基)-6-(2,4-雙-丁氧苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,xv.
2,4,6-三(2-羥基-4-[1-乙氧羰基乙氧基]苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,xvi.
三(2,4-二羥苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪與α-氯丙酸酯(α-chloropropionic ester)之混合物(由C7
-C9
醇之異構混合物製得)之反應產物,xvii.
2-[4-(十二烷氧基/十三烷氧基-2-羥丙氧基)-2-羥苯基]-4,6-雙(2,4-二甲基苯基)1,3,5-三嗪,xviii.
2-{2-羥基-4-[3-(2-乙基己基-1-氧基)-2-羥丙氧基]苯基}-4,6-雙(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,xix.
2-(2-羥基-4-己氧苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,xx.
2-(3'-第三丁基-5'-甲基-2'-羥苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,xxi.
2-(3'-第二丁基-5'-第三丁基-2'-羥苯基)-苯并三唑,xxii.
2-(3',5'-二-第三丁基-2'-羥苯基)-苯并三唑,xxiii.
2-(5'-第三辛基-2'-羥苯基)-苯并三唑,xxiv.
2-(3'-十二烷基-5'-甲基-2'-羥苯基)-苯并三唑,xxv.
2-(3'-第三丁基-5'-(2-辛氧羰基乙基)-2'-羥苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,xxvi.
2-(5'-甲基-2'-羥苯基)-苯并三唑,xxvii.
2-(5'-第三丁基-2'-羥苯基)-苯并三唑,式之化合物,xxxi.
式之化合物,xxxii.
2-乙基己基-對甲氧基肉桂酸酯(CAS第5466-77-3號),xxxiii.
2,4-二羥基二苯甲酮,xxxiv.
2-羥基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮,xxxv.
2-羥基-4-十二烷氧基二苯甲酮,xxxvi.
2-羥基-4-辛氧基二苯甲酮,xxxvii.
2,2'-二羥基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮,xxxviii.
式之化合物,xxxix.
式之化合物,xl.
式之化合物,xli.
式之化合物,xlii.
式之化合物,xliii.
式之化合物,xliv.
式之化合物,xlv.
式之化合物,xlvi.
式之化合物,xlvii.
式之化合物xlviii.
式之化合物xlix.
式之化合物l.
式之化合物li.
式之化合物lii.
式之化合物liii.
式之化合物liv.
式之化合物lv.
式之化合物lvi.
十二烷二酸,1,12-雙[2-[4-(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-3-羥基苯氧基]乙基]酯(CAS第1482217-03-7號)lvii.
式之化合物,lviii.
式之化合物。
在一個實施例中,UV吸收劑i-xx及xlvi為較佳的。
在一特定實施例中,UV吸收劑i-iv、vi-xi、xiii-xviii、xx、xxiii-xxxix、xlvi;尤其ii、iii、iv、vi、vii、viii、xx、xxv、xxxvii、xlvi為較佳的。
在另一實施例中,i-x、xii、xiii、xix-xxiii、xxv-xxvii、xxx-xxxvi、xl-xlv及xlvi;尤其i、ii、iii、v、vi、viii、xii、xiii、xix、xx、xxii、xxiii、xxvi、xxx、xxxi、xxxiv、xxxvi、xl、xli、xlii、xliii、xliv、xlv、xlvi為較佳的。
作為2-羥苯基三嗪極佳的為xii、xlviii及xlvi。
較佳的為2-羥苯基三嗪、苯并三唑、2-羥基二苯甲酮及苯甲酸酯,尤其為2-羥苯基三嗪、苯并三唑及2-羥基二苯甲酮。更佳的為苯并三唑及2-羥基二苯甲酮,尤其為苯并三唑。
用於成型人工聚合物物品之合成聚合物或天然或合成彈性體之特定實例為:
1. 單烯烴及二烯烴之聚合物,例如聚丙烯、聚異丁烯、聚丁-1-烯、聚-4-甲基戊-1-烯、聚乙烯環己烷、聚異戊二烯或聚-丁二烯、聚己烯、聚辛烯;以及環烯烴之聚合物,例如環戊烯、環己烯、環辛烯或降冰片烯;聚乙烯(其視情況可交聯),例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、高密度及高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-HMW)、高密度及超高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-UHMW)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、直鏈低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、(VLDPE)及(ULDPE)。
聚烯烴,亦即在前述段中例示之單烯烴之聚合物,較佳聚乙烯及聚丙烯可藉由不同方法且尤其藉由如下方法製備:
a) 自由基聚合(通常於高壓下及在高溫下)。
b) 催化聚合,其使用通常含有一種或多於一種元素週期表第IVb、Vb、VIb或VIII族之金屬的催化劑。此等金屬通常具有可經π或σ配位之一種或多於一種配位體,通常為氧化物、鹵化物、醇化物、酯、醚、胺、烷基、烯基及/或芳基。此等金屬錯合物可呈游離形式或固定於基質上,通常固定於活化氯化鎂、氯化鈦(III)、氧化鋁或氧化矽上。此等催化劑可溶於或不可溶於聚合介質中。在聚合中可單獨使用催化劑或可使用其他活化劑,該等活化劑通常為金屬烷基、金屬氫化物、金屬烷基鹵化物、金屬烷基氧化物或金屬烷基氧烷(metal alkyloxane),該等金屬為元素週期表之第Ia、IIa及/或IIIa族元素。活化劑可適宜地經其他酯、醚、胺或矽烷基醚基改質。此等催化劑系統通常稱為Phillips、Standard Oil Indiana、齊格勒(Ziegler)(-納他(Natta))、TNZ(DuPont)、茂金屬或單一位點催化劑(SSC)。
2. 1)下所提及之聚合物之混合物,例如聚丙烯與聚異丁烯之混合物、聚丙烯與聚乙烯之混合物(例如PP/HDPE、PP/LDPE)及不同類型之聚乙烯之混合物(例如LDPE/HDPE)。
3. 單烯烴與二烯烴彼此或與其他乙烯基單體之共聚物,例如乙烯/丙烯共聚物;直鏈低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)及其與低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、極低密度聚乙烯之混合物;丙烯/丁-1-烯共聚物、丙烯/異丁烯共聚物、乙烯/丁-1-烯共聚物、乙烯/己烯共聚物、乙烯/甲基戊烯共聚物、乙烯/庚烯共聚物、乙烯/辛烯共聚物、乙烯/乙烯基環己烷共聚物、乙烯/環烯烴共聚物(例如乙烯/降冰片烯,如COC)、乙烯/1-烯烴共聚物,其中1-烯烴原位產生;丙烯/丁二烯共聚物、異丁烯/異戊二烯共聚物、乙烯/乙烯基環己烯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸烷酯共聚物、乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷酯共聚物、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物或乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物及其鹽(離聚物)以及乙烯與丙烯及諸如己二烯、二環戊二烯或亞乙基-降冰片烯之二烯的三元共聚物;及此類共聚物與另一種及上文1)中所提及之聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物、LDPE/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、LDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)、LLDPE/EVA、LLDPE/EAA及交替或隨機聚亞烷基/一氧化碳共聚物及其與其他例如聚醯胺之聚合物的混合物。
4. 烴樹脂(例如C5
-C9
),包括其經氫化之改質(例如增黏劑),及聚伸烷與澱粉之混合物。
來自1.)至4.)之均聚物及共聚物可具有包括間規、等規、半等規或非規之任何立體結構;其中非規聚合物較佳。亦包括立體嵌段聚合物。來自1.)至4.)之共聚物可為隨機或嵌段共聚物、均相或異相或高結晶均聚物。
5. 聚苯乙烯、聚(對甲基苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
6. 衍生自乙烯基芳族單體的芳族均聚物及共聚物,其包括苯乙烯;α-甲基苯乙烯;乙烯基甲苯之所有異構體,尤其為對乙烯基甲苯;乙基苯乙烯、丙基苯乙烯、乙烯基聯二苯、乙烯基萘及乙烯基蒽之所有異構體及其混合物。均聚物及共聚物可具有包括間規、等規、半等規或非規之任何立體結構;其中非規聚合物較佳。亦包括立體嵌段聚合物。
6a. 包括前述選自以下之乙烯基芳族單體及共聚單體的共聚物:乙烯、丙烯、二烯、腈、酸、順丁烯二酸酐、順丁烯二醯亞胺、乙酸乙烯酯及氯乙烯或丙烯酸衍生物及其混合物,例如苯乙烯/丁二烯、苯乙烯/丙烯腈、苯乙烯/乙烯(互聚物)、苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷酯、苯乙烯/丁二烯/丙烯酸烷酯、苯乙烯/丁二烯/甲基丙烯酸烷酯、苯乙烯/順丁烯二酸酐、苯乙烯/丙烯腈/丙烯酸甲酯;高衝擊強度苯乙烯共聚物與例如以下之另一聚合物之混合物:聚丙烯酸酯、二烯聚合物或乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物;及苯乙烯之嵌段共聚物,諸如苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/異戊二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/異戊二烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/乙烯/丁烯/苯乙烯或苯乙烯/乙烯/丙烯/苯乙烯、HIPS、ABS、ASA、AES。
6b.衍生自6.)下所提及之聚合物之氫化的經氫化之芳族聚合物,尤其包括藉由使非規聚苯乙烯氫化製備之聚環己基乙烯(PCHE),通常稱為聚乙烯基環己烷(PVCH)。
6c. 衍生自6a.)下所提及之聚合物之氫化的經氫化之芳族聚合物。
均聚物及共聚物可具有包括間規、等規、半等規或非規之任何立體結構;其中非規聚合物較佳。亦包括立體嵌段聚合物。
7. 諸如苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯之乙烯基芳族單體之接枝共聚物,例如苯乙烯接枝於聚丁二烯上、苯乙烯接枝於聚丁二烯-苯乙烯或聚丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物上;苯乙烯及丙烯腈(或甲基丙烯腈) 接枝於聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯、丙烯腈及甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝於聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯及順丁烯二酸酐接枝於聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯、丙烯腈及順丁烯二酸酐或順丁烯二醯亞胺接枝於聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯及順丁烯二醯亞胺接枝於聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯及丙烯酸烷酯或甲基丙烯酸烷酯接枝於聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯及丙烯腈接枝於乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物上;苯乙烯及丙烯腈接枝於聚丙烯酸烷酯或聚甲基丙烯酸烷酯上、苯乙烯及丙烯腈接枝於丙烯酸酯/丁二烯共聚物上,以及其與6)下所列之共聚物的混合物,例如稱為ABS、MBS、ASA或AES聚合物之共聚物混合物。
8. 含鹵素聚合物,諸如聚氯丁二烯、氯化橡膠、異丁烯-異戊二烯之氯化及溴化共聚物(鹵丁基橡膠)、氯化或磺氯化聚乙烯、乙烯及氯化乙烯之共聚物、表氯醇均聚物及共聚物,尤其含鹵素乙烯基化合物之聚合物,例如聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯以及其共聚物,諸如氯乙烯/偏二氯乙烯、氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯或偏二氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。聚氯乙烯可為剛性或可撓性的(塑化)。
9. 衍生自α,β
-不飽和酸及其衍生物之聚合物,諸如聚丙烯酸酯及聚甲基丙烯酸酯;聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯醯胺及聚丙烯腈,其經丙烯酸丁酯衝擊改質。
10. 9)下所提及之單體彼此或與其他不飽和單體之共聚物,例如丙烯腈/丁二烯共聚物、丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷酯共聚物、丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷氧烷酯或丙烯腈/乙烯基鹵化物共聚物或丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸烷酯/丁二烯三元共聚物。
11. 衍生自不飽和醇及胺或其醯基衍生物或縮醛之聚合物,例如聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚硬脂酸乙烯酯、聚苯甲酸乙烯酯、聚順丁烯二酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇縮丁醛、聚鄰苯二甲酸烯丙酯或聚烯丙基三聚氰胺;以及其與以上1)項中所提及之烯烴的共聚物。
12. 環醚之均聚物及共聚物,諸如聚伸烷二醇、聚氧化乙烯、聚氧化丙烯或其與雙縮水甘油醚之共聚物。
13. 聚縮醛,諸如聚甲醛及含有環氧乙烷作為共聚單體之彼等聚甲醛;經熱塑性聚胺甲酸酯、丙烯酸酯或MBS改質之聚縮醛。
14. 聚苯醚及聚苯硫醚,及聚苯醚與苯乙烯聚合物或聚醯胺之混合物。
15. 一方面為衍生自羥基封端之聚醚、聚酯或聚-丁二烯之聚胺甲酸酯且另一方面為脂族或芳族聚異氰酸酯,以及其前驅體。藉由:(1)二異氰酸酯與短鏈二醇(擴鏈劑)及(2)二異氰酸酯與長鏈二醇(熱塑性聚胺甲酸酯,TPU)之反應形成的聚胺甲酸酯。
16. 衍生自二胺及二羧酸及/或衍生自胺基羧酸或相對應之內醯胺的聚醯胺及共聚醯胺,例如聚醯胺4、聚醯胺6、聚醯胺6/6、6/10、6/9、6/12、4/6、12/12、聚醯胺11、聚醯胺12、自間二甲苯二胺及己二酸開始之芳族聚醯胺; 由己二胺及間苯二甲酸或/及對苯二甲酸製備且具有或不具有彈性體作為改質劑之聚醯胺,例如聚-2,4,4,-三甲基六亞甲基對苯二甲醯胺或聚間伸苯基間苯二甲醯胺;亦及前述聚醯胺與聚烯烴之嵌段共聚物、烯烴共聚物、離子聚合物或化學鍵結或接枝之彈性體;或與聚醚,例如,與聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚伸丁二醇之嵌段共聚物;以及經EPDM或ABS改質之聚醯胺或共聚醯胺;及在加工期間縮合之聚醯胺(RIM聚醯胺系統)。聚醯胺可為非晶形的。
17. 聚脲、聚醯亞胺、聚醯胺醯亞胺、聚醚醯亞胺、聚酯醯亞胺、聚乙內醯脲及聚苯并咪唑。
18. 衍生自二羧酸及二醇及/或衍生自羥基羧酸或相對應之內酯或丙交酯之聚酯,例如聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚-1,4-二羥甲基環己烷對苯二甲酸酯、聚對苯二甲酸丙二酯、聚萘二甲酸伸烷酯及聚羥基苯甲酸酯,以及衍生自羥基封端之聚醚之共聚醚酯,亦及經聚碳酸酯或MBS改質之聚酯。共聚酯可包含例如但不限於:聚丁二酸丁二酯/對苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚己二酸丁二酯/對苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚己二酸丁二酯/對苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚丁二酸丁二酯/己二酸丁二酯、聚丁二酸丁二酯/碳酸丁二酯、聚丁酸3-羥基酯/辛酸3-羥基酯共聚物、聚丁酸3-羥基酯/己酸3-羥基酯/癸酸3-羥基酯三元共聚物。此外,脂族聚酯可包含例如但不限於聚(羥基烷酸酯)類,尤其聚(丙內酯)、聚(丁內酯)、聚(新戊內酯)、聚(戊內酯)及聚(己內酯);聚丁二酸乙二酯、聚丁二酸丙二酯、聚丁二酸丁二酯、聚丁二酸己二酯、聚己二酸乙二酯、聚己二酸丙二酯、聚己二酸丁二酯、聚己二酸己二酯、聚乙二酸乙二酯、聚乙二酸丙二酯、聚乙二酸丁二酯、聚乙二酸己二酯、聚癸二酸乙二酯、聚癸二酸丙二酯、聚癸二酸丁二酯、聚呋喃酸乙二酯及聚乳酸(PLA)以及經聚碳酸酯或MBS改質之相對應之聚酯。術語「聚乳酸(PLA)」表示較佳聚-L-丙交酯及其摻合物或合金中之任一者與其他聚合物的均聚物;乳酸或丙交酯與其他單體之共聚物,該等單體諸如羥基羧酸,如例如乙醇酸、3-羥基-丁酸、4-羥基-丁酸、4-羥基-戊酸、5-羥基-戊酸、6-羥基-己酸及其環狀形式;術語「乳酸」或「丙交酯」包括L-乳酸、D-乳酸、其混合物及二聚體,亦即L-丙交酯、D-丙交酯、內消旋-丙交酯及其任何混合物。較佳聚酯為PET、PET-G、PBT。
19. 聚碳酸酯及聚酯碳酸酯。聚碳酸酯較佳地藉由使雙酚化合物與碳酸化合物特定言之光氣反應或在熔化轉酯化法中,與碳酸二苯酯或碳酸二甲酯反應來製備。基於雙酚A之均聚碳酸酯及基於單體雙酚A及1,1-雙(4-羥苯基)-33,5-三甲基環己烷(雙酚TMC)之共聚碳酸酯尤佳。可用於聚碳酸酯合成之此等及其他雙酚及二醇化合物尤其揭示於WO08037364(第7頁第21行至第10頁第5行)、EP1582549([0018]至[0034])、WO02026862(第2頁第23行至第5頁第15行)、WO05113639(第2頁第1行至第7頁第20行)。聚碳酸酯可為直鏈或分支鏈的。亦可使用分支鏈及非分支鏈聚碳酸酯之混合物。聚碳酸酯之適合分支化劑自文獻已知且描述於例如專利說明書US4185009及DE2500092 (根據本發明之3,3-雙-(4-羥基芳基-羥吲哚),在各情況下參見全文獻)、DE4240313 (參見第3頁第33至55行)、DE19943642 (參見第5頁第25至34行)及US5367044中並且描述於其中所引用之文獻中。所用聚碳酸酯可額外地實質上分支化,在聚碳酸酯製備情形內未在此添加分支劑。實質分支化之實例為所謂的Fries結構,如針對EP1506249中之熔融聚碳酸酯所揭示。鏈終止劑可另外用於聚碳酸酯製備。酚,諸如苯酚;烷基酚,諸如甲酚及4-第三丁基酚、氯苯酚、溴苯酚、異丙苯基苯酚或其混合物較佳用作鏈終止劑。聚酯碳酸酯藉由使已提及之雙酚、至少一種芳族二甲酸及視情況選用之碳酸等效物反應來獲得。適合芳族二甲酸為例如鄰苯二甲酸、對苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸、3,3'-二苯基二甲酸或4,4'-二苯基二甲酸及二苯甲酮-二甲酸。聚碳酸酯中碳酸酯基團之一部分,至多80 mol-%,較佳20至50 mol-%可經芳族二甲酸酯基團置換。
20. 聚酮。
21. 聚碸、聚醚碸及聚醚酮。
22. 一方面衍生自醛類且另一方面衍生自酚類、尿素及三聚氰胺之交聯聚合物,諸如苯酚/甲醛樹脂、尿素/甲醛樹脂及三聚氰胺/甲醛樹脂。
23. 脫水及非脫水醇酸樹脂。
24. 衍生自飽和及不飽和二羧酸與多元醇之共聚酯且以乙烯基化合物作為交聯劑之不飽和聚酯樹脂,亦及其低可燃性的含鹵素改質物。
25. 衍生自經取代之丙烯酸酯之可交聯丙烯酸系樹脂,例如丙烯酸環氧酯、胺基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯或聚酯丙烯酸。
26. 與三聚氰胺樹脂、尿素樹脂、異氰酸酯、異氰脲酸酯、聚異氰酸酯或環氧樹脂交聯之醇酸樹脂、聚酯樹脂及丙烯酸酯樹脂。
27. 衍生自脂族、環脂族、雜環或芳族縮水甘油基化合物之交聯環氧樹脂,例如雙酚A、雙酚E及雙酚F之二縮水甘油基醚的產物,其在存在或不存在促進劑的情況下與習用硬化劑(諸如酸酐或胺)交聯。
28. 天然聚合物,諸如纖維素、橡膠、明膠及其經化學改質之同系衍生物,例如乙酸纖維素、丙酸纖維素及丁酸纖維素,或諸如甲基纖維素之纖維素醚;以及松香及其衍生物。
29. 前述聚合物之摻合物(聚摻合物),例如PP/EPDM、聚醯胺/EPDM或ABS、PVC/EVA、PVC/ABS、PVC/MBS、PC/ABS、PBTP/ABS、PC/ASA、PC/PBT、PVC/CPE、PVC/丙烯酸酯、POM/熱塑性PUR、PC/熱塑性PUR、POM/丙烯酸酯、POM/MBS、PPO/HIPS、PPO/PA6.6及共聚物、PA/HDPE、PA/PP、PA/PPO、PBT/PC/ABS或PBT/PET/PC。
30. 為純單體化合物或該等化合物之混合物的天然存在及合成有機材料,例如礦物油、動物及植物脂肪、油及蠟或基於合成酯(例如鄰苯二甲酸酯、己二酸酯、磷酸酯或偏苯三酸酯)之油、脂肪及蠟亦及任何重量比之合成酯與礦物油之混合物,通常為用作自旋組合物之彼等物及此類材料之水性乳液。
31. 天然或合成橡膠之水性乳液,例如苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物之天然乳膠或膠乳。
32. 黏著劑,例如嵌段共聚物,諸如SIS、SBS、SEBS、SEPS (S表示苯乙烯,I表示異戊二烯,B表示聚丁二烯,EB表示乙烯/丁烯嵌段,EP表示聚乙烯/聚丙烯嵌段)。
33. 橡膠,例如共軛二烯之聚合物,例如聚丁二烯或聚異戊二烯、單烯烴及二烯烴彼此或與其他乙烯基單體之共聚物、苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯與二烯或與丙烯酸衍生物之共聚物、氯化橡膠、天然橡膠。
34. 彈性體,例如天然聚異戊二烯(順式-1,4-聚異戊二烯天然橡膠(NR)及反式-1,4-聚異戊二烯馬來樹膠(gutta-percha)),合成聚異戊二烯(IR表示異戊二烯橡膠),聚丁二烯(BR表示丁二烯橡膠),氯丁二烯橡膠(CR),聚氯丁二烯,新平橡膠(Neoprene),Baypren等;丁基橡膠(異丁烯與異戊二烯之共聚物,IIR),鹵化丁基橡膠(氯丁基橡膠:CIIR;溴丁基橡膠:BIIR),苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠(苯乙烯與丁二烯之共聚物,SBR);腈橡膠(丁二烯與丙烯腈之共聚物,NBR,亦稱為布納N (Buna N)橡膠);經氫化之腈橡膠(HNBR) Therban及Zetpol;EPM (乙丙橡膠,乙烯與丙烯之共聚物)及EPDM橡膠(乙烯丙烯二烯橡膠,乙烯、丙烯與二烯組分之三元共聚物),表氯醇橡膠(ECO),聚丙烯酸橡膠(ACM、ABR),聚矽氧橡膠(SI、Q、VMQ),氟矽橡膠(FVMQ),氟彈性體(FKM及FEPM) Viton、Tecnoflon、Fluorel、Aflas及Dai-El,全氟彈性體(FFKM)Tecnoflon PFR、Kalrez、Chemraz、Perlast,聚醚嵌段醯胺(PEBA),氯磺化聚乙烯(CSM)、(Hypalon),乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA),熱塑彈性體(TPE),蛋白質節枝彈性蛋白及彈性蛋白、聚硫橡膠、Elastolefin(用於織物產生中之彈性纖維)。
35. 熱塑性彈性體,例如苯乙烯類嵌段共聚物(TPE-s)、熱塑性烯烴(TPE-o)、彈性合金(TPE-v或TPV)、熱塑性聚胺甲酸酯(TPU)、熱塑性共聚酯、熱塑性聚醯胺、反應器TPO(R-TPO)、聚烯烴塑性體(POP)、聚烯烴彈性體(POE)。
最佳為熱塑性聚合物,如聚烯烴及其共聚物。
本發明之成型人工聚合物物品例如藉由以下加工步驟中之一者製備:
注射吹塑模製、擠塑、吹塑模製、旋轉模製、模內裝飾(背部注入)、凝塑模製、注射模製、共注射模製、吹塑模製、成型、壓縮模製、樹脂轉注模製、按壓、薄膜擠塑(鑄造薄膜;吹塑薄膜)、纖維紡絲(編織、非編織)、拉伸(單軸、雙軸)、退火、深拉伸、壓延、機械轉型、燒結、共擠塑、層壓、交聯(輻射、過氧化物、矽烷)、氣相沈積、焊接、膠接、硫化、熱成型、管擠塑、型面擠塑、薄片擠塑;薄片鑄造、搭接、發泡、再循環/再製、減黏裂化(過氧化物、熱)、纖維熔噴、紡黏、表面處理(電暈放電、燃燒、電漿)、滅菌(藉由γ射線、電子射束)、條帶擠塑、拉擠、SMC加工或塑性溶膠。
本發明之另一實施例為成型人工聚合物物品,其中聚合物為合成聚合物及/或天然或合成彈性體,且其中聚合物含有如本文中所定義之多孔金屬氧化物微球體。關於此類物品,本文中所給出之定義及偏好應適用。
較佳地,成型人工聚合物物品為擠塑、澆鑄、紡絲、模製或壓延成型人工聚合物物品。
根據本發明之物品之實例為:
I-1) 浮動裝置,船舶應用,浮筒,浮標,用於甲板、碼頭、船、小輕艇、槳及海灘加固件之塑膠板材。
I-2) 汽車應用,內部應用,外部應用,尤其飾板、保險桿、儀錶板、電池、後內襯及前內襯、引擎蓋下之模製品部分、帽架、後備箱內襯、內部內襯、氣囊覆蓋物、配件(燈)之電子模製品、儀錶板之邊框、前燈玻璃、儀錶面板、外部內襯、裝飾物、自動燈、前燈、停車燈、後燈、止動燈、內部及外部飾板;門板;油箱;前擋風玻璃(glazing front side);後窗;座椅靠背、外部面板、絕緣線、用於密封之型面擠出物、包層、柱蓋(pillar covers)、底盤零件、抽氣系統、燃料過濾器/加油器、燃料泵、燃料箱、車身側面成型物、敞篷車頂、外後視鏡、外飾、緊固件/固定件、前端模組、玻璃、鉸鏈、鎖定系統、行李/車頂托架、按壓/衝壓零件(pressed/stamped parts)、密封件、側撞保護、減聲器/隔音器及天窗、門浮雕裝飾板(door medallion)、中控台、儀錶面板、座椅、車架、蒙皮、加固之汽車應用、纖維加固之汽車應用、具有填充聚合物之汽車應用、具有不飽和聚合物之汽車應用。
I-3) 道路交通裝置,尤其為路標、用於道路標記之支柱、汽車配件、三角警示牌、醫療箱、頭盔、輪胎。
I-4) 用於運輸或公共交通之裝置。用於飛機、鐵路、電動車(汽車、摩托車)、卡車、輕型卡車、公交車、有軌電車、自行車之裝置,包括裝飾。
I-5) 用於太空應用(尤其火箭及衛星)之裝置,例如重返大氣層護罩(reentry shield)。
I-6) 用於架構與設計、採礦應用、靜聲系統、街道庇護區及避難所之裝置。
II-1) 一般電氣設備、箱及覆蓋物及電器/電子裝置(個人電腦、電話、攜帶型電話、印表機、電視機、音訊及視訊裝置)、花盆、衛星TV碗狀物及面板裝置。
II-2) 用於諸如鋼或織物之其他材料的護套。
II-3) 用於電子工業之裝置,尤其用於插頭(尤其電腦插頭)之絕緣之裝置、用於電器及電子零件之外殼、印刷板及用於電子資料儲存(諸如晶片、核對卡或信用卡)之材料。
II-4) 電氣設備,尤其洗衣機、滾筒、烤箱(微波爐)、洗碗機、攪拌機及熨斗。
II-5) 燈(例如路燈、台燈)罩。
II-6) 在電線及電纜(半導體、絕緣體及電纜護套)中之應用。
II-7) 用於冷凝器、冰箱、加熱裝置、空調、封裝電子器件、半導體、咖啡機及真空吸塵器之箔片。
III-1) 諸如嵌齒輪(齒輪)、滑動配件、隔片、螺桿、螺釘、手柄及旋鈕之技術物品。
III-2) 轉子葉片、通風器及風車輪葉、太陽能裝置、壁櫥、衣櫥、分隔壁(dividing walls)、板條壁(slat walls))、摺疊壁(folding walls)、屋頂、百葉窗(例如,捲簾百葉窗)、配件,管件、套管及傳送帶之間的接頭。
III-3)衛生物件(Sanitary articles),尤其流動廁所、淋浴隔間、盥洗室座椅、馬桶蓋及水槽。
III-4) 衛生物品(Hygienic articles),尤其尿布(嬰兒、成人失禁)、女性衛生物品、淋浴簾幕、刷子、墊子、浴盆、流動廁所、牙刷及便盆。
III-5) 用於水、廢水及化學品之管件(交聯或不交聯)、用於電線及電纜保護之管件、用於氣體、油及污水之管件、排水管、下降管及排水系統。
III-6) 任何幾何結構之型材(窗玻璃板),包層及板壁。
III-7) 玻璃替代物,特定言之擠壓板、建築物玻璃(整體、雙層或多層)、飛機、學校、擠壓片材、用於建築玻璃之窗膜、火車、運輸及衛生物件。
III-8) 板材(壁、切割板)、筒倉、木材替代物、塑膠板材、木質複合物、壁、表面、傢俱、裝飾箔、覆地板物(內部及外部應用)、地板、活動舖板(duck board)及瓷磚。
III-9) 進氣歧管及排氣歧管。
III-10) 水泥、混凝土、複合物應用及覆蓋物、板壁及包層、扶手、欄桿、廚房操作台、屋頂、屋頂板(roofing sheet)、瓷磚及防水布。
IV-1) 板(牆壁及砧板)、托盤、人工草坪、阿斯特羅人造草皮(astroturf)、用於體育場跑道(田徑運動)之人工覆蓋物、用於體育場跑道(田徑運動)之人造地板及條帶。
IV-2) 連續及短纖維編織物、纖維(地毯/衛生物品/土工織物/單絲;濾膜;擦拭物/簾幕(遮光)/醫學應用)、散裝纖維(應用,諸如長袍/防護衣服)、網、繩索、電纜、弦、繩、線材、安全帶、衣服、內衣、手套;靴子;橡膠靴、貼身衣物、服裝、游泳衣、運動衣、傘(太陽傘、遮陽傘)、降落傘、滑翔傘、帆、「氣球綢(balloon-silk)」、露營物品、帳篷、氣墊床、日光浴床、集裝袋及袋。
IV-3) 用於屋頂、土工膜、隧道、垃圾堆、池塘之膜、絕緣材料、覆蓋物及密封件,牆壁屋頂膜、土工膜、游泳池、游泳池襯墊、池襯墊、池塘襯墊、窗簾(遮光物)/日光遮罩、遮陽篷、遮篷、壁紙、食品包裝及包覆材料(可撓性及堅固型)、醫藥包裝(可撓性及堅固型)、安全氣囊/安全帶、扶手及頭枕、地毯、中控台、儀錶盤、駕駛艙、門、頂置控制台模組、門飾板、車頂內襯、內部照明、內後視鏡、置物架、後部行李蓋板、座椅、駕駛桿、方向盤、紡織物及後備箱飾板。
V-1) 薄膜(封裝、硬質封裝、轉儲、層壓、捆包、游泳池、垃圾袋、牆紙、拉伸薄膜、酒椰葉纖維(raffia)、海水淡化薄膜)、電池組及連接件。
V-2) 農業薄膜(溫室覆蓋物、隧道、多隧道、微小隧道、「骨架結構(raspa y amagado)」、多跨低步隧道、高隧道、護根、青貯料、筒
倉袋、筒
倉伸縮、薰蒸、氣泡、邊條、溫室薄膜(solawrap)、熱捆綁包裹物、拉伸捆綁包裹物、養殖場、薄膜導管),尤其在存在農用化學品之密集應用的情況下;其它農業應用(例如非編織土壤覆蓋物、網(由條帶、複絲及其組合製成)、防水布。此類農業薄膜可為單層結構或多層結構,通常由三層、五層或七層製成。此可產生以下薄膜結構,如:A-B-A、A-B-C、A-B-C-B-A、A-B-C-B-D、A-B-C-D-C-B-A、A-A-B-C-B-A-A。A、B、C、D代表不同聚合物及增黏劑。然而,相鄰層亦可經耦接以使得最終薄膜物品可由偶數個層製成,亦即,兩個、四個或六個層,諸如A-A-B-A、A-A-B-B、A-A-B-A-A、A-B-B-A-A、A-A-B-C-B、A-A-B-C-A-A及其類似層。
V-3) 條帶
V-4) 泡沫(密封、絕緣、障壁)、運動及休閒墊。
V-5) 密封劑
VI-1) 食品包裝及包裹(可撓性及堅固型)、BOPP、BOPET、瓶子。
VI-2) 儲存系統,諸如箱(板條箱)、行李箱、櫃子、家用盒、托盤、容器、架子、軌道、螺釘箱、包裝及罐子。
VI-3) 濾筒、注射器、醫療應用、用於任何運輸之容器、廢物筐及廢物箱、廢物袋、箱子、垃圾箱、垃圾箱襯袋、有輪箱、一般容器、用於水/廢水/化學物質/氣體/油/汽油/柴油之槽;槽襯袋、盒、板條箱、電池外殼、凹槽、諸如活塞之醫療裝置、眼科應用、診斷裝置及用於藥劑泡殼之包裝。
VII-1) 任何種類之家用物品(例如電氣設備、熱水瓶/衣服掛鉤)、固定系統(諸如插頭、電線及電纜夾)、拉鏈、閉合件、鎖及按扣封口。
VII-2) 支撐裝置、用於休閒時間之物品、諸如運動裝置及健身裝置、體操墊、滑雪靴、直排輪滑鞋、滑雪板、小滑雪板(big foot)、運動表面(例如網球地面);螺旋蓋、瓶子之蓋子及塞子,及金屬罐。
VII-3) 一般傢俱、泡沫物品(靠墊、緩衝器)、泡沫、海綿、抹布、墊子、花園椅、體育場座椅、桌、沙發、玩具、建築套件(板/圖/球)、遊戲房、滑板及玩具汽車。
VII-4) 用於光學及磁性資料存儲之材料。
VII-5) 廚房器皿(進食、飲用、烹飪、儲存)。
VII-6) 用於CD、盒帶及視訊帶之箱;DVD電子物品、任何種類之辦公用品(圓珠筆、郵票及印泥、滑鼠、架子、軌道)、任何體積及含量之瓶子(飲料、清潔劑、包括香水之化妝品)及膠帶。
VII-7) 鞋類(鞋/鞋底)、鞋墊、鞋套、黏著劑、結構黏著劑、食品盒(水果、蔬菜、肉、魚)、合成紙、瓶子之標籤、沙發、人工關節(人)、印刷板(柔性凸版)、印刷電路板及顯示器技術。
VII-8)填充聚合物(滑石、白堊、瓷土(高嶺土)、矽灰石、顏料、碳黑、TiO2
、雲母、奈米複合物、白雲石、矽酸鹽、玻璃、石棉)之裝置。
成型人工聚合物物品較佳為薄膜、管件、電纜、條帶、薄片、容器、框架、纖維或單絲。
本發明之另一較佳實施例為薄膜,通常用吹塑擠塑技術獲得。尤其關注單層薄膜或三、五或七層之多層薄膜。薄塑膠薄膜在農業中最重要之應用為作為用於溫室及隧道之覆蓋物以使作物在受保護環境中種植。
本發明之另一實施例為一種擠塑、澆鑄、紡絲、模製或壓延聚合物組合物,其包含合成聚合物及/或天然或合成彈性體及如本文所定義之多孔金屬氧化物微球體。關於此類組合物,本文中所給出之定義及偏好應適用。
多孔金屬氧化物球體較佳以該組合物之重量計以0.01 wt%至40.0 wt%、尤其0.01 wt%至20.0 wt%之量存在於擠塑、澆鑄、紡絲、模製或壓延之聚合物組合物中。更佳的為0.1 wt%至20.0 wt%,尤其0.1 wt%至10.0 wt%之濃度。極佳的為0.25 wt%至10.0 wt%,尤其0.5 wt%至10.0 wt%之濃度。
擠塑、澆鑄、紡絲、模製或壓延聚合物組合物及成型人工聚合物物品可包含相對於擠塑、澆鑄、紡絲、模製或壓延聚合物組合物或物品之重量,0.001重量%至30重量%、較佳0.005重量%至20重量%、尤其0.005重量%至10重量%之量的至少一種其他添加劑。實例列於以下:
1.
抗氧化劑
1.1. 烷基化單苯酚 ,
例如2,6-二-第三丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2-第三丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二-第三丁基-4-乙基苯酚、2,6-二-第三丁基-4-正丁基苯酚、2,6-二-第三丁基-4-異丁基苯酚、2,6-二環戊基-4-甲基苯酚、2-(α-甲基環己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二(十八烷基)-4-甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三環己基苯酚、2,6-二-第三丁基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚、側鏈中為直鏈或分支鏈之壬基苯酚,例如2,6-二-壬基-4-甲基苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1'-甲基十一烷-1'-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1'-甲基十七烷-1'-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1'-甲基十三烷-1'-基)苯酚及其混合物。
1.2. 烷基硫基甲基苯酚 ,
例如2,4-二辛基硫基甲基-6-第三丁基苯酚、2,4-二辛基硫基甲基-6-甲基苯酚、2,4-二辛基硫基甲基-6-乙基苯酚、2,6-二-十二烷基硫基甲基-4-壬基苯酚。
1.3. 對苯二酚及烷基化對苯二酚 ,
例如 2,6-二-第三丁基-4-甲氧基-苯酚、2,5-二-第三丁基對苯二酚、2,5-二-第三戊基對苯二酚、2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚、2,6-二-第三丁基對苯二酚、2,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基甲氧苯、3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基甲氧苯、硬脂酸3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥苯基酯、己二酸雙(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥苯基)酯。
1.4. 生育酚 ,
例如 α-生育酚、β
-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚及其混合物(維生素E)。
1.5. 羥基化硫基二苯基醚 ,
例如 2,2'-硫基雙(6-第三丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2'-硫基雙(4-辛基苯酚)、4,4'-硫基雙(6-第三丁基-3-甲基苯酚)、4,4'-硫基雙(6-第三丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、4,4'-硫基雙(3,6-二-第二戊基苯酚)、二硫化4,4'-雙(2,6-二甲基-4-羥苯基)。
1.6. 亞烷基雙酚 ,
例如 2,2'-亞甲基雙(6-第三丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2'-亞甲基雙(6-第三丁基-4-乙基苯酚)、2,2'-亞甲基雙[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基環己基) 苯酚]、2,2'-亞甲基雙(4-甲基-6-環己基苯酚)、2,2'-亞甲基雙(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2'-亞甲基雙(4,6-二-第三丁基苯酚)、2,2'-亞乙基雙(4,6-二-第三丁基苯酚)、2,2'-亞乙基雙(6-第三丁基-4-異丁基苯酚)、2,2'-亞甲基雙[6-(α-甲基苯甲基)-4-壬基苯酚]、2,2'-亞甲基雙[6-(α,α-二甲基苯甲基)-4-壬基苯酚]、4,4'-亞甲基雙(2,6-二-第三丁基苯酚)、4,4'-亞甲基雙(6-第三丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、1,1-雙(5-第三丁基-4-羥基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、2,6-雙(3-第三丁基-5-甲基-2-羥基苯甲基)-4-甲基苯酚、1,1,3-三(5-第三丁基-4-羥基-2-甲基苯基) 丁烷、1,1-雙(5-第三丁基-4-羥基-2-甲基-苯基)-3-正十二烷基巰基丁烷、乙二醇雙[3,3-雙(3'-第三丁基-4'-羥苯基)丁酸酯]、雙(3-第三丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基-苯基)二環戊二烯、對苯二甲酸雙[2-(3'-第三丁基-2'-羥基-5'-甲基苯甲基)-6-第三丁基-4-甲基苯基]酯、1,1-雙-(3,5-二甲基-2-羥苯基)丁烷、2,2-雙(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(5-第三丁基-4-羥基2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二烷基巰基丁烷、1,1,5,5-四-(5-第三丁基-4-羥基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
1.7. O- 、 N- 及 S- 苯甲基化合物 ,
例如 3,5,3',5'-四-第三丁基-4,4'-二羥基二苯甲基醚、4-羥基-3,5-二甲基苯甲基巰基乙酸十八烷酯、4-羥基-3,5-二-第三丁基苯甲基巰基乙酸十三烷酯、三(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲基)胺、二硫基對苯甲酸雙(4-第三丁基-3-羥基-2,6-二甲基苯甲基)酯、硫化雙(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲基)、3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲基巰基乙酸異辛酯。
1.8. 羥基苯甲基化丙二酸酯 ,
例如2,2-雙(3,5-二-第三丁基-2-羥基苯甲基) 丙二酸二-十八烷基-酯、2-(3-第三丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基苯甲基)丙二酸二-十八烷基-酯、2,2-雙 (3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲基)丙二酸二-十二烷基-巰基乙基酯、2,2-雙(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲基)丙二酸雙[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]酯。
1.9. 芳族羥基苯甲基化合物 ,
例如1,3,5-三(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、1,4-雙(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲基)苯酚。
1.10. 三嗪化合物 ,
例如2,4-雙(辛基巰基)-6-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巰基-4,6-雙(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巰基-4,6-雙(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪、異氰尿酸1,3,5-三(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲基)酯、異氰尿酸1,3,5-三(4-第三丁基-3-羥基-2,6-二甲基苯甲基)酯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥苯基乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥苯基丙醯基)-六氫-1,3,5-三嗪、異氰尿酸1,3,5-三(3,5-二環己基-4-羥基苯甲基)酯。
1.11. 苯甲基膦酸酯 ,
例如2,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲基膦酸二甲酯、3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲基膦酸二乙酯、3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲基膦酸二(十八烷基)酯、5-第三丁基-4-羥基-3-甲基苯甲基膦酸二(十八烷基)-酯、3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲基膦酸之單乙酯之鈣鹽。
1.12. 醯胺基苯酚,
例如4-羥基月桂醯苯胺、4-羥基十八醯苯胺、N-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥苯基)胺基甲酸辛酯。
1.13. β-(3,5- 二 - 第三丁基 -4- 羥苯基 ) 丙酸
與單元醇或多元醇形成之酯,例如與甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、異辛醇、十八醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫基二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、異氰尿酸三(羥乙基)酯、N,N'-雙(羥乙基)草醯胺、3-硫雜十一烷醇、3-硫雜十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羥甲基丙烷、4-羥甲基-1-磷雜-2,6,7-三氧雜雙環[2.2.2]辛烷形成之酯。
1.14. β-(5- 第三丁基 -4- 羥基 -3- 甲基苯基 ) 丙酸
與單元醇或多元醇形成之酯,例如與甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、異辛醇、十八醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫基二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、異氰尿酸三(羥乙基)酯、N,N'-雙(羥乙基)草醯胺、3-硫雜十一烷醇、3-硫雜十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羥甲基丙烷、4-羥甲基-1-磷雜-2,6,7-三氧雜雙環[2.2.2]辛烷;3,9-雙[2-{3-(3-第三丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基苯基)丙醯氧基}-1,1-二甲基乙基]-2,4,8,10-四氧雜螺[5.5]十一烷形成之酯。
1.15. β-(3,5- 二環己基 -4- 羥苯基 ) 丙酸與單元醇或多元醇
形成之酯 ,
例如與甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫基二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、異氰尿酸三(羥乙基)酯、N,N'-雙(羥乙基)草醯胺、3-硫雜十一烷醇、3-硫雜十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羥甲基丙烷、4-羥甲基-1-磷雜-2,6,7-三氧雜雙環[2.2.2]辛烷形成之酯。
1.16. 3,5- 二 - 第三丁基 -4- 羥苯基乙酸
與單元醇或多元醇形成之酯,例如與甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫基二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、異氰尿酸三(羥乙基)酯、N,N'-雙(羥乙基)草醯胺、3-硫雜十一烷醇、3-硫雜十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羥甲基丙烷、4-羥甲基-1-磷雜-2,6,7-三氧雜雙環[2.2.2]辛烷形成之酯。
1.17. β-(3,5- 二 - 第三丁基 -4- 羥苯基 ) 丙酸之醯胺,
例如N,N'-雙(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥苯基丙醯基)六亞甲基二醯胺、N,N'-雙(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥苯基丙醯基)三亞甲基二醯胺、N,N'-雙(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥苯基丙醯基)醯肼、N,N'-雙[2-(3-[3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥苯基]丙醯氧基)乙基]草醯胺(由Uniroyal供應之Naugard®
XL-1)。
1.18. 抗壞血酸
(維生素C)
1.19. 胺類抗氧化劑 ,
例如 N,N'-二-異丙基-對伸苯基二胺、N,N'-二-第二丁基-對伸苯基二胺、N,N'-雙(1,4-二甲基戊基)-對伸苯基二胺、N,N'-雙(1-乙基-3-甲基戊基)-對伸苯基二胺、N,N'-雙(1-甲基庚基)-對伸苯基二胺、N,N'-二環己基-對伸苯基二胺、N,N'-二苯基-對伸苯基二胺、N,N'-雙(2-萘基)-對伸苯基二胺、N-異丙基-N'-苯基-對伸苯基二胺、N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N'-苯基-對伸苯基二胺、N-(1-甲基庚基)-N'-苯基-對伸苯基二胺、N-環己基-N'-苯基-對伸苯基二胺、4-(對甲苯胺磺醯基)二苯胺、N,N'-二甲基-N,N'-二-第二丁基-對伸苯基二胺、二苯胺、N-烯丙基二苯胺、4-異丙氧基二苯胺、N-苯基-1-萘胺、N-(4-第三辛基苯基)-1-萘胺、N-苯基-2-萘胺、辛基化二苯胺、例如 p,p'-二-第三辛基二苯胺、4-正丁基胺基苯酚、4-丁醯基胺基苯酚、4-壬醯基胺基苯酚、4-十二醯基胺基苯酚、4-十八醯基胺基苯酚、雙(4-甲氧基苯基)胺、2,6-二-第三丁基-4-二甲基胺甲基苯酚、2,4'-二胺基二苯基甲烷、4,4'-二胺基二苯基甲烷、N,N,N',N'-四甲基-4,4'-二胺基二苯基甲烷、1,2-雙[(2-甲基苯基)胺基]乙烷、1,2-雙(苯基胺基)丙烷、(鄰甲苯基)雙胍、雙[4-(1',3'-二甲基丁基)苯基]胺、第三辛基化之N-苯基-1-萘胺、單烷基化及二烷基化之 第三丁基/第三辛基二苯胺之混合物、單烷基化及二烷基化之壬基二苯胺之混合物、單烷基化及二烷基化之十二烷基二苯胺之混合物、單烷基化及二烷基化之異丙基/異己基二苯胺之混合物、單烷基化及二烷基化之第三丁基二苯胺之混合物、2,3-二氫-3,3-二甲基-4H-1,4-苯并噻嗪、啡噻嗪、單烷基化及二烷基化之第三丁基/第三辛基啡噻嗪之混合物、單烷基化及二烷基化之第三辛基-啡噻嗪之混合物、N-烯丙基啡噻嗪、N,N,N',N'-四苯基-1,4-二胺基丁-2-烯。
2. UV
吸收劑及光穩定劑
2.1. 2-(2'- 羥苯基 ) 苯并三唑,
例如 2-(2'-羥基-5'-甲基苯基)-苯并三唑、2-(3',5'-二-第三丁基-2'-羥苯基)苯并三唑、2-(5'-第三丁基-2'-羥苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2'-羥基-5'-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3',5'-二-第三丁基-2'-羥苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑、2-(3'-第三丁基-2'-羥基-5'-甲基苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑、2-(3'-第二丁基-5'-第三丁基-2'-羥苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2'-羥基-4'-辛氧苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3',5'-二-第三戊基-2'-羥苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3',5'-雙-(α,α-二甲基苯甲基)-2'-羥苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3'-第三丁基-2'-羥基-5'-(2-辛氧羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑、2-(3'-第三丁基-5'-[2-(2-乙基己基氧基)-羰基乙基]-2'-羥苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑、2-(3'-第三丁基-2'-羥基-5'-(2-甲氧羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑、2-(3'-第三丁基-2'-羥基-5'-(2-甲氧羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3'-第三丁基-2'-羥基-5'-(2-辛氧羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3'-第三丁基-5'-[2-(2-乙基己基氧基)羰基乙基]-2'-羥苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3'-十二烷基-2'-羥基-5'-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3'-第三丁基-2'-羥基-5'-(2-異辛基氧羰基乙基)苯基苯并三唑、2,2'-亞甲基-雙[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-苯并三唑-2-基苯酚];2-[3'-第三丁基-5'-(2-甲氧羰基乙基)-2'-羥苯基]-2H-苯并三唑與聚乙二醇 300之轉酯化產物;,其中R = 3'-第三丁基-4'-羥基-5'-2H-苯并三唑-2-基苯基、2-[2'-羥基-3'-(α,α-二甲基苯甲基)-5'-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-苯基]苯并三唑;2-[2'-羥基-3'-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-5'-(α,α-二甲基苯甲基)-苯基]苯并三唑。
2.2. 2- 羥基二苯甲酮 ,
例如4-羥基、4-甲氧基、4-辛氧基、4-癸氧基、4-十二烷氧基、4-苯甲氧基、4,2',4'-三羥基及2'-羥基-4,4'-二甲氧基衍生物。
2.3. 經取代及未經取代之苯甲酸之酯 ,
例如柳酸4-第三丁基-苯酯、柳酸苯酯、柳酸辛苯酯、二苯甲醯間苯二酚、雙(4-第三丁基苯甲醯) 間苯二酚、苯甲醯間苯二酚、3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲酸2,4-二-第三丁基苯酯、3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲酸十六烷酯、3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲酸十八烷酯、3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲酸2-甲基-4,6-二-第三丁基苯酯。
2.4. 丙烯酸酯 ,
例如α-氰基-β
,β
-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯、α-氰基-β
,β
-二苯基丙烯酸異辛酯、α-甲氧羰基肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β
-甲基-對甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β
-甲基-對甲氧基-肉桂酸丁酯、α-甲氧羰基-對甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯、N-(β
-甲氧羰基-β
-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基吲哚啉、四(α-氰基-β
,β
-二苯基丙烯酸新戊酯。
2.5. 鎳化合物 ,
例如2,2'-硫-雙[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚]之鎳錯合物,諸如1:1或1:2錯合物,在有或無額外配位體(諸如正丁胺、三乙醇胺或N-環己基二乙醇胺)之情況下;二丁基二硫胺基甲酸鎳;4-羥基-3,5-二-第三丁基苯甲基膦酸之單烷基酯(例如甲基酯或乙基酯)之鎳鹽;酮肟,例如2-羥基-4-甲基苯基十一烷基酮肟之鎳錯合物;1-苯基-4-月桂醯基-5-羥基吡唑之鎳錯合物,在有或無額外配位體之情況下。
2.6. 位阻胺 ,
例如碳酸雙(1-十一烷氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、癸二酸雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、丁二酸雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、癸二酸雙(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、癸二酸雙(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、丙二酸雙(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基) 正丁基-3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲酯、1-(2-羥乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羥基哌啶與丁二酸之縮合物、N,N'-雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亞甲基二胺與4-第三辛胺基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的直鏈或環狀縮合物、氮基三乙酸三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、四甲酸肆(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷酯、1,1'-(1,2-乙二基)-雙(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮)、4-苯甲醯基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、丙二酸雙(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-2-正丁基-2-(2-羥基-3,5-二-第三丁基苯甲基)酯、3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮、癸二酸雙(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯、丁二酸雙(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯、N,N'-雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亞甲基二胺與4-嗎啉基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪之直鏈或環狀縮合物、2-氯-4,6-雙(4-正丁胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪與1,2-雙(3-胺基丙胺基)乙烷之縮合物、2-氯-4,6-二-(4-正丁胺基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪與1,2-雙(3-胺基丙胺基) 乙烷之縮合物、8-乙醯基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮雜螺[4.5] 癸烷-2,4-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯啶-2,5-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯啶-2,5-二酮、4-十六烷氧基-與4-硬脂氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶之混合物、N,N'-雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亞甲基二胺與4-環己胺基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪之縮合物、1,2-雙(3-胺基丙胺基)乙烷與2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪以及4-丁胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶之縮合物 (CAS 註冊號 [136504-96-6] );1,6-己烷二胺與2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪以及N,N-二丁胺與4-丁胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶之縮合物 (CAS 註冊號[192268-64-7]);N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷基丁二醯亞胺、N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷基丁二醯亞胺、2-十一烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧雜-3,8-二氮雜-4-側氧基螺[4,5]癸烷、7,7,9,9-四甲基-2-環十一烷基-1-氧雜-3,8-二氮雜-4-側氧基螺-[4,5]癸烷與表氯醇之反應產物、1,1-雙(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基氧羰基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯、N,N'-雙-甲醯基-N,N'-雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亞甲基二胺、4-甲氧基亞甲基丙二酸與1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-羥基哌啶之二酯、聚[甲基丙基-3-氧基-4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)]矽氧烷、順丁烯二酸酐-α-烯烴共聚物與2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-胺基哌啶或1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-胺基哌啶之反應產物、2,4-雙[N-(1-環己氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)-N-丁胺基]-6-(2-羥乙基)胺基-1,3,5-三嗪、1-(2-羥基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十八醯氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、5-(2-乙基己醯基)氧基甲基-3,3,5-三甲基-2-嗎啉、Sanduvor (Clariant;CAS 註冊號106917-31-1]、5-(2-乙基己醯基)氧基甲基-3,3,5-三甲基-2-嗎啉、2,4-雙[(1-環己氧基-2,2,6,6-哌啶-4-基)丁胺基]-6-氯-s-三嗪與N,N'-雙(3-胺基丙基)伸乙基二胺)之反應產物、1,3,5-三(N-環己基-N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌嗪-3-酮-4-基)胺基)-s-三嗪、1,3,5-三(N-環己基-N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌嗪-3-酮-4-基)胺基)-s-三嗪、(Chimassorb®
2020)(Tinuvin®
NOR 371)
1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三胺,N,N'''-1,6-己烷二基雙[N',N''-二丁基-N,N',N''-三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-與3-溴-1-丙烯之反應產物,經氧化、經氫化;1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三胺,N,N'''-1,6-己烷二基雙[N',N''-二丁基-N,N',N''-三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-,4-哌啶醇,2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-(十一烷氧基)-,4,4'-碳酸酯;1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三胺,N2,N2'-1,6-己烷二基雙[N4,N6-二丁基-N2,N4,N6-三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-,N-烯丙基衍生物,經氧化、經氫化及其組合。
2.7. 草醯苯胺,
例如4,4'-二辛氧基草醯苯胺、2,2'-二乙氧基草醯苯胺、2,2'-二辛氧基-5,5'-二-第三丁草醯苯胺、2,2'-二(十二烷氧基)-5,5'-二-第三丁草醯苯胺、2-乙氧基-2'-乙基草醯苯胺、N,N'-雙(3-二甲基胺基丙基)草醯胺、2-乙氧基-5-第三丁基-2'-乙草醯苯胺及其與2-乙氧基-2'-乙基-5,4'-二-第三丁草醯苯胺之混合物、經鄰甲氧基及對甲氧基雙取代之草醯苯胺之混合物及經鄰乙氧基及對乙氧基雙取代之草醯苯胺之混合物。
2.8. 2-(2- 羥苯基 )-1,3,5- 三嗪,
例如 2,4,6-三(2-羥基-4-辛氧苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羥基-4-辛氧苯基)-4,6-雙(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2,4-二羥苯基)-4,6-雙(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-雙(2-羥基-4-丙氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羥基-4-辛氧苯基)-4,6-雙(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羥基-4-十二烷基氧苯基)-4,6-雙(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羥基-4-十三烷基氧苯基)-4,6-雙(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羥基-4-(2-羥基-3-丁氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-雙(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羥基-4-(2-羥基-3-辛氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-雙(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[4-(十二烷氧基/十三烷氧基-2-羥丙氧基)-2-羥苯基]-4,6-雙(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羥基-4-(2-羥基-3-十二烷氧基丙氧基) 苯基]-4,6-雙(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羥基-4-己氧基) 苯基-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羥基-4-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三[2-羥基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羥丙氧基) 苯基]-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羥苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-{2-羥基-4-[3-(2-乙基己基-1-氧基)-2-羥丙氧基]苯基}-4,6-雙(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-雙(4-[2-乙基己氧基]-2-羥苯基)-6-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(4,6-雙-二苯基-4-基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-5-(2-乙基-(正)己氧基)苯基;十二烷二酸、1,12-雙[2-[4-(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-3-羥基苯氧基]乙基]酯 (CAS 第1482217-03-7號)。
3. 金屬去活化劑,
例如 N,N'-二苯基草醯胺、N-柳醛-N'-柳醯基肼、N,N'-雙(柳醯基)肼、N,N'-雙(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥苯基丙醯基)肼、3-柳醯基胺基-1,2,4-三唑、雙(苯亞甲基) 乙二醯基二醯肼、草醯苯胺、異酞醯二醯肼、癸二醯基雙苯基醯肼、N,N'-二乙醯基己二醯基二醯肼、N,N'-雙(柳醯基)乙二醯基二醯肼、N,N'-雙(柳醯基)硫丙醯基二醯肼。
4. 亞磷酸酯及亞膦酸二酯 ,
例如亞磷酸三苯酯、亞磷酸二苯基烷酯、亞磷酸苯基二烷酯、亞磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、亞磷酸三月桂酯、亞磷酸三(十八烷基)酯、二硬脂基季戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、亞磷酸三(2,4-二-第三丁基苯基)酯、二異癸基季戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、雙(2,4-二-第三丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、雙(2,4-二-異丙苯基苯基)季戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、雙(2,6-二-第三丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、二異癸氧基季戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、雙(2,4-二-第三丁基-6-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、雙(2,4,6-三(第三丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、三硬脂基山梨糖醇三亞磷酸酯、肆(2,4-二-第三丁基苯基)4,4'-二亞苯基二亞膦酸二酯、6-異辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四-第三丁基-12H-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧雜磷雜八環、雙(2,4-二-第三丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲基亞磷酸酯、雙(2,4-二-第三丁基-6-甲基苯基)乙基亞磷酸酯、6-氟-2,4,8,10-四-第三丁基-12-甲基-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧雜磷雜八環、2,2',2''-氮基[三乙基三(3,3',5,5'-四-第三丁基-1,1'- 聯苯-2,2'-二基)亞磷酸酯]、2-乙基己基(3,3',5,5'-四-第三丁基-1,1'-聯苯-2,2'-二基)亞磷酸酯、5-丁基-5-乙基-2-(2,4,6-三-第三丁基苯氧基)-1,3,2-二氧磷雜環丙烷、亞磷酸、經混合之2,4-雙(1,1-二甲基丙基)苯基與4-(1,1- 二甲基丙基)苯基三酯 (CAS 第939402-02-5號)、與α-氫-β
-羥基聚[氧(甲基-1,2-乙二基)],C10-16 烷基酯形成之亞磷酸,三苯基酯聚合物(CAS 第1227937-46-3號)。
5. 羥胺 ,
例如 N,N-二苯甲基羥胺、N,N-二乙基羥胺、N,N-二辛基羥胺、N,N-二月桂基羥胺、N,N-二(十四烷基)羥胺、N,N-二(十六烷基)羥胺、N,N-二(十八烷基)羥胺、N-十六烷基-N-十八烷基羥胺、N-十七烷基-N-十八烷基羥胺、衍生自氫化動物脂胺之N,N-二烷基羥胺。
6. 硝酮 ,
例如N-苯甲基-α-苯基硝酮、N-乙基-α-甲基硝酮、N-辛基-α-庚基硝酮、N-月桂基-α-十一烷基硝酮、N-十四烷基-α-十三烷基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-十七烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十六烷基硝酮、來自衍生自氫化動物脂胺之N,N-二烷基羥胺之硝酮。
7. 硫代增效劑,
例如硫代二丙酸二月桂酯、硫代二丙酸二肉豆蔻酯、硫代二丙酸二硬脂基酯、季戊四醇肆[3-(十二烷硫基)丙酸酯]或二硫化二硬脂基。
8. 過氧化物清除劑 ,
例如β
-硫基二丙酸之酯,例如月桂基、硬脂基、肉豆蔻基或十三烷酯,巰基苯并咪唑或2-巰基-苯并咪唑之鋅鹽,二丁基二硫胺基甲酸鋅,二硫化二(十八烷基),季戊四醇肆(β
-十二烷基巰基)丙酸酯。
9. 聚醯胺穩定劑 ,
例如與碘化物及/或磷化合物組合之銅鹽及二價錳之鹽。
10. 鹼性共穩定劑,
例如三聚氰胺、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、雙氰胺、三聚氰酸三烯丙酯、脲衍生物、肼衍生物、胺、聚醯胺、聚胺甲酸酯、高脂肪酸之鹼金屬鹽及鹼土金屬鹽,例如硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鋅、山崳酸鎂、硬脂酸鎂、蓖麻油酸鈉及棕櫚酸鉀、鄰苯二酚銻或鄰苯二酚鋅。
11. PVC 熱穩定劑,
例如混合金屬穩定劑(諸如鋇/鋅、鈣/鋅類型)、有機錫穩定劑(諸如有機錫巰基酯、有機錫羧酸酯、有機錫硫化物)、鉛穩定劑(諸如三元硫酸鉛、二元硬脂酸鉛、二元鄰苯二甲酸鉛、二元磷酸鉛、硬脂酸鉛)、有機基穩定劑及其組合。
12. 成核劑 ,
例如無機物質,諸如滑石;金屬氧化物,諸如二氧化鈦或氧化鎂;較佳鹼土金屬之磷酸鹽、碳酸鹽或硫酸鹽;有機化合物,諸如單羧酸或聚羧酸及其鹽,例如4-第三丁基苯甲酸、己二酸、二苯基乙酸、丁二酸鈉或苯甲酸鈉;聚合化合物,諸如離子共聚物(離聚物)。尤佳為1,3:2,4-雙(3',4'-二甲基苯亞甲基)山梨糖醇、1,3:2,4-二(對甲基二苯亞甲基)山梨糖醇及1,3:2,4-二(苯亞甲基)山梨糖醇。
13. 填充劑及增強劑,
例如碳酸鈣、矽酸鹽、玻璃纖維、玻璃珠、石棉、滑石、高嶺土、雲母、硫酸鋇、金屬氧化物及氫氧化物、碳黑、石墨、木粉及其他天然產物之粉末或纖維、合成纖維。
14. 塑化劑,
其中該塑化劑選自由以下組成之群:鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異壬酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異癸酯、鄰苯二甲酸二丙基庚酯、苯偏三酸三辛酯、苯偏三酸三(異壬)酯、環氧化大豆油、環己烷-1,2-二甲酸二(異壬)酯、2,4,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇二異丁酸酯。
如根據本發明使用之塑化劑亦可包含選自由以下組成之群中之一者:鄰苯二甲酸酯、偏苯三酸酯、脂族二元酯、聚酯、聚合物、環氧化物、磷酸酯。在一較佳實施例中,該塑化劑選自由以下組成之群:鄰苯二甲酸丁苄酯、鄰苯二甲酸丁基2-乙基己酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異己酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異庚酯、鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異辛酯、鄰苯二甲酸二-正辛酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異壬酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異癸酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異十一酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異十三酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異(C11, C12, C13)酯、鄰苯二甲酸二(正丁)酯、鄰苯二甲酸二(正C7, C9)酯、鄰苯二甲酸二(正C6, C8, C10)酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異(正壬)酯、鄰苯二甲酸二(正C7, C9, C11)酯、鄰苯二甲酸二(正C9, C11)酯、鄰苯二甲酸二(正十一)酯、苯偏三酸三(正C8, C10)酯、苯偏三酸三(2-乙基己)酯、苯偏三酸三(異辛)酯、苯偏三酸三(異壬)酯、己二酸二(正C7, C9)酯、己二酸二(2-乙基己)酯、己二酸二(異辛)酯、己二酸二(異壬)酯、己二酸或戊二酸與丙二醇或丁二醇或2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇之聚酯,諸如環氧化大豆油、環氧化亞麻籽油、環氧化松油之環氧化油,環氧樹脂酸辛酯、環氧樹脂酸2-乙基己酯、磷酸異癸基二苯酯、磷酸三(2-乙基己)酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、對苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯、環己烷-1,2-二甲酸二(異壬)酯及其組合。 在一尤其較佳實施例中,該塑化劑選自由以下組成之群:鄰苯二甲酸二異己酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異庚酯、鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異辛酯、鄰苯二甲酸二-正辛酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異壬酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異癸酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異十一酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異十三酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異(C11, C12, C13)酯、鄰苯二甲酸二(正丁)酯、鄰苯二甲酸二(正C7, C9)酯、鄰苯二甲酸二(正C6, C8, C10)酯、鄰苯二甲酸二異(正壬)酯、鄰苯二甲酸二(正C7, C9, C11)酯、鄰苯二甲酸二(正C9, C11)酯、鄰苯二甲酸二(正十一)酯、苯偏三酸三(正C8, C10)酯、苯偏三酸三(2-乙基己)酯、苯偏三酸三(異辛)酯、苯偏三酸三(異壬)酯、己二酸二(正C7, C9)酯、己二酸二(2-乙基己)酯、己二酸二(異辛)酯、己二酸二(異壬)酯、己二酸或戊二酸與丙二醇或丁二醇或2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇之聚酯、諸如環氧化大豆油之環氧化油、環己烷-1,2-二甲酸二(異壬)酯及其組合。
15. 其他添加劑,
例如塑化劑、潤滑劑、乳化劑、顏料、流變添加劑、催化劑、流動控制劑、光學增亮劑、防焰劑、抗靜電劑及發泡劑。
16. 苯并呋喃酮及吲哚啉酮 ,
例如彼等揭示於U.S. 4,325,863;U.S. 4,338,244;U.S. 5,175,312;U.S. 5,216,052;U.S. 5,252,643;DE-A-4316611;DE-A-4316622;DE-A-4316876;EP-A-0589839,EP-A-0591102;EP-A-1291384或3-[4-(2-乙醯氧基乙氧基)苯基]-5,7-二-第三丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、5,7-二-第三丁基-3-[4-(2-硬脂醯氧基乙氧基)苯基]苯并呋喃-2-酮、3,3'-雙[5,7-二-第三丁基-3-(4-[2-羥基乙氧基]苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮]、5,7-二-第三丁基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(4-乙醯氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二-第三丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,5-二甲基-4-特戊醯氧基苯基)-5,7-二-第三丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二-第三丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(2,3-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二-第三丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(2-乙醯基-5-異辛基苯基)-5-異辛基苯并呋喃-2-酮。
在某些實施例中,本文中所揭示之具有UV吸收功能性的光子材料可塗佈於基板上或併入至基板中,例如塑膠、木材、纖維或織物、陶瓷、玻璃、金屬及其複合產物。
本發明之範疇及關注將基於以下實例來更好地理解,該等實例意欲說明本發明之某些實施例且為非限制性的。
實例
應用實例1至19之UV量測如下進行:
使用Varian 5000 UV-Vis-NIR雙光束分光光度計量測紫外透射譜。將待量測之薄板置放於樣品固持器中且藉由光偵測器在200 nm與800 nm之間以1 nm增量量測透射光。不使用參考光束。藉由阻擋量測光束到達光偵測器來確定0%透射參考。藉由允許光束不受阻地到達光偵測器來確定100%透射參考。
合成實例 1 :
多孔二氧化矽微球體
如下製備苯乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物:將230 mL去離子(DI)水添加至配備有溫度計、冷凝器、磁攪拌及氮氣氛圍之3頸反應燒瓶中。將水加熱至80℃且在攪拌下添加10 g苯乙烯,隨後經由注射器將100 mg丙烯酸溶解於10 mL去離子水中。將100 mg過硫酸銨溶解於10 mL DI水中且經由注射器添加至經攪拌之混合物中。在80℃下攪拌反應混合物持續24小時。使聚合物膠體分散液冷卻至室溫且經由離心純化,產生平均粒度為250 nm之聚苯乙烯奈米球體。
用去離子水將水性聚苯乙烯膠體分散液稀釋至1 wt%,且添加1 wt%二氧化矽奈米粒子,且對混合物進行音波處理以防止粒子聚結。連續油相在氟化油中含有0.1重量%聚乙二醇/全氟聚醚界面活性劑。將水性膠體分散液及油各經由與泵相關聯之注射器注射至具有50 µm小滴接面之微流體裝置中。使系統平衡,直至產生單分散小滴為止。將單分散小滴收集於儲集器中。
將經收集之小滴在45℃下在烘箱中乾燥4小時以提供單分散聚合物模板微球體。藉由將聚合物模板微球體置放於矽晶圓上、經3小時之時段自室溫加熱至500℃、在500℃下保持2小時且經3小時之時段冷卻回至室溫來煅燒該等聚合物模板微球體。提供平均直徑為15微米之單分散二氧化矽微球體。
圖 2
及圖 3
為以類似方式製備之聚合物模板微球體及多孔二氧化矽微球體之掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)圖像。
合成實例 2 :
乾燥方法
重複實例1,其中乾燥步驟採用微波輻射,真空乾燥及/或在乾燥劑存在下乾燥。
合成實例 3 :
經由噴霧乾燥製備多孔二氧化矽微球體
如下製備苯乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物:將230 mL去離子(DI)水添加至配備有溫度計、冷凝器、磁攪拌及氮氣氛圍之3頸反應瓶中。將水加熱至80℃且在攪拌下添加10 g苯乙烯,隨後經由注射器將100 mg丙烯酸溶解於10 mL去離子水中。將100 mg過硫酸銨溶解於10 mL DI水中且經由注射器添加至經攪拌之混合物中。在80℃下攪拌反應混合物持續24小時。使聚合物膠體分散液冷卻至室溫且經由離心純化,產生平均粒度為250 nm之聚苯乙烯奈米球體。
用去離子水將水性聚苯乙烯膠體分散液稀釋至1 wt%,且添加1 wt%二氧化矽奈米粒子,且對混合物進行音波處理以防止粒子聚結。將水性分散液噴霧乾燥以提供包含聚合物奈米球體及二氧化矽之聚合物模板微球體。藉由經3小時之時段將微球體自室溫加熱至500℃、在500℃下保持2小時且經3小時之時段冷卻回至室溫來煅燒該等微球體。提供多孔二氧化矽微球體。
合成實例 4 :
氧化鋅多孔微球體
多孔氧化鋅微球體之樣品根據實例3之程序,用氧化鋅替代二氧化矽且其中聚苯乙烯奈米球體之平均粒度為230 nm且聚合物與氧化鋅之wt/wt比率為1:2來製備。將0.5 mg多孔微球體樣品均勻置放於具有6 cm2
底表面之10 mL透明玻璃小瓶中。樣品對人眼展現明顯的藍色。
合成實例 5 :
二氧化矽/二氧化鈦多孔微球體
根據實例1之方法製備含有二氧化矽及二氧化鈦之多孔微球體樣品,其中聚合物與總金屬氧化物之wt/wt比率為3:1。二氧化矽與二氧化鈦之wt/wt比率為9:1。
應用實例 1 至 3
在240 ml杯中稱量聚丙烯粉末(Profax 6301,12 g/10 min熔體流動速率)。稱量抗氧化劑(Irganox B 215)及合成實例3之多孔二氧化矽微球體且與該粉末混合。各樣品之組分之重量列於下表1中。
表1. 組分之重量及濃度
應用實例 | 聚丙烯(g) | 抗氧化劑(g) | 多孔二氧化矽微球體(g) |
1 | 49.95 | 0.05 | -- |
2 | 49.7 | 0.05 | 0.25 |
3 | 49.2 | 0.05 | 0.75 |
在210℃下將聚合物混合物置放於經預加熱之C. W. Brabender Plasti-Corder中且以50 rpm混合三分鐘以獲得均質熔融混合物。隨後在218℃下將熔融聚合物壓縮模製成250 µm之厚度,於低壓下持續三分鐘,隨後於高壓下持續三分鐘。隨後在壓縮模製機中將模具冷卻三分鐘。自薄片切割5 cm×5 cm正方形以用於UV-Vis量測。
應用實例1至3之UV量測結果展示於圖 5
中。如可見,添加多孔微球體導致透射之明顯減少。
應用實例 4 至 7
在240 ml杯中稱量聚丙烯粉末(Profax 6301,12 g/10 min熔體流動速率)。稱量抗氧化劑(Irganox B 215)、紫外光吸收劑(Tinuvin® PA 328)及合成實例3之多孔二氧化矽微球體且與該粉末混合。各樣品之組分之重量列於下表2中。
表2. 組分之重量及濃度
樣品編號 | 聚丙烯(g) | 抗氧化劑(g) | 紫外光吸收劑(g) | 多孔二氧化矽微球體(g) |
4 | 49.95 | 0.05 | -- | -- |
5 | 49.9 | 0.05 | 0.05 | -- |
6 | 49.65 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.25 |
7 | 49.15 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.75 |
在210℃下將聚合物混合物置放於經預加熱之C. W. Brabender Plasti-Corder中且以50 rpm混合三分鐘以獲得均質熔融混合物。隨後在218℃下將熔融聚合物壓縮模製成250 µm之厚度,於低壓下持續三分鐘,隨後於高壓下持續三分鐘。隨後在壓縮模製機中將模具冷卻三分鐘。自薄片切割5 cm×5 cm正方形以用於UV-Vis量測。
應用實例4至7之UV量測結果展示於圖 6
中。如可見,使用多孔微球體與紫外光吸收劑之混合物導致透射之顯著減少,該透射可甚至在波長的某一範圍內減少接近於零。
應用實例 8 及 9
在240 ml杯中稱量聚丙烯粉末(Profax 6301,12 g/10 min熔體流動速率)。稱量抗氧化劑(Irganox B 215)、紫外光吸收劑(Tinuvin® 326)及合成實例3之多孔二氧化矽微球體且與該粉末混合。各樣品之組分之重量列於下表3中。
表3. 組分之重量及濃度
樣品編號 | 聚丙烯(g) | 抗氧化劑(g) | 紫外光吸收劑(g) | 多孔二氧化矽微球體(g) |
8 | 49.9 | 0.05 | 0.05 | -- |
9 | 49.15 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.75 |
在210℃下將聚合物混合物置放於經預加熱之C. W. Brabender Plasti-Corder中且以50 rpm混合三分鐘以獲得均質熔融混合物。隨後在218℃下將熔融聚合物壓縮模製成250 µm之厚度,於低壓下持續三分鐘,隨後於高壓下持續三分鐘。隨後在壓縮模製機中將模具冷卻三分鐘。自薄片切割5 cm×5 cm正方形以用於UV-Vis量測。
應用實例8至9之UV量測結果展示於圖 7
中。如可見,使用多孔微球體與紫外光吸收劑之混合物導致透射之顯著減少,該透射可甚至在波長的某一範圍內減少接近於零。
應用實例 10 及 11
在240 ml杯中稱量聚丙烯粉末(Profax 6301,12 g/10 min熔體流動速率)。稱量抗氧化劑(Irganox B 215)、紫外光吸收劑(Chimassorb® 81)及合成實例3之多孔二氧化矽微球體且與該粉末混合。各樣品之組分之重量列於下表4中。
表4. 組分之重量及濃度
樣品編號 | 聚丙烯(g) | 抗氧化劑(g) | 紫外光吸收劑(g) | 多孔二氧化矽微球體(g) |
10 | 49.9 | 0.05 | 0.05 | -- |
11 | 49.15 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.75 |
在210℃下將聚合物混合物置放於經預加熱之C. W. Brabender Plasti-Corder中且以50 rpm混合三分鐘以獲得均質熔融混合物。隨後在218℃下將熔融聚合物壓縮模製成250 µm之厚度,於低壓下持續三分鐘,隨後於高壓下持續三分鐘。隨後在壓縮模製機中將模具冷卻三分鐘。自薄片切割5 cm×5 cm正方形以用於UV-Vis量測。
應用實例10及11之UV量測結果展示於圖 8
中。如可見,使用多孔微球體與紫外光吸收劑之混合物導致透射之顯著減少,該透射可甚至在波長的某一範圍內減少接近於零。
應用實例 12 及 13
在240 ml杯中稱量聚丙烯粉末(Profax 6301,12 g/10 min熔體流動速率)。稱量抗氧化劑(Irganox B 215)、紫外光吸收劑(Tinuvin® 1577)及合成實例3之多孔二氧化矽微球體且與該粉末混合。各樣品之組分之重量列於下表5中。
表5. 組分之重量及濃度
樣品編號 | 聚丙烯(g) | 抗氧化劑(g) | 紫外光吸收劑(g) | 多孔二氧化矽微球體(g) |
12 | 49.9 | 0.05 | 0.05 | -- |
13 | 49.15 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.75 |
在210℃下將聚合物混合物置放於經預加熱之C. W. Brabender Plasti-Corder中且以50 rpm混合三分鐘以獲得均質熔融混合物。隨後在218℃下將熔融聚合物壓縮模製成250 µm之厚度,於低壓下持續三分鐘,隨後於高壓下持續三分鐘。隨後在壓縮模製機中將模具冷卻三分鐘。自薄片切割5 cm×5 cm正方形以用於UV-Vis量測。
應用實例12及13之UV量測結果展示於圖 9
中。如可見,使用多孔微球體與紫外光吸收劑之混合物導致透射之顯著減少,該透射可甚至在波長的某一範圍內減少接近於零。
應用實例 14 及 15
在240 ml杯中稱量聚丙烯粉末(Profax 6301,12 g/10 min熔體流動速率)。稱量抗氧化劑(Irganox B 215)、紫外光吸收劑(Uvinul® 3035)及合成實例3之多孔二氧化矽微球體且與該粉末混合。各樣品之組分之重量列於下表6中。
表6. 組分之重量及濃度
樣品編號 | 聚丙烯(g) | 抗氧化劑(g) | 紫外光吸收劑(g) | 多孔二氧化矽微球體(g) |
14 | 49.9 | 0.05 | 0.05 | -- |
15 | 49.15 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.75 |
在210℃下將聚合物混合物置放於經預加熱之C. W. Brabender Plasti-Corder中且以50 rpm混合三分鐘以獲得均質熔融混合物。隨後在218℃下將熔融聚合物壓縮模製成250 µm之厚度,於低壓下持續三分鐘,隨後於高壓下持續三分鐘。隨後在壓縮模製機中將模具冷卻三分鐘。自薄片切割5 cm×5 cm正方形以用於UV-Vis量測。
應用實例14及15之UV量測結果展示於圖 10
中。如可見,使用多孔微球體與紫外光吸收劑之混合物導致透射之顯著減少,該透射可甚至在波長的某一範圍內減少接近於零。
應用實例 16 及 17
在240 ml杯中稱量聚乙烯粉末(Microthene MN 700 LDPE,20 g/10 min熔體流動速率)。稱量抗氧化劑(Irganox B 215)、紫外光吸收劑(Tinuvin® 326)及合成實例3之多孔二氧化矽微球體且與該粉末混合。各樣品之組分之重量列於下表7中。
表7. 組分之重量及濃度
樣品編號 | 聚乙烯(g) | 抗氧化劑(g) | 紫外光吸收劑(g) | 多孔二氧化矽微球體(g) |
16 | 49.9 | 0.05 | 0.05 | -- |
17 | 49.15 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.75 |
在210℃下將聚合物混合物置放於經預加熱之C. W. Brabender Plasti-Corder中且以50 rpm混合三分鐘以獲得均質熔融混合物。隨後在218℃下將熔融聚合物壓縮模製成250 µm之厚度,於低壓下持續三分鐘,隨後於高壓下持續三分鐘。隨後在壓縮模製機中將模具冷卻三分鐘。自薄片切割5 cm×5 cm正方形以用於UV-Vis量測。
應用實例16及17之UV量測結果展示於圖 11
中。如可見,使用多孔微球體與紫外光吸收劑之混合物導致透射之顯著減少,該透射可甚至在波長的某一範圍內減少接近於零。
應用實例 18 及 19
在240 ml杯中稱量聚乙烯粉末(Microthene MN 700 LDPE,20 g/10 min熔體流動速率)。稱量抗氧化劑(Irganox B 215)、紫外光吸收劑(Chimassorb® 81)及合成實例3之多孔二氧化矽微球體且與該粉末混合。各樣品之組分之重量列於下表8中。
表8. 組分之重量及濃度
樣品編號 | 聚乙烯(g) | 抗氧化劑(g) | 紫外光吸收劑(g) | 多孔二氧化矽微球體(g) |
18 | 49.9 | 0.05 | 0.05 | -- |
19 | 49.15 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.75 |
在210℃下將聚合物混合物置放於經預加熱之C. W. Brabender Plasti-Corder中且以50 rpm混合三分鐘以獲得均質熔融混合物。隨後在218℃下將熔融聚合物壓縮模製成250 µm之厚度,於低壓下持續三分鐘,隨後於高壓下持續三分鐘。隨後在壓縮模製機中將模具冷卻三分鐘。自薄片切割5 cm×5 cm正方形以用於UV-Vis量測。
應用實例18及19之UV量測結果展示於圖 12
中。如可見,使用多孔微球體與紫外光吸收劑之混合物導致透射之顯著減少,該透射可甚至在波長的某一範圍內減少接近於零。
斷裂伸長率
本申請案實例之樣品可暴露於Atlas Weather-O-Meter (WOM,按照ASTM G155,在340 nm下為0.35 W/m2,乾燥循環)中以加速光風化。在暴露之後的規定時間間隔下採集薄膜樣品之樣本且進行拉伸測試。藉助於Zwick®
Z1.0恆定速度表面張力計(按照經修改之ISO 527)量測殘餘拉伸強度,以便評估樣品之機械特性之衰減,其係由於其氧化之後的聚合物降解。對於應用實例2、3、6、7、9、11、13、15、17及19的樣品,WOM處理1000小時之後的保留斷裂伸長率(以初始伸長率之%計)大於50%。
在附圖中藉助於實例而非限制之方式說明本文中所描述之本發明。為簡單及清晰說明起見,圖式中所說明之特徵未必按比例繪製。例如,為清晰起見,可相對於其他特徵放大一些特徵之尺寸。此外,在認為合適時,已在圖式中重複參考標記以指示相對應或類似元件。
圖 1
展示用於製備根據本發明之一個實施例之多孔微球體的概要。
圖 2
為根據本發明之一個實施例,聚合物模板微球體之掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)影像。
圖 3
為根據本發明之一個實施例,多孔二氧化矽微球體之SEM影像。
圖 4
為根據本發明之一些實施例之噴霧乾燥法之圖示。
圖 5 至 12
展示作為所指示之應用實例之UV量測結果的透射曲線。
Claims (16)
- 一種多孔金屬氧化物微球體作為用於成型人工聚合物物品之光穩定劑的用途,其中 該聚合物為合成聚合物及/或天然或合成彈性體,且 該等多孔金屬氧化物微球體包含金屬氧化物且藉由包含以下之方法製備 形成聚合物奈米粒子及金屬氧化物之液體分散液; 形成該分散液之小液滴; 乾燥該等小液滴以提供包含聚合物奈米球體及金屬氧化物之聚合物模板微球體;及 自該等模板微球體移除該等聚合物奈米球體以提供該等多孔金屬氧化物微球體,且 其中該等微球體具有 0.5 µm至100 µm之平均直徑, 0.10至0.80之平均孔隙率,及 50 nm至999 nm之平均孔徑。
- 如請求項1之用途,其中該金屬氧化物係選自由以下組成之群:二氧化矽、二氧化鈦、氧化鋁、氧化鋯、二氧化鈰、氧化鐵、氧化鋅、氧化銦、氧化錫、氧化鉻及其組合。
- 如請求項1或2之用途,其中該等多孔金屬氧化物微球體包含以該等微球體之總重量計50.0 wt%至99.9 wt%之金屬氧化物。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之用途,其中該等多孔金屬氧化物微球體具有1 µm至75 µm之平均直徑。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之用途,其中該等多孔金屬氧化物微球體具有0.45至0.65之平均孔隙率。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項之用途,其中該等多孔金屬氧化物微球體具有50 nm至800 nm之平均孔徑。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之用途,其中該等多孔金屬氧化物微球體具有 1 µm至75 µm之平均直徑, 0.45至0.65之平均孔隙率,及 50 nm至800 nm之平均孔徑。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項之用途,其中該等多孔金屬氧化物微球體具有 4.5 µm至9.9 µm之平均直徑; 0.45至0.65之平均孔隙率;及 220 nm至300 nm之平均孔徑。
- 如請求項1至8中任一項之用途,其中該等多孔金屬氧化物微球體以該成型人工聚合物物品之重量計以0.01 wt%至20.0 wt%之濃度使用。
- 如請求項1至9中任一項之用途,其中該等多孔金屬氧化物微球體與一或多種UV吸收劑組合使用,該等UV吸收劑係選自由以下組成之群:2-羥苯基三嗪、苯并三唑、2-羥基二苯甲酮、草醯苯胺、肉桂酸酯及苯甲酸酯。
- 如請求項10之用途,其中該一或多個UV吸收劑以該成型人工聚合物物品之重量計以0.01 wt%至20.0 wt%之濃度使用。
- 如請求項1至11中任一項之用途,其中該成型人工聚合物物品包含受阻胺光穩定劑(HALS)。
- 如請求項1至12中任一項之用途,其中該成型人工聚合物物品為擠塑、澆鑄、紡絲、模製或壓延成型人工聚合物物品。
- 如請求項1至13中任一項之用途,其中該成型人工聚合物物品為薄膜、管件、纜線、條帶、薄片、容器、框架、纖維或單絲。
- 一種成型人工聚合物物品,其中該聚合物為合成聚合物及/或天然或合成彈性體,且其中該聚合物含有如請求項1所定義之多孔金屬氧化物微球體。
- 澆鑄、紡絲、模製或壓延聚合物組合物,其中該聚合物為合成聚合物及/或天然或合成彈性體,且其中該聚合物含有如請求項1中所定義之多孔金屬氧化物微球體。
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-
2020
- 2020-03-09 EP EP20710486.0A patent/EP3938334A1/en active Pending
- 2020-03-09 US US17/605,482 patent/US20220144712A1/en active Pending
- 2020-03-09 JP JP2021553780A patent/JP2022525061A/ja active Pending
- 2020-03-09 WO PCT/EP2020/056173 patent/WO2020182709A1/en unknown
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- 2020-03-09 CA CA3133022A patent/CA3133022A1/en active Pending
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US20220144712A1 (en) | 2022-05-12 |
JP2022525061A (ja) | 2022-05-11 |
KR20210137460A (ko) | 2021-11-17 |
AU2020239186A1 (en) | 2021-09-09 |
BR112021017233A2 (pt) | 2021-11-09 |
EP3938334A1 (en) | 2022-01-19 |
MX2021010990A (es) | 2021-10-01 |
CA3133022A1 (en) | 2020-09-17 |
CN113597416A (zh) | 2021-11-02 |
WO2020182709A1 (en) | 2020-09-17 |
IL286206A (en) | 2021-10-31 |
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