TW201701516A - Multiphysics design for solid state energy devices with high energy density - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for manufacturing a multi-layered solid state battery. The method includes generating spatial information including an anode geometry, a cathode geometry, a electrolyte geometry, a barrier geometry, and one or more current collector geometries. The method also includes storing the spatial information including the anode geometry, the cathode geometry, the electrolyte geometry, the barrier geometry, and the one or more current collector geometries into a database structure. In a specific embodiment, the method includes selecting one or more material properties from a plurality of materials and using the one or more material properties with the spatial information in a simulation program. The method includes outputting one or more performance parameters from the simulation program.

Description

Multiple physical quantities for solid state energy components with high energy density

This disclosure relates to the manufacture of electrochemical cells. More particularly, the present disclosure provides techniques, including methods and apparatus for solid state battery pack devices.

This disclosure relates to the manufacture of electrochemical cells. More particularly, the present disclosure provides techniques, including methods and apparatus for solid state battery pack devices. By way of example only, the present invention has been provided with the use of lithium-based battery cells, but it will be recognized that other battery cells made of materials such as zinc, silver, lead, and nickel may be identical or similar. Mode operation. In addition, these battery packs can be used in a variety of applications, such as portable electronic devices (mobile phones, personal digital assistants, radio players, music players, video cameras, and the like), tablets and laptops. Power supplies for military use (communication, lighting, imaging, satellite, and the like), power supplies for aerospace applications (aircraft, satellite, and micro-aircraft), for vehicle applications (hybrid electric Power supply for vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, all-electric vehicles, electric scooters, water downloaders, boats, large ships, electric walking tractors, and electric motor vehicles on garden devices, for remote control devices Target machine, unmanned aircraft, RC car) Power supply, power supply for robots (mechanical toys, robot vacuum cleaners, robotic tools, robotic building utilities), power tools (electric drills, electric lawn mowers, electrics) Power supply for vacuum cleaners, electric metal working grinders, electric heat guns, electric push-down expansion tools, chainsaws and cutters, electric sandblasters and polishers, electric shears and slicers, and grooving machines Power supply for personal hygiene devices (electric toothbrushes, hand dryers and hair dryers), heaters, coolers, freezers, fans, humidifiers, for other applications (Global Positioning System (GPS) devices, laser surveys) Power supplies for distances, flashlights, electrical street lighting, backup power supplies, uninterruptible power supply systems, and other portable and stationary electronic devices. Methods and systems for the operation of such battery packs are also applicable to the case where the battery pack is not only a power supply in the system, but additional power is supplied by a fuel cell, other battery pack, IC engine or Other combustion devices, capacitors, solar cells, combinations thereof, and others.

Conventional electrochemical cells typically use a liquid electrolyte. These batteries are typically used in many conventional applications. Another option for fabricating electrochemical cells includes solid state batteries. These solid state batteries are generally in this experimental state, are difficult to manufacture, and have not been successfully mass produced. Although promising, solid state batteries have not been achieved due to limitations in battery construction and manufacturing techniques. These and other limitations have been described throughout the specification and more particularly below.

Conventional manufacturing processes for electrodes involve a number of manufacturing processes. That is, the conventional fabrication of the electrode includes casting a paste of a mixture of an active material, a conductive agent, a binder, and a solvent onto a metal substrate to form an electrode. Next, the syrup of the mixture constituting the electrode is dried in a high temperature furnace or at room temperature. The electrodes are laminated to a sufficiently low thickness to ensure good contact among the constituent particles. For electrochemistry Battery performance goals include appropriate specific energy/power and energy/power density, battery and module robustness, safety, aging characteristics, longevity, thermal behavior, and material/shelf life. Unfortunately, limitations exist in the design and manufacture of such electrochemical cells. Achieving these performance goals is done with trial and error, which is lengthy and time consuming. Many times, battery capacity and chemistry are chosen. The amount of material used for the chemistry is selected for the electrode. The material is provided in one of the three configurations. The resulting battery pack is tested to determine if the performance targets have been met, which is generally not a satisfactory condition after repeated trial errors. A single size simulation within the battery pack is performed. The amount of active material used in the electrodes is calculated and recalculated based on the target capacity. Other parameters including electrode thickness, electrolyte composition, and type and concentration of additives are typically adjusted until cycle life and safety objectives are met. Clearly, it is a time consuming, inefficient, and lengthy process.

Several published literature reports attempt to provide systematic and numerical methods for analyzing traditional battery packs. These reports relate to the amount of active material, conductive agent, binder, and the porosity of the electrode, as well as the degree of compression. An innovative approach is described in "CW. Wang, and AM Sestri, Lithium Ion Polymer Battery Group Mesoscale Numerical Simulation, Journal of Electrochemical Society" 154 [1] A1035-A1047 (2007), and Y.- H. Chen, CW. Wang, G. Liu, X.-Y. Song, VS Batalha, and AM Sestri, the choice of conductive agent in the cathode of lithium-ion battery: "Numerical study, the electrochemical Journal of the Society, 154 [2] A978-A986 (2007). Although very successful, these methods are limited. From the above, it is seen that the technique for improving the manufacture of solid state batteries is highly desirable. Therefore, in order to find ways to improve and design electrochemical cells, the overall manufacturing and performance parameters are generally illustrated.

The invention relates to the manufacture of a multilayer solid state battery pack device. More particularly, the present invention provides methods and systems for providing a design and use of the design for the fabrication of a three-dimensional element for a three-dimensional electrochemical cell. By way of example only, the invention has been provided for use with lithium-based solid state batteries, but it will be appreciated that other materials such as zinc, silver, magnesium, copper and nickel can be designed in the same or similar manner. In addition, these battery packs can be used in a variety of applications, such as portable electronic devices (mobile phones, personal digital assistants, radio players, music players, video cameras, and the like), tablets and laptops. Power supplies for military use (communication, lighting, imaging, satellite, and the like), power supplies for aerospace applications (aircraft, satellite, and micro-aircraft), for vehicle applications (hybrid electric Power supply for vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, all-electric vehicles, electric scooters, water downloaders, boats, large ships, electric walking tractors, and electric motor vehicles on garden devices, for remote control devices Power supply for drones, unmanned aircraft, RC cars, power supplies for robots (mechanical toys, robotic vacuum cleaners, robotic tools, robotic building utilities), for power tools (Electric drill, electric lawn mower, electric vacuum cleaner, electric metal working grinder, electric heat gun, electric pressure expansion tool, electric saw and cutter, electric spray Power supply for appliances and polishers, electric shears and slicers, and grooving machines, power supplies for personal hygiene devices (electric toothbrushes, hand dryers and hair dryers), heaters, coolers, freezers , fans, humidifiers, for other applications (Global Positioning System (GPS) devices, laser range finder, flashlights, electrical street lighting, backup power supplies, uninterruptible power supply systems, and other portable and fixed Power supply for stationary electronic devices). The methods and systems for the operation of such battery packs are also applicable to the case where the battery pack is not only a power supply in the system, but The power is supplied by fuel cells, other battery packs, IC engines or other combustion devices, capacitors, solar cells, combinations thereof, and others. The design of these battery packs is also applicable to cases where the battery pack is not the only power supply in the system, and the additional power is through fuel cells, other battery packs, IC engines or other combustion devices, capacitors, Provided by solar cells, etc. By way of example only, the present invention has been provided using finite element analysis or other suitable techniques, numerical analysis methods for multiple physical quantity problems, in which local or entire differential equations are solved simultaneously. In addition, as a partial list, these relationships include mechanical properties and reactions obtained via equilibrium or dynamic loading factors, thermal properties and temperature profiles obtained via heat transfer methods, numerical simulation via dynamic relationships and/or fluid flow. The battery potential and concentration of the type obtained and its transport properties. Methods including finite difference method, boundary element analysis, elemental Golkin method (EFG), or smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) methods can also be used. Some, but not all, representations of the surface and volume produced by a grid, or via a wide range of methodologies, may also be used. The post-processing of the data generated in the solution to the multiple physical quantity problem is generally described using any standard method of excavation and presentation of data, but can be done as a separate step.

In a particular embodiment, an electrochemical cell can be fabricated based on the process of the present invention. One or more embodiments of the present invention provide a systematic process for fabricating a stereoelectrochemical cell by selecting features of the materials of the stereoelectrochemical cells such that one or more of its performance parameters will satisfy the design basis . Such material features include physical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, optical, or chemical characteristics. Such physical characteristics include mass density, crystal structure, stoichiometry, ionic conductivity, diffusivity, and barrier to moisture including moisture permeability (MVTR), water vapor permeability (WVTR), and oxygen transmission rate (OTR). Sex. These mechanical features include modulus, hardness, coefficient of thermal expansion, and concentration expansion coefficient. The Isoelectric characteristics include electronic conductivity, dielectric constant, sheet resistance, and contact resistance. These thermal characteristics include thermal conductivity, specific heat, melting temperature, and evaporation temperature. These optical features include reflectivity. These chemical characteristics include reaction constants, open circuit potentials. Intrinsic features of such electrochemical cells include layer thickness, layer width, layer length, layer spacing, interfacial interaction of the tie layers, shape of each layer, defect size, defect distribution, defect material, layer material type. The choice of electrochemical equilibrium or dynamic load factors also affects these battery performance parameters. These performance parameters include lifetime, safety/physical/mechanical/chemical/thermal/ion concentration, voltage size distribution, state of charge, degree of intercalation, achievable capacitance under various discharge rates or discharge size distributions. Degree, stress caused by intercalation, or volume change. In yet another alternative embodiment, the present invention provides a method for fabricating a multi-layer solid state battery pack apparatus, the method comprising: generating spatial information for each layer of geometry. The method also includes storing spatial information including the geometry of each layer into the database structure. In a particular embodiment, the method includes selecting one or more material properties from the plurality of materials and using one or more material properties having the spatial information in the simulation program. In a particular embodiment, the method also includes outputting one or more performance parameters by the simulation program. The multi-layer solid-state battery device includes a plurality of solid-state battery cells numbered from 1 to N, each of the solid-state battery cells including a first current collector overlapping the substrate member, and a cathode device overlapping the first current collector And an electrolyte device overlapping the first current collector, an anode device overlapping the electrolyte device, and a second current collector overlapping the anode device, each of the plurality of solid state battery cells being operable in a charged state.

Still further, the present invention provides a computer-aided system for processing information about a multi-layer solid state battery pack apparatus, the system comprising: one or more computer readable memories, the one or more computer readable memories comprising: One or more computer codes for output Comparing a computer generated relationship between one or more first features referenced by one or more second features of the selected set of materials for use in the design of a stereoscopic spatial component in a stereoelectrochemical cell . One or more code systems are for one or more of the first feature or the second feature selected for the selected set of materials. One or more code systems are for processing the one or more selected first or second features to determine whether the one or more first or second features are within one or more predetermined performance parameters. One or more code systems are directed to executing a program for processing the one or more first features or second features to provide the stereoscopic electrochemical cell.

The benefits of winning over traditional technology are achieved. In one or more embodiments, the method and system take a non-traditional approach to designing the use of electrochemical or other materials for a selected battery stack architecture, which is traditionally used at the end of a design process and Not a starting point. In a particular embodiment, the method and system design an architecture and then determine electrochemical and other parameters. Accordingly, we have been able to systematically produce cost-effective design and manufacturing processes to meet performance objectives such as performance, reliability, safety, life cycle, recycling and reuse, cost, and other factors. In accordance with the present invention, conventional computer software and hardware can be used to select one or more electrochemical (anode/cathode and electrolyte) computer-aided designs for the selected design architecture.

In a preferred embodiment, the method and system can simulate design and processing, such as packaging in a three-dimensional space, and use computer-aided hardware and analysis techniques, such as mesh generation of objects having irregular geometries, while It has 32 gigabytes and a large memory size, and 3 GHz and a large processing rate. Thus, the irregular shaped object includes, among other things, a sinusoidal shape and an ellipsoidal shape. Other benefits include its ability to be rationally designed and combined with a combination of materials to produce an electrochemical cell in the desired configuration. These designs sequentially give superior performance to the designed battery pack and eliminate costly trial and error in the structure of the prototype battery. Depending on the particular embodiment However, one or more of these benefits can be achieved.

In the case of conventional process technology, the present invention achieves these benefits and others. However, a further understanding of the nature and advantages of the present invention can be realized by referring

1‧‧‧ computer

2‧‧‧ keyboard

3‧‧‧ Mouse

4‧‧‧ display device

5‧‧‧Storage device

6‧‧‧Bridge unit

7‧‧‧ memory unit

8‧‧‧ device

12‧‧‧ Tools

13‧‧‧ inherent properties

14‧‧‧Material properties

15‧‧‧Logic

16‧‧‧Database structure

17‧‧‧Electrostatic load

18‧‧‧ Manufacturing parameters

19‧‧‧Material properties

20‧‧‧Control equation

21‧‧‧Boundary equation

22‧‧‧Grid algorithm

23‧‧‧Solver Algorithm

24‧‧‧ Post-Processing Algorithm

25‧‧‧simulation program

26‧‧‧Geometry information

27‧‧‧Electrostatic load

33‧‧‧Anode collector

34‧‧‧Anode

35‧‧‧ Electrolytes

36‧‧‧ cathode

37‧‧‧Cathode current collector

38‧‧‧Anode collector

39‧‧‧ Electrolytes

40‧‧‧Anode

41‧‧‧ cathode

42‧‧‧Cathode Collector

43‧‧‧Anode collector

44‧‧‧ Electrolytes

45‧‧‧Anode

46‧‧‧ cathode

47‧‧‧Cathode Collector

1701‧‧‧ mandrel

1703‧‧‧Battery battery

1704‧‧‧Roller

1705‧‧‧Roller

1706‧‧‧Roller

1801‧‧‧Drums

1802‧‧‧Battery battery

1803‧‧‧ mandrel

1804‧‧‧Roller

1805‧‧‧Roller

1806‧‧‧Roller

2201‧‧‧Blowers

2202‧‧‧ Shell

2204‧‧‧Fan head

2205‧‧‧Stacked battery pack

The following figures are only examples, which are not intended to unduly limit the scope of such patents. Those skilled in the art will recognize many other variations, modifications, and alternatives. It is also to be understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only, and that various modifications and changes will be made to those skilled in the art and will be included in the spirit and scope of the process. And within the scope of the attached patent application.

1 is a simplified diagram of a computer-aided system for designing a stereoelectrochemical cell according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 2 is a computer model for designing a computer-aided system for a stereoelectrochemical cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a simplified diagram of a stereo processing module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a simplified flow diagram of a method for designing an electrochemical cell in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5A is used A simplified flow diagram of a method of modifying an existing electrochemical cell design in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention; FIG. 5B is a method for modifying existing electrochemical cell fabrication parameters in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention Simplified flow chart; Figure 6A illustrates a negative design with a thin film design in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention Figure 6B illustrates a cathode having a cylindrical design in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6C illustrates a cathode having a sinusoidal design in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 7A illustrates a computer-aided design in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention Figure 7B illustrates an electrochemical cell geometry in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7C illustrates a grid of electrochemical cells in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7D illustrates an electrochemical process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention Outline of Lithium Concentration at 11548 Seconds of Battery; FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a plurality of stacked solid state battery packs according to an example of the present disclosure; FIG. 9 is a winding in accordance with an example of the present disclosure A schematic diagram of a process for manufacturing a plurality of stacked solid-state battery packs by cutting; FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a plurality of stacked solid-state battery packs according to an example of the present disclosure by zigzag folding; FIG. 11 is based on A schematic illustration of a procedure for fabricating a plurality of stacked solid state battery packs by dicing after zigzag folding of an example of the present disclosure; FIG. 12 is by cutting and stacking The schematic explanatory view of manufacturing a plurality of stacked procedure of the example of the solid-state battery of the present disclosure; FIG. 13 by a schematic line stacked continuous solid state battery packs deposition process according to an exemplary explanatory view of the present disclosure; Figure 14 is a simplified illustration of a contour plot showing discharge volume energy density (in Wh/l for a battery pack design according to an example of the present disclosure) when C/10 is discharged at different low and high cutoff voltages Figure 15 is a simplified illustration of a contour plot showing the operating time of the battery according to an example of the present disclosure designed for high power applications with different low and high cutoff voltages (in minutes (min) Figure 16 is a simplified illustration of a contour plot showing the operating time of the battery according to an example of the present disclosure designed for high power applications with different low and high cutoff voltages (in minutes (min) Unit) having improved material properties by adjusting processing conditions; Figure 17 is a simplified illustration of a contour plot showing different low and high cutoff voltages for use in a wearable device application in accordance with the present disclosure Example discharge cell energy density (in Wh/l); Figure 18 is a simplified illustration of a contour plot showing different low and high cutoff voltages for use in a wearable device application. content The discharge volume energy density (in Wh/l) of the battery of the example has improved material properties by adjusting the processing conditions; FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of the cathode diffusivity as a result from the cathode current collector (CC) And a normalized distance of the cathode thickness of the cathode (CA) interface; FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of a simulation result of lithium captured in a cathode; FIG. 21 is a functionally graded material according to an example of the present disclosure. FIG. 22A is a representation of a diffusivity as a model according to the present disclosure. Figure 25B shows the lithium ion concentration profile in the cathode of different discharge rates; Figure 23 is an explanatory diagram of the effective electrolyte electron conductivity over time; Figure 24 is a schematic representation of the manufacture of a plurality of stacked solid state battery cells according to an example of the present disclosure on a mandrel of any shape when wound up during deposition; Figure 25 is a winding from a deposition drum A schematic representation of a plurality of stacked solid state battery cells according to an example of the present disclosure on an arbitrary shaped mandrel; FIG. 26A is a plurality of stacked solid state battery packs integrated into a ring frame of a portable fan BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 26B is a listing of a simplified illustration of any of a number of stacked solid state battery cells in accordance with an example of the present disclosure.

In accordance with the present invention, techniques for fabricating electrochemical cells are provided. More particularly, the present invention provides a method and system for providing a design and use of the design to fabricate a three-dimensional element for a three-dimensional electrochemical cell. By way of example only, the present invention has been provided with the use of lithium-based batteries, but it will be appreciated that other materials, such as zinc, silver, magnesium, copper, and nickel, can be designed in the same or similar manner.

In addition, these battery packs can be used in a variety of applications, such as portable electronic devices (mobile phones, personal digital assistants, radio players, music players, Video cameras, similar, etc.), tablets and laptops, power supplies for military use (communication, lighting, imaging, satellite, and the like), for aerospace applications (aircraft, satellite, and mini Power supply for aircraft), for vehicle applications (hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, all-electric vehicles, electric scooters, water downloaders, boats, large ships, electric walking tractors, and garden devices) Power supply for electric motor vehicles, power supply for remote control devices (unmanned drones, unmanned aircraft, RC cars), for robots (mechanical toys, robot vacuum cleaners, tools for robots, Power supply for robotic building utilities, for power tools (electric drills, electric lawn mowers, electric vacuum cleaners, electric metal working grinders, electric heat guns, electric pressure expansion tools, chainsaws and cutters, electric sandblasting) Power supply for appliances and polishers, electric shears and slicers, and grooving machines, power supply for personal hygiene devices (electric toothbrushes, hand dryers and hair dryers) , heaters, coolers, chillers, fans, humidifiers, for other applications (Global Positioning System (GPS) devices, laser range finder, flashlights, electrical street lighting, backup power supplies, uninterrupted power Power supply for supply systems, and other portable and stationary electronic devices. Methods and systems for the operation of such battery packs are also applicable to the case where the battery pack is not only a power supply in the system, but additional power is supplied by a fuel cell, other battery pack, IC engine or Other combustion devices, capacitors, solar cells, combinations thereof, and others.

As an example only, the present invention has been provided using a numerical analysis method of multiple physical quantity problems in which local or entire differential equations are simultaneously solved. These relationships include material characteristics, inherent characteristics, electrochemical equilibrium or dynamic load factors, and performance parameters. These material features include physical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, optical, or chemical characteristics. Such physical characteristics include mass density, crystal structure, stoichiometry, ionic conductivity, diffusivity, and moisture vapor permeability (MVTR), water vapor permeability (WVTR), and oxygen. Gas barrier (OTR) barrier. These mechanical features include modulus, hardness, coefficient of thermal expansion, and concentration expansion coefficient. The electrical characteristics include electronic conductivity, dielectric constant, sheet resistance, and contact resistance. These thermal characteristics include thermal conductivity, specific heat, melting temperature, and evaporation temperature. These optical features include reflectivity. These chemical characteristics include reaction constants, open circuit potentials. Intrinsic features of such electrochemical cells include layer thickness, layer width, layer length, layer spacing, interfacial interaction of the tie layers, shape of each layer, defect size, defect distribution, defect material, layer material type. The shape of each layer comprises a flat, periodically patterned, or irregular shape, or a combination of these, and the shape of each layer is independent of the other layers. And the layers of the stereoelectrochemical cell are selected from the group consisting of homogeneous materials, heterogeneous materials or gradient materials, or any combination of these materials. And the gradient materials comprise components and material structures that vary with the volume of the layer. And the material structure comprises a crystal structure, or an amorphous structure, or any combination of these. These performance parameters include lifetime, safety/physical/mechanical/chemical/thermal/ion concentration, voltage size distribution, state of charge, degree of intercalation, achievable capacitance under various discharge rates or discharge size distributions. Degree, stress caused by intercalation, or volume change. The numerical method is selected from the group consisting of a finite element method, a finite element method (FEM), a finite difference method (FDM), a boundary element analysis method, an element-free Geely gold method (EFG), or a smooth particle fluid dynamics (SPH) method. And the numerical method uses a grid or surface and volume representation. Some, but not all, of these methods may be used with grids or representations of surface and volume produced by a wide range of methodologies. The post-processing of the data generated in the solution to the multiple physical quantity problem is generally described using any standard method of excavation and presentation of data, but can be done as a separate step. The design of these battery packs is also applicable to cases where the battery pack is not the only power supply in the system, and the additional power is through fuel cells, other battery packs, IC engines or other combustion devices, capacitors, Solar battery, etc. for.

1 illustrates a computer system for computer-aided design of an electrochemical cell, wherein the computer 1 responds to input from a keyboard 2 and/or other digital input device, such as a light pen, or mouse 3, and the stereoscopic electrochemical cell The design is shown on the graphical display device 4. This illustration is for illustrative purposes only and will not unduly limit the scope of the patent application herein. Those skilled in the art will recognize many variations, modifications, and alternatives. A commercially available, or internally developed, simulation program and database is stored in the electronic storage device 5, which may be a magnetic disk or another type of digital data storage device. As described throughout this specification, a database is provided and used to collect electrochemical battery information and to couple the electrochemical battery information to a stereo simulation program. In the computer graphics assisted design, form information is displayed on the graphic display device 4. As a simple example, the stereoelectrochemical cell is shown with the anode, cathode, electrolyte, and two collectors shown. Typically, the simulation program is loaded into the memory unit 7 by the storage device 5, via the bridge unit 6, as a whole. The digitized rendering of the stereoelectrochemical cell is then loaded by the data storage device 5, or input devices 2 and 3. The information includes information on the geometry and the nature of the material. In a particular embodiment, the method obtains a battery pack and is reversed to determine the information, such as material, fabric, geometry, and any and all other measurable parameters. Alternatively, the method selects one or more materials and determines their properties, including extrinsic and intrinsic properties, in accordance with a particular embodiment. A majority of the programs are added to the basic structure by the mass storage device 5 and then processed using the device 8. These added programs include grid algorithms, solver algorithms, post-processing algorithms, and the like. The post-processing data is then sent back to the database structure, resulting in changes in the database. Finally, the entire data structure and simulation program are integrated into one and stored in the data storage device 5. Stored in the data storage device 5 The database includes material characteristics, inherent characteristics, electrochemical equilibrium or dynamic load factors, and performance parameters. Manufacturing parameters for film deposition are also stored in the storage device, so we can establish these relationships among manufacturing parameters and material characteristics, inherent characteristics, electrochemical equilibrium or dynamic load factors, and performance parameters.

2 depicts a computer-aided design tool 12 of the present invention for a stereoelectrochemical cell in which all of the programs for generating the geometric layout, the logic, and solving the required equations are integrated. This illustration is for illustrative purposes only and will not unduly limit the scope of the patent application herein. Those skilled in the art will recognize many variations, modifications, and alternatives. The intrinsic properties 13 include layer thickness, layer width, layer length, layer spacing, interfacial interaction of the tie layers, shape of each layer, defect size, defect distribution, defect material, and pattern of layer material. These material properties 14 include physical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, optical, or chemical features and they are input as part of the database structure. The material properties, M(x _i , y _i , z _i ) are included in the database structure. M is the material property index, and i is the layer index. Such material properties include homogeneous materials, heterogeneous materials or gradient materials, or any combination of these. And the gradient materials comprise variations in composition and material structure with the volume of the layer. In an example, the functional gradient properties may also include conductivity σ(x, y, z), dielectric constant ε(x, y, z), mass density ρ(x, y, z), modulus E (x) , y, z), thermal conductivity κ (x, y, z), thermal expansion coefficient α (x, y, z), specific heat capacity Xπ (x, y, z), concentration expansion α χ (x, y, z), reaction The constant κ0 (x, y, z), and the potential energy E (x, y, z). This logic 15 serves as the basis for the behavior of the material. The electrochemical load 17 serves as a basis for electrochemical equilibrium or dynamic loading factors including battery charge, discharge current, voltage, and time profile. These manufacturing parameters 18 are used as a basis for such manufacturing process parameters to form a multi-layer solid state battery pack device. The operation of the stereoelectrochemical cell is then simulated based on information collected by the computer aided design tool and output to the library structure 16.

Figure 3 illustrates a simulation program 25 that is used as the engine of the present invention. This illustration is for illustrative purposes only and will not unduly limit the scope of the patent application herein. Those skilled in the art will recognize many variations, modifications, and alternatives. The program integrates the input data, the logic, and the grid algorithm, the solution algorithm, and the post-processing algorithm. This simulation program can be obtained commercially or internally. The input data includes the geometry information 26 and the material properties 19 of the material. The governing equation 20 and the boundary equation 21 are selected based on the following logic of the behavior of the materials. The grid algorithm 22 selects the order of the control and boundary equations and provides an approximation to the actual material behavior. The solver algorithm 23 provides the efficiency and accuracy of such final results. The post-processing algorithm 24 provides a display of the results of the calculations and displays the results in a graphical, graphical, or tabular format. The electrochemical load 27 serves as a basis for electrochemical equilibrium or dynamic loading factors including battery charge, discharge current, voltage, and time profile. In a particular application of the invention, a systematic process for making a new electrochemical cell may be made, as described in FIG.

(1) The designer produces the required geometry information for a multi-layer solid state battery pack. In the present invention, the electrode morphology is not limited to the film shape, but includes any combination of solid geometry or solid geometry including flat, patterned, or irregular shapes. The designer also chose an electrochemical load.

(2) The database is then loaded into the finite element method simulation program.

(3) The designer enters the material properties into the database structure.

(4) The designer selects the appropriate governing equations and boundary equations to interpret the behavior of the materials involved, such as the anode, cathode, electrolyte, electrolyte, barrier, and current collector.

(5) The finite element method simulation program collects a structural database of the geometry and material information, control and boundary equations and solver algorithms to obtain such operational performance parameters.

(6) The designer then compares the simulation results with the desired performance parameters. If the error between the simulation results and the desired performance parameters is within acceptable tolerances, the simulated setup of the stereo electrochemical cell is accepted. If the errors are not within the acceptable tolerance, then the design of the stereoelectrochemical cell is systematically changed and the design processes (1) through (6) are repeated until the error is within the acceptable tolerance Poor.

In another application having the present invention, existing electrochemical cell designs are modified as described in Figure 5A.

1) For the existing electrochemical cell design, the designer generates information on the geometry and material properties of the multi-layer solid state battery pack for input into the library structure.

2) The database is then loaded into the computer aided design tool described in Figure 2 to simulate the performance of the electrochemical cell used in the existing design.

3) At the same time, the designer generated the geometry, material properties, and electrochemical load information as a database structure for the modified electrochemical cell design.

4) The database is then loaded into the computer aided design tool described in Figure 2 to simulate the electrochemical cell performance for the modified design.

5) The designer then compares the performance of the two batteries obtained by Processes 2) and 4) to determine if the modified design is acceptable.

6) If the performance of the modified design is acceptable, the final product is made based on the modified design.

7) If the performance of the modified design is unacceptable, the design The system systematically reproduces steps 3) through 7) until the battery performance is acceptable.

In another application having the present invention, existing electrochemical cell designs are modified as described in Figure 5B.

1) For the existing electrochemical cell design, the designer generates information on the geometry and material properties of the multi-layer solid state battery pack for input into the library structure.

2) The database is then loaded into the computer aided design tool described in Figure 2 to simulate the performance of the electrochemical cell used in the existing design.

3) At the same time, the designer generated the geometry, material properties, and electrochemical load information as a database structure for the modified electrochemical cell design.

4) The database is then loaded into the computer aided design tool described in Figure 2 to simulate the electrochemical cell performance for the modified manufacturing parameters.

5) The designer then compares the performance of the two cells obtained by Processes 2) and 4) to determine if the modified manufacturing parameters are acceptable.

6) If the performance of the modified manufacturing parameters is acceptable, the final product is made based on the modified design.

7) If the performance of the modified design is unacceptable, the designer systematically reproduces steps 3) through 7) until the battery performance is acceptable.

Example 1: Design and method of electrochemical battery

This example demonstrates a manufacturing process for a new electrochemical cell having the best morphological shape of the electrode. As an example, a multi-layer solid state battery pack having a stack number of 1 is designed and fabricated. As an example of a problem encountered by the designer, three different morphological designs of the stereoscopic electrodes are provided: the film of Figure 6A, the columnar shape of Figure 6B, and the sinusoidal shape of Figure 6C. The materials used for the three-dimensional electrochemical cells are used as anodes (33 in Fig. 6A, 38 in Fig. 6B, and 43 in Fig. 6C) as the anode (34 in Fig. 6A, Fig. 6B). The lithium metal in 40, 45) in Fig. 6C, and the lithium manganese oxide as the cathode (36 in Fig. 6A, 41 in Fig. 6B, and 46 in Fig. 6C) have the electrolyte (Fig. 6A). a polymer of a lithium salt of 35, 6 of FIG. 6B, 44 of FIG. 6C, and aluminum as a cathode current collector (37 in FIG. 6A, 42 in FIG. 6B, and 47 in FIG. 6C) . The material properties, M(x _i , y _i , z _i ) are selected from the database structure. M is the material property index, and i is the layer index. Such material properties include homogeneous materials, heterogeneous materials or gradient materials, or any combination of these. And the gradient materials comprise variations in composition and material structure with the volume of the layer. In an example, the functional gradient properties may also include conductivity σ(x, y, z), dielectric constant ε(x, y, z), mass density ρ(x, y, z), modulus E (x) , y, z), thermal conductivity κ (x, y, z), thermal expansion coefficient α (x, y, z), specific heat capacity Xπ (x, y, z), concentration expansion α χ (x, y, z), reaction The constant κ0 (x, y, z), and the potential energy E (x, y, z). The materials used herein are for illustrative purposes, but are not limited by these materials. The volume of the three different design electrodes is a limiting condition. Designers using conventional systems will typically enter the lab and make these three different designs of cathodes, assemble them into real batteries, and test them for a period of time to obtain these performance parameters. Designers can obtain such performance parameters by using one or more embodiments of the present invention more efficiently.

Then, the computer's auxiliary design process (as shown in Fig. 7A, 60-70), which has been integrated into (71) of Fig. 7A, will simulate the database structure and output the results of the two designs. The designer will collect the particle size and volume fraction based on the image analysis technique or from the original design database by pressing the "Computer Aided Design (CAD)" button (60 in Figure 7A) as shown in the figure. (72) in 7B produces the geometry of the battery. The designer then enters the material properties by pressing the "Material Properties" button (61 in Figure 7A) and uses the desired battery behavior by pressing the "Control Equation" and "Boundary Conditions" respectively. The control equations and boundary conditions are entered on the buttons (62 and 63 in Figure 7A). These grids will then be generated as shown by pressing on the "Grid" button (84 in Figure 7C). Second, the designer will solve the results by selecting the solver on the "Solver" button (90 in Figure 7C). The final result can be presented in the form of the table or outline by touching the 91 in Figure 7C as shown at 96 in Figure 7D. The designer then compares the two performance parameters. If the results of the new design are met with the target performance characteristics, the final electrochemical cell will be made with this newer design. If it is not met, the designer can rework the new design with the same process in a new concept until the performance parameters are met. In addition, any of the illustrations herein are merely illustrative and will not unduly limit the scope of the patent application herein. Those skilled in the art will recognize many variations, modifications, and alternatives. This example demonstrates that it recognizes two important factors that will affect the ratio performance, durability, and longevity of the electrochemical cell. This first factor is the sharp corner of the columnar shape of the electrode. As in this example, the maximum intercalation of the cylindrical shape design results in a stress system that is approximately four times greater than the film design. This other factor is the surface to volume ratio of the cathode. I believe that this corner will enhance this stress, which will result in short life and low durability. On the other hand, this small surface-to-volume ratio will result in a low charge/discharge ratio capability. As in this example, the maximum achievable capacitance for the film design below the 1C ratio is about 73% of the columnar shape design, which regulates the discharge current so that the overall capacitance of the battery would ideally It was exhausted in an hour. Therefore, in this case, the sinusoidal design is the best design.

Example 2: Establishing a large number of stacked solid-state battery packs by winding

This example demonstrates the creation of a plurality of stacked solid state battery packs by winding. As an example, the present invention provides a method of using a flexible material having a thickness in the range between 0.1 and 100 microns for use as the solid state battery The substrate. The flexible material may be selected from a polymer film such as PET, PEN, or a metal foil such as copper or aluminum. The deposited layer comprising the solid state battery on the flexible substrate can then be wound into a cylindrical shape or wound and then compressed into a prismatic shape. Fig. 8 shows an image of the wound battery as an example of the present invention. The wound cells can be further processed by cutting the rounded corners to maximize the energy density as shown in FIG.

Example 3: Creating a Stacked Solid State Battery Pack by Zigzag Folding

This example demonstrates the creation of a plurality of stacked solid state battery packs by zigzag folding. As an example, the present invention provides a method of using a flexible substrate that can be part of a solid state battery. As shown in Figure 10, the deposited layers of the solid state battery on the flexible substrate can be stacked by zigzag folding. The zigzag folded cells can be further processed by cutting the sides of the cells and terminating them to maximize the energy density as shown in FIG. By alternating the process sequences, another configuration of the plurality of stacked battery packs can be made by cutting the individual layers and then stacking them, as illustrated in FIG.

Example 4: Establishing multiple stacked solid-state battery packs by a repeated deposition process

This example demonstrates the creation of a plurality of stacked solid state battery packs by a repetitive deposition process. As an example, the present invention provides a method of creating a plurality of stacked solid state battery packs by moving a substrate through a number of deposition processes. The solid state battery pack has N number of stacks by reordering the sequence up to N times, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG.

Example 5: Energy density designed by controlling SOC and contour plots

Because the solid state battery pack has a much higher energy density than the conventional battery pack. To the extent that these battery packs can deliver very high energy densities even in limited state of charge, SOC (non-complete SOC range) cycles. In this example, multiple physical quantity finite element simulations are used to design the energy density by controlling the SOC. Figure 14 shows the discharge volume energy density (in Wh/l) of an example cell design when discharged at different high and low cutoff voltages at C/10. A wide range of options are shown and can deliver energy densities greater than 700 Wh/l (or 800 Wh/l or 900 Wh/l or 1000 Wh/l).

Example 6: Operating time designed for high power applications by controlling SOC for high power applications

Because solid state batteries have much higher energy densities than conventional battery packs, these batteries can deliver very high energy densities even in limited SOC (non-complete SOC range) cycles. In this example, multiple physical quantities finite element simulations are used to design the operating time of high power applications. For specific high power applications that use such battery packs, the application can operate with these battery packs for extended periods of time. Figure 15 shows the operating time (in minutes) of an example battery design when discharged at different high and low cutoff voltages at very high power of 25W.

Battery material properties can also be adjusted by tuning processing parameters such as background gas pattern, background gas partial pressure, and substrate temperature. As an example, increased gas pressure will result in a decrease in mass density and an increase in diffusivity. As another example, by changing the gas pattern, one can change the different kinds of concentrations in the composition of the film. After the battery material properties are adjusted by tuning processing parameters, the battery pack can meet the target energy density application. Figure 16 shows the operating time (in minutes) of an exemplary battery design with improved material properties when discharged at different high and low cutoff voltages at very high power of 25W. In this battery design, the battery is deposited on a thin flexible substrate.

Example 7: Energy density designed for wearable device applications for battery-oriented targets

Because solid state batteries have much higher energy densities than conventional battery packs, these batteries can deliver very high energy densities even in limited SOC (non-complete SOC range) cycles. In this example, multiple physical quantity finite element simulations are used to design the energy density of a battery-oriented wearable device application. For a particular wearable device application using such battery packs, Figure 17 shows the deliverable energy density of an exemplary battery design when discharged at 67 mA at different high and low cutoff voltages.

The battery material properties can also be adjusted by tuning the processing parameters to meet the target energy density application. Figure 18 shows the transportable energy density of an exemplary cell design with improved material properties when discharged at 67 mA at different high and low cutoff voltages. In this battery design, the battery is deposited on a thin flexible substrate.

Example 8: Capacity attenuation and lithium trapped in the cathode due to gradient cathode diffusivity

In this example, a functionally graded cathode material is fabricated where the top has a high lithium ion diffusivity and the bottom has a very low diffusivity. In this example, multiple physical quantity finite element simulations are calculated using the captured lithium in the cathode. Figure 19 shows the cathode diffusivity as a function of the normalized distance of the cathode thickness from the cathode current collector (CC) and cathode (CA) interfaces. A functionally graded material having a low lithium diffusivity near the collector side and a high lithium diffusivity on the other side is made. The battery was discharged at a 1 C ratio, and a constant current was charged at a 1 C ratio, followed by a constant voltage with a 2 hour occupation time. Due to variations in the diffusivity in the cathode, not all lithium can be transported in time during the cycle. Figure 20 shows the results of the lithium captured in the cathode in the completion of the cycle. After 16 cycles, 2% lithium (2% capacity) was trapped in the cathode.

Example 9: Functionally graded cathode material and capacity retention

In one example, the present disclosure describes the unexpected benefit of controlling the state of charge in the cathode of a solid state battery with functional gradient properties. Functionally graded materials (FGM) can be characterized by changes in composition and structure with volume, resulting in corresponding changes in the properties of the material. As an example in Fig. 21, the cathode is formed such that as the deposition progresses, the mass density is reduced by controlling the process pressure during deposition. In this battery pack, the less dense material on top of the cathode near the electrolyte has a higher lithium ion diffusivity, which is preferred for high power applications. The lower diffusivity in the region close to the current collector prevents lithium from diffusing through the cathode up to the current collector. For both high power performance and capacity retention, this functionally graded cathode material provides a unique combination near the electrolyte containing regions of high diffusivity and adjacent to the collector containing low diffusivity regions. In one example, the lower diffusivity region has a diffusivity from 1x10 ^-19 m ² /s to 1×10 ⁻⁵ m ² /s, and the higher diffusivity has a distribution from 1×10 ^-17 m ² /s to Diffusion value of 1x10 ^-5 m ² /s. In an example, the functional gradient properties may also include conductivity σ(x, y, z), dielectric constant ε(x, y, z), mass density ρ(x, y, z), modulus E (x) , y, z), thermal conductivity κ (x, y, z), thermal expansion coefficient α (x, y, z), specific heat capacity Xπ (x, y, z), concentration expansion α χ (x, y, z), reaction The constant κ0 (x, y, z), and the potential energy E (x, y, z). In one example, the FGM cathode diffusivity varies only in one degree of space (z direction) and is constant in the x and y directions. In another example, the cathode diffusivity varies in the xz, yz, and xy planes. The present disclosure provides a method of utilizing these advantages of cathode and solid state batteries by defining and controlling the voltage range and depth of discharge.

In one example, a cathode material having a functional gradient diffusivity and a constant diffusivity is fabricated. A functionally graded cathode having a linear diffusivity distribution of the cathode, and the diffusivity distribution is shown in Figure 22A, where the top has a higher lithium ion diffusivity And the bottom portion has a lower diffusivity. In this example, multiple physical quantities of finite element simulations were used to calculate the lithium concentration in the cathode. Figure 22B shows the lithium ion concentration profile in the cathode at different discharge rates and in different cathode materials. If the target is a high utilization of lithium, C/10 is recommended for use in both gradient diffusivity and constant diffusivity cathode materials. If at the CC/CA interface, the low lithium ion concentration is required to avoid lithium diffusion through the CC, 1C discharge rate and gradient cathode materials are recommended for this application.

Example 10: Self-discharge and current leakage due to defects in electrolytes

In one example, the present disclosure uses finite element multiple physical quantity simulations to account for the effects of defects in the electrolyte layer. Pinholes, cracks, splits, and debris are common defects in electrolytes made by deposition techniques. As the size and distribution of defects in the electrolyte increase, the electronic conductivity increases, which leads to a decrease in the open circuit potential. Figure 23 shows the effect of the electrolyte electronic conductivity on the open circuit potential with time. As the electron conductivity increases, the battery self-discharges and the voltage decreases as time elapses. Defects need to be reduced in order to maintain low electron conductivity in the electrolyte to maintain low self-discharge rates and long battery life.

Example 11: Winding a solid battery cell on a mandrel of any shape

Figure 17 schematically shows a method of winding a solid state battery cell and depositing on a mandrel 1701. This is an example of deposition of a plurality of stacked solid state battery cells having a mandrel of any shape, but is not limited to the shapes described herein. In this example, the cross section of the figure 8 can be part of the vacuum cleaner grip. The vacuum cleaner grip portion can be used as a substrate for a solid battery cell. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the plurality of stacked solid state battery cells are capable of continuously depositing each battery component from the first current collector, the cathode, the electrolyte, the anode, the second current collector, and the insulating interlayer. And was reached. This deposition sequence will be repeated 1 to N times until the desired total capacity is reached. Because of these Thin layer features, compared to conventional liquid or polymer gel cast versions of battery cells, the increased volume of the portable vacuum cleaner will be minimized. In this example, it is desirable to have push rollers such as 1704, 1705, and 1706 to assist in consistently adhering the deposited battery cell 1703 to the mandrel. As the mandrel rotates, the push rollers will need to move along the surface so that they will not be positioned on the path of rotation. Again, as an example, the source of deposition is located below the mandrel. However, the location of the deposition source can be located anywhere around the mandrel to achieve uniformity of the plurality of stacked solid state battery cells. The required sources of deposition will be moved into position when they are needed. The deposition sources can also be positioned based on the shape of the mandrel. For example, due to the broad shadow masking feature, the two different layer deposition sources can be positioned on opposite sides of the figure-eight mandrel to minimize deposition time.

Example 12: Winding on a mandrel of any shape

Figure 18 shows schematically the winding on the mandrel 1803. This is an example of deposition of a plurality of stacked solid state battery cells having a mandrel of any shape, but is not limited to the shapes described herein. In this example, the cross section of the figure 8 can be part of the vacuum cleaner grip. In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of stacked solid state battery cells are continuously connected to each of the battery components by the first current collector, the cathode, the electrolyte, the anode, the second current collector, and the insulating interlayer. It is achieved by depositing on another drum or mandrel 1801. This deposition sequence will be repeated 1 to N times until the desired total capacity is reached. Once the desired total capacity is reached, the rolled solid state battery cells will be moved to the winding station. At the winding station, the desired shaped mandrel will be used to load the solid state battery cell. The deposited solid state battery cell will be unloaded by the cylindrical drum and wound onto the mandrel of the desired shape, such as the figure eight mandrel in this example. After being wound onto the figure eight mandrel, the final packaging layer will be divided on top of the battery pack Layer to provide insulation to the environment. Because of these thin layer features, the increased volume of the vacuum cleaner grip will be minimized compared to conventional liquid or polymer gel cast versions of battery cells. In this example, it is desirable to have push rollers such as 1804, 1805, and 1806 to assist in consistently adhering the wound battery cell 1802 to the mandrel surface. As the mandrel rotates, the push rollers will need to move along the surface so that they will not be positioned on the path of rotation.

Example 13: Integrating a plurality of stacked solid state battery packs into the structure and/or decorative space of the application device

As an example, the present invention provides a method of forming a solid state battery pack into the shape shown in Figure 26A. The solid state battery pack on the flexible substrate disclosed in the present invention can be formed into any arbitrary shape. A plurality of stacked battery pack devices 2205 are wound on a hollow core that is used in a housing 2202 of a bladeless fan or air blower 2201, as shown in Figure 26A. The plurality of stacked battery packs 2205 that are integrated into the structure, such as the edge of the fan head 2204, eliminate the need for separate storage spaces, allowing for only the functionality for the appliance to be portable. Figure 26B illustrates some of the example form factors that such flexible battery packs may have, such as toroids, coils, circular cones, trapezoidal cones, and tetrahedra.

Claims (72)

A method for designing a multi-layer solid state battery device: for the design of a stereoscopic spatial component in a stereoelectrochemical cell, in reference to one or more referenced for one or more second features of the selected set of materials Providing a computer generated relationship between the first features; selecting one or more of the first or second features for the selected set of materials; processing the one or more selected first or second features to determine the one Whether the plurality of first or second features are within one or more predetermined performance parameters; and using the one or more first or second features to design the stereoscopic multi-layer solid state battery device. The method of claim 1, wherein the multi-layer solid state battery device comprises a plurality of solid state battery cells numbered from 1 to N, each of the solid battery cells comprising a first set of overlapping substrate members An electric appliance, a cathode device overlapping the current collector, an electrolyte device overlapping the cathode, an anode device overlapping the electrolyte device, and a second current collector overlapping the anode device, each of the plurality of solid battery cells being rechargeable Operation in the state. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of battery cells are wound or stacked. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more first features comprise physical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, optical, or chemical features. The method of claim 4, wherein the physical characteristics include, but are not limited to, mass density, crystal structure, stoichiometry, ionic conductivity, diffusivity, moisture permeability (MVTR), water vapor permeability (WVTR) And oxygen transmission rate (OTR). The method of claim 4, wherein the mechanical features include, but are not limited to, a mode Number, hardness, coefficient of thermal expansion, and coefficient of expansion. The method of claim 4, wherein the electrical characteristics include, but are not limited to, electronic conductivity, dielectric constant, sheet resistance, and contact resistance. The method of claim 4, wherein the thermal characteristics include, but are not limited to, thermal conductivity, specific heat, melting temperature, and evaporation temperature. The method of claim 4, wherein the optical characteristics include, but are not limited to, reflectance. The method of claim 4, wherein the chemical characteristics include, but are not limited to, a reaction constant, an open circuit potential. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more second features comprise a layer thickness, a layer width, a layer length, a layer spacing, an interface interaction of the connection layer, a shape of each layer, a defect size, a defect distribution, Defective material, type of layer material, or electrochemical equilibrium or dynamic loading factor. The method of claim 1, wherein the shape of each layer comprises a flat, periodically patterned, or irregular shape, or a combination of these, and the shape of each layer is independent of the other layers. The method of claim 1, wherein the performance parameters include lifetime, safety/physical/mechanical/chemical/thermal/ion concentration, voltage size distribution, state of charge, degree of intercalation, at various discharge rates or discharges The degree of achievable capacitance below the size distribution, the stress caused by intercalation, or volume change. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer of the stereoelectrochemical cell is selected from the group consisting of a homogeneous material, a heterogeneous material, or a gradient material, or any combination of these materials. The method of claim 14, wherein the gradient material comprises a composition and a structure of the material as a function of volume of the layer. The method of claim 15, wherein the material structure comprises a crystal structure, or an amorphous structure, or any combination of these. A method for analyzing a stereoscopic multi-layer solid state battery device, the method comprising: using a numerical method to process one or more relationships, the one or more relationships being one or more coupled or decoupled, continuous, discretized Or segmental continuous, partial or entire differential equations or other logical forms; determining one or more first or second features in the first stereoelectrochemical cell; generating a reference to the one or more of the second features a relationship between the one or more first features; processing the one or more selected first or second features to determine whether the one or more first or second features are within predetermined performance parameters; The two-dimensional electrochemical device uses the one or more first or second features. The method of claim 17, wherein the multi-layer solid state battery device comprises a plurality of solid state battery cells numbered from 1 to N, each of the solid battery cells comprising a first set of overlapping substrate members An electric appliance, a cathode device overlapping the first current collector, an electrolyte device overlapping the first current collector, an anode device overlapping the electrolyte device, and a second current collector overlapping the anode device, each of the plurality of solid state battery cells One system can operate in a charged state. The method of claim 18, wherein the plurality of battery cells are wound or stacked. The method of claim 17, wherein the numerical method is used for analysis of multiple physical quantity problems, wherein partial or entire differential equations are simultaneously solved. The method of claim 17, wherein the numerical method is selected from the group consisting of a finite element method, a finite element method (FEM), a finite difference method (FDM), a boundary element analysis method, Element-free Glorgan method (EFG), or smooth particle hydrodynamic (SPH) method. The method of claim 17, wherein the numerical method uses a grid or surface and volume representation. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more first features comprise physical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, optical, or chemical characteristics. The method of claim 23, wherein the physical characteristics include, but are not limited to, mass density, crystal structure, stoichiometry, ionic conductivity, diffusivity, moisture permeability (MVTR), water vapor permeability (WVTR) And oxygen transmission rate (OTR). The method of claim 23, wherein the mechanical characteristics include, but are not limited to, modulus, hardness, coefficient of thermal expansion, and coefficient of expansion. The method of claim 23, wherein the electrical characteristics include, but are not limited to, electronic conductivity, dielectric constant, sheet resistance, and contact resistance. The method of claim 23, wherein the thermal characteristics include, but are not limited to, thermal conductivity, specific heat, melting temperature, and evaporation temperature. The method of claim 23, wherein the optical characteristics include, but are not limited to, reflectance. The method of claim 23, wherein the chemical characteristics include, but are not limited to, a reaction constant, an open circuit potential. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more second features comprise a layer thickness, a layer width, a layer length, a layer spacing, an interface interaction of the connection layer, a shape of each layer, a defect size, a defect distribution, Defective material, type of layer material, or electrochemical equilibrium or dynamic loading factor. The method of claim 30, wherein the shape of each layer comprises a flat , periodic patterning, or irregular shape, or a combination of these, and the shape of each layer is independent of other layers. The method of claim 17, wherein the performance parameters include lifetime, safety/physical/mechanical/chemical/thermal/ion concentration, voltage size distribution, state of charge, degree of intercalation, at various discharge rates or discharges The degree of achievable capacitance below the size distribution, the stress caused by intercalation, or volume change. The method of claim 17, wherein the layer of the stereoelectrochemical cell is selected from the group consisting of a homogeneous material, a heterogeneous material, or a gradient material, or any combination of these materials. The method of claim 33, wherein the gradient material comprises a composition and a structure of the material as a function of volume of the layer. The method of claim 34, wherein the material structure comprises a crystal structure, or an amorphous structure, or any combination of these. A computer-aided system for processing information about a multi-layer solid state battery pack device, the system comprising one or more computer readable memories, the one or more computer readable memories comprising: one or more computer codes, For outputting a computer generated relationship between one or more first features referenced by one or more second features of the selected set of materials for use in the design of a stereoscopic spatial component in a stereoelectrochemical cell; a plurality of codes for one or more of the first or second features selected for the selected set of materials; one or more codes for processing the one or more selected first or second features to determine Whether one or more of the first or second features are within one or more predetermined performance parameters; and One or more codes for performing a program for processing the one or more first features or second features to provide the stereoscopic electrochemical cell. The method of claim 36, wherein the multi-layer solid state battery device comprises a plurality of solid state battery cells numbered from 1 to N, each of the solid battery cells comprising a first set of overlapping substrate members An electric appliance, a cathode device overlapping the first current collector, an electrolyte device overlapping the first current collector, an anode device overlapping the electrolyte device, and a second current collector overlapping the anode device, each of the plurality of solid state battery cells One system can operate in a charged state. The method of claim 37, wherein the plurality of battery cells are wound or stacked. The method of claim 36, wherein the one or more first features comprise physical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, optical, or chemical characteristics. The method of claim 39, wherein the physical characteristics include, but are not limited to, mass density, crystal structure, stoichiometry, ionic conductivity, diffusivity, moisture permeability (MVTR), water vapor permeability (WVTR) And oxygen transmission rate (OTR). The method of claim 39, wherein the mechanical features include, but are not limited to, modulus, hardness, coefficient of thermal expansion, and coefficient of expansion. The method of claim 39, wherein the electrical characteristics include, but are not limited to, electronic conductivity, dielectric constant, sheet resistance, and contact resistance. The method of claim 39, wherein the thermal characteristics include, but are not limited to, thermal conductivity, specific heat, melting temperature, and evaporation temperature. The method of claim 39, wherein the optical characteristics include, but are not limited to, reflectance. The method of claim 39, wherein the chemical characteristics include, but are not limited to, a reaction constant, an open circuit potential. The method of claim 36, wherein the one or more second features comprise layer thickness, layer width, layer length, layer spacing, interface interaction of the tie layers, shape of each layer, defect size, defect distribution, Defective material, type of layer material, or electrochemical equilibrium or dynamic loading factor. The method of claim 46, wherein the shape of each layer comprises a flat, periodic pattern, or an irregular shape, or a combination of these, and the shape of each layer is independent of the other layers. The method of claim 36, wherein the performance parameters include lifetime, safety / physical / mechanical / chemical / thermal / ion concentration, voltage size distribution, state of charge, degree of intercalation, at various discharge rates or discharges The degree of achievable capacitance below the size distribution, the stress caused by intercalation, or volume change. The method of claim 36, wherein the layer of the stereoelectrochemical cell is selected from the group consisting of a homogeneous material, a heterogeneous material, or a gradient material, or any combination of these materials. The method of claim 49, wherein the gradient material comprises a composition and a structure of the material as a function of volume of the layer. The method of claim 50, wherein the material structure comprises a crystal structure, or an amorphous structure, or any combination of these. The system of claim 36, further comprising one or more codes for the post-processing program. For example, the system of claim 36, further includes one or more codes for the gridding program. A system as claimed in claim 36, further comprising one or more codes for one or more boundary conditions. A system of claim 36, further comprising one or more codes for one or more irregular shaped objects associated with one or more of the second features . A method for fabricating a multi-layer solid state battery device, the method comprising: generating spatial information of each layer geometry; storing spatial information including each layer geometry into a database structure; selecting one or more of a plurality of materials Material properties; one or more material properties having the spatial information are used in the simulation program; and one or more performance parameters are output by the simulation program. The method of claim 56, wherein the multi-layer solid state battery device comprises a plurality of solid state battery cells numbered from 1 to N, each of the solid battery cells comprising a first set of overlapping substrate members An electric appliance, a cathode device overlapping the first current collector, an electrolyte device overlapping the first current collector, an anode device overlapping the electrolyte device, and a second current collector overlapping the anode device, each of the plurality of solid state battery cells One system can operate in a charged state. The device of claim 56, wherein the plurality of battery cells are wound or stacked. The method of claim 56, wherein the one or more material properties are selected from physical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, optical, or chemical characteristics. The method of claim 59, wherein the physical characteristics include, but are not limited to, mass density, crystal structure, stoichiometry, ionic conductivity, diffusivity, moisture permeability (MVTR), water vapor permeability (WVTR) And oxygen transmission rate (OTR). The method of claim 59, wherein the mechanical features include, but are not limited to, modulus, hardness, coefficient of thermal expansion, and coefficient of expansion. The method of claim 59, wherein the electrical characteristics include, but are not limited to, electronic conductivity, dielectric constant, sheet resistance, and contact resistance. The method of claim 59, wherein the thermal characteristics include, but are not limited to, thermal conductivity, specific heat, melting temperature, and evaporation temperature. The method of claim 59, wherein the optical characteristics include, but are not limited to, reflectance. The method of claim 59, wherein the chemical characteristics include, but are not limited to, a reaction constant, an open circuit potential. The method of claim 56, further comprising selecting one or more other material properties from the plurality of materials and repeating the using, outputting, and processing steps until the one or more performance parameters are in the one or more Want to be within the tolerance of the performance parameters. The method of claim 56, wherein the spatial information comprises layer shape, shape, spatial orientation, or other spatial information. The method of claim 56, wherein the spatial information is selected from the group consisting of stacked structures, intersecting structures, or sinusoidal structures. The method of claim 56, wherein the simulation progress uses at least one finite element program. The method of claim 56, wherein the spatial information comprises a plurality of irregular shaped objects selected from the group consisting of fibers, pellets, disks, spheres, and ellipsoids, and any one of them a mixture. For example, the method of claim 56, wherein the spatial information includes internal information And foreign information. The method of claim 56, wherein the performance parameters include lifetime, safety / physical / mechanical / chemical / thermal / ion concentration, voltage size distribution, state of charge, degree of intercalation, at various discharge rates or discharges The degree of achievable capacitance below the size distribution, the stress caused by intercalation, or volume change.