TW201412506A - 利用PMI發泡體核心之Pul(拉擠成形)-核心法 - Google Patents
利用PMI發泡體核心之Pul(拉擠成形)-核心法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
- B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2679/00—Use of polymers having nitrogen, with or without oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain not provided for in groups B29K2661/00 - B29K2677/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
- B29K2679/08—PI, i.e. polyimides or derivatives thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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- Y10T428/1359—Three or more layers [continuous layer]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
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- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本發明係關於一種製造新穎之纖維強化之包含PMI發泡體核心的型材(profile material)的新穎方法。尤其是,本發明係關於一種新穎之拉擠成形法,其所用之簡稱是pul-核心方法,其使用單一步驟來製造該纖維強化之型材,同時將該PMI發泡體核心填充於其中。該步驟在此確保該PMI發泡體核心對該纖維強化之型材的極良好連接。
Description
本發明係關於一種製造新穎之纖維強化之包含PMI發泡體核心的型材的新穎方法。尤其是,本發明係關於一種新穎之拉擠成形法,其所用之簡稱是pul-核心方法,其使用單一步驟來製造該纖維強化之型材,同時將該PMI發泡體核心填充於其中。該步驟在此確保該PMI發泡體核心對該纖維強化之型材的極良好連接。
依照先前技藝,已知為塑模內方法之方法可用來製造包含PMI發泡體之中空體。將粒狀材料在此填充於完成的中空體,然後熱發泡且藉此交聯。此方法之缺點是:需要多個步驟,亦即該中空體之製造、該粒狀材料之填充及發泡。另一缺點是:因PMI之相對高的發泡溫度,故不可能使用非熱穩定之材料,例如由碳纖維及環氧樹脂製成之複合材料。另外,在該發泡期間於發泡體與外層之間所產生的連結很弱。此型之塑模內方法係例如描述於WO 2012/013393中。在依照先前技藝之另一方法中,係將液
體形式之PU發泡體射入模槽中,然後發泡且硬化。然而,此方法具有與所述之使用PMI發泡體之方法類似之伴隨的缺點,且其不能轉而利用於PMI。
另一替代的可能方式係使用一種切成合適尺寸之發泡體核心以填充開放之殼組件,然後第二殼組件被黏著結合或焊接該第一殼組件以形成該中空型材。再者可能在界面上施加黏著劑層以改良該發泡體核心之連接。此方法之缺點是:需要極多的耗時步驟,最終產物具有接點,且該發泡體核心與其形狀相關地產生大量的碎屑(off-cut)材料。
在WO 2012/052219所述之一變化型中,發泡體核心與紡織材料(例如碳纖維)一同嵌入塑模內且該樹脂(例如環氧樹脂)注入該塑模內且硬化。雖然一方面,在此避免接點,但另一方面,此方法在碎屑、處理速度及複雜性方面具有與上述方法相同之缺點。
該拉擠成形法是一種已確立之方法,其源自1950年代初期之起初發展。使用該拉擠成形法以連續製造纖維強化之塑膠型材,其中也列舉中空型材,尤其是管。在該原初方法,使用聚酯樹脂或環氧樹脂以浸漬多個玻璃纖維(玻璃粗紗),且隨後藉由一或多個成形塑模將這些合在一起以獲得最終形狀。最後,該樹脂硬化且該連續製造之型材鋸成多個部份以獲得個別工件。
本發明之目的主要是要提供一種包含PMI發泡體材料之纖維強化之中空型材的新穎製造方法,這些型材之實例是管。
本發明之目的尤其是要提供一種使發泡體核心與外層之間能有極良好連接的方法。另一意圖是:依照本發明之方法也可使用多種不能曝於該PMI發泡溫度下之材料作為外部材料。
另一目的是:該方法可用少數的步驟且在低成本下快速地進行。尤其是,若該方法可在最少修正下於現有之設備中進行。
另一目的是該方法之連續進行。
本發明之另一目的是要提供新穎之中空型材,其包含PMI發泡體且a)在該PMI發泡體核心與該中空型材之外部材料之間不具有黏著劑層,b)不具有接點及c)在外部材料與PMI發泡體核心之間具有良好黏合。在此之特別目的是要提供中空型材,其外部材料是由利用聚合物樹脂所黏合之纖維材料所構成,且其核心是由PMI發泡體核心所構成,其中該孔尺寸及因此該發泡體核心之密度可靈活地調整。
由該說明、圖示及未在此明確提及之實例可顯明另外目的。
1‧‧‧將未處理之纖維合在一起
2‧‧‧將粗紗分開且將纖維定向
3‧‧‧在浸透槽內將未處理之纖維以產品特定之樹脂調合物浸漬/浸透
4‧‧‧使用塑模護套以使絞合線預成形
5‧‧‧在經加熱之塑模中進行成形、硬化及校準
6‧‧‧冷卻區
7‧‧‧張力處理
8‧‧‧利用鋸子分開
9‧‧‧導入發泡體核心
圖1例示一適用於本發明pul-核心方法的設備的圖。
該等目的係藉由一種包含PMI發泡體核心之纖維強化的連續型材之新穎的連續製造方法達成。本方法包含其中將由PMI製成之發泡體核心導入中心的拉擠成形法。另外,利用該拉擠成形法,在該發泡體核心周圍形成由纖維材料及熱塑性塑膠或熱固性塑膠製成之外層。包含PMI發泡體核心導入拉擠成形產物中的新穎拉擠成形法在下文中稱為pul-核心法。
該拉擠成形法包含一種在其第一步驟中多個纖維或粗紗係以樹脂浸透的方法。在此,在已知為開放拉擠成形法(其中該樹脂浸透係在該等纖維所通過之浸透槽中進行)與密閉法(其中該樹脂浸透僅在該材料已達到真實之成形裝置時於壓力下進行)之間是有區別的。該設備通常在該浸透法上游具有諸如分梳柵(carding grids)之裝置,藉由此裝置,該等纖維以隨後之成形法所需之方式分布,且隨意提供之粗紗可拆開成個別的纖維。另一可能方式是要使用不織物、織物及/或無緯稀洋紗(laid scrim)作為纖維材料來當作粗紗或纖維之替代品或補充品。
在該纖維材料以該樹脂浸透後,接著藉由一或多個塑模進行預成形法;在該整合的方法中,預成形法同時進行。該預成形法可以例如使用一或多個塑模護套。依照本發明,該纖維材料在此經導引在發泡體核心周圍,該發泡
體核心係經分開導引,且較佳尚未經由該浸透槽導引,結果在進入該真實之成形塑模之前該纖維材料環繞在此核心周圍。
在該成形塑模內,最後之成形、樹脂之硬化及校準方法同時進行。在該成形方法中,該纖維可能互相平行且經定向在該發泡體核心周圍之處理方向上。然而,該纖維較佳形成紡織結構在該發泡體核心周圍。此具體例達成隨後之工件的特別的機械強度。
通常加熱進行該樹脂(其也可稱為強化材料)之硬化。在成形塑模中用於此目的之溫度係依照每一情況中所用之樹脂而定,且可容易地藉由精於此技藝之人士測定。這些溫度通常是100至200℃。在此必須留意使在該塑模內有均勻溫度分布,以確保工件均勻地硬化。
該成形塑模後通常是用於冷卻該完成之中空型材的裝置。
若該樹脂不包含隨後之熱固性材料,而是包含熱塑性材料,則另一替代的可能是該樹脂在熔點或玻璃轉換溫度以上之溫度下施加至該纖維,且該"硬化"係在該成形塑模內利用冷卻來進行。
纖維之輸送通常是在該設備末端藉由對該連續型材施加張力,例如經由履帶取出或經由往復式水力夾持器來達成。
此成形法之大優點是彼可連續地達成,且在起初獲得連續型材。在該設備末端之全自動化程序將此連續型材鋸
成所要長度之個別工件。
此新穎之pul-核心法可產生多種形式之連續型材。此型材可具有一或多個空腔。具有一種空腔之型材可以例如是包含空腔之圓管形或長方形或正方形型材。也可能製造具有複雜形狀(亦即具有二或多個不同形狀或不同尺寸之空腔)之連續型材。圓管可以例如不僅是具有圓形發泡體核心及圓形套管之簡單圓形,也可以例如具有圓形發泡體核心及多邊形套管,或多邊形發泡體核心及圓形套管。不管空腔之形狀及數目為何,可以製造具有不同壁厚度及/或發泡體核心尺寸之連續型材。
依照本發明之工件具有極良好之機械性,尤其是在與壓痕、皺摺及壓縮相關之極良好剛性值方面。彼等也在衝擊時顯現出特別高之壓縮強度及增加之能量吸收,且當彼等用於汽車結構時,彼等因此有助於例如在碰撞事件中改良車身穩定性。在車身中,當與金屬組件,尤其是與不包含填充物之中空結構相比時,彼等還可以改善聲響,亦即降低經由底盤所產生之噪音。
該拉擠成形法可以有多種變化型,某些可經由另外導入發泡體核心而轉化以用於依照本發明之pul-核心法中。
該拉擠預成形法使用由纖維材料所製成之預製的預成形品,為要給予該型材所需之性質。這尤其會導致較高之多方向強度值。預成形品一詞在此是指限定的織物、無緯稀洋紗、管或其他預製的乾預成型品,其在連續方法中利用注射或通過浸沒之浸透而黏至該基質材料。在該方法之
此變化型中,該發泡體核心可在該預成形品之製造期間導入。樹脂浸透對應地在包含該發泡體核心之預成形品上達成。由於該PMI發泡體材料之密閉孔結構,樹脂僅進入在外表面所存在之開放孔中。
拉擠纏繞法類似於傳統的拉擠成形。然而,由於在此方法中之旋轉纏繞裝置,該強化纖維在其經該基質塗覆時係處於不同角度,然後在成形塑模中硬化。此技術能符合對管、條狀物及其他型材之特別嚴苛之負荷要求。此方法可設計成具有不同旋轉角度。該等角度通常可以調節於0°至85°。經樹脂浸透之纖維材料在此環繞或被纏繞在該發泡體核心周圍。
該拉擠編織法包含該拉擠纏繞法之變化型,其中可能在編織結構中處理多個不同纖維材料層。
適合之纖維材料之選擇並不對精於此技藝之人士造成問題,因為可加工之纖維材料由確立之拉擠成形技術是已知的。該纖維材料較佳包含碳纖維、玻璃纖維、聚合物纖維(尤其是芳香族聚醯胺纖維)或紡織纖維,特佳是芳香族聚醯胺或碳纖維。
同理適用於該基質材料,因為可能使用任何適於該拉擠成形法之熱塑性塑膠或任何適於該拉擠成形法且可在交聯後反應以獲得熱固性塑膠之樹脂。較佳是所提及之可反應以獲得熱固性塑膠之樹脂。尤其是,這些包含以下樹脂:聚酯樹脂、乙烯酯樹脂、酚樹脂、PU樹脂或環氧樹脂,且彼等特佳包含PU樹脂或環氧樹脂。
依照本發明,該發泡體核心所用之材料是聚(甲基)丙烯醯胺,其在本文中簡稱為PMI。"(甲基)丙烯基"在此是指甲基丙烯基、丙烯基或二者之混合物。此型之PMI發泡體一般是在以下之二階段方法中製造:a)澆鑄聚合物之製造及b)該澆鑄聚合物之發泡。
該澆鑄聚合物係藉由首先製造包含(甲基)丙烯酸及(甲基)丙烯腈(較佳有2:3至3:2之莫耳比率)作為主要構成成份之單體混合物來製造。也可以使用另外之共單體,實例是丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸之酯類、苯乙烯、順丁烯二酸或伊康酸及其個別的酸酐、或乙烯基吡咯烷酮。然而,該共單體之比例在此應不多於30重量%。也可能使用小量交聯單體,例如丙烯酸烯丙酯。然而,該量較佳應是至多0.05重量%至2.0重量%。
該共聚合混合物也包含發泡劑,其在約150至200℃之溫度下分解或蒸發,且因此形成氣相。該聚合方法在此溫度以下進行,且該澆鑄聚合物因此包含潛在的發泡劑。該聚合方法有利地在二玻璃片之間以層片形式進行。
該澆鑄聚合物接著在第二步驟中於合適溫度下發泡。此型之PMI發泡體的製造原則上對精於此技藝之人士是已知的且例如可以在EP 1 444 293、EP 1 678 244或WO 2011/138060中發現。
作為用於該pul-核心方法之核心材料所需的發泡體組件可以藉由使用在以上稍早階段所述之塑模內發泡方法的製造方法製造,或較佳地可由發泡體片材切割、鋸開或研
磨。在此較佳可能是要由一片材切割出多個發泡體組件。在一特別的替代中,由相對大之PMI發泡體組件之製造所得之碎屑也可能隨意地在另外之切割後被使用以例如用在飛機結構或風力渦輪的製造中。
該發泡體核心所用之材料較佳包含密度範圍在30至200公斤/立方公尺之PMI發泡體。可提及之特別的PMI發泡體是得自Evonik Industries AG之ROHACELL®等級。
與利用塑模內發泡所製造之部份相比,鋸開、切割或研磨之發泡體核心部份的優點是:這些在表面上具有開放孔。在與經樹脂浸透之纖維接觸時,一些尚未硬化之樹脂滲入在該發泡體核心表面上的開放孔中。此滲入所具有之優點是在硬化後在發泡體核心與套管材料之間的界面上有特別強的黏合。
因為不同於該纖維材料,該發泡體核心不能隨著數百公尺之材料提供在滾筒上,其較佳係以多個相繼的個別塊材形式連續導入該拉擠成形設備中。這可以手動達成,或尤其是在標準化長度之發泡體部份的情況下自動化地達成。
本發明不僅提供該方法,也同樣地提供新穎之中空型材,其係由一或多個PMI發泡體核心及已由纖維材料及基質材料所形成之套管材料所構成。以上所提供之與該方法相關的資訊同樣適用於在此所用之材料。該基質材料較佳包含熱固性塑膠,尤其是硬化的環氧樹脂或硬化的PU
樹脂。該纖維材料特別包含碳纖維或玻璃纖維。
依照本發明之包含PMI核心之此型中空型材的特別特性是:該外部材料包含以纖維材料強化之熱固性塑膠,且該發泡體核心包含PMI發泡體,且該包含PMI發泡體之中空型材並無黏著劑層且無接點。
此型之具有PMI發泡體核心之新穎的中空型材比該先前技藝有大的優點。無接點有助於均勻機械負荷負載能力及增加該中空型材之整體穩定性。無黏著劑層有助於重量減少及明顯更大之製造容易性,與至少相當之機械負荷負載能力。
在一特別具體例中,該PMI發泡體可包含包埋在該發泡體材料內之由金屬或另一塑膠製成的另外材料。該材料可以是例如管形式。此形式之管可以例如作為在車身構造中使用之電纜管道。
此外,或與此無關地,該PMI發泡體可以有插入物,尤其是金屬插入物。此型之插入物隨後在彼之使用期間(例如在汽車結構或飛機結構中)作為組件之連接點。在此可導入之插入物的實例是金屬塊體,其內部可藉由研磨方法導入螺絲螺紋,然後可用於螺絲連接。
依照本發明之具有PMI發泡體核心之中空型材,或藉由依照本發明之方法所製造且具有PMI發泡體核心之中空體是廣用的。雖然本描述絕無意被解釋作為限制,在此之主要議題是關於輕質結構。這尤其適用於汽車結構、商用載具結構、造船、飛機結構及直升機結構、用於建造
由風獲得能量之設施及用於太空旅行。在汽車結構中,可以特別提及折皺區之結構,例如已知為防撞箱(crash box)形式於汽車前部中。在此形式之用途中,包埋於合適基質中(例如再次地於PMI發泡體基質內)依照本發明之中空型材代表在機械方面幾乎等同於鋁或鋼,但同時具有明顯低的重量的替代品。
1‧‧‧將未處理之纖維合在一起
2‧‧‧將粗紗分開且將纖維定向
3‧‧‧在浸透槽內將未處理之纖維以產品特定之樹脂調合物浸漬/浸透
4‧‧‧使用塑模護套以使絞合線預成形
5‧‧‧在經加熱之塑模中進行成形、硬化及校準
6‧‧‧冷卻區
7‧‧‧張力處理
8‧‧‧利用鋸子分開
9‧‧‧導入發泡體核心
Claims (13)
- 一種包含PMI發泡體核心之纖維強化的連續型材的連續製造方法,其特徵在於該方法包含其中將由PMI製成之發泡體核心導入中心的拉擠成形法,且利用該拉擠成形法,在該核心周圍形成由纖維材料及熱塑性塑膠或熱固性塑膠製成之外層。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該發泡體核心係以多個相繼的個別塊材形式連續導入該拉擠成形設備中。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中該纖維材料包含碳纖維、玻璃纖維、聚合物纖維(特別是芳香族聚醯胺纖維(aramid fibre))、或紡織纖維,較佳是芳香族聚醯胺纖維或碳纖維。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該熱固性塑膠包含由以下樹脂之一者所形成之材料:聚酯樹脂、乙烯酯樹脂、酚樹脂、PU樹脂或環氧樹脂,較佳是由PU樹脂或由環氧樹脂所形成之材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中該纖維材料係以個別的纖維、粗紗及/或不織物、織物及/或無緯稀洋紗(laid scrim)的形式使用。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中使用密度範圍在30至200公斤/立方公尺之PMI發泡體作為該PMI發泡體核心之材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該拉擠成形 法包含在所導入之發泡體核心周圍進行的下列程序之一者:經修正之拉擠預成形、拉擠纏繞或拉擠編織。
- 一種包含PMI發泡體且由發泡體核心及外部材料所構成之中空型材,其特徵在於該外部材料包含利用纖維材料強化之熱固性塑膠且該發泡體核心包含PMI發泡體,而且該包含PMI發泡體之中空型材不具有黏著劑層且不具有接點。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之包含PMI發泡體之中空型材,其中在PMI發泡體核心與外罩材料之間的界面上該PMI發泡體核心具有包含基質材料之開孔。
- 如申請專利範圍第8或9項之包含PMI發泡體之中空型材,其中該熱固性塑膠包含硬化的環氧樹脂或硬化的PU樹脂,且其中該纖維材料包含碳纖維或玻璃纖維。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之包含PMI發泡體之中空型材,其中該PMI發泡體包含由金屬或其他塑膠製成而隨意呈管狀之另外的材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之包含PMI發泡體之中空型材,其中該PMI發泡體具有插入物,特別是金屬插入物。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第8至12項中至少一項之包含PMI發泡體的中空型材之用途,其係用於汽車結構、商用載具結構、造船、飛機結構、及直升機結構中、用於建造由風獲得能量之設施、及用於太空旅行。
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IL (1) | IL235780A0 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL2852493T3 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2624699C2 (zh) |
SG (1) | SG11201407728RA (zh) |
TW (1) | TW201412506A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2013174665A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA201409434B (zh) |
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AU2014344032B2 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2017-12-14 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Continuous production of profiles in a sandwich type of construction with foam cores and rigid-foam-filled profile |
EP3015256A1 (de) | 2014-10-27 | 2016-05-04 | Evonik Röhm GmbH | Herstellung mehrere unterschiedlicher Faserverbundbauteile für Großserien in einem kontinuierlichen Prozess |
EP3015255A1 (de) * | 2014-10-27 | 2016-05-04 | Evonik Röhm GmbH | Kontinuierliche Herstellung von Profilen in Sandwichbauweise mit Schaumkernen und Hartschaum gefülltes Profil |
TWI778957B (zh) * | 2016-03-30 | 2022-10-01 | 大陸商贏創特種化學(上海)有限公司 | 包含聚(甲基)丙烯醯亞胺發泡體粒子的聚合物混合物 |
DE102016221431B4 (de) * | 2016-11-01 | 2024-06-06 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines pultrudierten Trägerbauteils in Hybridbauweise |
DE102017009839A1 (de) * | 2017-07-12 | 2019-01-17 | Oke Kunststofftechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundprofils und Verbundprofil |
CN110126170A (zh) * | 2018-02-09 | 2019-08-16 | 南通中集翌科新材料开发有限公司 | 地板及用于制备其的方法和装置 |
KR102236570B1 (ko) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-04-07 | 주식회사 와이아이이엔지 | 유리섬유 보강근의 압착 성형 및 가열 장치 |
EP3978215A1 (de) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-06 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Herstellung von komplexen schaum-formkernen mit class-a fähigen oberflächen |
CN112477203A (zh) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-03-12 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | 一种整体成型复合材料结构的填充芯材的预定型方法 |
US11833703B2 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2023-12-05 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Process for producing foam panels for the production of foam films |
CN115230108A (zh) * | 2022-08-06 | 2022-10-25 | 辛昊霖 | 一种食品包装用泡沫材料及其制备方法 |
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BR0318517B1 (pt) * | 2003-09-30 | 2012-02-22 | cabo para transportar ou distribuir energia elétrica de média/alta tensão, e, processo para produzir o mesmo. | |
DE10350971A1 (de) | 2003-10-30 | 2005-06-02 | Röhm GmbH & Co. KG | Wärmeformbeständige Polymethacrylimid-Schaumstoffe mit feinen Poren |
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KR101118687B1 (ko) * | 2009-11-26 | 2012-03-06 | 한국신발피혁연구소 | 샌드위치형 복합판재의 제조방법 |
CN101728036B (zh) * | 2010-01-26 | 2011-11-23 | 陕西泰普瑞电工绝缘技术有限公司 | 一步成型的高电压复合绝缘子实心芯棒的制备方法 |
DE102010028695A1 (de) | 2010-05-06 | 2011-11-10 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Polymethacrylimid-Schaumstoffe mit verminderter Entflammbarkeit sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser |
DE102010038716A1 (de) | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-02 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zum In-Mold Foaming mit einem schäumbaren Medium und Deckschichten und dadurch erhältlicher Kunststoffformkörper |
DE102010042752A1 (de) | 2010-10-21 | 2012-04-26 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Neuartige Bauweise für PKW / NFZ Leichtbaukammerfelgen umfassend Bauweise, Materialkonzept, Konstruktionsmerkmale und Herstellverfahren |
CN102305174B (zh) * | 2011-07-04 | 2014-07-16 | 张向增 | 带扭角恒定横截面拉挤复合材料叶片及其拉挤成型方法 |
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2012
- 2012-05-21 DE DE102012208428A patent/DE102012208428A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2013
- 2013-05-13 US US14/402,446 patent/US20150151496A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-05-13 PL PL13725093T patent/PL2852493T3/pl unknown
- 2013-05-13 JP JP2015513086A patent/JP6141419B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-05-13 CA CA2874313A patent/CA2874313C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-05-13 EP EP13725093.2A patent/EP2852493B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-05-13 WO PCT/EP2013/059756 patent/WO2013174665A1/de active Application Filing
- 2013-05-13 CN CN201380034117.5A patent/CN104487231B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-05-13 KR KR1020147035438A patent/KR102060109B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-05-13 AU AU2013265532A patent/AU2013265532B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-05-13 DK DK13725093.2T patent/DK2852493T3/en active
- 2013-05-13 BR BR112014028933A patent/BR112014028933A2/pt active Search and Examination
- 2013-05-13 ES ES13725093.2T patent/ES2638335T3/es active Active
- 2013-05-13 SG SG11201407728RA patent/SG11201407728RA/en unknown
- 2013-05-13 RU RU2014151605A patent/RU2624699C2/ru active
- 2013-05-20 TW TW102117752A patent/TW201412506A/zh unknown
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2014
- 2014-11-18 IL IL235780A patent/IL235780A0/en unknown
- 2014-12-19 ZA ZA2014/09434A patent/ZA201409434B/en unknown
-
2015
- 2015-08-31 HK HK15108485.8A patent/HK1207841A1/zh unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR112014028933A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
EP2852493B1 (de) | 2017-07-12 |
US20150151496A1 (en) | 2015-06-04 |
KR20150024841A (ko) | 2015-03-09 |
AU2013265532A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 |
DK2852493T3 (en) | 2017-10-16 |
PL2852493T3 (pl) | 2017-12-29 |
KR102060109B1 (ko) | 2019-12-27 |
IL235780A0 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
CA2874313A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
JP2015518789A (ja) | 2015-07-06 |
CN104487231B (zh) | 2017-07-28 |
JP6141419B2 (ja) | 2017-06-07 |
ZA201409434B (en) | 2015-12-23 |
CN104487231A (zh) | 2015-04-01 |
CA2874313C (en) | 2021-03-09 |
HK1207841A1 (zh) | 2016-02-12 |
DE102012208428A1 (de) | 2013-11-21 |
SG11201407728RA (en) | 2015-01-29 |
EP2852493A1 (de) | 2015-04-01 |
ES2638335T3 (es) | 2017-10-19 |
AU2013265532B2 (en) | 2017-07-06 |
WO2013174665A1 (de) | 2013-11-28 |
RU2624699C2 (ru) | 2017-07-05 |
RU2014151605A (ru) | 2016-07-10 |
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