201025730 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種用於譬如一行動無線電話聽筒、 或個人電視接收器等一小型可攜式無線電終端設備的天 線。 【先前技術】 儘管已有眾多數位電視廣播國際標準，然許多播送皆 於譬如174至240百萬赫茲（MHz)與470至860MHz之國際 W 指定之頻帶中進行。 適合用於一行動接收器中之天線通常需能夠調諧，以 提供整個頻率範圍上之操作，其中最大頻率對最小頻率之 比大約爲5: 1。已知有小型天線，其具有因其尺寸限制之 頻寬，使得對此應用之一解決方案係調諧該天線，以最佳 地接收譬如期望之電視或無線電頻道所佔據之某些次頻帶 中之信號。本發明係有關於依此方式操作之天線的設計與 ❿ 調諧。 一種已知而適用於一小型可攜式終端設備之低尺寸天 線係第1圖中所顯示之倒L型天線，其中一饋送元件2係 連接至一延伸導電構件3。一發射器或接收器係連接於饋 送構件2與一接地平面1之間。 儘管已知可如第2圖中（請參閱Me Graw-Hill出版社於 1993年出版之「天線工程手冊」第3版’第27章’第27 至21頁）藉由位於、或接近一倒L型天線開路端之可變調 201025730 諧電容器4來調整該天線之操作頻率，然不可能由此方 法，在寬達5: 1之頻率範圍上獲致一準確阻抗匹配。第2 圖係顯示一倒L型天線，其相似於第1圖者，但具有連接 於上方細長形導電構件3與接地平面1之間的一可變電容 器4。藉由調整電容器4之値來改變調諧頻率。一發射器 或接收器係連接於饋送構件2與接地平面1之間。 一第二已知天線架構係顯示於第3圖中，其中倒L型 天線之延伸頂側導體3係由附加至頂側導體3之第二導體 ® 10激發。這種架構係描述爲一倒F型天線。導電構件2係 將細長型導電構件3連接至接地平面1。一發射器或接收 器係連接於饋送構件10與接地平面1之間。 第3圖中所示之這些架構的組合，提供了可在一延伸 頻帶上調諧之天線另一解決方案。當考慮一倒F型天線之 阻抗匹配時，已知可藉由控制二不同參數來達成匹配（John Wiley出版社於2007年出版，Zhi Ning Chen(編者）所編著 ^ 之「可攜式裝置用天線」第2章）》諧振頻率係由該倒F型 天線之延伸頂側導體長度，結合該導體之開路端與大地之 間的有效電容來控制。輸入阻抗之電阻性成份的量値可藉 由改變該饋送導體相對於該天線短路端之位置，甚至達該 饋送導體移動至該天線極對立末端之程度，如第4圖中所 顯示者，其中一饋送構件12係連接至細長型構件3之一末 端，且接地連接點11係定位於饋送元件12與細長型構件3 之開路端之間。 201025730 8 80 至 960MHz 構件3與大地1 達到可接受之性 調諧時，通常需 合要求的阻抗匹 阻性成份之値。 電抗，來獲致所 •種用於譬如一行 可攜式通訊裝置 :，及一分離之電 >並無關於能夠發 I的揭露。該電視 具有可將該PIFA 這種配置係與第 使第 EP 1 569 298 GSM頻帶二者之 •重切換接地連接 ，藉由多重開關、 i負載，將可能損 當應用於需操作在譬如行動電話頻帶 等有限頻帶上之天線時，定位細長形導電 之間的連接點11，以便可在全部頻帶上 能。然而，當該天線需在一寬頻率範圍上 改變接地連接點11之位置，以獲致一符 配，尤其係接近一期望數値的輸入阻抗電 不可能以一固定之接地位置、及單一可變 需之調諧範圍。 ® 歐洲專利案第EP 1 569 298號揭露一 動電話等可攜式通訊裝置之電視天線。該 具有二分離之天線一其中一用於電視信號 話天線用於全球行動通訊系統（GSM)信號< 射與接收電視及GSM信號二者之單一天箱 天線可呈一平板倒F型天線（PIFA)型式，其 某一末端連接至大地之可變調諧電容器。 φ 2圖與第3圖之組合相當，但無法提供可 號專利案之天線涵蓋一電視信號頻帶及一 充分調諧範圍。 爲了提供多重接地位置，可能使用多 點，但並未因此而提供連續調整手段。又 其連接點、及其控制電路所產生之電容性 害天線之射頻（RF)性能。 由國際專利案第WO 2006/033 199號得知，可提供一種 201025730 平板天線，其經由一第一可變電容器在一第一環周邊緣部 處、且亦在經由一第二可變電容器之第二位置處接地。該 第一可變電容器主要係作用來調諧該天線，且該第二者主 要係作用來改變電壓駐波比（VSWR)。可調整該等第一與第 二電容器以調節該天線之諧振頻率，而因此降低該天線置 於接近一使用者身體時（譬如當一使用者握持於手中且緊 靠該使用者頭部時）之暫時失配損失。專利案第 WO 2006/033 1 99號特別指一種微帶（patch)天線，且提供關於調 諧系統控制演算法之詳細說明，其中該等演算法容許該天 線回應感測到之失配損失而作重新調諧》專利案第WO 2006/033 199號中並無任何將這種調諧系統反應至一倒F型 天線之建議，且專利案第WO 2006/033 1 99號亦未認知到任 何以調諧天線來改善對於譬如一電視或無線電頻道所佔據 之既定次頻帶中之信號的接收的相關聯之問題。 亦由國際專利案第WO 2008/04992 1號中得知，可提供 一種具多重微帶元件之天線。該案主要係針對平行驅動該 等微帶元件，以提供多重頻率下操作之相關問題。可藉由 調整將該微帶元件接地之電容器來改變該微帶元件之操作 頻率，但並未提及在一非常寬頻率範圍上進行調整的問 題，這意味著並無任何用於快速調整該微帶元件之饋送區 之手段。此外，使用多重微帶元件諧振器將導致該天線總 尺寸較大。在單一輻射微帶元件之情況下，並未認知到、 或解決寬頻調諧之問題。 201025730 【發明內容】 依據本發明之一第一態樣，提供一種天線系統，包括 一導電倒F型天線元件，至少一第一及第二線路用於將該 天線元件接地，該等第一與第二線路係連接至該天線元件 不同位置處，及一第三線路，用於將該天線元件連接至一 無線電設備，其中該等第一與第二線路分別設有一第一與 第二電路組件，每一電路組件各具有一可調整電容性及/或 電感性電抗，以容許調諧該天線系統。 該第三線路典型地係適應於連接至一無線電發射器之 RF輸出端、及/或一無線電發射器之RF輸入端。 該第一線路在某些具體實施例中可視爲一負載線路、 該第二線路爲一調諧線路、及該第三線路爲一饋送電路。 該天線系統較佳地係一單極天線系統，其可與作用爲 平衡力之導電接地平面一起使用。 在例示實施例中，該等電路組件可構裝爲變容器 (var actors)(具有可變或可調整電容之組件）、或形成微機電 系統（MEMS)裝置一部份之電容器、或具有可調整電抗之 MEMS裝置。然而，將了解到，可使用容許依據需求來調 整、控制、及/或改變電容及/或電感之任何型式組件或裝 置。較佳地，可電子式地控制、或調整、或改變這種組件 或裝置，但在某些具體實施例中，手動控制可爲適當者。 任何型式之切換、或連續可變的電感器、及/或電容器，皆 可用於該第一或該第二線路、或著該二者中。 201025730 該第一或該第二電路組件（或著其二者）實際上可構裝 如一電容器、一電感器、一電容器並聯一電感器、或一電 容器串聯一電感器，且在每一情況下皆可選擇性地結合至 少一串聯或並聯、或其二者之電阻器。 在複數個較佳具體實施例中，該天線元件係一倒F型 天線元件，其具有一細長形導電輻射/接收組件，且該導電 輻射/接收組件附有一第一及第二末端，一接地腿部，及一 饋送線路，可將該天線之輸入端/輸出端連接至相關聯之無 線電發射器/接收設備。該第一線路包括該接地腿部，而該 第一電路組件將與該第一線路串聯且該第三線路係該饋送 線路。該等第一與第三線路較優地係於該細長形導電輻射/ 接收組件之第一末端處相互靠近地設置，且作爲一調諧線 路而與該第二電路組件相串聯之該第二線路，較佳地係連 接於大地與位在或接近該細長形導電輻射/接收組件第二 末端的位置之間。 該第一線路可位於該第三線路與該第二線路之間，或 著該第三線路可連接於該第一線路與該第二線路之間。換 言之，倘該第三線路與該鄰近第一線路之相對位置互換， 仍可保持寬頻調諧之能力。 可提供複數個額外線路，其可將該天線元件接地，且 其每一個皆與具有一電抗、較佳地一可變電抗之電路組件 相串聯。該等額外線路可包含切換手段，用以容許將其切 入或切離。 201025730 然而，可被理解到的是，這些額外線路係選用者。本 發明具體實施例之重要技術成果係源於可實現具有一最小 數量組件（二可變電容器，譬如變容器、MEMS裝置等）之系 統，可在全頻帶中匹配各類別之負載。藉由減少組件及開 關之數量，降低總電容性負載，且可改善該天線整體之RF 性能。此外，無論在專利案第WO 2006/033 199號或第WO 2 00 8/0499 2 1號中，皆完全未建議以一最少量組件而仍容許 將一倒F型天線調諧至一既定頻帶內之需求數量次頻帶（諸 如，用於電視信號者，不同的次頻帶係分派予不同的電視 頻道）的槪念。 該等導電天線元件可呈大致平面，且較佳地在裝設 後，大致平行於一接地平面。當該導電天線元件係呈細長 型時，其可沿一大致筆直線延伸，或著可彎曲、或形成爲 任何適當外型（包含規則或不規則曲折圖案、及/或螺旋圖 案）。該導電天線元件在某些具體實施例中，其本身可二次 反轉、或著摺疊、或者以其他方式成型或迴旋。 已發現可藉由控制與該第一（接地或負載）線路串聯而 設置之電容性或電感性電抗値，來改變該天線系統之耦合 因數。由前述發現到，可藉由在該導電輻射/接收組件開路 端處、或其附近提供一可變電抗，及提供可與連接至該導 電輻射/接收組件而形成一接地連接之導體相串聯的第二 可變電抗等二者，來在所需之頻率範圍上有效地匹配該天 線系統。 201025730 儘管已發現該二電抗作用之間有些許交互作用，然該 等效應可充份區隔而容許快速地選擇正確數値，來將該天 線系統調諧至一需求頻道。在一實際應用中，可由在一軟 體程式控制下運算之微處理器來執行，藉控制調諧電抗値 所達成調諧該天線系統動作，其中該軟體程式係可對任何 期望之操作頻率具體實施關於電路元件數値的簡單控制演 算法、或一査表（look-up table)者。 包括有可變電抗及選用開關的調諧電路可由一微處理 ® 器控制，該微處理器可在調諧程序期間、或亦可選擇性地 在其他時間，自該天線系統所連接之相關聯接收器接收資 訊，譬如關於該接收器輸入端處信號位準、或該接收器輸 出之品質之類比或數位式資訊。 儘管可將調諧程序之起始點儲存於接收器或相關聯記 憶電路內，然可能無法確知區域無線電或電視播送之頻 率，特別當該接收器已在其關閉狀態下於位置之間移動時 φ 尤然。搜尋信號、且同時將天線調諧最佳化之程序，需歷 經所有可用頻道及試圖調諧一信號，因此並非無意義，且 將佔用一段相當長的時間。當試圖於一空頻道（即，在任意 位置處之大多數頻道）上調諧時，該程序將較在一有佔用頻 道上者耗費更長時間，因此大多數的調諧時間耗用將徒勞 無功。可藉由提供一輔助接收器來支援該調諧程序，其中 該輔助接收器之功能係藉由參考譬如一全球導航衛星系統 (GNSS)等一衛星定位系統，如全球定位系統（GPS)，來決定 -10- 201025730 該接收設備之位置。這種接收器係小型、且可低成本取得 者。在一較佳具體實施例中，該接收設備設有一衛星導航 接收器、及譬如一行動電話或無線區域連線之通訊手段， 且可藉此手段而與連接至網際網路之資訊伺服器相通訊。 依該接收設備接收一詢間時，特指該接收器之地理位置， 一資訊伺服器回應一頻率清單，其中預期可在該接收器之 位置處尋得該等頻率下之可使用信號。該接收器接著試圖 僅在很可能尋得信號之該等頻率上調諧該天線系統。更甚 ® 者，網際網路伺服器可選擇性地提供資訊，以使該接收器 顯示一廣播源清單（譬如電視頻道之名稱）、及選擇性地可 由該等來源取得之廣播內容清單予使用。 可使該接收器獲取資訊來識別區域性可用無線電或電 視廣播頻道之替代方法，係藉識別該接收設備目前所在位 置之行動無線電手機的數量、及將該資訊傳送至資訊伺服 器者。該伺服器接著將依相同方式回應。由於這種方法需 Φ 維護所有手機識別碼及所有操作者位置之國際性資料庫， 因此其較需獲取一以衛星爲基礎之地理位置者更爲複雜。 直接傳輸地理座標者具有無需隨行動無線電網路擴充或修 改而更新的優點。 在一特別有用之具體實施例中，構裝爲一調諧線路之 該第二線路可包括一印刷、蝕刻、或以其他方式形成之導 電軌線或元件，其可構裝爲與該天線元件電磁耦合，但並 不電氣地連接至該天線元件本身， -11- 201025730 該第二線路之導電軌線可直接連接至RF大地、或可經 由具有一可調整電容性及/或電感性電抗之至少一電路組 件而連接至RF大地。 在複數個現有較佳具體實施例中，構裝成可與該第二 線路電磁耦合之該天線元件一部份係構裝有一曲折圖案， 該圖案定義至少一、且較佳地至少二個凹入口、或隙縫、 或間隙，而一導電RF接地構件之至少一、且較佳地至少二 個指狀件或延伸件可分別延伸入其中。 依據本發明之第二態樣，提供一種天線系統，包括一 導電倒F型天線元件，至少一第一及第二線路，用於將該 天線元件接地，該等第一與第二線路係連接至該天線元件 不同位置處，及一第三線路，用於將該天線元件連接至一 無線電設備，其中該第一線路設有至少一電路組件，其具 有一可調整電容性及/或電感性電抗，及其中該第二線路包 括一導電體，其並不電氣地連接至該導電天線元件，但構 裝成可與其電磁耦合。 該第二線路可額外地包含，具有一可調整電容性及/或 電感性電抗之至少一電路組件，該第二線路可經由該電路 組件而連接至RF大地、或可直接地連接至RF大地。當至 少一可調整電抗電路組件係設於該第二線路與RF大地之 間時，這將可用於在一寬頻率範圍上調諧該天線之諧振頻 率。 在複數個現有較佳具體實施例中，構裝成可與該第二 -12- 201025730 線路電磁耦合之該天線元件一部份係構裝有一曲折圖案， 該圖案定義至少一、且較佳地至少二個凹入口、或隙縫、 或間隙，而一導電RF接地構件之至少一、且較佳地至少二 個指狀件或延伸件可分別延伸入其中。 在該等導電天線元件形成爲一介電基板上之導電軌線 的具體實施例中，構裝成電磁耦合用之該天線元件之部 份，可在該基板上曲折，以定義所需之複數個凹入口、或 隙縫、或間隙，且該導電RF接地構件亦可形成爲該基板上 ^ 之一導電軌線，其中可形成該軌線之複數個指狀件，以延 伸入該等凹入口、或隙縫、或間隙（此後簡稱爲凹入口）中。 該等凹入口大體上具有由該天線元件曲折部所定義之複數 個平行側邊，然可了解到，該等凹入口無需呈筆直，而可 呈彎曲、或形成有彎角。 藉由調整每一該等指狀件及該等凹入口之各別寬度， 將可能安排電磁耦合程度，使得該（等）可變電抗電路組件 φ 之最小電容的任何效應，對該天線整體之諧振頻率具有一 降低或最小影響，而逐步地調高該（等）可變電抗電路組件 之電容至其最大値，將容許橫跨需求頻帶作調諧。 如同第一態樣中者，該第一線路可位於該第三線路與 該第二線路之間，或著該第三線路可被連接於該第一線路 與該第二線路之間。換言之，倘該第三線路與該鄰近第一 線路之相對位置互換，仍可保持寬頻調諧之能力。 依據本發明之第三態樣，提供一種依據該等第一或第 -13- 201025730 二態樣、且結合該天線元件所連附之無線電設備的系統。 該無線電設備可包括一射頻（RF)積體電路。 依據本發明之第四態樣，提供一種電路板，其包括一 介電基板，該基板包含一導電接地平面及不存有該接地平 面之既定區域，其更包括任何前述構想之天線系統，該導 電天線元件係形成、或印刷於該介電基板上之該既定區域 中〇 該電路板可包括一印刷電路板（PCB)、或印刷繞線板 W (PWB)，其可爲標準或客製化設計。典型地，這種電路板包 括具有導電接地平面之介電基板，而該導電接地平面係形 成於某一表面、或二表面上。另一選擇爲，該電路板可包 括一積層結構，其中一個或更多接地平面係夾於該等介電 層之間。 該等電路組件（譬如該等第一、第二、第三、或其他進 一步電路組件，及亦可選用之任何開關）至少其中之一，係 Q 佈設於該既定區域中。 在某些具體實施例中，所有該等電路組件皆佈設於該 既定區域中。 當設有一微處理器時，其亦可佈設於該既定區域中。 在包含譬如呈一 RF積體電路等之該無線電設備的具 體實施例中，該無線電設備可佈設於該既定區域內。 這種無線電設備本身可選擇性地提供’可對饋送至該 天線之調諧信號加以控制的能力。 -14- 201025730 如此，可形成一種包括一天線、一無線電設備、及一 選用控制手段的離散無線電模組，該模組係適合於配合至 各種不同通訊裝置，例如行動電話聽筒，行動電視或無線 電裝置，譬如筆記型電腦、連網電腦（netbook)、個人數位 助理、等可攜式電腦。 此外，可因此節省該電路板主要部份（此處不存在該接 地平面）上饒富價値之空間，而容許緊密之設計。 該無線電設備可被佈設於該既定區域之第一表面上， 〇 v 且該天線元件可被印刷或形成於該既定區域中、對立於該 第一表面之第二表面上。這將有助於更進一步節省該電路 板上之空間或基板面。 依據本發明之第五態樣，提供一種包含該第一或第二 態樣之天線系統的無線電通訊裝置。 依據本發明之第六態樣，提供一種包含該第四態樣之 電路板的無線電通訊裝置》 Φ 在本發明構想之天線系統的某些具體實施例中，該導 電天線元件、及該RF接地連接構件（當設有時），係沿大體 上平行於該天線系統之長軸的一個或更多線段摺疊。這可 藉由將該等相關導電元件形成爲一撓性基板上之蝕刻、或 印刷、或其他軌線，或著藉由將一金屬薄板衝印與摺叠出 該等相關導電元件，或著藉由將該等相關導電元件印刷至 一支持用絕緣基板上，或著藉其他手段達成。 在本發明第二態樣之某些具體實施例中，該天線系統 -15- 201025730 可構裝有一導電接地平面，其延伸於該天線系統中、無任 何導電軌線或元件形成其上之部份或區域的下方者。如 此，譬如一 RF接收器等其他電子組件可被設在此處，且因 此有助於節省饒富價値之PCB基板面。該RF饋送點及/或 該第一線路可被連接至該延伸接地平面區域之邊緣部。 將被了解的是，可藉數種不同方式形成該天線系統之 導電軌線或線路、及其他導電組件。在一典型PCB或PWB 中，可藉一蝕刻製程形成導電軌線，但在其他基板、特別 爲撓性基板上，可藉一導電墨水印刷而成。其他技術包含 濺射及噴霧。所有這些及其他適合之技術皆可用於本發明 之具體實施例中，且當在任何給定具體實施例之文字說明 中參照某一技術時，並非意欲排除其他技術之適用，除非 明顯互斥者以外。 在本說明書之全部說明及申請專利範圍中，「包括」 及「包含有」等字彙、以及該等字彙之變體，皆意指「包 含、但不限於」，及並非意欲（且並非）排除其他組成成份、 添加物、組件、整體、或步驟。 在本說明書之全部說明及申請專利範圍中，除文中另 有需求以外，否則單數型包含複數型。特別地，在使用不 確定冠詞之處，除文中另有需求以外，否則說明書將被了 解爲考慮複數及單數。 結合本發明之特定態樣、具體實施例、或範例作說明 之特點、整體、特徵、化合物、化學組成部份、或群組， -16- 201025730 應被了解爲可應用至此中所描述之其他任何構想 '具體 施例、或範例，除非互斥者以外。 【實施方式】 第5圖係顯示本發明之第一具體實施例，其中一第 可變反應式電路元件13係連接於細長形導電構件3之一 置點與接地平面1之間，且一第二可變反應式電路元件 係與導電構件2串聯設置》 第6圖係顯示本發明之第二具體實施例，其中一可 反應式電路元件13係連接於細長形導電構件3之位置點 接地平面1之間，且一第二可變反應式電路元件14係與 電構件1 1串聯設置。 在某一例示具體實施例中，可變反應式電路元件13 一可變電容器或可變二極體，且導電構件3之長度係呈 高操作頻率下之四分之一波長等級者。 第7圖係本發明之具體實施例，其中複數個反應式 路元件13、14、15、15’、15’’係並聯，且設有複數個開 手段16、17，藉此可依據控制信號而連接或斷開選定之 應式電路元件15、15’、15’’。這種開關16、17可譬如烏 由來自一控制微處理器（未顯示）之信號所作動的微機 (MEMs)開關。 本發明之應用並非以其中形成天線之導電構件係佈 成一簡單F型架構者的具體實施例爲限。譬如細長形導 3可被摺疊如第8圖中所顯示者、或者可被曲折或盤旋 實 位 14 愛 與 導 係 最 電 關 反 ， 電 設 體 Η.ΪΤ/- 來 -17- 201025730 提供具有較小總尺寸之天線。 第9圖係顯示本發明之具體實施例，其中I 32、33、34、37係運用印刷電路技術而形成於包 一導電層及一介電層之積層板上的共平面導體。 實施例中，可變反應式組件或MEMS裝置35、36 個導體40、41饋給控制電壓，且控制信號之回程 連接至饋送導體之譬如位於40處的一習知退耦 提供。可變反應式組件或MEMS裝置36可被設在 ® 33與37之接合點、與接地平面導體30的最接近缝 且沿著導體37之任何選定位置處。可藉由無需任 耦合手段之複數個導線或電路跡線41、42，來連 可變反應式組件或MEMS裝置35、36之信號。 第10圖係顯示另一配置，藉此可將控制電壓 變電容（變容器）二極體或MEMS裝置，而不致損 動作。在本解說用具體實施例中，一導體之圖案 φ —雙面或多層印刷電路積層板31上。由導電構件 34在基層板中、相同於接地平面30及凸出導電 面上形成天線。可藉較佳地形成於該導電元件33 之相對面上的複數個跡線38、39，來傳遞複數個 極體35、36之控制信號。依據已知的實現方式， 一串聯電感器及並聯電容器之複數個解耦合網路 42、43來連接該等導體。可爲了方便而選擇凸出 導電構件36之相對應凸出之尺寸。導電構件32 導電構件 括有至少 在本具體 係由複數 路徑係由 合電路所 介於導體 緣之間， 何特殊解 接到控制 傳遞至可 及天線之 係蝕刻於 32、33、 奪件37之 之積層板 變容器二 經由包括 40 > 41 ' 部37、及 係形成呈 -18- 201025730 一微條、或共平面波導傳輸線型式之天線輸入端。將被了 解到，可加入額外導體及解耦合電路，以控制串接或並接 之複數個MEMS裝置、或多重變容器二極體。 爲了使天線及其相關聯控制電路所佔據的面積或體積 最小化、或至少縮小，該等控制電路可被定位於接地平面 30之邊緣以及導電構件37、33、34、32所定義之區域內。 虛線100係指示印刷電路積層板31之範圍，可由此可看 出，接地平面30將可阻斷該邊緣短路，且餘留可由天線及 ® 其相關聯控制電路、以及可選擇之其他組件佔據的一基板 區域。 在替代實施中，控制電路係定位於該等導電構件本身 所定義之區域內，且裝配於該印刷電路板相對於該等導體 之面上》該等導體之確切寬度及形狀，對於天線性能而言 並非關鍵，因此可調整該等形狀，以在譬如導電構件33與 34接合點處，提供控制電路足夠的收容空間。在本構成之 φ 實施中，控制器之直流電源供應線路及輸入資料線路可於 連接至天線饋送點32之位置點處被解耦合。 第11圖係顯示另一具體實施例，其中導電構件32、 33、34係調整成適應除了實施天線導體之功能外，用於接 收或發射無線電信號之射頻（RF)積體電路，其中該積體電 路係定位於該等導電構件之輪廓內。由天線至該RF電路之 饋送，係由分別連接至導電構件54與55之跡線52舆53 提供。可將額外層加至該印刷電路板，以提供關聯於該積 -19- 201025730 體電路之其他進一步跡線，且可加入額外解耦合組件來防 止裝配天線裝置及電路、與位於接地平面30上者之間的連 接處的射頻能量損失。 第12圖係顯示一具體實施例，其中該接地平面之區域 已延伸，而在自該接地平面之凸出部上提供一 RF積體電路 50收容空間。在此，該RF微電路係藉一接點56連接至天 線結構，且藉一接點57接地。 可理解到，RFIC積體電路之其他位置可能位在天線架 ® 構內，而不致脫離一般槪念。 在所有以上範例中，該細長形導電構件與該接地平面 之間的距離，典型地小於操作頻帶中心的十分之一波長， 且該細長形構件之長度典型地小於相同頻率下之四分之一 波長。由於電氣上非常小的天線具有不佳之效率及有限之 頻寬，因此最小可用尺寸將由一特定應用所需求之效率及 頻寬決定。 ^ 在此說明之配置亦可應用於一平板倒 F型天線 (PIFA)，其中細長形導電構件33係由一平面導體取代，該 平面導體位在平行於該接地平面，且與其間隔有中間帶頻 率下之一小部份波長的一平面中。 在實現上述調諧系統時，已發現到電容之範圍、且特 別爲低壓可變電容二極體（變容器二極體）之最小電容的較 大値，將可對天線之性能產生一顯著限制。這種限制尤其 將對天線曲折區段末端處之調諧電容器造成影響。 -20- .201025730 已藉由將調諧電路間接地連結至天線之較長區段，而 發現到其解決方案。 第13圖係顯示（本發明第二態樣之）具體實施例，其中 天線導體3之較長區段或分支已曲折，用以縮減其所佔據 之空間（請比較第8圖具體實施例，其中顯示單一個例示曲 折部）。第13圖亦顯示出導體構件2、一饋送構件21、以 及位在連接該天線導體至接地平面30之線路上的第一與 第二可變電抗電路構件13、14。 第14圖係顯示結合有曲折區段之間接負載之具體實 施例。在本配置中，設置一導電RF接地構件20之導電構 件圖案，使其與曲折導體3電磁耦合，其中該接地構件具 有複數個指狀件200。指狀件200係延伸入曲折導體3之曲 折部所定義之複數個凹入口 3 00中。藉由將一可變電抗13 連接至無線電接地構件20中最接近大地之末端，即可在一 寬頻率範圍上調諧天線之諧振頻率。在例示圖式所示之範 例中，可變電抗13係呈一變容器二極體型式。藉由調整每 一指狀件200與凹入口 300各別之寬度，可安排耦合之程 度，使得該變容器二極體最小電容之效應對天線之諧振頻 率具有最小或至少較小之影響，同時逐步提高該變容器二 極體之電容至最大値，將容許橫跨譬如47 0至8 60百萬赫 茲（MHz)之需求頻帶進行調諧。如前述者，可調整耦合控制 電抗14之數値，以在所需操作頻率下提供一低電壓駐波比 (VSWR)。 -21- 201025730 在第15圖所顯示之另一具體實施例中，天線係沿 行於其長軸之一個或更多線段201摺疊。這種摺叠賴 之範例係顯示於第15圖中。可使用一撓性印刷電路、 金靥片衝印且摺疊出天線、藉由將導體印刷至一支持 緣基板上或者藉其他方法，來達成結合了這種摺叠之 具體實施例。單一摺疊可譬如將天線結構總尺寸自一 50公釐xl5公釐xl公釐改變成50公釐xlO公釐x5公 他進一步選擇包含環繞一管件形成該天線，該管件之 ❿ 可爲圓形、橢圓矩形、或任何期望之外型。以導電 刷之天線元件之變型可提供所有平面中皆有彎曲的 性3維空間外型變化。 在第16圖所顯示之另一具體實施例中，導電接 30所佔據之區域係延伸至位處於形成天線之該等導 之間的區域22中，以提供譬如接收器等其他電子組 空間。 在第17圖所顯示之另一具體實施例中，導電接: 30所佔據之區域係進一步延伸，且天線之饋送點21 延伸大地區域22上之便利位置。變容器二極體14 末端亦可選擇性地位於延伸大地區域22上。 第18圖係圖示出用於調諧該天線之實際電路配 本例示配置中，二變容器二極體36、36’係串聯而形 變調諧電容器，以降低可使用低壓二極體而獲致之 容値。可提供可變耦合電容器35單一二極體。一電！ 著平 201 由一 用絕 實際 典型 卜其 剖面 水印 多樣 平面 元件 收容 平面 移至 接地 卜在 一可 小電 器62 -22- 201025730 提供自耦合結構20至大地之一直流路徑，且亦提供一接地 電納，可選擇其數値以與調諧二極體36、36’共同作動，同 時複數個電感器60、61可在直流偏壓控制線路中形成RF 抗流器。在圖示之例示具體實施例中，直流偏壓Vt與Vc 各由包括有一充電泵及連接至接收器控制輸出端之運算放 大器的倍壓電路來提供。 爲了更佳地了解本發明，且顯示其如何實行，請參考 ^ 隨附圖式作爲範例。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係顯示一習知倒L型天線； 第2圖係顯示如第1圖中者之倒L型天線，但設有一 調諧電容器； 第3圖係顯示一習知倒F型天線； 第4圖係顯示第3圖之倒F型天線的另一選擇架構； 第5圖係以槪略圖示來顯示本發明之第一具體實施 〇 例； 第6圖係以槪略圖示來顯示本發明之第二具體實施 例； 第7圖係以槪略圖示來顯示本發明之第三具體實施 例； 第8圖係以槪略圖示來顯示本發明之第四具體實施 例； 第9圖係利用印刷電路技術顯示本發明現有較佳解說 -23- 201025730 用具體實施例； 第1 〇圖係利用印刷電路技術、及連至調諧組件之積體 信號線路顯示本發明另一現有較佳解說用具體實施例； 第11圖係顯示一具體實施例，其中用於接收或發射無 線電信號之射頻（RF)積體電路係定位於導電構件之輪廓 內； 第12圖係顯示一具體實施例，其中接地平面之區域已 延伸而在自接地平面之凸出部上提供一 RF積體電路收容 e 空間； 第13圖係顯示一簡單具體實施例，其中天線元件之某 —分支已曲折且接著經由一可變調諧組件直接連接至RF 大地： 第14圖係顯示一進化發展，其中天線元件之曲折分支 並非直接連接至RF大地，而設有具複數個指狀件之間接 RF接地構件，其中該等指狀件係凸入該曲折所形成之複數 φ 個凹入口中，而該接地構件係經由一可變調諧組件而連接 至RF大地者： 第15圖係顯示第14圖之具體實施例，其具有一天線 系統可相關於其作摺叠之摺疊線； 第16圖係顯示第14圖具體實施例之變型，其中導電 接地平面係延伸至天線系統所佔據之區域中； 第17圖係顯示第14圖具體實施例之變型，其中導電 接地平面係延伸至天線系統所佔據之區域中，且RF饋送點 -24- 201025730 係連接至該延伸接地平面之邊緣；及 第18圖係顯示用於調諧本發明具體實施例之實際電 路配置。 【主要元件符號說明】201025730 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to an antenna for a small portable radio terminal device such as a mobile radiotelephone, or a personal television receiver. [Prior Art] Although there are many international standards for digital television broadcasting, many broadcasts are performed in the frequency band designated by International W, such as 174 to 240 megahertz (MHz) and 470 to 860 MHz. Antennas suitable for use in a mobile receiver typically need to be tuned to provide operation over the entire frequency range where the ratio of maximum frequency to minimum frequency is approximately 5:1. Small antennas are known which have a bandwidth limited by their size, so that one solution for this application is to tune the antenna to optimally receive in certain sub-bands occupied by, for example, a desired television or radio channel. signal. The present invention relates to the design and 调谐 tuning of an antenna that operates in this manner. An inverted-L antenna shown in Fig. 1 of a low-profile antenna system known to be suitable for a small portable terminal device, wherein a feeding member 2 is connected to an extended conductive member 3. A transmitter or receiver is coupled between the feed member 2 and a ground plane 1. Although known as in Figure 2 (see the "Antenna Engineering Handbook", 3rd edition, Chapter 27, pages 27 to 21, published by Me Graw-Hill, 1993), by or near The open-ended end of the L-shaped antenna adjusts the 201025730 harmonic capacitor 4 to adjust the operating frequency of the antenna. However, it is impossible to achieve an accurate impedance matching in the frequency range of 5:1 wide by this method. Fig. 2 shows an inverted L-shaped antenna similar to that of Fig. 1, but having a variable capacitor 4 connected between the upper elongated conductive member 3 and the ground plane 1. The tuning frequency is changed by adjusting the chirp of the capacitor 4. A transmitter or receiver is coupled between the feed member 2 and the ground plane 1. A second known antenna architecture is shown in Figure 3, in which the extended top side conductor 3 of the inverted L-shaped antenna is excited by a second conductor ® 10 attached to the top side conductor 3. This architecture is described as an inverted F antenna. The conductive member 2 connects the elongated conductive member 3 to the ground plane 1. A transmitter or receiver is coupled between the feed member 10 and the ground plane 1. The combination of these architectures shown in Figure 3 provides another solution for antennas that can be tuned over an extended frequency band. When considering the impedance matching of an inverted F-type antenna, it is known to achieve matching by controlling two different parameters (published by John Wiley, 2007, edited by Zhi Ning Chen (editor) ^ for portable devices Antenna "Chapter 2)" The resonant frequency is controlled by the length of the extended top side conductor of the inverted F antenna combined with the effective capacitance between the open end of the conductor and the ground. The amount of the resistive component of the input impedance can be varied by changing the position of the feed conductor relative to the shorted end of the antenna, even to the extent that the feed conductor moves to the opposite end of the antenna, as shown in Figure 4, wherein A feed member 12 is coupled to one end of the elongate member 3 and the ground connection point 11 is positioned between the feed member 12 and the open end of the elongate member 3. 201025730 8 80 to 960MHz Component 3 and Earth 1 are acceptable. When tuning, the required impedance-resistance component is usually required. Reactance, to obtain the kind of use, such as a line of portable communication devices:, and a separate power > there is no disclosure about the ability to issue I. The television has a re-switching ground connection between the configuration of the PIFA and the first EP 1 569 298 GSM band, and the multi-switch, i-load, may be applied to the need to operate in, for example, a mobile phone. In the case of an antenna on a limited frequency band such as a frequency band, the connection point 11 between the elongated conductive lines is positioned so as to be achievable over the entire frequency band. However, when the antenna needs to change the position of the ground connection point 11 over a wide frequency range to obtain a match, especially the input impedance close to a desired number is not possible with a fixed ground position, and a single variable The tuning range required. A television antenna for a portable communication device such as a mobile telephone is disclosed in European Patent No. EP 1 569 298. The antenna with two separate antennas is used for a television signal antenna for Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) signals < Single-day box antenna for both transmitting and receiving television and GSM signals. The antenna can be in the form of a flat inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with one end connected to a variable tuning capacitor on earth. The φ 2 diagram is comparable to the combination of Figure 3, but the antenna that does not provide the patentable patent covers a television signal band and a sufficient tuning range. In order to provide multiple ground locations, multiple points may be used, but continuous adjustment is not provided. The radio frequency (RF) performance of the capacitive antenna generated by its connection point and its control circuitry. It is known from the international patent application No. WO 2006/033 199 to provide a 201025730 panel antenna via a first variable capacitor at a first circumferential edge portion and also via a second variable capacitor The second position is grounded. The first variable capacitor acts primarily to tune the antenna, and the second is primarily responsible for varying the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). The first and second capacitors can be adjusted to adjust the resonant frequency of the antenna, thereby reducing the antenna when placed in proximity to a user's body (eg, when a user holds the hand and abuts the user's head) ) Temporary mismatch loss. Patent No. WO 2006/033 1 99 specifically refers to a microstrip patch and provides a detailed description of the tuning system control algorithm, wherein the algorithms allow the antenna to respond to the sensed mismatch loss. There is no suggestion in the re-tuning of Patent No. WO 2006/033 199 to reflect such a tuning system to an inverted-F antenna, and Patent No. WO 2006/033 1 99 does not recognize any tuning antenna. To improve the associated problems with the reception of signals in a given sub-band occupied by, for example, a television or radio channel. It is also known from the International Patent Publication No. WO 2008/04992 1 to provide an antenna having multiple microstrip elements. The case is primarily directed to driving the microstrip components in parallel to provide problems associated with operation at multiple frequencies. The operating frequency of the microstrip element can be changed by adjusting the capacitor that grounds the microstrip element, but does not mention the problem of making adjustments over a very wide frequency range, which means that there is no need to quickly adjust the Means of the feeding zone of the microstrip element. In addition, the use of multiple microstrip element resonators will result in a larger overall antenna size. In the case of a single radiating microstrip element, the problem of wideband tuning is not recognized, or addressed. According to a first aspect of the present invention, an antenna system includes a conductive inverted-F antenna element, at least one first and second lines for grounding the antenna element, and the first a second line connected to the antenna element at a different position, and a third line for connecting the antenna element to a radio device, wherein the first and second lines are respectively provided with a first and second circuit component Each circuit component has an adjustable capacitive and/or inductive reactance to allow tuning of the antenna system. The third line is typically adapted to be coupled to an RF output of a radio transmitter, and/or to an RF input of a radio transmitter. The first line can be considered a load line in some embodiments, the second line is a tuning line, and the third line is a feed circuit. The antenna system is preferably a monopole antenna system that can be used with a conductive ground plane that acts as a balancing force. In an exemplary embodiment, the circuit components can be configured as var actors (components with variable or adjustable capacitance), or capacitors forming part of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device, or Adjust the reactance MEMS device. However, it will be appreciated that any type of component or device that allows for adjustment, control, and/or change of capacitance and/or inductance as desired may be used. Preferably, such an assembly or device can be electronically controlled, adjusted, or altered, but in some embodiments, manual control can be appropriate. Any type of switching, or continuously variable inductor, and/or capacitor, can be used in the first or second line, or both. 201025730 The first or second circuit component (or both) may actually be configured as a capacitor, an inductor, a capacitor in parallel with an inductor, or a capacitor in series with an inductor, and in each case All of the resistors in series or in parallel, or both, can be selectively combined. In a plurality of preferred embodiments, the antenna element is an inverted-F antenna element having an elongated conductive radiation/receiving component, and the conductive radiation/receiving component is attached with a first and a second end, a ground The legs, and a feed line, can connect the input/output of the antenna to an associated radio transmitter/receiver. The first line includes the ground leg and the first circuit component will be in series with the first line and the third line is the feed line. The first and third lines are preferably disposed adjacent to each other at a first end of the elongated conductive radiation/receiving assembly, and the second line is connected in series with the second circuit assembly as a tuning line Preferably, it is connected between the ground and a position at or near the second end of the elongated conductive radiation/receiving assembly. The first line may be located between the third line and the second line, or the third line may be connected between the first line and the second line. In other words, if the third line is interchanged with the adjacent first line, the ability to maintain wideband tuning is maintained. A plurality of additional lines can be provided that can ground the antenna elements, each of which is in series with a circuit component having a reactance, preferably a variable reactance. These additional lines may include switching means to allow them to be cut or cut away. 201025730 However, it can be appreciated that these additional lines are subscribers. Important technical results of embodiments of the present invention result from systems that can implement a minimum number of components (two variable capacitors, such as varactors, MEMS devices, etc.) that can match the various classes of loads across the full band. By reducing the number of components and switches, the total capacitive load is reduced and the overall RF performance of the antenna can be improved. In addition, in Patent No. WO 2006/033 199 or WO 2 00 8/0499 21, it is not entirely recommended to tune an inverted F antenna to a predetermined frequency band with a minimum number of components. The number of sub-bands required (such as those used for television signals, different sub-bands are assigned to different television channels). The electrically conductive antenna elements can be substantially planar and, preferably, mounted substantially parallel to a ground plane. When the electrically conductive antenna element is elongate, it may extend along a generally straight line, or may be curved, or formed into any suitable form (including regular or irregular meandering patterns, and/or spiral patterns). The electrically conductive antenna element, in some embodiments, may itself be reversed, folded, or otherwise shaped or swiveled. It has been found that the coupling factor of the antenna system can be varied by controlling the capacitive or inductive reactance set in series with the first (ground or load) line. It can be seen from the foregoing that a variable reactance can be provided at or near the open end of the conductive radiation/receiving component, and a conductor can be provided in series with a conductor connected to the conductive radiating/receiving component to form a ground connection. Both of the second variable reactances are effective to match the antenna system over the desired frequency range. 201025730 Although it has been found that there is a slight interaction between the two reactances, these effects can be adequately separated to allow for rapid selection of the correct number to tune the antenna system to a demand channel. In a practical application, it can be executed by a microprocessor operating under the control of a software program, and the antenna system can be tuned by controlling the tuning reactance, wherein the software program can implement the circuit for any desired operating frequency. A simple control algorithm for the number of components, or a look-up table. The tuning circuit including the variable reactance and the selection switch can be controlled by a microprocessor that can receive from the associated connection of the antenna system during the tuning process or alternatively at other times. The device receives information such as analog or digital information about the level of the signal at the input of the receiver or the quality of the output of the receiver. Although the starting point of the tuning procedure can be stored in the receiver or associated memory circuit, the frequency of regional radio or television transmissions may not be known, especially when the receiver has moved between positions in its closed state. Especially. The process of searching for signals and simultaneously optimizing the antenna tuning requires all available channels and attempts to tune a signal, so it is not meaningless and will take a considerable amount of time. When attempting to tune on an empty channel (i.e., most of the channels at any location), the program will take longer than on an occupied channel, so most of the tuning time consumption will be futile. The tuning procedure can be supported by providing an auxiliary receiver, wherein the function of the auxiliary receiver is determined by reference to a satellite positioning system such as a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), such as a Global Positioning System (GPS). -10- 201025730 The location of the receiving device. Such a receiver is small and can be obtained at a low cost. In a preferred embodiment, the receiving device is provided with a satellite navigation receiver, and a communication means such as a mobile phone or a wireless area connection, and can be connected to the information server connected to the Internet by means of this means. communication. When the receiving device receives a polling location, specifically referring to the geographic location of the receiver, an information server responds to a frequency list in which it is expected that the usable signals at the frequencies can be found at the location of the receiver. The receiver then attempts to tune the antenna system only at the frequencies at which the signal is likely to be found. Furthermore, the Internet server can selectively provide information to enable the receiver to display a list of broadcast sources (such as the name of a television channel), and optionally a list of broadcast content available from such sources. . An alternative method of enabling the receiver to obtain information to identify a regionally available radio or television broadcast channel is to identify the number of mobile radio handsets at which the receiving device is currently located and to communicate the information to the information server. The server will then respond in the same way. Since this method requires Φ to maintain an all-in-one database of all mobile phone identification codes and all operator locations, it is more complicated to acquire a satellite-based geographical location. Direct transmission of geographic coordinates has the advantage of not requiring updates with mobile radio network expansion or modification. In a particularly useful embodiment, the second line configured as a tuning line can include a printed, etched, or otherwise formed conductive trace or component that can be configured to be electromagnetically coupled to the antenna element. Coupling, but not electrically connected to the antenna element itself, -11-201025730 The conductive trace of the second line can be directly connected to the RF ground, or can have at least an adjustable capacitive and/or inductive reactance A circuit component is connected to the RF ground. In a plurality of prior preferred embodiments, a portion of the antenna element that is configured to be electromagnetically coupled to the second line is configured to have a meandering pattern defining at least one, and preferably at least two recesses An inlet, or a slit, or a gap, and at least one, and preferably at least two, fingers or extensions of a conductive RF grounding member may extend therein, respectively. According to a second aspect of the present invention, an antenna system is provided, including a conductive inverted-F antenna element, at least one first and second lines for grounding the antenna element, and the first and second line systems are connected And at a different position to the antenna element, and a third line for connecting the antenna element to a radio device, wherein the first line is provided with at least one circuit component having an adjustable capacitive and/or inductive The reactance, and wherein the second line comprises an electrical conductor that is not electrically connected to the electrically conductive antenna element, but is configured to be electromagnetically coupled thereto. The second line may additionally include at least one circuit component having an adjustable capacitive and/or inductive reactance, the second line being connectable to the RF ground via the circuit component, or directly connectable to the RF earth . When at least one adjustable reactance circuit component is disposed between the second line and the RF ground, this can be used to tune the resonant frequency of the antenna over a wide frequency range. In a plurality of prior preferred embodiments, a portion of the antenna element that is configured to be electromagnetically coupled to the second -12-201025730 line is provided with a meandering pattern defining at least one, and preferably at least one, and preferably At least two recessed inlets, or slits, or gaps, and at least one, and preferably at least two, fingers or extensions of a conductive RF grounding member may extend therein, respectively. In a specific embodiment in which the conductive antenna elements are formed as conductive traces on a dielectric substrate, portions of the antenna elements configured for electromagnetic coupling may be tortuous on the substrate to define a desired plurality of a recessed inlet, or a slit, or a gap, and the conductive RF grounding member may also be formed as a conductive trace on the substrate, wherein a plurality of fingers of the trace may be formed to extend into the recessed inlet , or a slit, or a gap (hereinafter referred to simply as a concave inlet). The recessed inlets generally have a plurality of parallel sides defined by the meandering portions of the antenna elements, although it is understood that the recessed inlets need not be straight, but may be curved or formed with a meandering angle. By adjusting the respective widths of each of the fingers and the recessed inlets, it is possible to arrange the degree of electromagnetic coupling such that any effect of the minimum capacitance of the (etc.) variable reactance circuit component φ is to the antenna as a whole. The resonant frequency has a reduced or minimal effect, and gradually increasing the capacitance of the (relevant) reactive reactance circuit component to its maximum 値 will allow tuning across the desired frequency band. As in the first aspect, the first line may be located between the third line and the second line, or the third line may be connected between the first line and the second line. In other words, if the relative position of the third line to the adjacent first line is interchanged, the ability to wideband tuning can be maintained. According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system in accordance with the first or the first -13-201025730 and incorporating the radio device to which the antenna element is attached. The radio can include a radio frequency (RF) integrated circuit. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a circuit board includes a dielectric substrate including a conductive ground plane and a predetermined area where the ground plane is not present, and further includes any of the antenna systems of the foregoing concept, The conductive antenna element is formed or printed in the predetermined area on the dielectric substrate. The circuit board may comprise a printed circuit board (PCB) or a printed wiring board W (PWB), which may be standard or custom Design. Typically, such a circuit board includes a dielectric substrate having a conductive ground plane that is formed on a surface, or both surfaces. Alternatively, the circuit board can include a laminate structure in which one or more ground planes are sandwiched between the dielectric layers. At least one of the circuit components (such as the first, second, third, or other further circuit components, and any switches that may be selected) is disposed in the predetermined area. In some embodiments, all of the circuit components are disposed in the predetermined area. When a microprocessor is provided, it can also be disposed in the predetermined area. In a specific embodiment of the radio device comprising, for example, an RF integrated circuit, the radio device can be disposed within the predetermined area. Such a radio itself can optionally provide the ability to control the tuning signal fed to the antenna. -14- 201025730 As such, a discrete radio module including an antenna, a radio, and an optional control means can be formed, the module being adapted to be mated to a variety of different communication devices, such as a mobile telephone handset, mobile television or radio Devices, such as notebook computers, netbooks, personal digital assistants, and other portable computers. In addition, it saves a lot of space on the main part of the board (the ground plane is not present here), allowing for a tight design. The radio device can be disposed on the first surface of the predetermined area, and the antenna element can be printed or formed in the predetermined area and opposed to the second surface of the first surface. This will help to further save space or substrate surface on the board. According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a radio communication device comprising the antenna system of the first or second aspect is provided. According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, a radio communication device including the circuit board of the fourth aspect is provided. Φ In some embodiments of the antenna system contemplated by the present invention, the conductive antenna element and the RF ground are The connecting members (when provided) are folded along one or more line segments that are substantially parallel to the long axis of the antenna system. This can be accomplished by forming the associated conductive elements as etched, or printed, or other tracks on a flexible substrate, or by stamping and folding a metal sheet into the associated conductive elements, or This is achieved by printing the related conductive elements onto a supporting insulating substrate or by other means. In some embodiments of the second aspect of the present invention, the antenna system -15-201025730 can be configured with a conductive ground plane extending in the antenna system without any conductive traces or components forming thereon The person below the share or area. Thus, other electronic components such as an RF receiver can be located here, and thus contribute to saving the cost of the PCB substrate surface. The RF feed point and/or the first line can be connected to an edge portion of the extended ground plane region. It will be appreciated that the conductive traces or lines of the antenna system, as well as other conductive components, can be formed in a number of different ways. In a typical PCB or PWB, a conductive trace can be formed by an etching process, but on other substrates, particularly a flexible substrate, can be printed by a conductive ink. Other techniques include sputtering and spraying. All of these and other suitable techniques can be used in the specific embodiments of the present invention, and when referring to a particular technology in the description of any given embodiment, it is not intended to exclude the application of the other than. In the context of the entire description and the scope of the application, the words "including" and "including", and variations of the words, mean "including, but not limited to", and are not intended (and are not intended to be excluded). Other components, additives, components, ensembles, or steps. In the full description of the specification and the scope of the patent application, the singular type includes the plural type unless otherwise required. In particular, where an unambiguous article is used, the specification will be construed as considering the plural and the singular, unless otherwise required. Features, integers, features, compounds, chemical constituents, or groups that are described in connection with specific aspects, specific examples, or examples of the invention, should be understood as being applicable to the other described herein. Any idea 'specific examples, or examples, unless otherwise excluded. [Embodiment] FIG. 5 is a view showing a first embodiment of the present invention, in which a variable-response circuit component 13 is connected between one of the elongated conductive members 3 and the ground plane 1, and The two variable-reaction circuit components are arranged in series with the conductive member 2" Fig. 6 shows a second embodiment of the present invention in which a reactive circuit component 13 is connected to the ground plane of the position of the elongated conductive member 3. Between 1 and a second variable reactive circuit component 14 is disposed in series with the electrical component 1 1 . In an exemplary embodiment, the variable reactive circuit component 13 is a variable capacitor or a variable diode, and the length of the conductive member 3 is at a quarter wavelength level at a high operating frequency. Figure 7 is a specific embodiment of the present invention, in which a plurality of reactive road elements 13, 14, 15, 15', 15" are connected in parallel, and a plurality of opening means 16, 17 are provided, whereby the control signal can be used. The selected circuit components 15, 15', 15" are connected or disconnected. Such switches 16, 17 can be operated, for example, by a microcomputer (MEMs) switch that is actuated by a signal from a control microprocessor (not shown). The application of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment in which the conductive members forming the antennas are arranged in a simple F-frame. For example, the elongated guide 3 can be folded as shown in Fig. 8, or can be bent or hovered. 14 Love and guide are the most electrically closed, and the electric device is Η.ΪΤ/-来-17- 201025730 Small overall size antenna. Figure 9 is a diagram showing a specific embodiment of the present invention in which I 32, 33, 34, 37 are formed by coplanar conductors on a laminate of a conductive layer and a dielectric layer using printed circuit technology. In an embodiment, the variable reactive component or MEMS device 35, 36 conductors 40, 41 feed a control voltage, and the return link of the control signal is coupled to a feed conductor, such as a conventional decoupling at 40. The variable reactive component or MEMS device 36 can be placed at the junction of ® 33 and 37, closest to the ground plane conductor 30 and along any selected location of the conductor 37. The signals of the variable reactive components or MEMS devices 35, 36 can be coupled by a plurality of wires or circuit traces 41, 42 that do not require any coupling means. Figure 10 shows another configuration whereby the control voltage can be made to a variable capacitance (varactor) diode or MEMS device without damaging action. In the present embodiment, a pattern of conductors φ - double-sided or multilayer printed circuit laminate 31 is used. An antenna is formed by the conductive member 34 in the base layer, the same as the ground plane 30, and the convex conductive surface. The control signals of the plurality of pole bodies 35, 36 can be transmitted by a plurality of traces 38, 39 preferably formed on opposite faces of the conductive element 33. According to a known implementation, a plurality of decoupling networks 42, 43 of a series inductor and a shunt capacitor are connected to the conductors. The size of the corresponding convex portion of the conductive member 36 can be selected for convenience. Conductive member 32 The conductive member includes at least the specific path between the conductor edges of the circuit by the circuit, and the special solution is connected to the control antenna to be etched at 32, 33, and the member 37. The laminated plate varactor 2 is connected to the antenna input including a 40 > 41 ' portion 37 and a microstrip of -18-201025730 or a coplanar waveguide transmission line. It will be appreciated that additional conductors and decoupling circuits can be added to control a plurality of MEMS devices, or multiple varactor diodes, connected in series or in parallel. In order to minimize, or at least reduce, the area or volume occupied by the antenna and its associated control circuitry, the control circuitry can be positioned at the edge of the ground plane 30 and within the area defined by the conductive members 37, 33, 34, 32. . The dashed line 100 indicates the extent of the printed circuit laminate 31, from which it can be seen that the ground plane 30 will block the edge short circuit and the remainder may be occupied by the antenna and its associated control circuitry, and optionally other components. A substrate area. In an alternative implementation, the control circuitry is positioned within the area defined by the electrically conductive members themselves and mounted on the surface of the printed circuit board relative to the conductors, the exact width and shape of the conductors, for antenna performance. It is not critical that the shapes can be adjusted to provide sufficient containment space for the control circuitry at the junction of conductive members 33 and 34, for example. In the implementation of φ of the present configuration, the DC power supply line and the input data line of the controller can be decoupled at a point of connection to the antenna feed point 32. Figure 11 shows another embodiment in which the conductive members 32, 33, 34 are adapted to accommodate a radio frequency (RF) integrated circuit for receiving or transmitting radio signals in addition to the function of the antenna conductor, wherein the product The body circuit is positioned within the contour of the electrically conductive members. The feed from the antenna to the RF circuit is provided by traces 52 舆 53 that are connected to conductive members 54 and 55, respectively. Additional layers may be applied to the printed circuit board to provide additional further traces associated with the -19-201025730 body circuit, and additional decoupling components may be added to prevent assembly of the antenna assembly and circuitry from being located on the ground plane 30. Loss of RF energy at the junction between the two. Fig. 12 shows a specific embodiment in which the area of the ground plane has been extended, and an RF integrated circuit 50 accommodating space is provided on the projection from the ground plane. Here, the RF microcircuit is connected to the antenna structure by a contact 56 and grounded by a contact 57. It can be understood that the other positions of the RFIC integrated circuit may be located in the antenna frame structure without being detached from the general commemoration. In all of the above examples, the distance between the elongate conductive member and the ground plane is typically less than one tenth of the wavelength of the center of the operating band, and the length of the elongate member is typically less than four quarters of the same frequency. One wavelength. Since electrical very small antennas have poor efficiency and limited bandwidth, the minimum available size will be determined by the efficiency and bandwidth required for a particular application. The configuration described herein can also be applied to a flat inverted-F antenna (PIFA) in which the elongated conductive member 33 is replaced by a planar conductor that is positioned parallel to the ground plane and has an intermediate strip therebetween. One of a few wavelengths in a plane at a frequency. In implementing the above tuning system, it has been found that a range of capacitances, and in particular a larger capacitance of the low capacitance of a low voltage variable capacitance diode (varactor diode), can have a significant limitation on the performance of the antenna. This limitation will in particular affect the tuning capacitor at the end of the tortuous section of the antenna. -20- .201025730 The solution has been found by indirectly connecting the tuning circuit to the longer section of the antenna. Figure 13 shows a specific embodiment (in the second aspect of the invention) in which the longer section or branch of the antenna conductor 3 has been tortuous to reduce the space it occupies (please compare the embodiment of Fig. 8, It shows a single example of a tortuous part). Figure 13 also shows the conductor member 2, a feed member 21, and first and second variable reactance circuit members 13, 14 positioned on the line connecting the antenna conductor to the ground plane 30. Fig. 14 shows a specific embodiment in which an indirect load is incorporated in a meandering section. In the present configuration, a conductive member pattern of a conductive RF ground member 20 is provided for electromagnetic coupling with the meandering conductor 3, wherein the ground member has a plurality of fingers 200. The fingers 200 extend into a plurality of recessed inlets 300 defined by the meandering portions of the meandering conductor 3. The resonant frequency of the antenna can be tuned over a wide frequency range by connecting a variable reactance 13 to the end of the radio grounding member 20 closest to the earth. In the example illustrated in the illustrated figures, the variable reactance 13 is in the form of a varactor diode. By adjusting the respective widths of each of the fingers 200 and the recessed inlets 300, the degree of coupling can be arranged such that the effect of the minimum capacitance of the varactor diode has a minimum or at least a small effect on the resonant frequency of the antenna, while Gradually increasing the capacitance of the varactor diode to a maximum 値 will allow tuning around the desired frequency band, such as 47 0 to 8 60 megahertz (MHz). As previously mentioned, the number of coupling control reactances 14 can be adjusted to provide a low voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) at the desired operating frequency. -21- 201025730 In another embodiment shown in Fig. 15, the antenna is folded along one or more of the line segments 201 of its long axis. An example of such a fold is shown in Figure 15. A specific embodiment incorporating such folding can be achieved using a flexible printed circuit, a gold foil print and folding the antenna, printing the conductor onto a support edge substrate, or by other means. A single fold can be, for example, changing the total size of the antenna structure from a 50 mm x 15 mm x 1 mm to 50 mm x 10 mm x 5. Further, the arrangement comprises forming the antenna around a tube, the tube of which can be circular, Elliptical rectangle, or any desired shape. Variations in the antenna element of the conductive brush provide a dimensional 3-dimensional spatial variation in all planes. In another embodiment, shown in Fig. 16, the area occupied by the conductive contacts 30 extends into the region 22 between the turns forming the antenna to provide other electronic group space such as a receiver. In another embodiment shown in FIG. 17, the area occupied by the conductive contacts 30 is further extended and the feed point 21 of the antenna extends at a convenient location on the land area 22. The end of the varactor diode 14 can also be selectively located on the extended earth region 22. Figure 18 is a diagram showing an actual circuit for tuning the antenna. In the exemplary configuration, the two-transistor diodes 36, 36' are connected in series to form a tuning capacitor to reduce the tolerance that can be obtained by using the low-voltage diode. . A variable coupling capacitor 35 can be provided as a single diode. One electric! The flat 201 is moved from a storage plane to a ground plane by a practically typical cross-section watermark of a plurality of planar components. A small electrical device 62-22-201025730 provides a self-coupling structure 20 to one of the earth's DC paths, and also provides a grounding power. Alternatively, the number of turns can be selected to operate in conjunction with the tuning diodes 36, 36', while the plurality of inductors 60, 61 can form an RF current regulator in the DC bias control line. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, DC bias voltages Vt and Vc are each provided by a voltage doubling circuit including a charge pump and an operational amplifier coupled to the receiver control output. In order to better understand the present invention and show how it is implemented, please refer to ^ with the accompanying drawings as an example. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 shows a conventional inverted L-shaped antenna; Fig. 2 shows an inverted L-shaped antenna as shown in Fig. 1, but with a tuning capacitor; Fig. 3 shows a conventional Inverted F-type antenna; Figure 4 shows another alternative architecture of the inverted-F antenna of Figure 3; Figure 5 shows a first embodiment of the present invention in a schematic representation; Figure 6 shows BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A second embodiment of the present invention is shown in a schematic view; FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a third embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the first embodiment of the present invention. 4th embodiment; FIG. 9 shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention by using printed circuit technology -23-201025730. The first embodiment uses a printed circuit technology and an integrated signal line connected to the tuning component. Another prior embodiment of the present invention is a preferred embodiment; FIG. 11 shows a specific embodiment in which a radio frequency (RF) integrated circuit for receiving or transmitting a radio signal is positioned within the contour of the conductive member; The figure shows a specific embodiment in which the ground is flat The area of the face has been extended to provide an RF integrated circuit housing e-space on the projection from the ground plane; Figure 13 shows a simple embodiment in which a certain branch of the antenna element has been tortuous and then passed through a The variable tuning component is directly connected to the RF earth: Figure 14 shows an evolutionary development in which the tortuous branch of the antenna element is not directly connected to the RF ground, but is provided with a plurality of finger-connected RF grounding members, wherein the fingers The member protrudes into a plurality of φ recessed inlets formed by the meander, and the grounding member is coupled to the RF earth via a variable tuning assembly: Figure 15 shows a specific embodiment of Figure 14 having An antenna system may be associated with a folded line for folding; Figure 16 shows a variation of the embodiment of Figure 14, wherein the conductive ground plane extends into the area occupied by the antenna system; Figure 17 shows the 14th A variation of the embodiment in which the conductive ground plane extends into the area occupied by the antenna system and the RF feed point -24 - 201025730 is connected to the edge of the extended ground plane And FIG. 18 for tuning a particular embodiment of a display system of the present embodiment of the invention, the actual circuit configuration. [Main component symbol description]
1 接地平面 2 饋送元件 3 延伸導電構件 4 可變調諧電容器 10 第二導體 11 大地 12 饋送構件 13 (第一）可變反應式電路元件 14 第二可變反應式電路元件 15 反應式電路元件 15， 反應式電路元件 15’， 反應式電路元件 16 開關裝置 17 開關裝置 20 導電射頻接地構件 21 饋送構件 22 區域 30 接地平面導體 31 (雙面或多層）印刷電路積層板 -25- 2010257301 Ground plane 2 Feed element 3 Extended conductive member 4 Variable tuning capacitor 10 Second conductor 11 Earth 12 Feed member 13 (First) Variable reactive circuit element 14 Second variable reactive circuit element 15 Reactive circuit element 15 Reactive circuit component 15', reactive circuit component 16 switching device 17 switching device 20 conductive RF grounding member 21 feed member 22 region 30 ground plane conductor 31 (double-sided or multilayer) printed circuit laminate - 25 - 201025730
❿ 32 33 34 35 36 36’ 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 50 52 53 54 55 56 57 60 61 62 導電構件 導電構件 導電構件 可變反應式組件或MEMS裝置 可變反應式組件或MEMS裝置 變容器二極體 導電構件 跡線 跡線 導體 導體 導線或電路跡線 退耦合網路 射頻積體電路 跡線 跡線 導電構件 導電構件 接點 接點 電感器 電感器 電感器 -26- 201025730 10 0 虛線 200 指狀件 201 線段 300 凹入口 Vt 直流偏壓 Vc 直流偏壓❿ 32 33 34 35 36 36' 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 50 52 53 54 55 56 57 60 61 62 Conductive member Conductive member Conductive member Variable reactive component or MEMS device Variable reactive component or MEMS device varactor II Polar body conductive member trace trace conductor conductor wire or circuit trace decoupling network RF integrated circuit trace trace conductive member conductive member contact contact inductor inductor inductor -26- 201025730 10 0 dotted line 200 Shape 201 Line Segment 300 Recessed Entrance Vt DC Bias Vc DC Bias
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