SU931414A1

SU931414A1 - Apparatus for magnetic abrasive working of parts

Info

Publication number: SU931414A1
Application number: SU792832648A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Юрий Александрович Базарнов; Фаддей Юльянович Сакулевич; Василий Васильевич Смоляк
Original assignee: Физико-Технический Институт Ан Белсср
Priority date: 1979-10-26
Filing date: 1979-10-26
Publication date: 1982-05-30

Description

Изобретение относится к чистовой обработке и может быть использовано для полирования ферропорошками в магнитном поле наружных и внутренних поверхностей тел вращения.The invention relates to finishing and can be used for polishing with ferropowders in the magnetic field of the external and internal surfaces of bodies of revolution.

Известно устройство для магнитно-абра- 5 зивной обработки наружных поверхностей тел вращения, установленных с возможностью осциллинирующего движения, помещенных между радиально расположенными сердечниками электромагнитной системы П1- 10A device for magnetically abrasive processing of the outer surfaces of bodies of revolution, installed with the possibility of oscillating motion, placed between the radially arranged cores of the electromagnetic system P1-10

Это устройство хорошо зарекомендовало , себя на практике при обработке небольших по размерам и массе деталей, не требующих высокой производительности. При обработке более крупных деталей с одновременным повышением производительности начи- ^<5нают сказываться следующие недостатки устройства.This device has proven itself in practice when processing small in size and mass of parts that do not require high performance. When processing larger parts with a simultaneous increase in productivity, the following device disadvantages begin to affect ^<5 .

Прямолинейное вдоль оси изделия движение осцилляции не способствует переме- ₂о шиванию обрабатывающего порошка в рабочих зазорах, которое необходимо для непрерывного вступления в работу новых зерен порошка, повышающих интенсивность обработки.Rectilinear article along the axis of oscillation movement is not conducive pereme- ₂ Shivani treatment of the powder in the working gaps which is necessary for continuous operation in the entry of new powder grains, increasing the intensity of treatment.

При обработке крупногабаритных изделий придание им осциллирующего движения вызывает значительные динамические нагрузки на узлы устройства. При необходимости использования большой частоты осцилляции, например свыше 500 колебаний в минуту, обработка тяжелых деталей становится затруднительной, ведет к резкому усложнению конструкции, а иногда вообще невозможна.When processing large-sized products, giving them an oscillating motion causes significant dynamic loads on the nodes of the device. If it is necessary to use a high oscillation frequency, for example, over 500 vibrations per minute, the processing of heavy parts becomes difficult, leads to a sharp complication of the structure, and sometimes is impossible at all.

Наиболее близким к предлагаемому по конструктивному выполнению и достигаемому результату является устройство для магнитно-абразивной обработки деталей, установленных с возможностью вращения в магнитном поле магнитной системой, включающей магнитопровод и полюсные наконечники, замкнутую^ магнитную цепь, в котором один из полюсных наконечников установлен с возможностью продольного осциллирующего движения от привода [2].Closest to the proposed structural embodiment and the achieved result is a device for magnetically abrasive machining of parts mounted rotatably in a magnetic field by a magnetic system including a magnetic circuit and pole pieces, a closed magnetic circuit in which one of the pole pieces is mounted with the possibility of longitudinal oscillating motion from the drive [2].

В этом устройстве прямолинейное вдоль оси детали возвратно-поступательное движение осцилляции сообщают не обрабатываемой детали, а полюсному наконечнику. Такое решение позволяет частично устранить второй из отмеченных недостатков аналогов вследствие значительного уменьшения осциллирующих масс, но не устраняет первого, так как прямолинейное вдоль оси обрабатываемой поверхности возвратно-поступательное движение осцилляции не способствует перемешиванию порошка и, следовательно, не позволяет повысить интенсивность обработки. Кроме того, хотя осциллирующее движение полюсных наконечников уменьшает динамические нагрузки по сравнению с оцилляцией обрабатываемой детали, но все-таки они во многих случаях остаются еще значительными, так как прямолинейное возвратно-поступательное движение с этой точки зрения является наихудшим из всех возможных; а массу полюсных наконечников не всегда удается уменьшить до приемлемой величины, что приводит к необходимости усиления и уменьшения устройства в целом.In this device, the oscillations rectilinear along the axis of the part are not reported to the workpiece, but to the pole piece. Such a solution allows partial elimination of the second of the noted drawbacks of analogues due to a significant decrease in the oscillating masses, but does not eliminate the first, since the reciprocating oscillation rectilinear along the axis of the machined surface does not contribute to the mixing of the powder and, therefore, does not allow to increase the processing intensity. In addition, although the oscillating movement of the pole pieces reduces the dynamic loads compared with the oscillation of the workpiece, they nevertheless remain significant in many cases, since the rectilinear reciprocating movement from this point of view is the worst possible; and the mass of pole pieces is not always possible to reduce to an acceptable value, which leads to the need to strengthen and reduce the device as a whole.

Цель изобретения — интенсификация процесса обработки и упрощение, конструкции устройства.The purpose of the invention is the intensification of the processing process and the simplification of the design of the device.

Поставленная цель достигается тем, что первый полюсный наконечник, установленный с возможностью осциллирующего движения, соединен с магнитопроводом введенной в устройство осью, установлен на ней с возможностью качательного движения и кинематически связан с приводом осциллирующего движения введенным в устройство рычагом, установленным на упомянутой оси, и жестко соединенным с полюсным наконечником.This goal is achieved in that the first pole piece, mounted with the possibility of oscillating motion, is connected to the magnetic circuit by an axis introduced into the device, mounted on it with the possibility of rocking motion and kinematically connected to the oscillating motion drive by a lever mounted on the said axis inserted into the device, and rigidly connected to the pole piece.

При этом для обработки наружных поверхностей второй полюсный наконечник выполнен аналогично первому и связан с введенным в устройство дополнительным приводом осциллирующего движения.In this case, for processing the external surfaces, the second pole piece is made similar to the first and is connected with the additional drive of the oscillating motion introduced into the device.

Для обработки внутренних поверхностей, второй полюсный наконечник установлен неподвижно.For machining internal surfaces, the second pole piece is stationary.

Качательные движения полюсных наконечников способствуют лучшему перемешиванию рабочего порошка и тем самым интенсифицируют процесс обработки. Кроме того, качательные движения полюсных наконечников, вместо осциллирующих вдоль оси движения, уменьшают динамические нагрузки, что позволяет облегчить и упростить конструкцию. Упрощение конструкции достигается также за счет исключения прямолинейных направляющих и установки полюсных наконечников на осях, а также тем, что привод качательного движения выполнен в виде качающихся рычагов, что дает возможность установить их внутри катушек электромагнитов, полностью освободив рабочую зону от конструктивных элементов привода.The oscillating movements of the pole pieces contribute to better mixing of the working powder and thereby intensify the processing process. In addition, the oscillating movements of the pole pieces, instead of oscillating along the axis of movement, reduce dynamic loads, which makes it easier and simpler to design. Simplification of the design is also achieved by eliminating straight guides and installing pole pieces on the axes, as well as by the fact that the swinging drive is made in the form of swinging levers, which makes it possible to install them inside the electromagnet coils, completely freeing the working area from the drive structural elements.

На фиг. 1 показано устройство для обработки внутренних поверхностей; на фиг. 2 — то же, для обработки наружных поверхностей; на фиг. 3 — разрез А—А на фиг. 2.In FIG. 1 shows a device for treating internal surfaces; in FIG. 2 - the same for the treatment of external surfaces; in FIG. 3 - section A — A in FIG. 2.

Устройство состоит из механизма 1 вращения, в котором закреплена обрабатываемая деталь 2, электромагнитной системы с магнитопроводом 3, электромагнитами 4, подвижной частью 5 магнитопровода 3 и подвижными полюсными наконечниками 6, закрепленными на магнитопроводе при помощи осей 7. Устройство также содержит механизмы привода 8 качательного движения полюсных наконечников и рычаги 9, кинематически связывающие полюсные наконечники и механизмы привода 8 качательного движения. Оси 7 расположены в плоскости вращения детали 2, и полюсные наконечники имеют возможность совершать качательное движение вдоль ее продольной оси. Механизмы привода 8 качательного движения полюсных наконечников могут быть различного конструктивного исполнения, например, как показано на фиг. 1 и 2, эксцентрикового типа. Палец 10 эксцентрика входит в продольный паз рычага 9, расположенного на оси 7 и проходящего внутри электромагнита 4.The device consists of a rotation mechanism 1, in which the workpiece 2 is fixed, an electromagnetic system with a magnetic circuit 3, electromagnets 4, a movable part 5 of the magnetic circuit 3 and movable pole pieces 6, mounted on the magnetic circuit using the axes 7. The device also includes mechanisms for driving 8 swinging motion pole tips and levers 9, kinematically connecting the pole pieces and mechanisms of the drive 8 of the rocking motion. The axis 7 is located in the plane of rotation of the part 2, and the pole pieces have the ability to make a swinging motion along its longitudinal axis. The drive mechanisms 8 of the oscillating movement of the pole pieces can be of various designs, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 and 2, eccentric type. The finger 10 of the eccentric is included in the longitudinal groove of the lever 9 located on the axis 7 and passing inside the electromagnet 4.

Для обработки внутренних поверхностей подвижный полюсный наконечник 6 вводят в обрабатываемое отверстие детали 2, а снаружи располагают неподвижные полюсные наконечники магнитопровода 3.To process the internal surfaces of the movable pole piece 6 is introduced into the workpiece hole 2, and the outside are fixed pole pieces of the magnetic circuit 3.

При обработке наружных поверхностей подвижные полюсные наконечники 6, каждый из которых связан со своим приводом 8 качательного движения, располагают с двух сторон обрабатываемой детали 2. Для установки детали 2 подвижные части 5 магнитопровода разводят, как показано на фиг. 3, штрих-пунктирными линиями. После установки детали 2 их сводят вручную или любым известным приводом до образования между поверхностью детали и полюсными наконечниками 6 рабочего зазора необходимой величины. При этом пальцы 10 скользят по продольным пазам рычагов 8, не выходя из контакта с ними за все время установочных перемещений.When machining the external surfaces, the movable pole pieces 6, each of which is connected with its own swinging drive 8, are placed on both sides of the workpiece 2. To install the part 2, the movable parts 5 of the magnetic circuit are bred, as shown in FIG. 3, dashed dotted lines. After the installation of the part 2, they are brought together manually or by any known drive until a working gap of the required size is formed between the surface of the part and the pole pieces 6. At the same time, the fingers 10 slide along the longitudinal grooves of the levers 8, without leaving contact with them for the entire time of installation movements.

Устройство работает следующим образом.The device operates as follows.

В рабочие зазоры между полюсными наконечниками 6 и обрабатываемой поверхностью изделия 2 засыпают ферромагнитноабразивный порошок, подают напряжение на электромагниты 4 магнитной системы и включают механизмы 1 вращения детали 2 и привода 8 качательного движения. Колебания рычагов 9 вынуждают полюсные наконечники 6 совершать качательное движение вдоль продольной оси обрабатываемого изделия. При этом зерна порошка, удерживаясь в зазорах силами магнитного поля, интенсивно перемешиваются, заставляя непрерывно вступать в работу новые зерна, и, прижимаясь к поверхности изделия, производят ее обработку. При обработке изделий с длиной превышающей длину полюсных наконечников, как показано на фиг. 1 и 2, им придают медленное возвратно-поступательное продольное движение относительно магнитной системы или, наоборот, ₅магнитную систему перемещают относительно неподвижных в осевом направлении изделий.Ferromagnetically abrasive powder is poured into the working gaps between the pole pieces 6 and the surface of the product 2, the voltage is applied to the electromagnets 4 of the magnetic system and the mechanisms 1 for rotating the part 2 and the drive 8 for the swinging motion are applied. The oscillations of the levers 9 force the pole pieces 6 to oscillate along the longitudinal axis of the workpiece. At the same time, the grains of the powder, being held in the gaps by the forces of a magnetic field, are intensively mixed, forcing new grains to continuously enter into work, and, pressing against the surface of the product, they are processed. When processing products with a length exceeding the length of the pole pieces, as shown in FIG. 1 and 2, they are given a slow reciprocating longitudinal motion relative to the magnetic system, or, conversely, _{5 the} magnetic system is moved relative to the axially stationary articles.

При использовании предлагаемого устройства производительность (интенсивность работы) его повышается на 20—23%. Кроме ю того, оно значительно проще в изготовлении, отладке и обслуживании, так как в зоне обработки отсутствуют прямолинейные направляющие со сложной системой защиты от обрабатывающего магнитно-абразивного порошка. Уменьшается также металлоем- ¹⁵кость конструкции и мощность привода осциллирующего движения за счет снижения динамических нагрузок.When using the proposed device, the productivity (intensity of work) increases by 20-23%. In addition, it is much simpler to manufacture, debug, and maintain, since there are no straight guides in the processing zone with a complex protection system from processing magnetic abrasive powder. Metalloem- ¹⁵ also decreases bone structures and power drive of the oscillating motion due to lower dynamic loads.

Claims

(54) DEVICE FOR MAGNETIC-ABRASIVE TREATMENT The invention relates to finishing and can be used to polish ferrous materials in a magnetic field with external and internal surfaces of rotation bodies. A device is known for magnetically abrasive treatment of the outer surfaces of rotation bodies installed with the possibility of oscillating motion, placed between radially arranged cores of the electromagnetic system 1. This device has proven itself in practice when processing parts of small size and mass that do not require high performance. When processing larger parts with a simultaneous increase in productivity, the following drawbacks of the device begin to appear. The linear oscillation along the product axis does not contribute to the mixing of the processing powder in the working gaps, which is necessary for the continuous introduction of new grains, which increase the intensity of processing. When processing large-sized products, imparting an oscillating motion to them causes significant dynamic loads on the device nodes. If it is necessary to use a large oscillation frequency, for example, with 500 oscillations per minute, the processing of heavy parts becomes difficult, leads to a dramatic complication of the design, and sometimes even impossible at all. The closest to the proposed design and the achieved result is a device for magnetically abrasive machining of parts installed with the POSSIBILITY of rotation in a magnetic field by a magnetic system including a magnetic conductor and pole pieces, a closed magnetic circuit in which one of the pole pieces is installed with a POSITION longitudinal Oscillating motion from actuator 2. In this device, a reciprocating oscillation along a component axis is oscillating without feedback a washable part, and a pole tip. Such a resolution allows partially eliminating the second of the noted disadvantages of analogs due to a significant decrease in oscillating masses, but does not eliminate the first, since the reciprocating motion of the oscillations that is linear along the axis of the treated surface does not contribute to powder mixing and, therefore, does not allow increasing the intensity processing. In addition, although the oscillating movement of pole pieces reduces the dynamic loads compared to the oscillation of the workpiece, they still remain significant in many cases, since linear reciprocating movement from this point of view is the worst ; and the mass of pole pieces cannot always be reduced to an acceptable value, which leads to the need to strengthen and reduce the device as a whole. The purpose of the invention is to intensify the process and simplify the design of the device. The goal is achieved by the fact that the first pole tip, which is mounted with the possibility of oscillating motion, is connected to the magnetic core introduced into the device by an axis, is mounted on it with the possibility of oscillating movement and is kinematically connected with the drive of the oscillating movement introduced into the device by a lever mounted on said axis, and rigidly connected to the pole tip. In this case, for the treatment of the external surfaces, the second pole tip is made similarly to the first one and is connected with the additional drive of the oscillating motion introduced into the device. For treating the inner surfaces, the second pole tip is fixedly mounted. The swinging movements of the pole pieces promote better mixing of the working powder and thereby intensify the process. In addition, the swinging movements of the pole pieces, instead of oscillating along the axis of movement, reduce the dynamic loads, which allows to simplify and simplify the design. Simplification of the design is also achieved by eliminating the straight guides and installing pole pieces on the axles, as well as by the drive of the swinging movement made in the form of swinging levers, which makes it possible to install them inside the coils of electromagnets, completely freeing the working area from the drive components . FIG. 1 shows a device for treating internal surfaces; in fig. 2 - the same for the treatment of exterior surfaces; in fig. 3 shows section A-A in FIG. 2. The device consists of a rotation mechanism 1 in which the workpiece 2 is fixed, an electromagnetic system with a magnetic core 3, electromagnets 4, a movable part 5 of the magnetic core 3 and movable pole pieces 6 fixed to the magnetic core with the help of axes 7. The device also contains drive mechanisms 8 a swinging movement of pole pieces; and levers 9, kinematically connecting pole tips and drive mechanisms of a swinging motion. The axes 7 are located in the plane of the Brack1, the Yeni part 2, and the pole pieces have the ability to make a swinging movement along its longitudinal axis. The drive mechanisms 8 of the swinging movement of the pole pieces can be of various designs, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 and 2, eccentric type. The eccentric pin 10 enters the longitudinal groove of the lever 9 located on the axis 7 and passing inside the electromagnet 4. For machining the inner surfaces, the movable pole piece 6 is inserted into the workpiece hole 2, and outside it has fixed pole pieces of the magnetic circuit 3. When machining the outer surfaces movable pole pieces 6, each of which is connected with its drive 8 of oscillating motion, are arranged on both sides of the workpiece 2. For installation of part 2, the movable parts 5 of the magnetometer oestrus diluted, as shown in FIG. 3, schtrich-dashed lines. After installation, the parts 2 are manually reduced or by any known actuator to form the required size between the surface of the part and the pole tips 6 of the working gap. In this case, the fingers 10 slide along the longitudinal grooves of the levers 8, not coming out of contact with them during the entire time of the installation movements. The device works as follows. In the working gaps between the pole pieces 6 and the surface of the product 2, the ferromagnetic powder is poured, voltage is applied to the electromagnets 4 of the magnetic system and the mechanisms 1 rotate the part 2 and the drive 8 of the oscillating motion. The oscillations of the levers 9 force pole tips 6 to oscillate along the longitudinal axis of the workpiece. At the same time, the grains of the powder, held in the gaps by the forces of the magnetic field, are intensively mixed, forcing new grains to come into operation, and, being pressed to the surface of the product. it is processed. When processing products with a length exceeding the length of the pole pieces, as shown in FIG. 1 and 2, they are given a slow reciprocating longitudinal movement of a relatively magnetic system or, conversely, the magnetic system is moved relative to the axially fixed products. When using the proposed device, the performance (intensity of work) increases by 20-23%. In addition, it is much easier to manufacture, debug, and maintain, since there are no linear guides in the treatment area with a complex system of protection against the processing magnetically abrasive powder. The metal content of the structure and the drive power of the oscillating motion are also reduced due to the reduction of dynamic loads. Claim 1. Device for magnetically abrasive machining of parts mounted rotatably in a magnetic field and forming, together with a field-creating magnetic system including a magnetic circuit and pole pieces, a closed magnetic circuit in which one of the pole pieces is installed with the possibility of longitudinal oscillating movement from the actuator, characterized in that, in order to intensify the machining process and simplify the design, the first pole piece mounted with the possibility of oscillation It is connected with the magnetic core inserted into the device axis, mounted on it with the possibility of swinging movement and kinematically connected with the drive of oscillating movement by a lever inserted into the device mounted on the said axis and rigidly connected with the pole piece. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that for treating the external surfaces, the second pole piece is made similarly to the first and is connected with an additional drive of oscillating motion introduced into the device. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that for treating the inner surfaces the second pole tip is fixedly mounted. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Copyright certificate -СССР № 161651, cl. B 24 B 1/04, 1964.

2. USSR author's certificate L 489624, cl. B 24 V 31/10, 1974 (prototype).

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