SU759063A1

SU759063A1 - Pneumatic vortex-type distributing apparatus

Info

Publication number: SU759063A1
Application number: SU792733932A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Владимир Иванович Тараненко; Светлана Павловна Богатырева; Николай Николаевич Петренко
Original assignee: Кировоградский институт сельскохозяйственного машиностроения
Priority date: 1979-03-11
Filing date: 1979-03-11
Publication date: 1980-08-30

Description

Изобретение относится к области сельскохозяйственного машиностроения и может быть использовано во всех видах пневматических распределительных устройствах.The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering and can be used in all types of pneumatic distribution devices.

Известны аналогичные пневматические распределительные устройства высевающих ₅аппаратов, содержащие бункер для зерна, дозирующее устройство, корпус с семявыводящими окнами, распределительный конус, источник воздушного потока с воздухопроводом [1].Known similar pneumatic distribution devices sowing ₅ devices containing a hopper for grain, a metering device, a housing with vas deferens, a distribution cone, a source of air flow with an air duct [1].

Недостатком указанных пневматических ю распределительных устройств является то, что они не обеспечивают равномерности высева семян.The disadvantage of these pneumatic distribution devices is that they do not provide uniform seed placement.

Известен пневматический высевающий аппарат [2], содержащий корпус с семявыводящими окнами, дозатор, распределительный конус, воздухопровод, выполненный в виде канала с уменьшающимся по ходу потока сечением, и вихреформирующее кольцо с тангенциально расположенными сквозными цилиндрическими отверстиями, а семявыводящие окна в корпусе расположены тангенциально.Known pneumatic sowing apparatus [2], comprising a housing with vas deferens, a dispenser, a distribution cone, an air duct made in the form of a channel with a section decreasing along the flow, and a swirl ring with tangentially arranged through-hole cylindrical holes, and vas deferens in the casing are located tangentially.

Недостатком известного пневматического высевающего аппарата является то, что такая форма воздухопровода приводит к перераспределению давления, вследствие чего скорость на выходе из сопл неодинакова, это приводит к неравномерному скоростному полю в вихревой камере, что отрицательно сказывается на равномерном делении семян между семявыводящими окнами.A disadvantage of the known pneumatic sowing apparatus is that such a form of air duct leads to a redistribution of pressure, as a result of which the speed at the exit from the nozzles is not the same, this leads to an uneven velocity field in the vortex chamber, which negatively affects the uniform division of seeds between the spermatomy windows.

Целью изобретения является повышение равномерности распределения семян и снижение энергоемкости.The aim of the invention is to increase the uniformity of seed distribution and reduce energy intensity.

Указанная цель достигается тем, что корпус выполнен в виде цилиндра, семявыводящие окна размещены в его верхней части, причем цилиндр снабжен подпорным кольцом, расположенным под семявыводящими окнами, а вихреобразователь установлен свободно в нижней части корпуса под распределительным конусом с возможностью перемещения по высоте, при этом пневмоканалы вихреобразователя выполнены криволинейными и сужающимися к периферии, а воздухопровод соосно соединен с вихреобразователем.This goal is achieved by the fact that the casing is made in the form of a cylinder, the ejaculatory windows are located in its upper part, and the cylinder is equipped with a retaining ring located under the ejaculatory windows, and the vortex generator is installed freely in the lower part of the casing under the distribution cone with the possibility of movement in height, while the pneumatic channels of the vortex generator are made curved and tapering to the periphery, and the air duct is coaxially connected to the vortex generator.

На фиг. 1 изображено пневмовихревое распределительное устройство, общий вид; на фиг. 2 — разрез А—А на фиг. 1.In FIG. 1 shows a pneumovortex switchgear, general view; in FIG. 2 — section A — A in FIG. 1.

Пневмовихревое распределительное устройство состоит из корпуса 1, дозатора 2, соединенного с полостью цилиндра, в нижней части корпуса расположены распределительный конус 3 и вихреобразователь 4, которые установлены свободно, что дает воз- 5 можность перемещения их по высоте, при этом пневмоканалы 5 соединены с воздухопроводом 6 соосно, в верхней части корпуса размещены семявыводящие окна 7, а под сем я вы водя щи ми окнами расположено подпорное кольцо 8.The pneumatic vortex distribution device consists of a housing 1, a dispenser 2 connected to the cylinder cavity, a distribution cone 3 and a vortex generator 4 are located in the lower part of the housing, which are installed freely, which makes it possible to move them 5 in height, while the pneumatic channels 5 are connected to the air duct 6 coaxially, in the upper part of the casing there are ejaculatory windows 7, and under the seven leading windows there is a retaining ring 8.

Устройство работает следующим образом.The device operates as follows.

Воздух по воздухопроводу 6 поступает в вихреобразователь 4 и через пневмоканалы 5 плавно направляется вдоль стенок корпуса 1, создавая вихревое движение. Семена из дозатора 2 поступают на распределительный конус 3, увлекаются воздушным потоком и направляются по спирали снизу вверх к семявыводящим окнам 7. Благодаря ²⁰подпорному кольцу 8 в зоне семявыводящих окон окончательно формируется стабильный круговой поток, что дает возможность обеспечить равномерное деление·семян между семявыводящими окнами при беспрерывном _2Sистечении их через каналы.Air through the air duct 6 enters the vortex generator 4 and through the pneumatic channels 5 is smoothly directed along the walls of the housing 1, creating a vortex movement. Seeds from the dispenser 2 enter the distribution cone 3, are carried away by the air flow and are directed in a spiral from the bottom up to the ejaculatory windows 7. Thanks to the ²⁰ retaining ring 8, a stable circular flow is finally formed in the area of the ejaculatory windows, which makes it possible to ensure uniform distribution of seeds between the emery windows at continuous _2S their expiration through channels.

Использование предложенной конструкции позволяет повысить равномерность распределения семян по длине борозды и, следовательно, повысить урожайность наUsing the proposed design allows to increase the uniformity of the distribution of seeds along the length of the furrow and, therefore, increase productivity by

8—10%, а также снизить энергоемкость устройства примерно в 2 раза по сравнению с известными техническими решениями.8-10%, as well as reduce the energy consumption of the device by about 2 times compared with the known technical solutions.

Claims

The invention relates to the field of agriculture (: mechanical engineering and can be used in all types of pneumatic distributors. Similar pneumatic distributors are known for sowing, their devices containing a grain hopper, a metering device, a housing with seven output windows, a distribution cone, a source air flow with an air duct. A disadvantage of these pneumatic distributors is that they do not provide uniform seeding. A pneumatic sowing unit 2 is known, comprising a housing with seven outgoing windows, a dispenser, a distribution cone, an air duct made in the form of a channel with a downstream section, and a swirl ring with tangentially spaced through cylindrical openings, and this outlet windows in the housing located tangentially. A disadvantage of the known pneumatic sowing apparatus is that this form of air duct leads to a redistribution of pressure, as a result of which ode from nozzles is not uniform, it leads to uneven speed field in the swirl chamber, which is detrimental to the uniform division of seed between conductive seed output windows. The aim of the invention is to improve the uniformity of the distribution of seeds and reduce energy intensity. This goal is achieved by the fact that the casing is made in the form of a cylinder, this output window is located in its upper part, the cylinder is provided with a retaining ring located under this output window, and the vortex generator is installed freely in the lower part of the case under the distribution cone with the possibility of moving along height, wherein the pneumatic channels of the vortex generator are curved and tapering towards the periphery, and the air duct is coaxially connected to the vortex generator. FIG. 1 shows a pneumatic vortex distributor, general view; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. 1. The pneumatic-vortex distribution device consists of a housing 1, a dispenser 2 connected to the cylinder cavity, in the lower part of the housing there is a distribution cone 3 and a vortex generator 4, which are installed freely, which allows them to be height-elevated, while the pneumatic channels 5 are connected to the air duct 6 coaxially, in the upper part of the housing there are seven outgoing windows 7, and under these outlets there is a retaining ring 8. The device works as follows. The air through the air duct 6 enters the vortex generator 4 and through the pneumatic channels 5 is smoothly directed along the walls of the housing 1, creating a vortex motion. The seeds from the metering unit 2 are fed to the distribution cone 3, entrained by the air flow and directed in a spiral from the bottom to the top of the seven outgoing windows 7. Thanks to the retaining ring 8, a stable circular flow is finally formed in the area of the seven outgoing windows, which makes it possible to ensure uniform dividing seeds between the seven output windows with their continuous flow through the channels. The use of the proposed design allows to increase the uniformity of seed distribution along the furrow length and, consequently, increase the yield by 8-10%, as well as reduce the power consumption of the device by about 2 times compared with the known technical solutions. Pneumatic vortex distributor, including a housing with seven outgoing windows, a dispenser, a distribution cone, a vortex generator with pneumatic channels and an air duct, characterized in that, in order to improve the uniformity of the distribution of seeds and reduce energy intensity, the housing is designed as a cylinder, this way -. water windows are located in its upper part, the cylinder is provided with a retaining ring located under the seven output windows, and the vortex generator is installed freely in the lower part of the body under the distribution cone with the possibility of moving along the height, while the pneumatic channels of the vortex generator are curved and tapering to the periphery, and the air duct is coaxially connected to the vortex generator. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR author's certificate No. 531509, cl. A 01 C 15/04, 1975.

2. USSR author's certificate number 620236, cl. A 01 C 15/04, 1977 (prototype).