SU722938A1 - Multifunctional fuel additives for diesels - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to petrochemistry, more precisely to the field of application of additives to fuels. Currently, ship diesel engines use low-cost, medium-viscous and high-viscous fuel engines with a high content of sulfur (2-3%) and tar-asphalt substances. The tar-asphalt substances present in the fuel in the form of clots constitute a significant amount of waste when settling in tanks, tanks, as well as during the separation and filtration of fuel. The transfer of these products to waste increases the loss of the combustible part of the fuel, increases the specific fuel consumption for the power plant and compels them to keep this waste during the entire voyage on soups in special tanks. As a result of the use of such fuels, there are disturbances in the operation of precision pairs of fuel equipment, caused by the formation of bunches of asphalt-smoulder material and corrosion of fuel parts & Noah equipment under the influence of corrosive-aggressive compounds of high sulfur fuel; significant carbon formation in diesel cylinders, on spray nozzles, pistons and valves; incomplete combustion of fuel in diesel cylinders, which also drive 5 tons to increased carbon formation and increased fuel consumption. A well-known multifunctional fuel additive for diesel engines, which improves their anti-wear and anti-burn properties and is a mixture of ortho-dichlorobenzene, dialkyl dithiophosphate and barium naphthenate, however, the effectiveness of this additive is sufficient. More similar in composition and the achieved result to the proposed Vl B1 with an additive, which has in its suck: t, -she,%: Calcium polypolar calcium alkyl salicylate Dialkyl dithiophosphagate of zinc 1O Copper naphthan 10 Alkyl salicylate magnesium 8 Aluminum stearate U Calcium calcium sulfonate 10 Fuel (as a solvent) 100 The disadvantage of this additive is relatively low exploitation properties. The purpose of the present invention is to improve the performance properties of the additive, in particular, the reduction of the amount of sol deposits on metal surfaces, the protection of the metal surfaces of fuel equipment parts from corrosion, the reduction of carbon formation, the improvement of fuel combustion, the dispersion of asfapto-resinous condensation in it, and stabilization of homogenized fine fuel The goal is achieved in that the additive containing dialkyl dithiophosphate zinc and the kilsalicylate or magnesium naphthenate are many Calcium sulfonate and diesel fuel additionally contains alkenyl succinimide, molecular weight polyalkylene glycol 1OO-1OOO and alkylphenol, where alkyl C-C in the following ratio of components,%: DF-11 additive (dialkyl dithiophosphate zinc) 2-5 ASM additive ( magnesium alkyl salicylate) or magnesium naphthenate, 1O-15 PMS additive (calcium polyzole polyzole sulfonate). 8-6 Additive Cg (alkenylsuccinimide) 3-7 Poly-alkyl chylene glycol with a molecular weight of from 100 to 10–10 Alkylphenols, where Cg-C alkyl is 15-20 Diesel. Alklphenols serve as solvent d of polyalkylene glycols, which are introduced into the additive as an alkylphenol solution. The proposed additive is introduced into a moderately or highly viscous fuel in a quantity of 0.3-0.5 wt.%. Example 1. In a medium top beer, 0.3% by weight of an additive is added, composition a,% Dialkyl dithiophosphate zinc 1 O Copper naphthate Alkyl salicylate magnesium 8 Polyanal calcium sulphate 10 Aluminum stearate 1 Fuel Do-1OO. This additive, with the exception of the multi-ash calcium alkyl salicylate (40%), corresponds to the known additive {2. The amount of dry ash deposits is equal to 89 g compared to 117 g when working on fuel with a known additive, i.e. reduced by 24%. At the same time, however, the dispersing properties of the fuel deteriorate, as the multi-ash calcium alkyl salicylate, which is a dispersing agent, is removed from its composition. Example 2. 0.3 wt.% Of the additive composition,%, are introduced into the moderately viscous fuel. Dialkylcytiophosphate zinc 10 Copper naphthenate Magnesium alkyl salicylate - 8 Calcium polyphosphine ash wort 10 Aluminum stearate 1 Alkenylsuccinimide5 FuelUp to SO. This additive in its composition corresponds to the additive 2, deprived of the multi-ash calcium alkyl salicylate and supplemented with the introduction of alkenylsuccinimide, which is an ashless polymeric dispersing additive. The fuel with an additive containing alkenylsuccinimide, in its dispersing properties, is much superior to the topyive with an additive of the same composition, but without alkenylsuccinimide. Testing the fuel with an additive in Example 2 on a diesel engine shows that this additive improves the combustion of the fuel by no more than additive 2. Example 3. To average fuel, add 0.3% of the prototype additive of the following composition,%: DF-113, 5.0 АСМ15.0 ПМС5.0 Succinaimid Cg5.0 Polyalkylene glycols with a molecular weight of 5OO7.5 Alkylphenol 15, О Fuel DS 51.0. In this sample, in order to reduce the ash content of the additive, the ash components of additive 2, which improve the crushing of the fuel, copper naphthenate and aluminum stearate, are replaced by an ashless component, polyalkylene glycol. Alkylphenol obtained by alkylation of phenol with polymethyl distillate is used as a solvent of polyalkylene glycols, which facilitate their dissolution in fuel. The results of the study of the dispersing and protective properties of the prototype of the additive and its ability to improve the combustion of fuels show that this additive has obvious advantages both in comparison with additive 2 and in comparison with the additive of example 2, From table. 2, which characterizes the dispersing and protective properties of the fuel, it can be seen that a moderately viscous fuel containing 0.3% of an experimental additive, when used in a CNT-1 unit, has less wasp than the fuel with an additive | 2j. In addition, these precipitates differ from each other qualitatively: in a fuel with 0.3% of an experimental additive, their particle size is 1–15 times less than in a fuel without an additive and about 5 times less than j in a fuel with 0.3% additives 2j. The protective properties and the presence of water fuel with a prototype additive are about 7 times better than the protective properties of the fuel with additive 2. From the table. 3 that all the indicators of the working process, characterizing the intensity of combustion of fuel with an experimental additive on diesel, are higher than for fuel without additives or additive G21 .. The amount of dry ash deposits on the bottom of the engine piston having worked on O with 3% the test additive is 83 g, i.e. decreases by 88.5% compared with the amount of deposits when operating on fuel with 0.3% of additive 2, Example 4, O, 3% of the prototype of the additive of the following composition,%, is added to the medium fuel; DF-113.0, 0 PMS3.0 GS2.0 Polyalkylene glycols. with a molecular weight of 5OO7.0 Alkylphenol15.0 Fuel61.0. In the study of the sample of fuel containing the specified prototype of the additive, it was found that in its dispersing and protective properties, as well as in its ability to improve the combustion of fuel, the prototype of the additive exceeds the sample of additive 2 (see Tables 4 and 5). The amount of dry ash deposits on the bottom of the 241O, 5 / / 13 engine, which worked 1OOh on fuel with 0.3% of the experimental additive is 83 g, i.e. reduced by 28.3% compared with the amount of deposits when working on fuel with 0.3% of the known additives. Example 5. O, 3% of a prototype of an additive of the following composition,%: DF-115.0 АСМ15, О ПМС is added to the medium fuel. 6, About Polyalkyleneglycol M.V. 70010 Alkylphenol20.0 Fuel39.0. In the study of the fuel sample containing the specified prototype of the additive, it was found that in its dispersing and protective properties, as well as in its ability to improve the combustion of fuel, the prototype exceeds the additive sample. The amount of dry ash deposits on the engine of the piston engine, which worked 100 hours on fuel with 0.3% of the experimental additive 8O, 7 g, i.e. reduced by 31% compared with the amount of sediment when working on fuel with O, 3% of additive 1. Example 6. To medium fuel is added 0, O5% of the prototype of additive of the following composition,%: DF-113.5 AFM15, O PMS.5, Q, 0 Polyalkylene glycol M.V. 1OOO7,5 Alkylphenol15.0 Fuel51.0 The characteristics of the dispersing and protective properties of the fuel with this additive, as well as the characteristics of the ability of the additive to intensify the combustion of fuel, are given in Table. 8 and 9. Data characterizing the fuel without additives and the fuel with a known additive are given for comparison.

7722938B

. From the data presented, it follows that the utilization properties of a fuel with a higher emission into a moderately viscous fuel of 0.05% of the fine, than the introduction of the same amount of the additive improves its known extract.

Indicators of the diesel working process when operating on medium fuel with additives

Table 1

Engine rpm in min. Maximum pressure

1390

1405

Characteristics of dispersing and protective properties of medium viscous fuel with additives

under test at the UNG-1 installation:

sediment volume,%

insoluble weight, in isooctane,%

maximum particle size of sediment, mmk

main particle size, mm - Protective properties in the presence of water (17 g / l NaCC) on a Pinkevich device, weight loss, g / m

Indicators of the working process of a diesel engine when operating at a medium ekom fuel with additives

Engine speed in min 14О5 13901390

Maximum pressure of combustion, kg / cm261,761,864

Table 4

85 55

60 10

.2.ГГ

7.3

Table

eleven

722938

Stiffness control criterion

Delay Controllability Criterion & resumed

,. "Table 6

Characteristics of dispersing and protective properties of environmentally friendly; fuels with additives

Oshnost to sedimentation when tested on the installation of the NT-1:

sediment volume,%

insoluble weight in

iaooctane,%

maximum size

sediment particles, mmk

basic particle size

MMK

The protective properties in the presence of

water steak (17 g / l NaCft)

on the device Pinkevich, in weight,

U ,,. Table

Indicators of the working process of a diesel engine when operating on medium fuel with additives

Engine speed in min1405139O1390

Maximum pressure of combustion, kg / cm 61,761,765.2

U1UP starting fuel supply 20,820,8.19,6

12

Continued table. five

1,731.56

1.45

0.495 0.5670.612

82

50

.

45

five

1.0

7

Characteristics of dispersing and protective properties

when tested at the installation of a CNT-1:

Indicators of workflow of diesel 24 1O, 5/13 when operating on medium fuel with additives

Engine rpm

Maximum pressure of combustion, kg / cm 2

Continued table. 7

Table 9

1395

1395

1405

63.2

61.7

61.7

for diesel engines, containing zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, magnesium alkyl salicylate or magnesium naphthenate, calcium multi-ash sulphonate and diesel fuel, in order

increase the performance properties of the additive, it additionally contains alkenylsuccinimide, polyalkylene glycol molecular 10O-1000 and alkylphenol, where alkyl is Cg, with the following ratio of components, wt.%:

, Dialkyl dithiophosphate zinc 2, O-5, O Apkilsalitsilat or magnesium naphthenate 10.0-15.0

Continued tab. R

Polyalkylene glycol molecular weight 1OO1OOO

Alkylphenol where is alkyl diesel

Sources of information taken into account in the examination

1. USSR author's certificate number 155359, cl. S Yu L 1/14, 1962.

2. USSR author's certificate for application number 2419182 / 23-04,

cl. with 1O L 1/18, 1977 (prototype).

Claims (1)

Claim A multifunctional diesel fuel additive containing zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, magnesium alkyl salicylate or magnesium naphthenate, multi-ash calcium sulfonate and diesel fuel, characterized in that, in order to increase the performance of the additive, it additionally contains alkenyl succinimide, polyalkylene glycol of molecular weight 100-1000, and alkyl phenol, alkyl C _g -C ^ ₂ , in the following ratio, wt.%: Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate 2.0-5.0 Magnesium alkyl salicylate or naphthenate 10.0-15.0 3.0-6.0 3.0-7.0 7.0-10.0 15.0-20.0 To 100. Multisol Calcium Sulfonate Alkenylsuccinimide Polyalkylene Glycol Molecular Weight 1001000 Alkylphenol where ^C ₆ -C ₄ 2 alkyl Diesel fuel