SU661114A1 - Method of cooling various objects - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to methods for cooling various objects, preferably for air conditioning of mines, mines, as well as objects located on the seashore. It can be used to remove heat in nuclear plants, to cool blast furnaces, etc.

The invention is applicable in the presence of a cold source of a positive temperature. For example, cold groundwater or deep sea water.

A known method of cooling various objects, which consists in using cold water and. and brines 1.

However, due to the small cooling charge of the cooling water, it is necessary to pump a significant amount of it to ensure the specified cooling capacity, which leads to large energy consumption and pipelines with an inadequate diameter.

There is also known a method for cooling various objects, preferably for air conditioning in mines with circulating | contour circulating | ) in intermediate | -o kholononite. l with its liquid and solid phases | 2 |.

The disadvantages of this method are more energy intensive and high cooling costs.

The purpose of the invention is to; rs reduce energy consumption — likewise cooling costs by:

WATER BOTTOM) PLI LIQUE 5OpCf OH WATER

This goal is achieved by the fact that, as a promiscuous ho, odonosle. use crystal hydrate suspension formed by mixing gas crystal hydrates with vodka, the mass hydrate crystalline in kg is ift25%, and as gas crystal hydrate I use g-carbon: 1 hydroxide 1, sulfuric acid. .

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the air conditioning system in the mines; on phi 2 phase diagram in the coordinates temper;: tour - giving .1enie d.h of the hydration system y, teacid - water.

The scheme of the air conditioning system in the workstations for the implementation of the proposed method includes crystallization 1, pump 2, pipeline 3, melter-air cooler 4 and pipeline 5. The cooling method is carried out as follows. The mixture of hydrate-forming agent in the vapor-liquid state and water enters the crystallizer I, in which the appropriate thermodynamic conditions are maintained that facilitate the formation of hydrates. For carbon dioxide, for example, the process proceeds with the mixing of the liquid phase at a temperature of about 7 ° C and a pressure of 42 bar. The heat of phase transition released during the formation of hydrates is removed by cooling groundwater, having a temperature of about 4 ° C and circulating in a coil built into the crystallizer. The crystalline hydrate suspension obtained (a mixture of water and 15–20% by mass of solid crystalline hydrates) is transported via pipeline 2 to the melter-cooler 4 by means of a pump 2. Hydraulic transport is determined by the maximum permissible viscosity of the crystalline suspension. The process of hydrate melting takes place at a temperature of about 9.5 ° C. After giving off cold when the hydrates are melted to the cooled air, the resulting mixture of water and a liquid agent but lifted to the surface of the pipeline 5 is returned to the surface and returned to the crystallizer 1. The diagram shows the process of transporting cold using a crystal hydrate suspension. Curve 6-7 is the carbon dioxide elasticity curve, 8-9-10 is the hydration curve. To the left of it is a region of steady state hydrates, to the right of its hydrates do not exist. At point 9 (the upper invariant point) there are 4 phases: gaseous and liquid agent, liquid water and solid hydrate. The presence of salts in the water shifts the hydration curve of 8-9-10 equidistant to the left. Each percentage, for example, of table salt in a solution lowers the temperature at point 9 by about 0.5 ° C. Thus, the position of the hydration curve for a salt solution 11 -12 can be changed by a corresponding change in the concentration of the salt solution. Point 13 is the point of hydrate formation in the crystallizer; points 13-14 - compression of the crystallohydrate suspension in the pump; points 14-15 - the process of increasing the pressure of the crystal-hydrate suspension due to an increase in the hydrostatic level during its transportation to a depth of 1000 m. The process is close to isothermal; points 15-16 - heating of the suspension in the melter air cooler; point 16 is the melting point of the hydrates in the melter-air cooler; points 16-17 - the process of reducing the pressure of two immiscible liquids (carbon dioxide and water) when they rise to the surface of the mine; points 17-13 - throttling of the liquid agent; this process. as flowing in the wet vapor region is depicted along the elastic curve. Throttling of the agent is necessary to conduct the process of hydrate formation with the agent in the vapor-liquid state. This process improves its kinetic characteristics. The temperature of point 13 is determined by the temperature of the cold source and the temperature difference DT | and Ati (see Fig. 2). D Ti represents the driving force of the hydrate formation process, equal to the difference between the temperature of the suspension in the crystallizer and the equilibrium temperature of hydrate formation in the saline solution at the same pressure. Usually D Ti 1 ° C. All represents the difference between the temperature of the slurry in the mold and the temperature of the cold ground water. In this case, D1 | 4 ° C. Point 14, characterizing the end of the compression process in the pump, is located due to hydraulic losses in the circulation system, slightly above point 17. Thus, the pressure drop created by the pump represents the sum of pressure losses during throttling and pressure losses to overcome hydraulic resistances. The creation of head Pr-PI is carried out according to the law of communicating vessels. The pressure of point 16 is determined by the height of the column of the hydrate suspension; The temperature of point 16 depends on the adopted LTg value and the concentration of the saline solution. D Ta represents the moving force of the hydrate smelting process, equal to the difference between the temperature of the melting hydrates and the equilibrium temperature of hydrate formation in the salt solution at the same pressure. Usually, for a high rate of melting of hydrates, D Ta 1 - 1.5 ° C is sufficient. The temperature of point 16 and the temperature difference D1g during heat transfer in a melting air cooler determines the temperature of the cooled air. Refrigeration processes are the preheating of the crystalline hydrate slurry 15-16 and the melting of hydrates at point 16. The refrigerated charge of 1 kg of the suspension is quite high and amounts to about 22 kcal / kg for a 25% crystalline hydrate suspension. Thus, in this method, the intermediate coolant has a high cooling charge (therefore, its amount in the circulation circuit is reduced). The cooling of the intermediate coolant and its transfer to the solid phase is carried out by a machine-less cold source having a positive temperature. The choice of favorable hydrating agent is determined by the temperature.