SU423474A1 - DEVICE FOR HEMODIALYSIS - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to medical technology, in particular to hemodialysis devices.

Hebdialysis devices are known that contain a dialyzer, an intermediate tank with a vacuum pump, and a dialysing solution preparation system including water treatment systems, water and concentrate dosing, and control of dialysis fluid parameters. In known devices, the dialysis fluid preparation system is connected directly to the dialyzer line, and the solution is continuously fed through the dialyzer (full flow mode). In this case, the breakdown or malfunction of the elements of the dialysing solution preparation system immediately worsens the state of the body, causing, for example, electrolyte disturbances, thromboembolic phenomena, etc.

The use of tap water in the system for preparing a dialyzing solution results in a rather low osmotic pressure of the dialysis fluid and the instability of the osmotic dialysis gradient (depending on the seasonal variations in the salinity of tap water). In addition, in the known devices there is no system for automatically adjusting the dialysation pH (pH value indicator).

The aim of the invention is to increase the intensity of blood dialysis. This is achieved by connecting the dialyzer inlet through a three-way valve to the line connecting the intermediate tank to the dialysis solution, the outlet of the vacuum pump is connected to the intermediate tank, the dialyzer outlet is directly connected to the drain, and the dialysing system is automatically adjusted to adjust the pH. solution. Automatic control system

pH value: it can contain a flow pH sensor, a pH meter, valves and rotameters for supplying oxygen and carbon dioxide and a valve with a reversible motor to regulate the flow of carbon dioxide.

The diagram shows the schematic diagram of the proposed device for hemodialysis.

The device for hemodialysis contains dialyzer 1, intermediate tank 2 and system

3 dialysate preparation. At the same time, the input of the dialyzer through a three-way valve 4 is connected to the main line connecting the intermediate tank 2 with the system 3 for preparation of dialysis solution. Output

dialyzer connected directly to

a drain pump 5 is connected to a drain with an intermediate tank.

The dialysis solution preparation system 3 is equipped with an automatic pH adjustment system 6, a water treatment system 7, and a water and concentrate dosage system 8.

The pH adjustment system 6 includes an oxygen supply valve 9, a carbon dioxide supply valve 10, respectively rotameters 11 and 12, a reversible electric motor 13, a pH meter 14 and a flow sensor 15 pH.

System 7 water treatment contains the installation of 16 deionization, tank collection 17 and the UV irradiator 1c.

The system 8 for dispensing water and concentrate includes a container 19 for dialysis concentrate and a control valve 20 with a manual and automatic actuator. Series-connected rotameters 21 and 22 are installed on the dialyzing concentrate (DC) solution supply line. Similarly, rotameters 23 and 24, connected via a valve-distributor 25 and heater 26 to water treatment system 7, are also sequentially placed on the water supply branch. The rotameter 23 is regulating; its electric potential is fed to an electronic control device 27. The rotameter 24 is indicative (master) and output to the front panel of the device for visual observation of its indications. Similarly, the rotameter 21 on the concentrate branch is regulating and is associated with the regulating device 27, and the rotameter 22 is indicative.

A water supply branch and a concentrate supply branch are connected to a liquid mixer 28 connected to an automatic pH adjustment system 6 and to a gas mixer 29, the output of which is connected to a dialyzing regulating preheater 30 connected to a three-way valve 4.

The device works as follows.

The deionized water from the deionization unit 16 enters the collection tank 17, from where it is fed via a centrifugal pump to an ultraviolet irradiator 18, where water is irradiated with ultraviolet radiation. From the irradiator, water is directed through the distributor valve 25 to the preheater heater 26. Depending on the mode of operation of the device, the valve-distributor takes the required amount of water, returning the rest to the collection tank. In the heater 26, the non-contact control system maintains the water temperature in all modes within 40 ° C.

Heated the water through the rotameters 23 and 24 enters the mixer 28 liquids, which also serves the heated solution DC. The DC solution is prepared in the tank 19 and is directed by the pump to the control valve 20, which produces a partial fluid withdrawal, depending on the mode of operation.

The electronic control device 27, receiving electrical signals from the rotameters, compares them, and if one of the signals is rejected (through water), it gives a command to change the other. The command arrives at the reversing motor 31 of the control valve 20, which changes the modulation of the DC. This achieves the need for a proportion of mixable liquids.

The dialysis solution after the liquid mixer 28 is supplied to the gas mixer 29,

where is the saturation of the liquid with carbogen (a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide). Oxygen and carbon dioxide flow into the mixer 29 from the cylinders through the valves 9, 10 and rotameters 11, 12.

The concentration of hydrogen ions of the dialysing solution (pH of the solution) is determined using a pH sensor 15, detected by a pH meter 14 and maintained within specified limits (for example, 7.4-7.5) by changing the carbon dioxide supply by means of a control valve 10 electrically connected to the pH meter. Dialysis fluid after sensor

The pH meter is sent to the preheater 30, where the final solution temperature equalizes to 38-39 ° C and feeds it to the intermediate tank 2 through a three-way valve 4 or directly to the dialyzer 1 and then to the drain.

Using a three-way valve 4, three modes of operation of the dialyzer can be obtained: full flow, partial circulation and full circulation. When the dialyzer operates in the full-flow mode, the Dialysing solution goes through the valve 4 to the dialyzer and then to the drain. Tank 2 serves as a spare reserve tank, which guarantees a reliable hemodialysis process in case of disturbance or failure of individual automation elements.

When the dialyzer operates in partial circulation mode, the dialysis solution flows through the valve 4 into the intermediate tank 2, thereby constantly renewing the solution it contains; part of the solution goes to the drain. At the same time, the dialysis fluid is supplied to the dialyzer 1 and returned to the tank by means of a centrifugal vacuum pump 5 mounted on the tank.

In this mode of operation, the intermediate tank also guarantees the reliability of the device in case of automation problems.

In the full circulation mode, the feed to the dialyzer 1 is produced only

from intermediate tank 2 with

vacuum pump 5. In full flow mode

non-return valve 32 prevents entry

fluid from intermediate tank to dialyzer.