SU1731095A1 - Method for forming trees in maternal-graft gardens - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to fruit growing, and can be used in the formation of trees in rosaceae. The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of standard cuttings. The goal is achieved by the fact that plants planted in the garden in the first year form a stem and 4 horizontal branches at an angle of up to 90 & and a length of 25-35 cm, limiting the height of the trunk, together with a crown area of 75-80 cm; in the spring of next year, shoots of 8-10 buds are formed on these branches, and in the summer, when cuttings are made, some shoots are left (after 10 or 15-20 cm, depending on the growth force, the excitability of the buds and the specimen of species and varieties) of which, in the spring of the third year of the growing season, form sprouting links consisting of a replacement knot for 3-4 buds and a short arrow for 7-8 buds, with the finally formed horizontal branches with sprouting links forming 0.75-1.0 m. This method of formation by eliminating and formation of shoots with short flower buds and shoots fat provides more balanced growth and thereby optimum trees standard load on the length and thickness of shoots - cuttings, while in 1,5-3,3 times are reduced labor costs for cutting trees and harvesting cuttings. 4 of FIG. (Ls

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to fruit growing, and can be used in the formation of trees in the uterine-cuttings of intensive type,

There is a method of pruning uterine plants, in which immediately after planting seedlings, all branches and the conductor are shortened by half. Plants are grown with a shtambik of 15-20 cm.

The disadvantages of the method are that it is ineffective, and the grafts are not always suitable for budding.

The closest technical solution is a method of forming trees in a mother-cutting plant, including planting annual seedlings that were previously pruned at the height of a trunk and creating a productive zone at the same level for all seedlings, characterized in that the aim is to increase the yield of standard cuttings from the remaining seedlings below the cut of the kidneys, they form semi-skeletal branches, having them at an angle close to the straight line in relation to the stem, and directed along and perpendicular to the row,

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and a productive zone is created at the ends of semi-skeletal branches.

The disadvantages of the method are that it does not ensure uniform placement and growth of the shoots on young (two-year-old) wood, normal physiological processes due to disturbance of nutrient, light and air regimes, while the productive zone is only 40% of the length branches.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of standard cuttings.

FIG. Figure 1 shows the placement of the four branches with the angles of departure from the trunk and the divergence between themselves, close to straight, in the spring in the first year after trimming; in fig. 2 - view of a branch with shoots in the spring following the pruning; in fig. 3 - view of the branch, on which of the shoots left in the spring of the second year, growth increased in the summer; in fig. 4 is a view of a branch on which from the leaves left in summer after harvesting cuttings at the base of the branch of the shoots in the spring of the third year of vegetation there are formed sprouting links consisting of a replacement knot and a short arrow.

Example. After planting the seedlings in the garden in the autumn or early spring, four shoots are taken from them that spring from adjacent buds or through a bud with a large angle of departure from the central axis and a well-formed ring at the base from both the lower and upper branches. angle of divergence between them up to 90 °. They are then shortened to the outer bud, leaving a length of 25–35 cm for the branch (FIG. 1). Continued branch escape is shortened annually to the outer bud to the optimum length — half the distance between the mother trees. The height of the trunk, together with the area of the crown, is 75-80 cm. This shaping ensures uniform placement and growth of shoots, good light and air regimes, and the possibility of mechanized care of the bud and plants. In the spring of next year, shoots 8-10 buds long are left on these branches (Fig. 2). On each flight, new growths grow by summer (Fig. 3). When harvesting cuttings, a part of the shoots are left, of which in the spring of the third year of the growing season, there are sprouting links (Fig. 4), consisting of a substitute knot for 3–4 buds and a short arrow for 7–8 eyes, with the optimal placement on the branches (10, 15, or 20 cm) depends on the strength of growth, the excitability of the kidneys, and the breeding ability of the rocks and varieties.

The final length of the formed main branches with the sprouting links is 0.75-1.0 cm.

Such pruning of planted plants with the above height of the trunk, the length of the branches and shoots, and the angle of divergence of the branches, which are selected in accordance with the stone biology, creates favorable conditions for the formation of a small crown and allows for the mechanization of uterine plantings.

The proposed method of formation ensures the placement of graft cuttings on young (two-year-old) wood, which is less exposed to negative natural bud mutations, and eliminates the formation of premature shoots, for example, in peach,

By accelerating the ripening of the shoots and reducing by 35.1–63.0% of the number of overgrown and fat shoots, their biological and commercial qualities improved significantly, due to which the number of shoots cut to cuttings meeting the requirements of the standard increased by 29.3–81 , 7%. Labor costs for pruning trees and harvesting cuttings decreased 1.5-3.3 times.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of forming trees in mauca-cuttings of gardens, including planting seedlings, forming a trunk and four horizontal branches, at an angle up to 90 °, with the creation of a productive zone along the entire length of the branches at the same level, characterized in that, in order to increase the output of standard cuttings, the stem height and the kronirovanie zone of seedlings are limited to 75-80 cm, the branches for shaping are chosen to be 25- 35 in the spring of next year, shoots of 8-10 buds are left on these branches, and in the summer, when cuttings are made, some shoots are left, of which in the spring of the third year of the growing season they form shoots, consisting of a replacement knot of 3-4 buds and short arrows on 7-8 kidneys, finally sf rmirovannye horizontal branches with pobegonos conductive link means comprise a 0.75-1.0 m. 2 Pui.3