SU1720572A1 - Method and device for vineyard cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of cultivating plants. The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield by improving the growth conditions and the development of plants. The method of cultivating vineyards and the device for its implementation is that the aisle is profiled under the gable surface, forming a hollow in a row of plants, and mulching with a two-layer black film made with an internal conveyor pipeline, equipped with figured distributors with an outlet opening combined with a hole made in the lid of the perforated cup, which is placed in the well, located at a distance of 0.10-0.151 (where I is the width between the rows) from the trunk of the bush with a deviation of The well bore is from the vertical at an angle of 9-12 &D; in the lower part, approaching the root system of the hive. The perforated cup is filled with heat-accumulating material and placed into it over the entire length of the chamber with fertilizer mixture, having different periods of destruction, and is provided with it in the upper part of the mount to remove the perforated cup from the well for the winter period. For local surface irrigation of the pestle zone of the bush with heated water, figured distributors supply tips in the form of a circle made protruding beyond the edges of the film and equipped with additional water outlets. 3 hp ff, 6 ill. (Ls

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of cultivating plants.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield due to improved growth and development conditions of the plants.

Figure 1 shows the implementation of the proposed method; figure 2 - section aa in figure 1; on fig.Z - section bb in figure 2; figure 4 - the device cover perforated glass; FIG. 5 shows a tip in the form of an open circle protruding beyond the edge of the film; figure 6 is a horizontally located glass, cross-section.

The aisle 1 is profiled under the double-slope surface and is mulched with a two-layer, black, opaque film 2, made with an internal conveyor pipeline 3, equipped with figured distributors 4 with a water outlet hole 5, aligned with the hole 6, made in the lid 7 of the profiled cup 8, which fits about ate

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ho

placed in the well 9, located on a row of plants, in a hollow at a distance of 0.10-1.1551 (where I is the width between the rows) from the trunk of a bush 10 with a deviation of the axis of the well 9 from the vertical by an angle of "9-12 °, in the lower parts close to the root system of bush 10. The perforated cup 8 is filled with heat-accumulating material 11 and placed into it over the entire length of the chamber 12 with a fertilizer mixture, having different periods of destruction, and provided in the upper part with fasteners 13 for removing the perforated cup 8 from the well 9 for the winter period. For local surface irrigation of the bush front zone with curved water, figured distributors provide tips in the form of an open circle 14, protruding beyond the edge of a two-layer, black, opaque film 2 and equipped with heated water outlet holes on the upper plane of the open circle. with periodic fertilization the cup is horizontal and made of black opaque material 16 Orme open circle with perforations 17 in the bottom 1/4 of the cross-section, is filled with its heat accumulating material 11 and placed it in the chamber 12 with a fertilizer mixture.

The method is carried out as follows.

At the beginning of the growing season, after loosening, the inter-section 1 is profiled under the double-slope surface and is mulched with a two-layer, opaque film 2, made with an internal conveying pipeline 3, through which water enters the figured distributors 4. The surface of the two-layer black, opaque film 2 absorbs solar energy and heats that contributes to the warming of the soil under the film. The water passes through the conveying pipeline 3 and is shaped by the shaped distributor 4. When this happens, the energy of the flow is quenched, which starts at the entrance to the figured distributor 4 as a result of the resistance at the entrance. Further, when moving along the figure distributor 4, it is quenched due to a sharp measurement of the direction of movement. From the water outlet 5, the water enters the heated and almost free.

In the row of plants, in the hollow, at a distance of 0.10-0.151 (where I is the width between the rows) from the trunk of the bush 10, two wells 9 are made with a deviation of the axis of the well 9 from the vertical by an angle of 9-12 °, in the lower parts approaching the root system of the hive 10. In each of the wells 9, a perforated cup 8 is placed, which is filled with heat by accumulating material 11. In the upper part the punched cup 8 is equipped with fasteners 13, which serve to remove it from the well 9 for the winter period,

0 cover 7, preventing the ingress of soil inside. In the lid 7, an opening 6 is made for communication with the water outlet 5. In the center of the perforated cup 8, the full depth is arranged

5 several chambers 12 with a fertilizer mixture made of a film with different periods of destruction. The number of chambers 12 is assigned depending on the required number of times of fertilization. The period of destruction of each chamber 12 is set according to the required timing of the introduction of the fertilizer mixture. The volume of chamber 12 depends on the rate of application of the fertilizer mixture under one bush at a time, at the rate of

5 two cameras 12 on one bush at a time.

If at the time of irrigation the time for fertilization is not coming, the water is heated from the outlet 5 enters the hole 6, made in

0 the lid 7 of the perforated cup 8, passes between the heat-accumulating material 11, heats it and through the walls of the perforated cup 8 enters the kidney in the zone of greatest distribution

5 roots. Mulching between beds 1 with a two-layer, black, opaque film 2, heat-accumulating material 11 and the soil moistened with heated water together will increase the temperature in the daytime as well as at night, providing a nightly heated zone of the most widespread roots.

If at the time of the irrigation the fertilization period has come, i.e. The period of destruction of the film from which one of the chambers 12 was made ended; water during the irrigation passes through the perforated cup 8 between the heat-accumulating material 11, dissolves

0 fertilizer, and it, together with water, through a perforated cup 8 comes in a heated state to the roots of plants.

For local surface irrigation of the trunk zone of the bush 10 heated

5 water figured distributors 4 supply tips in the form of an open circle 14, which are made protruding beyond the edges of the black opaque two-layer film 2 and provided with additional water outlet

holes 15. A two-layer black opaque film2 on a profile of a gabled surface between the rows 1 is placed in such a way that the trunk of the bush 10 is located in the center of an open circle 14, which allows watering by heated water heated during passage through the transporting pipeline 3 and figured distributor 4, eliminating the opening of the soil in the near-stem zone of the bush 10.

For local, surface irrigation with heated water with periodic fertilization and heat preservation at night, the cup is placed horizontally and is made of black opaque material 16 in the form of an open circle with perforation 17 in the bottom 1/4 of the cross section. It is filled with heat-accumulating material 11 and chambers 12 are placed in it with a fertilizer mixture made of a film with different periods of destruction.

The application of the proposed method of cultivating plants and the perforated cup makes it possible, as compared with the existing ones, to improve the conditions for the growth and development of plants and thereby sharply increase the yield.

Using the high responsiveness of the grape roots to temperature increase, soil moisture and the presence of fertilizers, it is possible to control the formation of the root system, concentrating the bulk of the roots in the advantageous zone.

For covering vineyards, the device of deep (up to 2.0 depths of the underground trunk) perforated glasses contributes to the deepening of the root system and thereby increasing the resistance of vineyards to freezing.

For open vineyards, perforated cups perform a shallow 1.5 underground pit depths that allow the root system to be formed in a more fertile layer with higher temperatures. This also contributes to the use of tips 4 horizontal glasses, made in the form of an open circle.

The use of a two-layer black opaque film allows for rational use of solar energy.

for heating irrigation water and heat storage.

Claims (4)

1. A method of cultivating vineyards, including a series of planting, making wells in the root zone with a deviation of the borehole axis from the vertical and the lower part approaching root system, filling of wells with substrate, local irrigation with water supply to wells, characterized in that, in order to increase yields by improving the conditions of growth and development of plants, the spacing is profiled under the dam surface, forming a hollow in the row of plants, and the surface is mulched two-layer black opaque film, wells in the root zone Perforated glass filled with heat-accumulating material, equipped with cameras with a fertilizer mixture made of a film with different periods of destruction, is placed on the side of slopes and placed on the soil surface in the root zone is placed a glass of black opaque material, made in the form of an open circle with a perforated surface, 1/4 cross-section filled with heat-accumulating material and supplied with chambers with fertilizer mixture made of film with different periods of destruction, and local Watering with water supply to the wells is carried out with heated water. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass is placed on the soil surface with a perforated surface. 3. Device for the cultivation of vineyards, containing a transporting pipeline and distributors, characterized in that the distributors are placed in the cavity between the two black light-proof films laid onto the surface of the slopes of profiled inter-aisles, with the distributors made of figured ones and provided with tips in the form of an open circle with a perforated surface. 4. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that the distributors are zigzag-shaped. - ;. si } h I h .four -h -J u o ate-j u 6-E Rig.Z Rig. four