SU1639468A1 - Method of pea cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the technology of pea cultivation. The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of peas. The invention allows to increase the yield of pea seeds by 22.4% (6.5 centners / ha) by increasing the growing season by 8-12 days and increasing the leaf spawning 1.5-2 times due to a greater number of styles. In the period 10–12 days after emergence, when the length of the plants is 12–17 cm and 5–6 leaves are formed with one pair of leaves, the upper part of the stems is cut at a length of 6–8 cm. 1 c. , 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the technology of pea cultivation.

The aim of the invention is to increase the yield of peas.

This goal is achieved by the fact that, according to the method of pea cultivation, including basic and pre-sowing soil preparation, fertilization, sowing of seeds in a continuous, consistent manner, the care of sowing with harrowing before and after sprouting is carried out on the 10-12th day after sprouting cutting the upper part of the plant stems over half of the cultivated area when their length is 12-17 cm and 5-6 leaves are formed with one pair of leaves, while the length of the part to be removed is 6-8 cm. stalks on one plant e from sleeping axillary buds of leaves. The newly formed stems use for their growth assimilates of sotted 3-4 leaves on the trimmed stem, which

they remain green longer and workable compared to the same leaves in the control plants without staking. Plants have time to form a branched root system even before scabbing (on the condition of an early sowing date), which also supplies the newly formed stems with nutrients. In the course of further growth of peas, half of the newly formed stems die off, and the stems that grow from the axillary buds of primordial leaflets (scales) in the root neck of the plant produce seeds. When cutting pea plants, the area of green leaves per plant increases by 1.5-2 times and they assimilate for 8-12 days longer and accumulate dry matter compared to unmowed plants. In accordance with this, the period of ripening of peas and, consequently, the optimal period of its harvesting for cut plants comes 8-12 days later than for plants without tasting. Moreover,

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the number of beans and seeds for knotted plants increases. Thus, the possibility of adjusting the ripening time and the time of harvesting the city over large areas in optimal time provides a significant reduction in crop losses and an additional crop additive by 22.4%.

The proposed method of pea cultivation is implemented as follows.

Field experiments were conducted at the experimental station under the conditions of a normal year and the production inspection was carried out under the conditions of the dry year, when there was a drought in the third decade and there was not a single rain for 20-31 ma (rain fell in the second decade II). 1 mm or 5% of the average long-term norm) and 5 days were with relative air humidity less than 30%. The soils are leached chernozem, the sowing method is continuous, the seeding rate is 1.2 million pcs. germinating seeds per 1 ha. The size of the accounting records is 100m2, repeated 4 times, the pea variety Green Zeleny 1. When cutting, the upper part of the stem is 6-8 cm long removed at different times: during the period 10-12 days after germination, when the length of the stems is 12-17 cm and 5-6 leaves are formed with one pair of leaves; during the budding phase, when 1-2 leaves with two pairs of leaflets are formed on the stems and small buds covered with stipules of the last leaf are at the growth point; in the phase of mass flowering of pea with the formation of 2-3 leaves with three pairs of leaflets, when flat beans 1-2 to 4 cm long are formed on the lower fruit node, flowers are in the second and large buds at the growth point. Harvesting time - when ripe 50-75% of the beans in a separate way. Crop counting was carried out after thrashing of cases by a Sampo combine by weighing with a recalculation of 14% moisture in 100% purity. Mathematical processing of the yield data was carried out by the method of variance analysis.

Under normal weather conditions, the year from planting pea plants 12 days after germination (9 days before the budding phase), an increase of 6.5 c / ha or 22.4% was obtained, and when peeking during the mass flowering phase, the effect is the same as when stabbing in the budding phase, yield increase was not observed, i.e. the seed yield level was the same as in the control without stabbing (table). The yield increase in centners / ha or 22.4% is due to the fact that the number of stems on the plant increases from 2 to 7 pcs. (half of them then die off), due to which the leaf area increases by a factor of 15–2 compared with control plants. Thus, in a normal year, the leaf area at the flowering phase is maximal at 505.7 cm2 / plant in the control, and when milled through 12

in the same phase, it is 927.6 cm2 / plant for days after germination, the weight of these leaves is 7.61 and 18.09 g / plant, respectively.

When cutting in the budding phase

0, the maximum leaf area in the flowering phase is 748.2 cm2 / plant and their weight is 12.59 g. In this case, the stems that produce seeds are formed simultaneously from the axillary buds of the primordial leaflets and their paralum buds of the upper two leaves to the point of the stem cutting. .

When cutting in the mass flowering phase, the leaf area is maximum at 840.7 cmg / plant and their weight is 14.61 g. At

In this period of stabbing, the stems that produce seeds are formed only from the axillary buds of the upper 2-leaf buds before the cut point of the stem. The inconvenience and trampling of the plants are observed even with the manual mode.

5 tame them with the help of a spit in the phase of the mass flowering of peas.

Seven days before the control plants were harvested, the green leaf area in the control was reduced to 199.8 cm / plant;

0, while with the bale, their area is 410.7; 292.3 and 516.5 cm2 / plant. In accordance with this, the ripening of peas (and the optimal time for harvesting)

5 decayed plants occur in normal years for 8-12 days later control. So, when cutting around 12 days after germination, peas ripened 8 days later than the control plants.

0 Similar data were obtained in the dry year, when the peas were not ripe and were ready for harvesting, and the cut plants matured and were ready to be harvested 8 days later.

5 Thus, it is easy to regulate the ripening and harvesting time of peas over large areas (500 ha or more) in optimal time and without significant losses, and in wet and normal years to get another 22.4% yield increase from stabbing 10-12 days after germination. For example, in a production environment, checking this period for stabbing pea crops showed greater efficacy compared to control plants that were removed simultaneously with the mowed plants in the period 10 days after germination and in the budding phase. So, the biological harvest of pea seeds in

a dry year, knocked down 10 days after germination, when 5-6 leaves were formed on plants with one pair of leaflets, amounted to 23.5 centners / ha, while cutting in the budding phase — 20.5 centners / hectare, and the seed yield was control plants without tamping, but harvested at the same time as decimated plants, was only 16.7 centners / ha, i.e. less by 4.8-6.8 q / ha or by 28.7-40.7%. In this case, the yield increase is due to the fact that the second control of the second control without laying it out took place 8 days later than the optimal period, which in the dry year of unmowed plants occurred 8 days earlier than that of the planted crops and the yield of seeds was 21 , 9% or 4.7 centner / ha more (with the smallest significant difference HCPos 2.32 centner / ha) than in the second control, This happened because of over-ripe pea self-sprinkling.

Comparing the yield of pea seeds from control plants harvested in a timely manner with the yield of cut plants in a dry year, when the spring drought was strong, it is clear that it is the same, i.e. is at the same level, with the exception of the variant in which milling was carried out in the phase of mass flowering. It is impractical to cut the peas into mass flowering phase in dry years, since the seed yield is reduced by 5.3 q / ha or HS by 24.8% compared to the yield from unmowed plants harvested in a timely manner.

The use of the proposed method of pea cultivation with the use of stabbing plants in the period 10-12 days after germination provides the following advantages compared with the known.

In normal years, an additional 6.5 centners per hectare or 22.4% of the seed yield is obtained by increasing the growing season by 8–12

days and an increase in leaf area 1.5-2 times due to a larger number of stems.

In normal and dry years, the period of optimal harvesting period is extended by 8–12 days, which contributes to

for households to remove peas in a timely manner from a large area (500 hectares or more), when they start harvesting the uncut crop half of the crops and finish harvesting of the cut crops. This allows additional

to get 6.8 centners per hectare or 40.7% compared with the yield from unmown plants harvested at the same time as the cut, i.e. 8-12 days late. Such an increase (40.7%) is obtained by summing up the effects of podkashivaniyu and from the reduction of losses when self-sprinkling overripe peas.

Claims (2)

1. A method of cultivating peas, including sowing seeds at an early date and caring for crops, characterized in that, in order to increase yields, 10-12 days after sprouting, shearing the top of the pea stalks over half of the sown area. 2. Method pop. 1, characterized in that the cutting of the upper part of the pea stalks is carried out for a length of 6-8 cm.