SU1457840A1 - Method of combine harvesting of root vegetables - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the agricultural production, in particular to the technological process of harvesting root crops. The aim of the invention is to ensure non-stop alternate loading of tops and roots into autonomous vehicles. When loading the roots, the tops are laid in a swath, which is picked up and loaded into a vehicle by the same combine in the next aisle, and the roots are collected in a bunker, which allows one person to remove the roots with the loading of the tops and roots in separate vehicles without stopping combine harvester. 6 Il.

Description

one

The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to the technological process of harvesting sugar beets, as well as to machines for harvesting root crops, such as sugar beets.

The purpose of the invention is the non-stop alternate loading of warp and roots into autonomous vehicles.

Figure 1 shows a combine for harvesting root crops, top view; figure 2 is the same, side view; on fig.Z - scheme patloTbi combine without vehicles: the tops are placed in the swath, and the roots are collected in the bunker; Fig. 4 is a diagram of the operation of the combine when the roots are loaded into a car coming next to the combine and the tops are laid down. roll in a roll; Fig. 5 is a diagram of the operation of the combine when the tops of the load are loaded into a car traveling next to the combine.

and the roots are collected in the combine bunker; Fig. 6 is a diagram of the movement of the combine across the field in one of the regular circles.

The technological process of the proposed method is carried out as follows.

With the first two passes of the combine in the new die (vvral) roots are collected in the bunker, and the tops are placed in the roll. In this case, the combine works without moving the vehicle next to it, so as not to roll uncleaned tops and roots with wheels. The roots from the bunker in the first and second passes in the new die are reloaded into the vehicle only at the edge of the gons. With the aisle of the combine, cut the tops of the tops with new rows. In synchronization with this, they select the tops of the tops that are laid in the swath during the previous passage in the same direction and the load is cut off and cut (O

with

 & 1 "h

Roll out into the vehicle, which moves near the combine along the field harvested in the first two aisles, and the roots are collected in a bunker. When the bunker is filled with roots, the freshly cut and picked up from the rolls are topped by the tops placed in the rear of the combine into a new roll, and the roots are loaded into the root vehicle, which at this time is replaced by the haulm vehicle and which are next to the combine.

Thus, they provide without interruption

rotate wheel

towards each other. On the cleaners 13, the ground is sieved, and the roots are displaced to the longitudinal electrolyte 14, which takes them to the bunker 15. When the bunker is filled, they turn on the loader conveyor 16 and unload the roots into the vehicle body without interrupting the movement of the combine. A quadruple harvester with a bunker with a capacity of 2-4 tons with a known yield and characteristic rut length requires no more than one unloading of roots at the rut length and one each

20

25

thirty

35

A highly productive high-performance jg at every turn, a new harvesting of sugar beet with separate loading of tops and roots into autonomous vehicles.

Thus, the combine immerses both products (tops and roots) in motor transport.

The method has been fabricated in the following way.

The car for loading the roots is fed to the combine as the bunker is filled (Fig. 4), and the rest of the time, a car is placed next to the combine for loading the haulm (Fig. 5). In the time interval between the arrival of cars for loading the roots are collected in the combine bunker, and the tops are placed in a roll (Fig. 3).

When the combine moves along the rows, the copiers 1 toppers 2 run into the heads of the roots and raise the disk knives of 3 toppers to the required height of each root cutting. Cut the tops of the roots with the tops are dropped by the cutters of the toppers to the receiving conveyors 4, which transfer it to the cross conveyor 5, and it in turn, dumps it to the floor surface on the side of the combine into a roll, positioning it at a distance of the width of the working grab from the longitudinal axis of the combine

The swath is picked up by the conveyor-pick-up 6 of the same combine and then placed into the swath along the longitudinal axis of the combine if the decal-swather 7 is open (shown in dotted line 4 in Fig. 4), or loaded with the help of an auger 8 bladed chimneys 9 and product pipe 10 into the vehicle (in FIG. 4 is shown in solid line).

Cut off the roots after cleaning the residual tops of the tops with the cleaner 11 and digging out them with the punchers 12, which direct them to the rotor cleaners 13,

40

45

50

55

During the first pass (there) of pickups with the soil, having turned the drive shaft, the guide is shown), and we remove the porter 5, dumping the tops of the neighboring rows, remove them from the hopper into the bunker 15 and unload the rojia. If the hopper is higher, then the combine lifting position and outboard weights at the end of the rut are saved for

On the second lap of the circle (back), the new swath former 7, of FIG. 4, shows the pun 6, which is lowered to the ground. It is underneath the roll, dumping rum 5 onto the strip in the open passage, transferring the conveyor to the auger B. So the former is open, melting like a simple topper bit to the surface directs it to the soil tops of the tops behind the comb of the axle. In the rest works as on the first

Beginning with the third round circle, first move the field to the retracted field on the removed field — first, the transport load is topped, placed in the previous aisle, and as a result, I close the solid line

auger 8 flow tops to product line

at every turn,

During the first pass in the new die (there), the pickups are lifted above the ground, turning it around the upper drive shaft with a hydraulic cylinder (not shown), and the harvested haulm with conveyor 5 is dumped onto the uncleared tops of the neighboring rows. The roots grow out of the ground, they are removed from the ground, collected in the bunker 15 and unloaded only at the end of the rojia. If the bunker is filled earlier, then the combine is lifted to the transport position and leave for unloading at the end of the rut, and then return. to continue the work.

On the second pass, the first circle (back) of the new crown is opened with decoupling former 7 (shown in Fig. 4 by the dotted line). The pick-up 6 is lowered to contact with the soil. He picks up the tops of the swath, dropped by the conveyor 5 onto the strip, the floor cleaned in the first pass, passes the tops to the cross conveyor 17, which feeds it to the screw B. Since the deck-former is open, the screw 8 works as a simple beater and discards The tops to the deck surface, which directs them to the soil, form a topper roll behind the combine along its longitudinal axis. The rest of the combine works as on the first pass (there).

Starting from the third pass (second round), the vehicle is moving in the new drive and on the next rows with a combine along the harvested field - first under the tops. To the body of this vehicle is a load of tops laid in a roll on the previous passage and in the current one, for which deck 7 is closed (in Fig. 4 is shown by a solid line),

by screw 8, the flow of the tops to the firewood 18 through product line 10, and the roots are collected in a bunker until the latter is filled.

Then the vehicle approaches the combine under the roots instead of the vehicle under the tops. It can be a tractor with a trailer with half-open in advance m and a sidewall pushed in this position, facing the combine. The deco is opened by shifting the tops, laid earlier and freshly cut into the roll, into the new roll behind the combine on the freshly harvested floor. At the same time turn on the rotation of the conveyor-loader, which overloads the roots from the bunker to the back of the transport-. on the working stroke of the combine in the die.

L unloading the trailer with it will slightly pull away from the combine, and then, not stopping, tilt the trailer body with the hydraulic cylinder towards the half-open side until the roots fall onto the floor surface. This allows stretching the hilt for the next more convenient operation of the loader. The combine continues to move and works with the conveyor-loader stopped, gathering the roots into the bunker, and putting the tops of the tops into a roll until the vehicle fits to the tops. Then everything is repeated as at the beginning of the third pass.

Thus, the proposed method allows to remove the tops and roots of roots with the loading of both products on the combine in the running vehicle alternately, and if necessary it can work 2-3

457840

ten

15

20

circle (up to 1 hour) when delaying the arrival of the conveyor for the tops. Upon his arrival, you can immerse in him all the cut tops, not stopping the harvesting of new rows. While transport ;; there is no for tops (its transportation to the farm at a distance of 3-7 km and possibly a violation of the transport schedule) the combine shifts the tops from the roll to the roll.

All operations of the combine, including the loading of both products into vehicles, are controlled by one tractor driver. In addition, for the non-stop operation of the combine by the proposed method, it suffices to allocate just one vehicle to the roots.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of combine harvesting of root crops, including the operations carried out by one harvesting unit for digging up, laying down root crops and loading root crops into a vehicle, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of harvesting, during the first and second passes when loading the roots into the bunker, they are cut and laid in a swath; during the subsequent dvz aisles, it is cut from new rows; at the same time, the tops laid in the swath are picked up during the preceding passage and loaded into the vehicle alternately with Booting the roots from the bunker into another vehicle. Fig.z Jig 10 11 FIG 5 Us