SU1446148A1 - Apparatus for producing methane from manure or vegetable materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the enzymatic processing of agricultural waste, to apparatus for the production of methane from manure or plant materials. The purpose of the invention is to accelerate the process and thereby increase productivity. The apparatus contains a tank 1 with a pipe 2 for supplying the substrate, pipes 3 and 4 for the withdrawal of gas and the processed substrate located in the tank 1 anode 5 and the cathode 6, made in the form of grids with the formation of two zones 7 and 8 for the height of tank 1 acid and methane broods, respectively, axial pumps 9 for mixing the medium in zones, a device for feeding the substrate into the container 1, including a feed hopper 11, auger 12 and an actuator 13. The device 10 communicates with the nozzle 2 via a pipeline 14 and a chamber 15, and anode 5 and cathode 6 connect to the power supply unit via rectifier 17. The proposed apparatus allows combining two stages of fermentation, acidic and methane, in one container, while the methane production process is continuous. 5 il. and cn (";

Description

The invention relates to devices for the enzymatic processing of agricultural waste, to apparatus for producing methane from manure or plant materials.

The purpose of the invention is to accelerate the process and thereby increase productivity.

FIG. shows an apparatus for producing methane, longitudinal section; FIG. 2 is a sectional view of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is the same; embodiment J of FIG. 4 — node I in FIG. 2; in fig. 5 - node II in FIG.

The apparatus for producing methane from manure or plant materials contains a container G with a nozzle 2 for supplying a substrate located in the lower part of the tank 1, and an inlet pipe 3 and 4 for withdrawing gas and recycled substrate, respectively. The tank 1 is equipped with an anode 5 and a cathode 6 installed above it, made in the form of grids located n (5 cross-section of tank 1, forming two zones along its height. 7 and 8, the bottom 7 of which serve for acidic fermentation of the substrate, and the top 8 is for a methane brood. At that, axial pump 9 is placed along its walls along its walls for mixing the substrate along zones 7 and 8, mounted so that their longitudinal axes are located tangentially to the tank wall one .

In addition, the apparatus is equipped with a device 10 for feeding the substrate to the nozzle 2, including a feed funnel 11, auger 12 and a drive 13. The device 10 communicates with the nozzle 2 through a pipe 14 and a chamber 15 installed on the nozzle 4 and serves as a heat exchange jacket

The anode 5 and cathode 6 are connected to power supply 16 via rectifier 17. Capacity 1 also has an inlet 8 for supplying acid-forming bacteria to zone 7 and an inlet 19 for supplying methanogenic bacteria to zone 8.

Axial pumps 9 can have various designs. For example, the pump working body can be made in the form of a screw 20 placed longitudinally by an electric motor 21 inside the rotor 22. or in the form of an electric motor 23 with blades 24 mounted on its shaft and placed in an annular casing 25 .

The axial pump motors 9 have additional devices for increasing rotor losses, located in power supply 16, and are diodes imposing a constant component on the alternating current that brakes the rotor to use the resulting thermal energy to heat the medium. .

The device works in the following way.

Manure or plant material is fed into the feed funnel 11 of the device 10, in which the mass is ground by the screw 12 and, the passage through the chamber 15 is fed through the pipeline 14 and the nozzle 2 into the container 1, into its lower part. The passage through the chamber 15, the substrate is partially heated by the recycled substrate escaping through the nozzle 4, as it is located inside the chamber 15. The filling of the container 1 through the nozzle 2 proceeds continuously. The substrate (manure or plant waste), undergoing enzymatic decomposition, continuously moves in the tank 1 from bottom to top under the pressure of the medium from the pipe 2 and is discharged through the pipe 4. Through the pipe 18, a culture of acid bacteria is introduced into zone 7, which are distributed by volume zone 7 under the action of axial pumps 9, and through pipe 19 in zone 8, a culture of methane-forming bacteria is introduced and so. it is distributed over the volume of zone 8.

The axial pumps 9 mix the medium in the tank 1 circumferentially, in zones 7 and 8. Since the motors of the axial pumps have devices for increasing the losses in the rotor, which leads to additional heat generation, the substrate is also heated to the required temperature with stirring.

For normal growth of acid-forming bacteria in zone 7, it is necessary to maintain the pH in the range of 4.5-5. This is achieved by applying an electrical voltage to the anode 5 and the cathode 6, which is established depending on the size of the apparatus. Near the anode 5, acid electrolysis forms a pH of 4.5-5, and near the cathode 6 is alkaline,

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essential for the viability of methane-forming bacteria.

Since the substrate in the tank 1 is constantly moving upwards and layer-by-layer mixing of the medium occurs in the transverse plane of the tank 1 in zones 7 and 8 under the action of axial pumps 9, two zones are formed in the tank 1, in one of which 7 acid fermentation takes place and in the other, 8, the formation and incorporation of methane, which is discharged through the nozzle 3.

In this way, it is possible to combine the two stages of processing the substrate (manure or plant materials) in the same apparatus with the continuity of the fermentation process and reduce the time of the methane formation process, which leads to an increase in productivity.

In comparison with the known, the proposed design of the apparatus provides optimal conditions for the decomposition of the substrate, both at the stage of acid fermentation and at the stage of methane, and their separation along the process allows more

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to fully carry out each of the stages, which also contributes to an increase in productivity.

5 f

formula of invention

A plant to produce methane from manure or plant materials,

comprising a container with a nozzle for supplying a substrate disposed in a part of the container and nozzles for withdrawing gas and a recycled substrate, characterized by

so that, in order to speed up the process and thus increase productivity, the tank is equipped with an anode and a cathode installed above it, made in the form of grids located across the cross section of the tank with the formation of two zones along its height, the lower of which serves for acidic fermentation of the substrate, and the top for methane, while in the tank

Axial pumps are placed at its walls along the height to move the substrate through the zones, installed in such a way that their longitudinal axes are tangential to the wall.

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Claims (1)

Claim An apparatus for the production of methane from manure or plant materials, containing a container with a nozzle for supplying the substrate, located in the lower part of the tank, and nozzles for withdrawing gas and recycled substrate, which, in order to accelerate the process and thus increase productivity, the tank is equipped with an anode and a cathode installed above it, you-. filled in the form of grids located across the cross-section of the tank with the formation of two zones along its height, the lower of which serves for acid fermentation of the substrate, and the top for methane, while axial pumps are placed in the tank near its walls, for mixing the substrate in zones mounted in such a way that their longitudinal axes are tangential to the wall. 1446148