SU1314139A1 - Device for starting and reversing turbocharged internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of engine-building and makes it possible to increase the stability of the device operation under transient conditions. The device contains a main starting valve 1, connected by a pipe 2 to a source of compressed air 3, and a starting line 4 to working cavities 5 starting valves 6. An air distributor 8 connected to a main line 4 is connected to the control cavities 1.1. It has two-sided working cavities 13-, 14 connected with the control cavity 17 of the servomotor 18 of the speed regulator 18 and with the line 19 of the pneumatic control system of the control system. In the pipe 16 is adjustable throttle 20 unilateral action. The pipeline 2 is connected to the control cavity 26 of the valve 1 piping and valve system. With a sharp transition from one engine mode to another, the engine cylinder is dispensed with compressed air, as a result, the rotational speed of the turbine will increase dramatically. The charge air pressure in the intake manifold will increase rapidly. Increases engine acceleration. 1 il. j cl St5 pkKammdat -. am nHtanuJuuuin-i / chitsisteny with 4 oo with

Description

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The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular, to engine construction, namely to devices for starting and reversing an internal combustion engine with turbocharging.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the stability of operation in transient conditions.

The drawing shows the scheme of the proposed devices.

The device contains a main starting valve 1 connected by a pipe 2 to a source of compressed air 3 (starting cylinders) and a starting line 4 - to working cavities 5 of starting valves 6, Starting line 4 by pipe 7 is connected to the air distributor 8, which has pulse channels 9 through cut-off the valves 10 are connected to the control cavities 11 of the starting valves 6. The device also contains a two-way servomotor 12, the working cavities of which 13 and 14 are connected by nozzles 15 and 16 to the control cavity 17 of the servomotor 18 of the speed regulator and with the line 19 of the pneumatic sensor of the control system, and the nozzle 6 is equipped with an adjustable one-way throttle 20,

In addition, pipeline 2 through pipe 21 through a normally closed valve 22, pipe 23 through a check valve 24 and pipe 25 is connected to the control cavity 26 of the main starting valve 1.

A double-acting servomotor 12 comprises a diaphragm 27, springs 28 and 29, and tu 30, which is rigidly connected to the stem 31 of a normally closed valve 22 provided with a discharge channel 32. I

In addition, the valve 22 has a cavity 33 and 34 and a seal 35 with a spring 36.

The adjustable throttle 20 contains an adjusting needle 37, a seal 38 with a throttle bore 39 and a spring 40.

The diverter valve 24 is provided with cavities 41 and 42, and a free-floating seal 43.

The speed control servomotor 18 comprises a membrane 44 and a stem 45 associated with a fuel supply control member.

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The device works as follows.

Consider the operation of the device during the gradual (slow or multistage) movement of the control body of the remote automated control system (DAU), for example, from the Small Forward position to the Middle Forward position. At the same time, in the line 19 of the pneumatic sensor, the pressure increases slightly from the previously set, and the air that enters the cavity 17 of the cepBOMqTopa 18 deforms the membrane 44 down through the rod 45 smoothly acts on the rail of the fuel pump and slightly increases the load on the engine, which transfers to the new mode work. The transient mode of operation of the engine with virtually no.

At the same time, air from line 19 goes through nozzles 15 and 16, respectively, to cavities 13 and 14 of servomotor 12. At the same time, the rate of increase of pressure in cavity 13 is slightly Bbmie than in cavity 14, due to the fact that nozzle 16 contains an adjustable throttle 20. In as a result, the membrane 27 is deformed to the right, moving 30 with a stem 31 of a normally closed valve 22, but due to a slight pressure difference in cavities 13 and 14 of the servomotor 12, the spring 28 prevents the membrane 27 from deforming to the extent that current 31 and seal 35 of valve 22, and therefore the latter cannot open. With a smooth or insignificant movement of the control body, the device does not have any effect on the operation of the internal control system.

With a sharp (which, as a rule, takes place in practice) movement of the control unit to transfer the engine to work, for example, from low speed to medium or full stroke, the air pressure in the line 19 of the pneumatic sensor and in the cavity 17 of the servomotor 18 increases sharply and, due to the deformation of the membrane 44 and the movement of the rod 45,

fuel supply to engine cylinders. At the same time, incomplete combustion of fuel is observed, the engine smokes, because the fuel supply increases faster than the rotational speed

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the turbocharger and the engine cylinders lack air. This is even more pronounced when the engine is reversed from front to rear, when the rotational speed of the turbocharger is noticeably reduced. To eliminate this, it is necessary to introduce an additional portion of air directly into the engine cylinders or to increase the rotational speed — the turbocharger;

With a sharp increase in air pressure in line 19, the air pressure in cavity 13 of servomotor 12 sharply increases simultaneously, and pressure in cavity 14 increases more slowly due to the presence of throttles 20 in line 16, with the help of a needle 37 which can be used to adjust pressure equalization time cavity 13 and 14, due to the presence of a large pressure difference in cavity 13 and 14, the deformation of the membrane 27 to the right is maximum, and the stroke of the rod 30 and rod 31 is such that not only the gap between the end of the rod 31 and the seal 35 is selected, but also compression occurs pr dinners 36 and yn otnenie 35 opens. At the same time, the air from the source 3 goes through the pipeline 2 to the cavity 33 of the valve 22, then to the cavity 34 and through the pipeline 23 to the cavity 42 of the changeover valve 24, from where it goes through the pipe 25 to the control cavity 26 of the main starting valve 1 and opens it As a result, the start-up air from the source 3 through line 2 through the open main start valve 1 and the start-up line 4 fills the working spaces 5 of the start-up valves 6. At the same time the air from the start-up line 4 comes through the line 7 to the air distributor 8, from the cat One of the pulse channels 9 through the shut-off valve 10 into the control cavity 11 of the starting valve 6, but the valve does not open, because the combustion process of the fuel flows in the cylinder and the products of combustion are under high pressure. As the crankshaft rotates, the pressure in the cylinder drops, and finally,

when the pressure of the air in the control cavity 11 of the starting valve 6 is opened, the engine cylinder is connected with the working cavity 5, the d5 charge occurs

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ka cylinder engine compressed air, the pressure in it increases dramatically. A few degrees of rotation of the crankshaft until the exhaust valve is opened, the air distributor 8 unloads into the atmosphere the control cavity 11 of the starting valve 6, the latter closes. At the moment of opening the exhaust valve, the mixture of air and combustion products with a higher pressure is directed to the exhaust manifold and then to the turbine blades , as a result, its rotational frequency increases sharply and, consequently, the pressure of charge air in the intake manifold also increases rapidly, which contributes more high-quality combustion of fuel in the cylinder, hence the engine throttle response,

The process of acceleration of the rotor of the turbo-compressor is continued until the air pressure in the cavities 13 and 14 of the servomotor is equalized. After that, the membrane 27 under the action of the springs 28 and 29 occupies the neutral middle position, ha 30 and the rod 31 moves to the left so that and a seal 35 forms a gap. As a result, the air from the control cavity 26 of the main starting valve 1 through the pipeline 25, through the diverter valve 24, then through the pipeline 23 and the channel 32 of the rod 31 is discharged into the atmosphere. After that, the main starting valve I closes, and the device stops its operation, and the engine switches to a new mode of operation in a shorter period.

With a sharp transfer of the engine, for example, from full speed mode to low air pressure in line 19 of pneumatic sensor, in pipe 15 and cavity 13 of servomotor 12 quickly decreases, but membrane 27 does not deform, because under the action of air pressure in cavity 14 of servomotor 12 the seal 38 is displaced to the left, compressing the spring 40, and therefore the air pressure drop in the indicated cavities of the servomotor 12 occurs at almost the same speed.

The engine is started by setting the control from the stop to the start position, and a start signal is generated in the pipe 46.

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the DAU system, which through the check valve 24 and the pipe 25 enters the control cavity 26 of the main starting valve 1 and opens it. After that, the device starts working in the previously described way, but in the starting mode, i.e. to set the starting frequency of rotation. When abruptly re-positioning the control unit, the servo motor 12 and the opening of the valve 22 do not work, but this does not affect the starting mode of the engine, since in this case the main starting valve 1 is kept open in parallel by two signals from the side of the valve 22, and starting signal in the pipeline 46 from the system DAU.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A device for starting and reversing a turbo-adduction engine for internal combustion, containing at least one starting valve installed in the engine cylinder and equipped with a control and working cavity, a main starting valve with a controller Composed by V. Morozov Editor N. Kishtulinets Tehred V. Kadar Order 2197/39 Circulation 504 VNIIPI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5 Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4 96 connecting and working cavities connected by means of a pipeline with a source of compressed air and connected by its working cavity using a starting line - to the working cavity of the starting valve and the air distributor connected by means of a pulse channel with a shut-off valve to the control cavity of the starting valve, and a servo motor regulating the rotational speed with a control cavity, characterized in that, in order to increase the stability of operation on transient modes, it is equipped with a double-acting membrane servomotor with working cavities, communicated by means of nozzles with the control cavity of the servomotor of the frequency regulator rotation, normally closed valve, controlled by a double-acting servo motor, and a toggle valve, in which one of the branch pipes has a regulator: a double acting throttle, and the control cavity of the main starting valve communicates with the pipeline through the toggle valve and normally closed valves. Proofreader S. Cherni Subscription